m 


f<5*. 


\ 


LIBRARY 

OF  THE 

ASTRONOMICAL  SOCIETY 
OF  THE  PACIFIC 


FRONTISPIECE. 


RELIEF  MAP  OF  CALIFORNIA. 


W.  B.  No.  292. 


Price  5O  cents. 


U.  S.  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE. 

"WE -A.  T  IS  E  IK 

Bnlletm  L. 


CLIMATOLOGY  OF  CALIFORNIA. 


Prepared  under  the  direction  of  WILLIS  L  MOORE,  Chief  D.  S.  Weather  Bureau, 


BY 


ALEXANDER  G.  McADIE,  Professor  of  Meteorology. 
\\ 


WASHINGTON: 

GOVERNMENT    PRINTING    OFFICE. 
1903. 


£2 

Astron.  uaftt. 


ASTRONOEi 


CONTENTS. 


Fa«e. 

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 5 

CONTROLLING  FACTORS 7 

Pressure 7 

Precipitation,  San  Francisco 9 

High  and  !ow  pressures 12 

West  Pacific  storms 13 

Ocean  effect 15 

Topography • 16 

CLIMATE  OP  NORTH  AND  CENTRAL  COAST 25 

Eureka  and  Northern  California 33 

San  Francisco 33 

Some  maximum  and  minimum  temperatures 41 

Notes  from  record  of  G.  H.  Gibbons,  M.  I) 42 

The  great  rainstorm  of  1866.    Mr.  L.  J.  Le  Conte,  C.  E 46 

Rainfall.    Mr.  John  Pettee 48 

CLIMATE  OP  SOUTHERN  COAST 59 

San  Luis  Obispo 59 

Santa  Barbara 64 

Los  Angeles 68 

San  Diego 81 

CLIMATOLOGY  OP  THE  GREAT  VALLEY 93 

Red  Bluff 93 

Sacramento 97 

Fresno 106 

CLIMATE  OF  SANTA  CLARA  VALLEY Ill 

Mount  Tamalpais,  San  Francisco,  Lick  Observatory,  San  Jose,  Menlo  Park,  San  Mateo. 

LOCAL  CLIMATOLOGY 123 

GENERAL  PRECIPITATION  TABLES 167 

SNOWFALL 215 

PRECIPITATION  AT  HIGH  LEVELS 224 

FROST 227 

FOG 239 

THUNDERSTORMS 251 

EARTHQUAKES 259 


701306 


I  LLUSTR  ATI  O  NS. 


Frontispiece.  Page. 

FIG.    1.  Rainfall  at  San  Francisco,  1849-1902 ! 10 

2.  Seasonal  rainfall  at  San  Francisco.  1850-1902.     Intensity,  or  amount  in  inches.     (Normal,  23  inches)..  11 

3.  Seasonal  rainfall  at  San  Francisco,  1850-1902.     Frequency,  or  number  of  days.     (Average,  71  days)..  11 

4.  Seasonal  rainfall  at  Eureka,  from  1887  to  1901 27 

5.  Sketch  map  of  Humboldt  Bay 33 

6.  Monthly  curves  of  hourly  wind  velocities    47 

7.  Hourly  wind  velocities  at  San  Francisco •  47 

8.  Mean  relative  humidity — upper,  5  a.  m. ;  lower,  5  p.  m 47 

9.  Percentage  of  annual  rainfall  each  month 47 

From  Bulletin  D,  by  Prof.  A.  J.  Henry. 

10.  Seasonal  rainfall  at  San  Diego,  from  1850  to  1901 84 

11.  Seasdhal  rainfall  at  Sacramento,  from  1849  to  1901 102 

12.  Seasonal  rainfall  at  Fresno,  from  1882  to  1901 109 

13.  Wire  baskets  in  citrus  grove 230 

14.  Wire  baskets  hung  from  limbs  of  orange  trees - 230 

15.  Wire  baskets  in  lemon  and  orange  grove 231 

16.  Mr.  Priestly  Hall's  device  for  smudging 

17.  Eight  miner's  inches  of  warm  water  in  orange  grove  at  Meacham  ranch 232 

18.  Lath  screen  at  ranch  of  Mr.  A.  J.  Everest,  Riverside  (view  from  above) 233 

19.  Lath  screen  at  ranch  of  Mr.  A.  J.  Everest,  Riverside  (under  view ) 234 

20.  Fog  service  at  San  Francisco.     Corner  of  large  map  standing  in  main  corridor  of  Ferry  Building.     By 

means  of  frequent  reports  from  Point  Reyes  and  Mount  Tamalpais  the  extent  and  character  of 

fog  over  Drakes  Bay,  the  roadstead,  and  the  Gate  itself  are  known  in  the  city 244 

21.  Morning  fog  over  valleys.     ( PI.  I) 245 

22.  Lifted  fog.     Height  above  ground  about  500  meters.     (PI.  I) 245 

23.  Sea  fog  pouring  over  Sansalito  Hills  and  through  Golden  Gate.     (PI.  II ) 245 

24.  Fog  waves.     (PI.  II) 245 

25.  Fog  lifting.     View  from  United  States  Weather  Bureau,  Mount  Tamalpain,  Cal.     ( Pi.  Ill ) 245 

26.  Helmholtzian  fog  billow.     View  from  United  States  Weather  Bureau  observatory,  Mount  Tamalpais, 

Cal.     (PI.  IV) 245 

27.  Fog  billows.     (PI.  V) 245 

28.  Fog  billows.     (PI.  V  ) 245 

29.  Fog  drifting  from  sea  inland.     (PI.  VI) 245 

30.  Fog  stratum;  clear  above  and  cloudy  below.     (PI.  VI) 245 

31.  Probable  condition  at  time  of  the  Rio  de  Janeiro  wreck,  February  22,  1901 249 

CHARTS  I  to  IX.  Pressure,  wind,  and  rainfall  during  the  winter  months  of  January  and  December,  1899;  Decem- 
ber, 1901 ;  January  and  February,  1902 9 

CHARTS  X  to  XII.  Track  of  a  disturbance  across  the  Pacific  Ocean  from  the  Ladrone  Islands  to  the  coast  of 

California  from  November  20,  1895,  to  January  14,  1896 15 

4 


ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. 

The  following-named  gentlemen  have  assisted  in  the  preparation  of  this  volume: 

Mr.  George  H.  Willson,  local  forecaster,  and  the  following  members  of  the  office  force  at 
San  Francisco:  Mr.  Horace  E.  Smith.  Mr.  William  Norrington,  Mr.  Walter  H.  Scholl,  Mr. 
William  J.  Reed.  Mr.  Herbert  E.  Wilkinson,  Mr.  Hugo  Legler,  Mr.  Walter  J.  Bennett,  and 
Mr.  William  H.  Fahlbusch. 

Mr.  George  E.  Franklin,  local  forecaster,  Los  Angeles,  Cal.,  contributed  the  article  upon 
the  "Climate  of  Los  Angeles;''  Mr.  James  A.  Barwick  that  upon  the  "Climate  of  Sacramento;'' 
Mr.  Ford  A.  Carpenter,  the  "Climate  of  San  Diego;"  Mr.  Maurice  Connell,  the  "Climate  of 
Red  Bluff;"  Mr.  Aaron  H.  Bell,  the  "Climate  of  Eureka;"  Mr.  J.  P.  Bolton,  the  "Climate 
of  Fresno;"  Mr.  J.  R.  Williams,  the  data  for  San  Luis  Obispo,  and  Mr.  J.  J.  McLean  the  data 
for  Independence. 

The  Southern  Pacific  Company  has  for  many  years  had  its  agents  keep  a  daily  record  of 
rainfall  and  temperature,  which  records  have  been  compiled  by  the  Weather  Bureau  office  at  San 
Francisco.  Data  from  181  stations  in  California  have  been  thus  collected.  Through  the  courtesy 
of  the  Santa  Fe  System  reports  from  ten  stations  in  the  San  Joaquin  Valley  are  received. 

Due  credit  must  also  be  given  to  the  voluntary  observers  of  the  State;  and  in  particular  to 
Mr.  Samuel  H.  Gerrish,  Sacramento:  Mr.  J.  A.  Edman,  Edmanton:  Mr.  J.  C.  Stanton,  Rio 
Vista;  Mr.  C.  W.  Hendel,  La  Porte;  and  Dr.  C.  Max  Richter,  of  Santa  Barbara.  The  records, 
journals,  and  diaries  of  Thomas  Tennent,  Dr.  G.  H.  Gibbons,  Dr.  T.  A.  Logan,  and  Mr.  John 
Pettee  have  been  generously  drawn  upon  for  data.  To  these  records  we  are  indebted  for  all  data 
preceding  the  period  of  regular  Weather  Bureau  observations. 

Mr.  J.  B.  Lippincott,  of  Los  Angeles,  resident  hydrographer  of  the  United  States  Geological 
Survey,  has  kindly  placed  at  our  disposal  the  rainfall  data  at  high  altitudes  used  by  him  in  his 
engineering  practice.  Jn  California  seasonal  rainfalls  and  data  showing  probable  water  supply 
in  various  drainage  basins  are  of  the  utmost  importance  to  the  engineering  profession.  In  the 
present  paper  many  fragmentary  rainfall  records  had  to  be  omitted  in  order  to  keep  the  volume 
within  reasonable  limits.  Many  of  these  can  be  found  in  "  Irrigation  and  Water  Storage"  by 
Glassford. 

The  diagrams  of  rainfall  in  this  memoir  show  the  seasonal  amounts,  because  for  engineering 
and  other  purposes  the  seasonal  rather  than  the  calendar  year  totals  are  desired.  In  the  various 
tables,  however,  it  was  thought  best  to  continue  the  usual  yearly  amounts. 

The  table  of  elevations  has  been  materially  changed  and  many  corrections  made  by  Prof. 
George  Davidson  and  Prof.  Joseph  N.  Le  Coute,  both  of  the  University  of  California. 

5 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 


CONTROLLING  FACTORS. 

The  general  climatic  conditions  of  the  Pacific  coast,  and  particularly  the  climate  of  California, 
mav  he  said  to  be  controlled  by  four  great  factors.  These  are — 

1.  The  movements  of  the  great  continental  and  oceanic  pressure  areas — the  so-called  perma- 
nent "highs"  and  "lows."     Under  this  head  we  include  also  the  most  active  factor  in  climatic 
development,  namely,  the  movements  of   individual  pressure  areas,  since  there  is  now  good 
ground  for  believing  that  the  paths  of  these  individual  disturbances — large-sized  whirls  and 
counter  whirls — are  largely  determined  by  the  general  relations  of  the  permanent  pressure  areas; 

2.  The  prevailing  drift  of  the  atmosphere  in  temperate  latitudes  from  west  to  east; 

3.  The  proximity  of  the  Pacific  Ocean  with  a  mean  annual  temperature  near  the  coast  line  of 
about  13°  C.  (55°  F.),  a  great  natural  conservator  of  heat,  and  to  which  is  chiefly  due  the 
moderate  range  of  temperature  along  the  coast  from  San  Diego  even  to  Tatoosh  Island;  and 

4.  The  exceedingly  diversified  topography  of  the  country  for  a  distance  of  200  miles  from 
the  coast  inland. 

PRESSURE   DISTRIBUTION. 

It  was  early  shown  by  Hoffmeyer  that  the  distribution  of  the  great  so-called  permanent- 
pressure  areas  over  the  North  Atlantic  Ocean  determined  largely  the  character  of  the  seasons  in 
northern  Europe.  Teisserenc  de  Bort,  discussing  the  causes  of  an  abnormal  winter  in  central 
Europe,  called  attention  to  the  fact  that  during  this  period  the  great  high-pressure  area  ordinarily 
overly- ing  the  Atlantic  Ocean  between  latitudes  20°  and  40C  north  had  moved  somewhat  from  its 
normal  position.  Eliot,  Blanford,  and  others  have  shown  that  the  great  atmospheric  movements 
over  India  are  more  or  less  connected  with  the  chief  features  of  the  weather  there,  particularly 
with  respect  to  the  monsoons  and  rainfalls.  Fassig  has  recently  shown  that  the  weather  condi- 
tions prevailing  in  the  United  States  east  of  the  Rocky  Mountains  during  March  may  be  con- 
nected with  the  movement  of  the  large  pressure  areas;  and,  in  brief,  that  the  weather  of  the 
Middle  Atlantic  States"  "  is  cold  when  the  continental  high  controls,  warm  when  the  Atlantic 
high  extends  its  influence  westward  beyond  the  coast,  and  normal  when  there  is  a  fairly  equal 
development  in  strength  and  extent  of  the  two  high  areas,  in  which  case  now  one,  then  the  other, 
is  in  control  of  the  wind  direction,  bringing  alternately  cold  and  warm  air  to  the  region.  The 
paths  of  storms  lie  within  the  trough  between  the  two  high  areas;  when  the  trough  is  wide  the 
storm  paths  are  widely  scattered;  as  the  high  areas  approach  one  another  the  storm  paths  are 
contracted  within  narrower  limits." 

Over  the  North  Pacific  Ocean  in  winter  there  exists  an  area  of  low  barometer  covering  the 
region  between  the  latitudes  of  -tO=  and  60C  north  and  130°  west  to  110C  east  longitude.  An  area 
of  high  pressure  overlies  the  greater  part  of  North  America  with  a  southwest  extension  to  the 
Tropics  and  west  to  the  one  hundred  and  sixtieth  meridian.  We  shall  find  that  typical  wet 
winters  on  the  California  coast  occur  when  this  great  North  Pacific  low  extends  well  eastward 
overlying  the  continent  west  of  a  line  drawn  from  San  Francisco  to  Calgary.  At  the  same  time 
the  great  continental  high  area  apparently  recedes  to  the  southeast.  On  the  other  hand,  the 

«  Am.  Jour,  of  Science,  Vol.  VII,  Xov.,  1899. 


8  CLIMATOLOGY  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

pressure  distribution  characteristic  of  a  dry  winter  on  the  California  coast  is  marked  by  the 
prevalence  of  the  continental  high  over  the  entire  country  west  of  the  Rocky  Mountains.  This 
relation  is  very  clearly  shown  in  the  series  of  four  charts  following  taken  from  Prof.  A.  J.  Henry's 
"Rainfall  of  the  United  States."  Professor  Henry  states  "The  prevailing  winds  and  the  pressure 
distribution  shown  on  the  chart  for  December,  1889,  are  favorable  for  heavy  pi'ecipitation  in 
California  and  the  plateau  region.  The  pressure  distribution  is  abnormal,  as  is  also  the  rainfall; 
*  *  *  the  chart  represents  an  extreme  condition,  viz,  a  transfer  of  the  usual  track  of  low- 
pressure  areas  of  the  northern  boundary  southward  to  central  California  and  the  plateau  region 
of  Nevada  and  Arizona,  *  *  *  this  region  being  ordinarily  covered  by  an  area  of  high 
pressure." 

This  relation  of  permanent  pressure  distribution  and  rainfall  is  more  plainly  shown  on  the 
series  of  charts  for  December,  1901,  January  and  February,  1902.  December  and  January 
were  months  of  marked  deficiency  in  rainfall,  and  it  will  be  noted  that  during  this  period  the 
continental  "  high "  overspread  nearly  the  entire  country  west  of  the  Rocky  Mountains.  The 
prevailing  air  movement  in  California  under  such  conditions  is  from  the  north  or  northeast  and, 
as  might  naturally  be  inferred,  such  a  circulation  is  accompanied  by  scanty  precipitation. 
During  February,  however,  there  is  a  noticeable  change  in  pressure  distribution.  The 
continental  "high"  is  now  well  to  the  east  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  while  the  North  Pacific 
"low"  has  apparent! y  moved  well  in  over  Vancouver  Island  and  Washington.  The  general 
air  movement  is  now  from  the  south  and  southwest  and  the  rainfall  very  heavy,  especially  in 
the  northern  coast  counties  of  California.  At  some  places  in  the  redwood  section  the  rainfall 
amounted  to  as  much  as  40  inches  during  the  month. 

No  one  who  has  not  lived  in  California  can  realize  the  relief  which  this  generous  rainfall 
of  February  brought  to  an  anxious  community. 

The  extensive  record  of  rainfall  at  San  Francisco,  covering  a  period  of  fifty-three  years,  may 
be  studied  to  advantage  in  connection  with  the  pressure  distribution.  There  were  six  Decembers 
during  which  the  rainfall  exceeded  10  inches,  the  normal  December  rainfall  being  5  inches. 
These  months  were  in  1852,  1866,  186T,  1871,  1880,  and  1889.  The  pressure  distributions  for 
the  earlier  years  are  not  available,  but  the  conditions  for  the  month  of  December,  1889,  are 
characteristic  and  are  shown  in  detail  in  the  charts  here  given.  The  mean  rainfall  for  December 
at  this  station  is  about  5  inches;  the  greatest  rainfall  was  in  1866,  when  15  inches  fell.  In  1871 
14  inches  fell.  The  driest  December  on  record  was  that  of  1876,  when  no  rain  fell  during  the 
entire  month.  Pressure  charts  are  not  available,  but  the  probabilitj^  is  that  the  chart  would 
greatly  resemble  that  given  for  December,  1901.  There  were  seven  Decembers  in  this  period  in 
which  the  total  monthly  precipitation  did  not  exceed  1  inch. 

For  January  a  similar  relationship  is  found  to  exist.  In  1862  the  rainfall  exceeded  24  inches, 
or  nearly  five  times  the  normal  amount.  In  1866  over  10  inches  fell;  in  1878  nearly  12  inches, 
and  in  1890  over  9  inches.  The  driest  January  of  recent  3rears  was  in  1891,  when  less  than  1  inch 
fell.  The  pressure  distribution  is  that  of  the  type  shown  by  1892  and  1889.  For  February  the 
mean  rainfall  is  about  3£  inches.  In  1878  over  12£  inches  fell;  in  1887  over  9  inches.  In  1891 
the  February  rainfall  was  7.26  inches  and  in  1902,  7.27  inches.  It  is  interesting  to  note  that  the 
pressure  charts  for  these  years  closely  resemble  each  other  over  the  country  west  of  the  Rocky 
Mountains.  On  the  Atlantic  seaboard  the  pressure  distributions  are  not  alike. 


CHART  I 


Pressure,  Wind,  and  Rainfall  during  a  Dry  winter  month. — January,  J889. 


Pressure,  Wind,  and  Rainfall  during  a  Wet  winter  month.— December,  1889. 


CHART  II 


$ 


\\  m 


s. 

3 


J 


GHAUT  III 


!U   i 


<*- 

Ui 


& 


CHART  IV 


CHAKT  V 


—  £.•  "'    c 

B   IS    3     £ 

ill  i 

5  S  *| 
c  s  *  «» 


o 

E 


;    o 

1 


:  £  J 

-    -    '-  S  3 

»••-  •  »^ 
s  —    •    « 

*  s  I  s  £  *  S 

g  j  ;=  •=  i  .=  £ 

s I  !«*-?  f 

>•  a  •;  "  I  .S  5 

o  *  *  °  - 
a        i  S  ?  5  • = 


^       / 

o 

"  ! 

Q      1 

\ 

1 

1 

/ 

X 

z 

1       -             o 

\ 

/ 

D 

or 

< 

i    0   1    ? 

c   i    - 

1 
1 

\ 

^>              /  i 

z 

u,                 ° 

1 
1 

/ 

K 

I 

i 

/ 

UJ 

!  >   i    ^ 

\ 

/:  !   . 

00 

3g 

i   _       < 
i       i   « 

(C 

J 

/   - 

< 

u; 

Uy" 

^r 

/    ^ 

1 

-.  ,^*»  / 
TjT/ 

/,           \_3   .-- 

» 

*>          wT/ 

/     ^-7^ 

! 

\     X 

yv 

^> 


smmSi::::i?  '•\r\*^r      \^        '<? 

1     •  1 1   '     ' '   • '     :      r        \  /  ^J* 

:.•;  i    j  ;•  i    IrVx\\V        \>L/0 
!;  •;:  i  ;:S:r  v/"     s  *  J  /I     *       s 

j;  i::      ''KLs\»    k^-          rx  I   * 

!  !i;    ;    I'l^y^x  «>,  x  — (        :    w       ,— «r- 

P^§^  F 

5*1      °-<»^     {V  >-^     *-*"!      «>*/**  yT 

"«h*5-'"^>*^r — \ — T^      c^  ^V7©          y^ 


CHART  VII 


\ 


\ 


CHAKT  VIII 


1 


fc 

a. 

q 

aj 

as 
a. 


I-* 

t-        L. 

O     O 

Ij 

33 

^•« 
.  > 

<* 
-p  _. 

>« 


O    o  £ 
V     r; 


O 
•N 


-o 

5! 


li 

<b  -a 
ij  « 
T  ° 

'O 

^   . 


CHART  IX 


4 


Xi 


s\ 


.<•'" 


• 


r 


CONTROLLING    FACTORS.  S.'F 

MONTHLY  PRECIPITATION  (INCHES  AND  HUNDREDTHS). 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

.Dec. 

Annual. 

Season 
of— 

Seasonal. 

1849  
1850 

8  34 

1  77 

4  53 


0  46 

0  00 

0  30 

0.00 
0  00 

0.00 
0  00 

0.00 
0  33 

3.14 
0  00 

8.66 
0  92 

6.20 
1  05 

17  40 

1849-50 

33  10 

1851            

0.72 

0.54 

1.94 

1.23 

0.67 

0  02 

0  00 

0.02 

1.03 

0  21 

2.12 

7  10 

15  58 

1850-51 

7  40 

1852 

0  58 

0  14 

6  68 

0  26 

0  32 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  80 

5  31 

13  20 

27  29 

1851-52 

18  46 

1853               

3  92 

1.42 

4  86 

5  37 

0  38 

0  00 

0  00 

0  04 

0  46 

0  12 

2.28 

2  32 

21  17 

185''-53 

35  26 

1854 

3  88 

8  04 

3  51 

3  12 

0  02 

0  08 

0  00 

0  01 

0  15 

2.43 

0  34 

0  87 

22  45 

1853-54 

23  87 

1855                      

3  67 

4  77 

4  64 

5  00 

1.88 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  67 

5  76 

26  39 

1854-55 

23  76 

1856  

9  40 

0.50 

1.60 

2.94 

0.76 

0.03 

0.02 

0.00 

0.07 

0.45 

2.79 

3.75 

22  31 

1855-56 

21  66 

1857 

2  45 

8  59 

1  62 

0  00 

0  05 

0  12 

0  00 

0  05 

0  00 

0  93 

3  01 

4  14 

20  93 

1856-57 

19  88 

1858  

4  36 

1.83 

5.55 

1.55 

0.34 

0  05 

0.05 

0  16 

0  00 

2.74 

0  69 

6  14 

23  46 

1857-58 

21  81 

1859 

1  28 

6  32 

3  02 

0  27 

1  55 

0  00 

0  00 

0  02 

0  03 

0  05 

7  28 

1  57 

21  39 

1858-59 

22  22 

1860           .   . 

1  64 

1  60 

3  99 

3  14 

2  86 

0  09 

0  21 

0  00 

0  00 

0  91 

0  58 

6  16 

21  18 

1859-60 

22  27 

1861  

2  47 

3.72 

4.08 

0.51 

1.00 

0.08 

0.00 

0.00 

0.02 

0.00 

4.10 

9  54 

25  52 

1860-61 

19  72 

1862 

24  36 

7  53 

2  20 

0  73 

0  74 

0  05 

0  00 

o  oo 

0  00 

0  52 

0  15 

2  35 

38  63 

1861-62 

49  27 

1863  

3  63 

3  19 

2.06 

1.61 

0.23 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0.03 

0  00 

2.55 

1  80 

15  10 

1862-63 

13  74 

1S64 

1  83 

0  00 

1  52 

1  57 

0  78 

0  00 

0  00 

0  21 

0  01 

0  13 

6  68 

8  91 

21  64 

1863-64 

10  08 

1865             

5  14 

1  34 

0  74 

0  94 

0  63 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  24 

0  26 

4  19 

0  58 

14  06 

1864-65 

24  73 

1866  

10  88 

2  12 

3.04 

0.12 

1.46 

0.04 

0.00 

0  00 

0.11 

0.00 

3.35 

15  16 

36  28 

1865-66 

22  93 

1867 

5  16 

7  20 

1  58 

2  36 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  04 

0  20 

3  41 

10  69 

30  64 

1866-67 

34  92 

1868  

9  50 

6  13 

6  30 

2  31 

0  03 

0  23 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  15 

1.18 

4  34 

30  17 

1867-68 

38  84 

1869  

6  35 

3.90 

3.14 

2  19 

0.08 

0.02 

0.00 

0  00 

0.12 

1.29 

1.19 

4  31 

22  59 

1868-69 

21.35 

1870 

3  89 

4  78 

2  00 

1  53 

0  20 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  03 

0  00 

0  43 

3  38 

16  24 

1869-70 

19  31 

1871  

3  07 

3  76 

1  05 

1  89 

0  23 

0  01 

0  00 

0  02 

0.00 

0  07 

2.81 

14  36 

20  44 

1870-71 

14  10 

1872  

4  00 

6.90 

1.59 

0.81 

0  18 

0.04 

0.01 

0.00 

0.04 

0.11 

2.79 

5.95 

22.42 

1871-72 

30.78 

1873 

1  58 

3  94 

0  79 

0  43 

0  00 

0  02 

0  01 

0  08 

0.00 

0  83 

1.16 

9  72 

18  56 

1872  73 

18  02 

1874  

5  66 

2  21 

3  36 

0  90 

0  66 

0.14 

0.00 

0  00 

0.02 

2.69 

6.55 

0.33 

22  52 

1873-74 

23.98 

1875 

8  01 

0  32 

1  30 

0  10 

0  22 

1  02 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  24 

7  27 

4  15 

22  63 

1874-75 

18  40 

1876 

7  55 

4  92 

5  49 

1  29 

0  24 

0  04 

0  01 

0  01 

0.38 

3  36 

0.25 

0  00 

23  54 

1875-76 

26  01 

1877  

4  32 

1.18 

1.08 

0  26 

0.18 

0.01 

0.02 

0  00 

0.00 

0.65 

1.57 

2.66 

11.93 

1876-77 

11.04 

1878 

11  97 

12  52 

4  56 

1  06 

0  16 

0  01 

0  01 

T 

0.55 

1  27 

0  57 

0  58 

33  26 

1877  78 

35  18 

1879  

3  52 

4  90 

8  75 

1  89 

2  35 

0.05 

0.01 

0  02 

T. 

0.78 

4.03 

4.46 

30  76 

1878-79 

24.44 

1880 

2  23 

1  87 

2  08 

10  06 

1  12 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  05 

0  33 

12  33 

30  07 

1879-80 

26  66 

1881.  . 

8  69 

4  65 

0  90 

2  00 

0  22 

n  69 

0  00 

0  00 

0.25 

0.54 

1.94 

3  85 

23  73 

1880-81 

29.86 

1882  

1  68 

2  % 

3.45 

1.22 

0.21 

0.04 

0.00 

0  00 

0.26 

2.66 

4.18 

2.01 

18  67 

1881-82 

16.14 

1883 

1  92 

1  04 

3  01 

1  51 

3  52 

0  01 

0  00 

0  00 

0.42 

1  48 

1  60 

0  92 

15  43 

1882-83 

20  12 

1884  

3  94 

6  65 

8  24 

6  33 

0  23 

2.57 

T 

0  04 

0.33 

2.55 

0.26 

7.68 

38  82 

1883-84 

32.38 

1885  

2  53 

0.30 

1.01 

3.17 

0.04 

0.19 

0.06 

T. 

0.11 

0.72 

11.78 

4.99 

24.90 

1884-85 

18.10 

1886 

7  42 

0  24 

2  07 

5  28 

0  37 

0.01 

0  23 

T 

0.01 

1.48 

0.84 

2  07 

20  02 

1885-86 

33.05 

1887  

1  90 

9.24 

0.84 

2  30 

0.06 

0.07 

T 

0  01 

0.29 

T. 

0.99 

3.34 

19  04 

1886-87 

19.04 

1888 

6  81 

0  94 

3  60 

0  11 

0  38 

0  27 

0  01 

0  01 

0  98 

0  13 

3  99 

5  80 

23  03 

1887-88 

16  74 

1889 

1  28 

0  72 

7.78 

0  96 

2  17 

0.03 

0  01 

T 

T. 

7.28 

2.90 

13  81 

36  94 

1888-89 

23.86 

1890  

9.61 

5.16 

4.73 

1.18 

1.07 

0.10 

0.02 

0.00 

0.31 

0.00 

0.00 

3.25 

25.43 

1889-90 

45.85 

1891 

0  98 

7  26 

1  % 

2  44 

1  25 

0  11 

0  10 

0  02 

0  77 

0  04 

0  56 

5  62 

21  11 

1890-91 

17.58 

1892 

2  42 

2  90 

2.85 

1.39 

1.86 

T. 

0  00 

0.00 

0.02 

1.65 

3.91 

5.08 

22  08 

1891-92 

18.53 

1893  

3.05 

2.75 

4.08 

1.03 

0.15 

0.03 

0.02 

0.00 

0.21 

0.16 

4.18 

2.25 

17.91 

1892-93 

22.05 

1894 

5  99 

2  69 

0  60 

0.50 

1.31 

0.56 

T 

0.00 

1.05 

1.73 

0.88 

9  01 

24  32 

1893-94 

18.47 

1895  

1896 

6.99 
8  14 

2.31 
0  28 

1.89 
2  85 

1.24 
6  16 

0.60 
0  72 

0.00 
0.00 

0.00 
0  09 

0.77 
0  52 

0.11 
1  55 

1.78 
4  56 

1.43 
4  34 

17.13 

28  25 

1894-95 
1895-96 

27.29 
21.25 

1897.     ... 

2  26 

4  41 

4.56 

0.27 

0.61 

0.22 

T. 

0.10 

1.70 

1.05 

1.22 

16  40 

1896-97 

23.43 

1898  

1.12 

2.13 

0.24 

0.19 

1.44 

0.19 

T. 

1.06 

0.86 

0.46 

1.62 

9.31 

1897-98 

9.38 

1899  
1900  

3.67 
4  11 

0.10 
0.64 

7.61 
1.91 

0.62 
1.08 

0.86 
0.32 

0.01 
0.05 

T. 

T. 
T. 

0.00 
0.46 

3.92 
1.48 

3.79 
3.91 

2.65 
1.37 

23.23 
15.33 

1898-99 
1899-00 

16.87 

18.47 

1901 

5  79 

5  03 

0  80 

1  64 

0  69 

T 

T 

T 

0  78 

0.64 

3.48 

0  90 

19  75 

1900-01 

21.17 

1902  

1.23 

7.27 

2  65 

0.98 

1.05 

0.00 

T. 

T. 

T. 

1.70 

1.98 

2.32 

19.18 

1901-02 

18.98 

Means  .  .  . 

4  85 

3.54 

3.14 

1.82 

0.73 

0.14 

0.02 

0.02 

0.23 

1.05 

2.75 

4.80 

22.76 

22.75 

10 


CLIMATOLOGY  OF  CALIFORNIA. 


FIG.  1.— Seasonal  rainfall  at  San  Francisco,  1849-1902. 


CONTROLLING    FACTORS. 


11 


FIG.  2.— Seasonal  rainfall  at  San  Francisco,  Cal.    Intensity  or  amount  in  inches.    (Normal,  23  inches.) 


FIG.  3. — Seasonal  rainfall  at  San  Francisco,  Cal.    Frequency,  or  number  of  days.    (Average,  71  days.) 


12  CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 

A  study  of  the  charts  in  the  Monthly  Weather  Eeview  makes  plain  the  positive  character 
of  the  relationship  between  pressure  distribution  and  the  amount  of  rainfall.  It  will  probably 
be  found  upon  investigation  that  the  frequency  of  rainfall  as  well  as  the  intensity  bear  a  direct 
relation  to  the  pressure  distribution  as  described  above.  In  addition  to  the  charts  of  the  Monthly 
Weather  Review  excellent  material  for  a  further  study  of  these  relationships  is  to  be  found  in 
the  various  international  bulletins  and  synoptic  charts  of  the  various  meteorological  services. 

The  path  of  storms  will  be  determined  by  the  position  of  the  great  permanent  areas.  When 
the  North  Pacific  low  extends  well  to  the  southward  in  winter  the  storm  tracks  are  well  to  the 
southward.  And  conversely  if  far  to  the  north,  the  mean  paths  will  also  be  far  north. 

MOVEMENT  OF  AREAS  OF  HIGH   PRESSURE. 

By  referring  to  the  charts  published  in  the  Monthly  Weather  Review  it  will  be  seen  that, 
especially  during  winter  months,  areas  of  high  pressure  frequently  lag  in  their  eastern  march  over 
the  country  between  the  Sierra  and  Rocky  Mountains.  Such  conditions  are  alluded  to  elsewhere 
as  being  generally  accompanied  by  tule  fog  in  the  great  valleys  with  temperatures  ranging  from 
30°  to  40°  at  sea  level  and  from  40°  to  50°  at  an  elevation  of  about  1,000  feet.  Warm  weather 
with  high  northerly  winds  is  apt  to  prevail  in  southern  California  during  the  early  part  of  the 
winter,  while,  strangely  enough,  under  somewhat  similar  conditions  of  pressure  distribution 
during  January  and  February,  cool  nights  with  frost  in  the  morning  may  be  expected  in  southern 
California. 

During  the  prevalence  of  a  slow  moving  area  of  high  pressure  it  has  been  found  that 
depressions  of  moderate  depth  sometimes  develop  on  what  may  be  called  the  periphery  of  the 
high  to  the  south  and  southwest.  During  the  months  of  November,  December,  and  January 
under  such  conditions  rain  will  begin  falling  without  much  warning  along  the  coast  from  Point 
Conception  southward.  The  forecast  official  can  from  the  very  nature  of  things  give  but  little 
advance  warning  of  such  disturbances. 

MOVEMENT  OF  AREAS  OF  LOW  PRESSURE. 
STORMS   OF   THE    WEST   PACIFIC   OCEAN. 

A  discussion  of  these  storms  falls  more  properly  under  the  province  of  the  Hydrographic 
Office;  but  so  interesting  are  the  few  facts  which  are  fairly  well  established  that  brief  mention 
must  be  made  of  them.  The  typhoons  of  the  West  Pacific  have  been  studied  with  much  care  and 
skill  by  the  staff  of  the  observatory  at  Manila,  and  particular  mention  must  be  made  of  the  work 
of  the  director  of  the  observatory,  P.  Jose  Algue,  S.  J.,  and  P.  Juan  'Doyle,  S.  J.,  subdirector 
of  the  observatory.  Algue's  "  Baguios  6  Ciclones  Filipinos"  and  Doyle's  "Tifones  del  Archi- 
pielago  Filipino  y  Mares  Circunvecinos"  are  the  best  contributions  to  the  subject. 

Excellent  directions  for  mariners  and  much  information  of  a  practical  character  is  to  be 
found  in  The  Law  of  Storms  in  the  Eastern  Seas,  by  W.  Doberck,  director  of  the  observatory  at 
Hongkong.  The  observatories  .at  Tokyo  and  Shanghai  have  also  collected  much  material  relating 
to  storm  development  and  motion  on  the  Asiatic  coast.  Reference  should  also  be  made  to  the 
work  of  Dr.  Paul  Bergholz,  director  of  the  meteorological  observatory  at  Bremen,  who  has  given 
special  attention  to  the  storms  of  the  East  Indies.  A  translation  of  an  address  by  this  author  on 
"The  origin,  paths,  and  limiting  zones  of  the  typhoons  of  the  Orient,"  by  Professor  Abbe,  was 
published  in  the  Monthly  Weather  Review  for  September,  1899,  and  an  abstract  of  this  follows: 


CONTROLLING    FACTORS. 


13 


TYPHOONS   OF   THE   PACIFIC   OCEAX. 

The  following  table  shows  at  a  glance  a  classification  of  the  hurricanes  of  the  Pacific  Ocean: 

Typhoons  of  the.  Pacific  Ocean. 


^ 

Group. 

Months. 

Trend  of  first 
branch,  a 

Latitude  of 
vertex  of 
parabola. 

Trend  of  second 
branch. 

January  

° 

1 

15-19 

March  .-... 

April-  Ma  v 

Mav  

2 

16-°1 

Northeast 

November  

lulv  .     . 

3 

''1  25 

August  

September 

"Namely,  when  passing  the  small  circle  of  latitude  for  Manila. 

In  general,  the  paths  of  these  hurricanes  are  all  parabolic.  The  average  trend  of  the  paths  or  the  inclination  to 
the  meridian  is  much  larger  when  they  pass  the  latitude  of  Manila  ( 14°  S57  north )  than  the  average  trend  in  the  first 
branch.  This  is  particularly  noticeable  during  the  months  of  the  first  group,  and  this  evidently  results  from  the  fact 
that  the  latitude  of  the  intersection  [vertex?]  of  the  path  agrees  very  nearly  with  the  latitude  of  Manila. 

If  now,  with  the  assistance  of  the  charts  of  isobars,  we  determine  the  conditions  under  which  the  cyclones  are 
formed  in  the  different  months  and  groups  of  months,  we  find: 

(a)  The  paths  of  the  hurricanes  of  the  Pacific  Ocean  in  the  first  group  start  from  the  region  between  two  areas 
of  high  pressure,  one  of  which  lies  over  the  continent,  the  other  over  the  Pacific  Ocean.  They  lead  toward  the 
center  of  low  pressure  that  occupies  a  portion  of  Bering  Sea.  The  hurricanes  of  the  China  Sea  keep  within  lower 
latitudes,  namely,  those  which  are  reached  by  the  limiting  isobars  of  the  Asiatic  center  of  high  pressure.  In  pro- 
portion as  the  centers  of  high  pressure  flatten  out  and  withdraw  during  the  period  from  January  to  March,  so  these 
extreme  isobars  retreat  toward  the  north,  and  consequently  the  paths  of  the  hurricanes  extend  farther  north. 

(6)  With  reference  to  the  second  group,  the  charts  of  monthly  isobars  show  that  the  hurricanes  of  the  Pacific 
Ocean  in  April  and  May  move  between  the  extreme  isobais  of  the  high-pressure  areas  of  the  Pacific  Ocean  and  Asia. 

(c)  The  paths  of  the  hurricanes  of  the  China  Sea  keep  south  of  the  isobar  760  mm.,  belonging  to  the  high- 
pressure  area  of  Asia  and  the  low-pressure  area  of  Hindostan.     In  October  and  November,  in  proportion  as  the 
Asiatic  high-pressure  area  develops,  these  are  pushed  more  and  more  into  lower  latitudes;  moreover,  the  develop- 
ment of  the  area  of  low  pressure  in  Hindostan  is  an  index  to  these  paths. 

(d)  The  hurricanes  of  the  Pacific  Ocean,  especially  in  October,  pass  along  the  broad  zone  between  the  Philip- 
pines and  Japan,  on  the  one  hand,  and  the  isobar  of  760  mm.  surrounding  the  high-pressure  area  of  the  Pacific.     In 
November  this  zone  becomes  narrower  by  reason  of  the  further  development  of  the  continental  area  of  high  pressure. 
The  hurricanes  of  the  Pacific  Ocean  belonging  to  this  group  also  pursue  paths  toward  the  depression  in  the  extreme 
north,  which  bears  north-northeast  from  Manila. 

(«)  It  is  characteristic  for  the  months  of  the  third  group  that  from  June  to  September,  at  least  to  the  middle  of 
the  latter  month,  the  center  of  high  pressure  withdraws  from  the  coast  of  Asia,  and  finally  disappears.  In  connection 
with  this  the  paths  of  the  hurricanes  attain  higher  latitudes,  and  those  of  the  Pacific  Ocean  recurve  very  near  the 
meridian  of  125°  east,  therefore  nearer  to  the  Philippines  than  in  the  previous  months.  A  single  exception  offers  in 
the  case  of  the  hurricanes  of  the  second  half  of  September,  whose  recurving  points  are  from  5°  to  8°  farther  east. 
All  hurricanes  in  the  Pacific  Ocean  have  as  their  ultimate  destination  the  northern  center  of  low  pressure.  The 
paths  of  the  hurricanes  of  the  China  Sea  trend  more  toward  the  north  in  proportion  as  the  high  pressure  area  of  the 
continent  moves  northward,  and  do  this,  therefore,  up  to  the  end  of  August  and  the  beginning  of  September;  if, 
however,  the  low-pressure  area  moves  toward  the  south  about  the  beginning  of  September,  then  also  the  paths  of 
these  cyclones  must  follow  it.  Some  of  the  July  hurricanes  after  recurving  follow  paths  going  very  nearly  north- 
ward: they  cross  over  the  Yellow  Sea  and  travel  toward  a  small  center  of  low  pressure  that  has  developed  in  Siberia. 

The  reader  who  is  interested  in  the  movements  of  the  storms  of  the  Asiatic  coast  may  read 
with  profit  Bulletin  H,  Weather  Bureau,  1900,  on  West  Indian  Hurricanes,  by  Prof.  E.  B. 
Garriott.  since  the  typhoon  on  the  Pacific  Ocean  and  the  hurricane  of  the  West  Indies  are  storms 
of  the  same  general  character  and  have  much  in  common. 


14  CLIMATOLOGY  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

During  the  years  1895,  1896,  and  1897  the  Weather  Bureau  office  at  San  Francisco  made  an 
attempt  to  trace  the  path  of  a  disturbance  across  the  ocean.  By  means  of  a  large  number  of  ship 
reports  obtained  through  the  courtesy  of  the  Hjdrographic  Office  the  approximate  path  of  a 
disturbance  was  determined.  On  the  accompanying  chart  there  is  shown  the  path  of  a  disturb- 
ance covering  a  period  extending  from  November  20,  1895,  to  January  14,  1896.  This  path  was 
determined  by  Prof.  W.  H.  Hammon. 

It  may  also  be  of  interest  to  present  a  section  of  the  same  disturbance  in  its  passage  just 
preceding  and  following  the  point  of  recurvature. 

To  illustrate  the  difficulties  of  forecasting  on  the  Pacific  coast  owing  to  the  absence  of  reli- 
able data  over  the  ocean,  the  accompanying  charts  showing  a  forecast  official's  map  with  the 
conditions  existing  on  the  morning  of  January  13,  1896,  and  the  real  condition  as  subsequently 
determined  by  platting  the  observations  of  ships  traversing  the  North  Pacific.  It  is  interesting 
to  notice  that  a  forecast  of  "rain"  for  the  ensuing  thirty-six  hours  might  with  the  fuller  knowl- 
edge obtained  later  have  been  changed  to  a  long-range  forecast  covering  a  period  of  many  days. 
As  a  matter  of  fact,  there  was  no  rain  reported  at  San  Francisco  during  the  first  twelve  days  of 
the  month  of  January,  1896;  but  rain  fell  on  every  day  from  the  13th  to  the  21st  and  the  total 
rainfall  for  this  month  was  8.14  inches,  or  nearly  double  the  normal  January  rainfall. 

LOW    AREAS   ON    THE    PACIFIC    COAST. 

Professor  C.  Abbe,  in  Monthly  Weather  Review,  November,  1896,  states  that— 

The  daily  chart  for  the  northern  hemisphere  accompanying  the  bulletin  of  international  simultaneous  meteoro- 
logical observations,  1875-1887,  has  long  since  familiarized  the  student  with  the  fact  that  areas  of  low  pressure  frequently 
pursue  very  long  paths  for  many  consecutive  days  in  their  circuit  around  the  north  temperate  regions.  Those  that 
start  in  the  equatorial  portions  of  the  Atlantic  or  Pacific,  after  passing  northwest  and  curving  to  the  northeast,  finally 
move  east-northeastward  between  the  forty-fifth  and  sixty-fifth  parallels.  Others  start  in  the  temperate  regions,  and 
without  moving  to  the  westward  or  recurving,  pursue  nearly  the  whole  path  in  an  east-northeast  direction.  In 
describing  the  history  of  areas  of  low  pressure  the  authors  who  have  contributed  chapters  to  the  successive  Monthly 
Weather  Reviews  for  nearly  twenty-five  years  past  have  usually  kept  in  mind  the  fact  that  "lows"  which  first  appear 
in  Washington,  Oregon,  Montana,  and  Alberta,  or  British  Columbia,  have  probably  originated  at  some  point  far  to 
the  west,  and  if  occasionally  the  description  of  such  a  storm  begins  by  speaking  of  it  as  originating  over  our  North 
Pacific  slope  region,  this  is  a  slip  of  the  pen  which  the  reader  may  generally  interpret  without  being  misled  by  it. 

On  several  occasions  I  have  pointed  out  the  fact  that  the  isobars,  and  therefore  the  winds  at  a  considerable 
distance  above  the  earth's  surface,  have  very  little  resemblance  to  the  isobars  and  winds  at  sea  level.  In  fact,  the 
normal  isobars  at  an  elevation  of  5,000  meters  (which  represents  a  surface  a  little  above  the  summits  of  the  Rocky 
Mountains)  present  a  grand  oval  depression  whose  longest  axis  extends  from  the  United  States  toward  the  north- 
northwest  over  the  Saskatchewan  and  the  Arctic  regions  to  eastern  Siberia.  By  studying  a  polar  projection  of  the 
northern  hemisphere  we  perceive  that  the  whole  upper  circulation  of  winds  and  clouds  and  the  general  movement 
of  areas  of  low  pressure  and  high  pressure  are  related  to  this  distribution  of  pressure  in  the  upper  layers  of  air. 
When  a  storm  center  moves  from  Japan  to  the  North  Pacific,  or  from  the  latter  to  our  Pacific  coast,  or  from  Alberta 
and  Oregon  southeastward,  or  from  Texas  and  Kansas  northeastward,  it  is  describing  some  portion  of  a  circuit  about 
this  great  upper  region  of  low  pressure.  It  is  simply  a  special  whirl  gliding  about  in  the  maelstrom  that  occupies 
one-half  of  the  northern  hemisphere.  The  axis  of  this  oval  polar  maelstrom  probably  changes  its  position  with 
considerable  regularity,  oscillating  slowly  to  and  fro;  therefore  the  paths  which  the  smaller  disturbances  describe 
will  vary  simultaneously  with  that;  sometimes  the  storms  will  move  far  to  the  south  either  in  America  or  in  Russia 
in  order  to  circumnavigate  the  southern  extension  of  the  longer  axis  of  the  oval;  but  will  thereby  diminish  in 
intensity  and  almost  die  out.  Sometimes  a  new  whirl  will  start  at  the  southern  end  of  the  oval;  sometimes  all  the 
paths  of  the  low  areas  will  lie  on  the  northern  border  of  the  United  States  and  Canadian  weather  charts  because  the 
polar  maelstrom  has  altered  its  dimensions  and  locations.  Even  the  great  subpermanent  areas  of  low  pressure  in 
the  North  Atlantic  and  North  Pacific  are  subordinate  to  the  greater  area  of  low  pressure  at  the  upper  level  and  its 
attendant  winds. 

These  remarks  were  made  in  discussing  the  following  notes  by  Professors  McAdie,  Henry, 
and  Hammon  bearing  upon  the  origin  and  paths  of  areas  of  low  pressure  on  the  Pacific  coast: 

A  little  study  of  weather  types  on  the  Pacific  slope  makes  it  plain  that  certain  conditions  traverse  the  country 
from  the  Pacific;  thus  to  take  at  random  the  month  of  January,  1895,  some  of  the  deep  lows  that  might  have  been 
supposed  to  originate  over  Manitoba  or  farther  west  over  Assiniboia,  Alberta,  and  British  Columbia  did  not  so 
originate,  but  are  storms  that  can  be  traced  distinctly  in  their  onward  march  from  the  northern-central  Pacific  Ocean 
northwestward,  often  recurving  and  doubling  in  their  paths,  but  preserving  identity.  Passing  south  of  Sitka  they 


CHART  X 


I 


s- 


u 


u 

u: 
'u 


a 


CHART  XI 


CHAOT  XII 


o 

a 

§- 
c 


a 
a. 


f-  _a 


CONTROLLING    FACTORS.  15 

march  eastward  and  reach  Newfoundland  in  about  one  hundred  and  twenty  hours.  For  example,  a  storm  passed 
from  Sitka  to  St.  Johns  between  January  12  and  17.  This  storm  did  not  originate  in  the  Northwest  Territory,  but 
clearly  came  in  from  the  Pacific.  Where  it  did  originate  we  do  not  know,  but  it  is  an  error  to  locate  its  origin  in  any 
of  the  Northwest  territories.  And  this  is  probably  true  of  most  storms  which  are  said  to  originate  over  Athabasca  or 
Saskatchewan.  The  truth  is  that  storms  first  come  into  notice  in  these  localities,  but  originate  elsewhere. 

*  *  *  *  *  *  * 

The  storms  of  the  Pacific  coast  present  a  characteristic  that  is  worthy  of  special  study,  viz,  an  apparent  oscillation 
from  the  ocean  to  the  land,  and  vice  versa;  that  is  to  say,  the  low  approaches  the  coast  and  partially  disappears, 
reappearing  within  a  period  of  twelve  to  thirty-six  hours,  and  continuing  this  action  until  the  storm  finally  disappears. 

*  *  »  *  *  * 

During  the  past  two  years  I  have  been  engaged,  during  my  leisure  time,  in  preparing  weather  charts  of  the 
Pacific  Ocean.  Some  remarkable  information  has  been  obtained  from  these  charts.  The  storms  that  approach  the 
Pacific  coast  from  the  ocean  frequently  recurve  several  times  after  touching  the  coast,  the  number  of  oscillations 

being  greater  the  farther  south  the  storm  approaches  the  coast. 

*  *  *  *  *  *  * 

Professor  Abbe  holds  that— 

The  fact  that  a  storm  moves  southward,  ricochetting  along  the  Pacific  coast,  and  probably  dying  away  as  it 
progresses,  harmonizes  with  the  general  theory  of  the  movement  of  vortices.  If  the  general  distribution  of  pressure 
at  sea  level,  and  especially  at  16,000  feet,  is  such  as  to  give  the  storm  center  a  general  movement  southward  or 
southeastward  along  the  Pacific  coast,  then  the  influences  of  the  high  mountain  land  in  the  interior  of  California 
and  the  plateau  lands  of  Idaho,  Nevada,  Oregon,  Utah,  and  Arizona  are  like  those  of  a  barrier  against  which  a 
small  atmospheric  vortex  may  strike,  only  to  be  reflected  several  times  in  succession.  A  further  special  influence 
of  these  high  lands  is  to  furnish  descending  dry  air  whose  mixture  with  the  moist  air  of  the  whirlwind  rapidly 
diminishes  the  quantity  of  condensation  and  the  sustaining  power  of  the  whole  mechanism.  The  inverse  conditions 
prevail  on  the  east  slope  of  the  Rocky  Mountains,  where,  therefore,  a  whirl  once  started  is  apt  to  increase  in  all 
characteristic  phenomena.  Possibly  this  process  is  illustrated  by  the  low  area  of  October  29,  1896,  in  regard  to 
which  Professor  McAdie  writes:  "On  Monday,  October  26,  1896,  a,  m.,  a  low,  29.70,  with  southeast  winds, 
appeared  on  the  Oregon  coast.  Taking  a  most  unusual  course,  this  storm  passed  southward  and  on  the  morning  of 
the  27th  was  over  central  California  (San  Francisco,  29.56,  southeast  wind,  1.10  inches  rainfall).  By  10  o'clock  of 
the  same  day  the  storm  was  moving  down  the  San  Joaquiu  Valley,  and  heavy  rain  was  falling  over  southern 
California.  On  the  morning  of  the  28th  the  pressure  was  29.78  at  El  Paso,  with  rain,  and  the  storm  was  out  of 
our  limits  of  observation,  but  just  coming  into  prominence  elsewhere." 

PREVAILING  AIR  DRIFT  AND  OCEAN   EFFECT. 

The  prevailing  easterly  drift  of  the  atmosphere  in  temperate  latitudes,  causing  the  well- 
known  winds  from  the  west,  is  one  of  the  prime  factors  in  modifying  the  climate  of  the  coast  of 
California,  This  coast  line,  stretching  for  10  degrees  of  latitude,  is  subjected  to  a  steady  indraft 
of  air  from  the  west.  In  this  movement,  together  with  the  fact  that  to  the  west  is  the  great 
Pacific  Ocean,  lies  the  secret  of  the  difference  in  temperatures  between  the  Atlantic  and  the 
Pacific  coasts  at  places  of  like  latitude.  For  some  years  there  has  been  an  impression  that  the 
milder  climate  of  the  Pacific  coast  was  due  to  a  warming  influence  of  the  Kuro  Siwo,  or  Japan 
current.  No  reliable  data  exist  to  support  such  a  belief,  and  it  is  quite  unlikely  that  the  Japan 
current  plays  any  important  part  in  modifying  the  climate  of  the  Pacific  coast.  The  active 
factors  are,  as  said  above,  the  prevailing  easterly  drift  of  the  atmosphere  and  the  proximity  of 
the  mass  of  water,  a  great  natural  conservator  of  heat.  Further  on,  the  equability  of  the  mean 
annual  temperatures  along  the  coast  of  California,  a  distance  of  nearly  1,000  miles,  is  discussed, 
and  the  area  might  be  extended  to  include  practically  the  whole  of  the  Pacific  coast.  One  of  the 
most  noticeable  differences  between  the  climate  of  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  seaboards  is  found  in 
the  trend  of  the  isotherms,  those  of  the  Atlantic  coast  corresponding  more  or  less  with  the 
parallels  of  latitude,  while  on  the  Pacific  coast  the  isotherms  run  more  nearly  like  meridians. 
Too  much  emphasis  can  not  be  laid  upon  the  effect  of  these  two  factors,  the  easterly  drift  of  the 
air  and  the  proximity  of  the  ocean  in  modifying  climate.  It  is  probable  that  if  one  of  these 
conditions  could  be  reversed  and  the  general  movement  of  the  air  in  these  latitudes  be  from  east 
to  west,  marked  differences  in  climatic  conditions  would  result,  and  the  Pacific  coast  might  then 
have  a  rigorous  climate. 


16  CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 

I 

TOPOGRAPHY. 

The  State  of  California  extends  from  latitude  32°  40'  north  to  42°  north  with  a  mean  length 
of  something  less  than  800  miles.  The  average  width  of  the  State  is  about  200  miles,  and  it  has 
an  area  of  155,980  square  miles,  or  99,827,200  acres.  The  coast  line  of  the  State  corresponds  in 
position  to  that  portion  of  the  Atlantic  coast  extending  from  Boston  to  Savannah.  Very  few 
rivers,  however,  empty  into  the  ocean,  and  in  both  topography  and  hydrography  there  is  but 
little  resemblance  between  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  seaboards.  The  mountain  ranges  and  other 
marked  physical  features  play  an  important  role  in  determining  local  climates,  a  discussion  of 
which  in  detail  will  be  given  further  on.  It  will  not  be  out  of  place  at  this  point,  though,  to  call 
attention  to  the  fact  that  the  highest  and  lowest  lands  in  the  United  States,  excluding  Alaska,  are 
in  California.  Mount  Whitney  has  an  elevation  of  4,427  meters  (14,522  feet");  Mount  Shasta, 
4,383  meters  (14,380  feet6);  and  by  referring  to  the  table  of  elevations c  it  will  be  seen  that  we 
know  of  at  least  43  well-defined  mountain  peaks  with  elevations  exceeding  3,048  meters  (10,000 
feet).  On  the  other  hand,  at  Salton  and  Volcano  the  depression  is  80  meters  (263  feet)  below 
sea  level.  Death  Valley,  the  bed  of  an  old  lake  about  75  miles  long  and  6  miles  wide,  lies,  in 
southeastern  California,  just  north  of  the  great  Mohave  Desert. 

A  few  illustrations  showing  the  diversity  of  climatic  conditions  may  be  of  interest.  In  the 
Colorado  Desert,  in  the  southern  portion  of  the  State,  shade  temperatures  as  high  as  54°  C. 
(130°  F.)  have  been  recorded.  Mean  monthly  temperatures  not  much  below  38°  C.  (100°  F.) 
frequently  occur  at  Volcano,  Salton,  Indio,  Mammoth  Tank,  and  other  places  in  the  great  arid 
regions  of  southern  California,  and  particularly  in  the  Valley  of  the  Colorado.  In  the  Sierra, 
just  north  of  Lake  Tahoe,  temperatures  as  low  as  —34°  C.  (—30°  F.)  have  occurred.  During 
the  winter  of  1898  a  minimum  thermometer  exposed  on  one  of  the  high  Sierra  peaks,  Mount 
L}'ell,  recorded  —27°  C.  (—17°  F.).  During  the  same  period  the  temperature  at  Bodie  reached 
a  minimum  of  -34°  C.  (-30°  F.). 

The  mean  annual  rainfalls,  as  might  be  expected,  vary  from  1  inch  to  75  inches.  At  Mammoth 
Tank  for  twenty-three  years  the  mean  annual  rainfall  amounts  to  1.81  inches,  but  here  and  at 
other  stations  there  have  been  years  when  the  rainfall  did  not  exceed  a  trace. 

At  Upper  Mattole  the  average  annual  rainfall  is  81  inches,  and  in  indvidual  years  rainfalls 
approximating  100  inches  have  occurred.  The  following  are  some  single  year  rainfalls:  Laporte 
120  inches,  1896;  101  inches,  1898.  Bowman's  Dam  119  inches,  1884;  110  inches,  1896.  Delta 
111  inches,  1889;  100  inches,  1896.  Upper  Mattole  102  inches,  1896;  101  inches,  1889. 
Edmonton  102  inches,  1896.  Snowfall  is  confined  in  general  to  the  central  and  northern  por- 
tions of  the  State  and  to  the  mountains  of  the  south.  At  Summit  an  annual  snowfall  of  697 
inches  has  been  reported. 

The  coast  line  of  nearly  1,000  miles  shows  a  difference  of  but  10°  F.  in  the  mean  annual 
temperatures  of  its  northern  and  southern  limits.  At  Eureka  the  temperature  is  11°  C.  (51°  F.); 
at  San  Francisco,  13°  C.  (56°  F.),  and  at  San  Diego  16°  C.  (61°  F.). 

That  the  coast  climates  are  very  equable  is  shown  by  the  following  mean  monthly  departures. 
At  Eureka  the  mean  January  temperature  is  46°,  or  a  departure  of  5°  from  the  annual  mean; 
at  San  Francisco  the  mean  January  temperature  is  50°,  or  a  departure  of  6C  from  the  annual 
mean,  and  at  San  Diego  the  mean  January  temperature  is  54°,  or  a  departure  of  7°  from  the 
annual  mean. 

Similarly  for  the  month  of  July  the  temperature  at  Eureka  is  56°,  or  5°  above  the  annual; 
at  San  Francisco,  59°,  or  3°  above  the  annual,  and  at  San  Diego  68°,  or  7°  above  the  annual. 

The  highest  mean  annual  temperature  found  in  the  Colorado  Desert  is  about  78°,  and  the 
lowest  mean  annual  temperature  for  stations  in  the  Sierra  (Summit,  for  example)  is  42°,  or  a 
total  annual  range  of  36°. 

The  absolute  range  as  stated  above  is  from  130°  F.  (54°  C.)  to  -30°  F.  (-35°  C.);  160°  F. 
(89°  C.) 

a  Authority,  Langley.          &  Authority,  U.  S.  Geological  Survey.          <"  Authority,  The  Sierra  Club,  of  San  Francisco. 


CONTROLLING    FACTORS. 


17 


The  various  elements  of  sunshine,  humidity,  wind  velocity,  and  direction  vary  in  different 
parts  of  the  State  to  almost  as  great  a  degree  as  rainfall  and  temperature.  Unfortunately  con- 
tinuous and  systematic  records  of  these  elements  are  not  available  for  most  portions  of  the  State. 

The  general  movement  of  the  air  over  the  State  is  from  the  west  and  north,  with  strong 
southeasterly  indrafts  during  the  months  of  November,  December.  January,  and  February 
whenever  marked  cyclonic  disturbances  approach  the  State  from  the  northwest.  The  general 
movement  of  the  air  in  California  is  decidedly  modified  and  certainly  in  the  lowermost  strati 
almost  entirely  controlled  b\  the  topography.  Particularly  interesting  are  the  accentuated 
movements  in  the  great  valleys,  as  shown  in  the  well-known  "northers"  of  May  and  June.  The 
prevailing  westerly  winds,  wherever  allowed  access  to  the  interior  through  gaps  in  the  Coast 
Range,  are  greatly  intensified  and  exhibit  in  both  frequency  and  duration  a  well-marked  relation 
to  the  temperatures  prevailing  in  the  interior. 

One  of  the  most  trying  climatic  conditions  prevailing  in  California  is  the  so-called  "norther''' 
or  hot  north  wind  which,  blowing  in  the  great  valleys,  is  both  injurious  to  ripening  crops  and 
irritating  to  man  and  beast.  May.  June,  and  July  are  the  months  of  greatest  frequency.  The 
condition  is  as  a  rule  associated  with  the  presence  of  an  area  of  high  pressure  over  the  North 
Pacific  Ocean  and  a  deepening  of  the  usual  summer  "  low"  over  southeastern  California  and  the 
Valley  of  the  Colorado.  Temperatures  of  43°  C.  (110°  F.)  or  more  occur  under  these  conditions. 
As  these  brisk  northerly  winds  are  very  dry  and  dust  laden,  ripe  fruit  and  wheat  are  seriously 
injured,  while  human  beings  and  stock  suffer  greatly  because  of  the  irritating  effects  of  the 
'*  norther." 

In  southern  California  a  somewhat  similar  condition  is  known  as  the  "Santa  Ana.v  In  all 
of  these  cases  the  air  has  been  dynamically  heated  and  dried,  either  by  descensional  movement,  as 
when  flowing  down  the  mountains  or  by  horizontal  movement  over  superheated  plains  nd 
deserts. 

In  the  tabulated  data  which  appears  further  on  it  will  be  noticed  that  the  general  conditions 
of  temperature  and  rainfall  are  greatly  modified  by  the  local  topography.  In  California,  perhaps 
more  so  than  in  any  other  part  of  the  habitable  earth,  a  great  diversity  of  climate  exists.  Within 
comparatively  short  distances  one  may  pass  from  a  climate  requiring  the  lightest  of  summer 
garments  to  one  requiring  overcoats  and  heavy  wraps.  A  short  study  of  a  relief  map  of  Cali- 
fornia will  throw  much  light  on  the  cause  of  the  great  diversity  of  climate.  The  subject  is 
discussed  in  detail  in  the  chapter  upon  the  "Climate  of  San  Francisco,"  where  a  marked  modifi- 
cation of  the  normal  conditions  is  undoubtedly  affected  by  the  peculiar  topography  of  the 
locality. 

TABLE  OF  ELEVATIONS  EXCEEDING  1,000  METERS  (3,281  FEET)   IN  CALIFORNIA. 

Many  of  the  elevations  have  been  supplied  by  Profs.  George  Davidson  and  J.  N.  Le  Conte.  For  peaks  in  the  High  Sierra  not  included 
here  see  supplementary  tables. 

[Abstracted  from  Sierra  Club's  Publication  Xo.  8."] 


Place. 

County. 

Elevation. 

Latitude. 

Longi- 
tude. 

Authority. 

Meters. 

Feet. 

Sierra. 

2,570 
2,373 
3,179 
2,629 
1.M 
1,930 
3,069 
2,506 
2,110 
1,156 
1,820 
1,709 
and  R.  H 

8,432 
7,785 
10,430 
8,625 
6,036 
6,333 
10,068 
8,422 
6,920 
3,793 
5,973 
5,607 
.  Chaptna 

O         ' 

39  54 
38  37 
38  39 
38  52 
3949 
3551 
3829 
41  26 
37  45 
37    7 
39  57 
40  55 
n,  of  the  I 

O           ' 

120    7 
120  15 
120  00 
120    4 
121    8 
11727 
119  45 
122    3 
119  32 
121  51 
121  29 
121  23 
.  S.  Geoloe 

Wheeler. 
U.S.G.S. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Wheeler. 
Do. 
U.S.G.8. 
Wheeler. 
U.S.C.  andG.S. 
C.3.G.S. 
Do. 
ical  Survey. 

\lder  Hill 

Angora  Peak  .                                            

Eldorado  

Plumas 

Argrus  Pea  k                                                        

San  Bernardino 

A?h  Creek  Butte                                           .  .   Siskivou  

Bache  Mountain  (  Loma  Prieta)  .                   Santa  Clara. 

Bald  Hill                                                                                   Butte 

BaM  Mountain                                                            Shasta 

"  This  table  was  compiled  for  the  Sierra  Club  by  Mark  B.  Kerr,  C.  E 

1176—  Bull.  Lr—  03  2 

18  CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 

TABLE  OF  ELEVATIONS  EXCEEDING  1,000  METEKS  (3,281  FEET)  IN  CALIFORNIA— Continued. 


Place. 

County. 

Elevation. 

Latitude. 

Longi- 
tude. 

Authority. 

Meters. 

Feet. 

1,804 
1,406 
2,419 
1,006 
1,791 
1,904 
1,189 
2,317 
1,494 
2,015 
2,209 
2,387 
2,608 
1,347 
2,912 
2,636 
2,031 
1,771 
1,408 
2,265 
4,137 
2,022 
1,643 
3,583 
1,156 
1,409 
1,284 
2,156 
2,402 
2,791 
2,387 
1,293 
2,377 
1,756 
2,744 
2,152 
1,346 
2,652 
t      2,463 
I      2,355 
1,069 
1,325 
3,009 
2,786 
3,962 
2,531 
1,973 
1,158 
2,517 
1,076 
2,105 
2,032 
2,133 
2,137 
3,021 
1,128 
2,286 
1,009 
3,830 
1,931 
4.208 

5,918 
4,613 
7,  936 
3,301 
5,878 
6,246 
3,904 
7,604 
4,903 
6,611 
7,248 
7,831 
8,557 
4,419 
9,553 
8,650 
6,664 
5,811 
4,622 
7,429 
13,  573 
6,635 
5,392 
11,755 
3,794 
4,622 
4,215 
7,073 
7,880 
9,157 
7,831 
4,246 
7,800 
5,760 
9,002 
7,062 
4,415 
8,700 
8,084 
7,728 
3,500 
4,349 
9,872 
9,139 
13,000 
8,308 
6,475 
3,800 
8,257 
3,530 
6,907 
6,665 
6,999 
7,014 
9,912 
3,699 
7,500 
3,311 
12,666 
6,336 
14.059 

o     / 
39  42 
38  54 
36  41 
39  38 
39  34 
40  34 
39  15 
37  46 
39  50 
37  42 
39  46 
40  13 
41  57 
39  46 
40  34 
41  31 
41  22 
41  48 
41  50 
39  26 
36  40 
37  44 
35  41 
38  10 
37  40 
37  35 
37  33 
4032 
40  49 
38  12 
10  18 
39  41 
41  10 
39  43 
41    5 
37  43 
36  23 
38  47 

37  43 

34  50 
35  56 
38  15 
39  22 
38    3 
41  36 
40  30 
36  28 
37  21 
37    8 
40  32 
39  17 
39  53 
39  53 
37  46 
39  10 
38  40 
34     7 
37  58 
35  37 
36  34 

0         t 

120  59 
120  42 
119  00 
121  20 
120  57 
122  38 
120  58 
119  33 
121  21 
119  41 
120  26 
121  22 
120    8 
121  25 
121  20 
122    7 
121  52 
130  49 
122  22 
120  38 
118  30 
119  32 
117    1 
119  23 
120    7 
119  53 
120    4 
122  45 
121  38 
119  47 
121  23 
123  35 
122  40 
121    6 
123  10 
119  32 
121  47 
119  50 

119  29 

118  56 
12020 
119  50 
120  21 
119  15 
120  16 
122  59 
121    5 
119  25 
121  50 
121  19 
120  34 
120  55 
120  57 
119  29 
120  52 
119  43 
118  55 
119  19 
118  27 
118    9 

U.8.G.S. 
Do. 
Whitney. 
U.S.G.S. 
Do. 
Do. 

DO. 

Wheeler. 
U.  S.  G.  S. 
Wheeler. 
U.S.G.S. 
Wheeler. 
Do. 
U.S.G.S. 
Wheeler. 
U.S.G.S. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Whitney. 
Wheeler. 
Do. 
Do. 
U.  S.  G.  S. 
Wheeler. 
U.  S.  G.  S. 
Do. 
Do. 
Wheeler. 
Do. 
U.  S.  C.  and  G.  S. 
U.  S.  G.  S. 
Do. 
U.  S.  C.  and  G.  S. 
Wheeler. 
U.  S.  C.  and  G.  S. 
U.  S.  G.  S. 

Wheeler. 

S.  C.  (Kerr). 
U.  S.  C.  and  G.  S. 
Wheeler. 
U.  S.  G.  S. 
Whitney. 
Wheeler. 
U.  S.  G.  S. 
Whitney. 
Wheeler. 
Whitney. 
Wheeler. 
Do. 
Do. 
C.  S.  G.  S. 
Wheeler. 
U.  S.  G.  S. 
Do. 
Wheeler. 
U.  S.  C.  and  G.  S. 
Wheeler. 
Le  Conte. 

Do 

Do                                                          

Bald  Rock                                                                  

Butte 

Bald  Top                                                  

Sierra  

Shasta 

Banner  Hill                            

Nevada  

Bear  Ranch  Hill  .  .                 

Plumas  

do 

Bid  well  Peak                 

Modoc  

Big  Bar  Hill                                                             

Butte 

Black  Butte                      

Lassen  

Black  Crater                                        .                        

Siskivou 

do 

Kistivnn 

Kern 

Browns  Peak       .  .            

San  Bernardino  

Mono  . 

do. 

Bullion  Peak 

do 

Shasta-Trinitv 

Burney  Butte  

Shasta  

Bust  Rock 

Butte  Mountain   

Plumas  .  .  . 

Callahans  Peak  or  Scott  Mountain  

Siskiyou-Trinity  

Canon  Creek  Peak  or  Scott  Mountain  «  

Trinity  

Cap  of  Liberty 

Carmel  Mountain  

Monterey.   .. 

Cascade  Cliff 

Castac  Lake    

Kern      

Castle  Rock  

Tuolumne  .  . 

Castle  Peak 

Do  

Tuolumne-Mono  

Cedar  Peak 

Chauchelulla  Mountain  ;  Trinitv  

Chiquito  Peak  

Madera.               .   .. 

Choual  Mountain 

Cinder  Cone  

Lassen  

Cisco  Butte 

Claremont  Hill  

Plumas  

Clermont  Hill  

do 

Clouds  Rest  

Mariposa  

Cold  Spring  Hill  

Colorado  Hill 

Conejo  Peak  

Conness  Mountain 

Cnnks  Point.  

Corcoran  (same  as  Sheep)  .  .  . 

Invo.  .  . 

a  Approximate  position. 


CONTROLLING    FACTORS.  19 

TABLE  OF  ELEVATIONS  EXCEEDING  1,000  METERS  (3,281  FEET)  IN  CALIFORNIA — Continued. 


Elevation. 

Authority. 

Meters. 

' 

tude. 
Feet. 

Cose  Peak  Inyo                                     2,  568 

0     r                  Of 

8,  425           36  IS           117  46 
7,633          37  55          119  44 
flkTll  I        40  42          121  35 
4,807          41  53          121  52 
10,015          38  54          120    9 
8,  428          39  28          120    3 
3,985          3827          12032 
8,529          34  12          117  35 
9,538          3823          11953 
5,635           38  54           120  26 
5,340          38  57          120  32 
7,700  ,        39  17           120  26 
6,985           37  32           119  44 
3,849           37  53           121  55 
7.667           40  18           120  38 
10,085  !        38  27  j        119  42 
6,743          41  46          121  39 
5,537          41  46          121    8 
8,263           35    1           118  29 
5,859           37  58           120    7 
7,  177           39    8           120  30 
7,369           40  15           121    1 
5,  115           40  35           120  45 
7,  751          37  44          119  37 
9,933          41  17          120  13 
8,484  :        38  16          119  52 
7,  162          37  45          119  36 
9,  151           41  19           122  30 
3,680          32  55          116  49 
7,  012          37  44          119  38 
9,635           38  41           119  59 
8,  745           39    4           120  11 
7,846  ;        39  42          120  41 
8,  404           39  27           120  33 
7,490          39  45          120  43 
7,532          39  24          120  38 
6,085          4033          121  16 
7,816  i        39  43          120  51 
7,  470          39  29          120  34 
6,688          37  44          119  41 
10,749  i        38  25          119  37 
6,  132          39  46          121    4 
7,995           40  32           120  41 
10,900  1        38  51          119  54 
3,381          3645          12130 
7,  211  :        37  44          119  34 
7,850  :        41  37          121  30 
6,493           34  24           118  11 
13,528  i        37    6          118  50 
4,  697          41  50          120  25 
8,447           41  44           122  14 
10,373          38  12          119  45 
6,  196           39  45           120  59 
5,830  '        41  59          123  31 
6,424          39  50          121  11 
6,804  j        41    8          121  59 
7,687           39  52           120  32 
6,207           37  43           119  33 
11,723           34  10           116  50 
8,028          39    2          120  17 
8,823           37  44           119  32 
4.209          37  20          121  39 
8.875           40  26            121   18 

Wheeler. 
Do. 
U.  S.  G.  S. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Wheeler. 

r.  s.  G.  s. 

Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Wheeler. 
U.  S.  C.  and  G.  8. 
Wheeler. 
Do. 
U.  S.  G.  S. 
Do. 
Wheeler. 
U.  S.  G.  S. 
Do. 
Wheeler. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
U.  S.  G.  8. 
Do. 
Wheeler. 
C.  S.  G.  S. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Wheeler. 

r.  s.  G.  s. 

Do. 
Wheeler. 
Do. 
U.&G.S. 
Do. 
Do. 
Whitney. 
Wheeler. 
C.  S.  G.  S. 
Wheeler. 
Whitney. 
Wheeler. 
U.S.G.S. 
Wheeler. 
U.S.G.S. 
r.S.C.and  G.S. 
U.S.G.S. 
Do. 
Do. 
Wheeler. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
U.S.C.andG.8. 
Whpplpr 

Cotton  wood  Peak  .  .  .  .                                                       Tuolumne                           2,  327 

Crater  Peak                                                                               Shasta                                    2  659 

Cratpr  (Rhptt  Tjikp)                                                                           Modoc                                          1  •165 

Crystal  Peak                                                                        El  Dorado                     :       3  053 

Do  Sierra                                   '569 

Croftsman  Mountain   .           Amador                                 1  214 

Pardanpllp  Cone                                                                                 Tiiolnmnp                                  9  907 

Deer  Knob                                                                           El  Dorado                            1  718 

Devil  Peak  do                   1  628 

Do                                                                                        Placer                                    2  347 

Do  Mariposa    2129 

Diablo  Mountain                                                                Contra  Costa                       1  173 

Disaster  Peak                                                                           Alpine                                    3  075 

Dome  Mountain                                                                  Siskivou       2  055 

DoubleHead  .      .                                  Modoc  1,687 

Double  Peak                                                                        Kern                 '      2518 

Duckwalls  Mountain                                                              Tuolumne  1,786 

Duncan  Peak                                                                       Placer                                  2,118 

Prer  Peak                                                                                 l/ftSs^n-Plumftfl  2,?46 

F«glp  Lflto                                                                                Las-en                                    1  -5.V 

F^glp  pp«t                                                                                Mariposa                                2^3*5? 

Do  Modoc  3,029 

Do                                                                                        Tuolumiu-                             2  ->H> 

Eagle  Tower                                                                             Mariposa  .               2,  183 

Kririv  Wnnn;nin                                                                                           Kfekivnn                          ,,             2,790 

Fl  Cajon  Mountain                                                                                   -"^an  PiPgo                                      1(12? 

El  Capitan       Mariposa  2,137 

Elephants  Back                                                                       Alpine  .                                 2,  937 

Ellis  Mountain                                                                    Placer...                '       2,666 

Flwptt  Mountain                                                                                     '   Plumas                                            2,391 

Fnglieh  Mountain                                                                                   !  JCPVarla.                                  i         2(5fil 

F^reka  Mountain             ...                                               Pl'""««  2,2^3 

FA!!  Crppk  Mountain                                                                         Xprada                                        2,29fi 

Fpathpr  I  jikp                                                                    i  Lassen                     ....1       1  ,  **•*»& 

Fillmore  Mountain                                                                 Sierra                              '       2  382 

Findley  Peak                                                                            Nevada.                                 2,277 

Fire  Place  Bluff  Mariposa  2,039 

Fish  Vallev  Peak                                                                     Mono                                      3,275 

Franklin  Hill                                                                                        Plumas                                        !,»» 

Freel  Peak  .        El  Dorado  3,319 

Gavilan  Peak                                                                       San  Benito                          I  030 

Glacier  Point  .                                                                          Mariposa     .                          2  199 

Glass  Mountain                                                                        Siskivou                      .           ?,393 

Goddard  Mountain                                                                  Fresno                        ...         4,124 

Gonsp  Lakf                                                                                Modoc                                    1  -130 

Gonsp  Xpst  Mountain                                                                               Siskivou      ,                  ?  575 

cirass  Vallpv  Hill                                                                     Plumas                                   1  887 

Grayback  Del  Xorte  1,777 
Grizz'.v  Hill                                                                               Plumas  .                                 1  958 

Grizzlv  Peak  Shasta  2,073 

Do                                                                                        Plumas                                   2,343 

I'"                                                                                        Mariposa                                1,892 

Guide  Peak  Placer  i       2,  447 

Half  Dome                                                                                Mariposa                               2  688 

Hamilton  Mountain  Santa  Clara  1283 

HarknessPeak  ..                                                                 .    Plumas...                             2.705 

20  CLIMATOLOGY  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

TABLE  OP  ELEVATIONS  EXCEEDING  1,000  METERS  (3,281  FEET)  IN  CALIFORNIA — Continued. 


Place. 


Haskells  Peak 

Hat  Peak 

Hawkins  Peak 

Hayden  Hill 

Haystack  Peak 

Hepsidam 

Highland  Peak 

Hoffman  Mountain 

Do 

Hoopah  Mountain 

Hot  Springs  Peak 

Houghs  Peak 

Hulls  Mountain 

Humboldt  Mountain ' 

laqua  Butte 

Ingalls  Mountain 

Indian  Kock 

Iron  Mountain 

Jackson  Mountain 

Jackson  Peak 

Jeff  Davis  Peak 

Jobs  Peak 

Jobs  Sister 

Jura  Mountain 

Kai-al-au-wa  Hill 

Kettle  Rock 

Keystone  Mountain 

King  Peak 

Kivet  Mountain 

Lady  Bug  Peak 

Larrabce  Butte 

Lassen  Peak 


County. 


Elevation. 


Latitude. 


Meters.       Feet. 


Sierra 

Lassen 

Alpine 

Lassen 

Tuolumne 

San  Benito 

Alpine 

Siskiyou 

Tuolumne-Mariposa. . 

Ilumboldt 

Lassen 


Plumas 

Mendocino 

Humboldt 

...do... 


Plumas 

Mariposa . . 
Humboldt . 

Plumas 

Nevada 

Alpine 


.do 


do 

Plumas 

Mariposa  . . 

Plumas 

Sierra 

Humboldt. 
...do... 


Lassie  Moun  tain 

Leaning  Tower 

Leavitte  Peak 

Leek  Spring  Hill 

Leviathan  Peak 

Limestone  Point 

Lincoln  Mountain 

Linn  Mountain 

Little  Antelope  Peak 

Little  Klamath  Lake 

Lola  Mountain 

1. 1 1) MM  Prieta  (Mountain  Bache) 

Lone  Star  Hill 

Lookout  Hill 

Lookout  Peak 

Lovers'  Leap 

Lyell  Mountain 

Maggies  Peaks 

Magee  Peak 

Malurango  Peak 

Markleeville  Peak 

McDonald  Peak 

McGill  Peak 
McKesick  Peak 
McKinstry  Peak 
Mocho  Mountain 
Mokelumn* 
Mono  Pass.. 
Moore  Hill  . 
Needle  Peak 


Sierra 

Humboldt 

Shasta-Tehama-Pl  u- 
mas. 

Humboldt-Trinity 

Mariposa 

Tuolumne 

Eldorado 

Alpine 

Plumas 

Placer 

Tehama 

Mono 

Siskiyou 

Nevada... 


Santa  Clara. 
Inyo 


do.... 

Alpine 

Eldorado . 

Fresno 

Eldorado . 

Shasta 

Inyo 


Alpine. 
Lassen . 
Ventura . 


>eak  

Placer-Eldorado 

Peak  

Amador 

Invo... 

2,477 
2,338 
3,068 
1,940 
3,008 
1,35V 
3,339 
2,444 
3,314 
1,234 
2,344 
2,210 
2,107 
1,013 
1,091 
2,586 
2,579 
1,238 
2,019 
2,557 
2,743 
3,231 
3,299 
1,920 
2,734 
2,392 
2,115 
1,300 
1,274 
2,548 
1,225 
3,181 

1,794 
1,777 
3,522 
2,329 
2,739 
1,771 
2,561 
2,623 
2,863 
1,273 
2,794 
1,156 
1,497 
1,284 
2,926 
2,129 
4,028 
2,659 
2,284 
2,696 
2,885 
2,424 
2,808 
2,159 
2,413 
1,245 
2,856 
3,281 
1,398 
•2.  160 


8,126 
7,676 

10,060 
6,367 
9,867 
4,438 

10,955 
8,018 

10,872 
4,050 
7,692 
7,254 
6,914 
3,325 
3,580 
8,484 
8,462 
4,060 
6,625 
8,390 
9,000 

10,600 

10, 820 
6,300 
8,969 
7,849 
6,938 
4,265 
4,180 
8,361 
4,020 

10, 437 

5,885 
5,830 

11,553 
7,640 
8,985 
6,811 
8,403 
8,604 
9,392 
4,175 
9,167 
3,793 
4,911 
4,214 
9,600 
6,985 

13, 217 
8,725 
7,494 
8,844 
9,465 
7,9&4 
9,214 
7,083 
7,918 
4,085 
9,371 

10,765 
4,588 
7,086 


39  40 
41  4 
38  44 
41  0 
38  6 

36  19 

38  33 
41  37 

37  52 
41  5 

40  22 
40  3 

39  31 

40  59 
40  40 
3959 

37  47 
39  48 
39  51 

39  27 

38  38 
38  51 

38  51 

40  4 
37  46 
40  8 

39  32 

40  9 

41  14 

39  29 

40  25 
40  30 

40  20 

37  43 

38  16 

38  37 
3841 

39  51 

39  18 

40  1 

38  20 

41  55 

39  26 

37  7 
36  13 

36  14 

38  31 
38  48 
37 

38  56 

40  45 
30  6 

38  39 
40  56 

34  48 
40  10 

39  2 

37  29 

38  32 
37  51 
37  26 

35  55 


Authority. 


120  33 
120  5 

119  52 

120  50 

119  41 

120  49 
119  45 

121  32 

119  30 
12347 

120  7 
120  53 

122  57 

123  58  ! 
123  52 
120  38 

119  33 

123  29 

120  39 
120  33 
119  53 
119  52 

119  53 

120  48 

119  39 

120  44 
120  40 

124  7 
123  46 

120  3 
12342 

121  30 

123  33 
119  38 

119  41 

120  17 

119  36 

120  54 

120  20 

122  47 

119  37 

121  44 

120  22 

121  51 
117  26 

117  26 

119  52 

120  8 

118  80 

120  7 

121  33 
117  30 

119  54 

120  25 

119  8 

120  15 

120  21 

121  33 
120  6 

119  11 

120  1 
117  7- 


Wheeler. 

Do. 
U.  S.  G.  S. 

Do. 

Wheeler. 
U.S.C.andG.S. 
U.S.G.S. 

Do. 

Whitney. 
U.  S.  C.  and  G.  8. 
Wheeler. 
U.S.G.S. 
U.S.C.andG.S. 

Do. 

Do. 

U.S.G.S. 
Wheeler. 
U.S.C.andG.S. 
U.  S.  G.  S. 
Wheeler. 
U.S.G.S. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Wheeler. 
U.S.G.S. 

Do. 
U.  S.  C.  and  G.  S. 

Do. 

U.S.G.S. 
U.  S.  C.  and  G.  S. 
Wheeler. 

U.S.C.andG.S. 
Wheeler. 

Do. 
U.S.G.S. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Wheeler. 
U.S.G.S. 

Do. 

U.  S.  C.  and  G.  S. 
Wheeler. 

Do. 
U.S.G.S. 

Do. 

Whitney. 
U.S.G.S. 

Do. 

Wheeler. 
U.  S. G.  S. 
Wheeler. 

Do. 

Do. 

U.S.G.S. 
U.  S.  C.  and  G.  S. 
U.  S.  G.  S. 
Whitney. 
Wheeler. 

Do. 


CONTROLLING    FACTORS. 


21 


TABLE  OF  ELEVATIONS  EXCEEDING  1,000  METERS  (3,281  FEBT)  is  CALIFORNIA — Continued. 


Place. 


Elevation. 


County. 


Meters. 


Feet. 


SicholsPoint '  Kern ;  1,900 

Nipple Alpine 2,862 

Noble  Pass Shasta 1,818 

North  Dome Mariposa 2,294 

North  Peak  (Diablo) Santa  Clara.).] 1,095 

Observation  Peak Lasscn .'..; 2,441 

Olc»ttPeak San  Bernardino 2,248 

Old  Baldy.  or  San  Antonio  Peak Los  Angeles 3,085 

Old  Man  Mountain Sierra 2,377 

Om jumnin  Peat !  Plumas ,  2, 528 

Ophir  Mountain Inyo j  1,848 

Oso  Mountain Stanislaus 1, 031 

12  482 
2, 486 

Pah-utePeak Inyo 2,543 

Paxtoa „ Mendocino 1,041 

Penmen  Peak Plumas 2.219 

Pierce  Mountain Humboldt 999 

Pike  Co.  Peak Yuba 1,120 

Pilot  Hill Plumas 1,889 

Pilot  Knob San  Bernardino 1,684 

Pilot  Peak Plnmas-Sierra 2,289 

Do Mariposa 1,836 

Pinto  Peak Inyo 2,215 

Preston  Peak Del  Korte 2,142 

Profile  Cliff Mariposa 2,262 

Promontory  Point |  Tehama 1, 105 

Pyramid  Peak Eldorado 3,054 

Do j  Inyo i  2,059 

Rainbow  Mountain Humboldt '  1,046 

Rattlesnake  Butte i  Modoc 1,516 

Raymond  Peak Alpine 3,072 

Red  Lake  Peak Eldorado 3,033 

Red  Mountain  (Signal  Peak) Placer 2,396 

Red  Peak Eldorado 2,119 

Relief  Peak Tuolumne 3,300 

Rhett  (orTule)  Lake Siskiyou 1,263 

Richardson's  Peak Eldorado 3,021 

Richardson Tuolumne 2. 985 

Rickey's  Teak Mono 3,043 

Robb'sPeak Eldorado 2,050 

Rocky  Butte San  Luis  Obispo 1,055 

Round  Mountain Shasta ;  1, 048 

Round  Top  or  Alpine  Peak Amador 3,179 

RubiconPeak Eldorado 2,802 

Saddle  Back  Mountain Sierra 2,060  j 

Saddle  Mountain Eldorado 1,599 

St.  Helena  Mountain Sonoma-Lake 1, 322 

San  Antonio  Peak Los  Angeles 3, 085 

San  Bernardino  Peak San  Bernardino 3,078 

San  Carlos  Peak San  Benito 1.517 

San  Fernando  Peak Los  Angeles 1,156 

San  Gabriel  Peak do 1,900 

San  Jose  Mountain '  San  Luis  Obispo 1,151 

Santa  Alia San  Benito 1,101 

Santa  Lucia Monterey 1,788 

Sand  Mountain Eldorado 1,464 

Sanhedrim Mendocino ...I  1,890  I 

Sauel  Mountain do 1,026 

Saw  Mill  Peak Butte 1,021 


6,233 
9,390 
5,963 
7,525 
3,593 
8,009 
7,374 

10,120 
7,800 
8,293 
6,063 
3,383 
8,142 
8,157 
8,344 
3,414 
7,280 
3,278 
3,675 
6,198 
5,525 
7,509 
6,024 
7,265 
7,028 
7,425 
3,627 

10,020 
6,754 
3,432 
4,973 

10,075 
9.950 
7,860 
6,952 

•_ 

4,143 
9,910 
9,794 
9,983 
6,725 
3,462 
3,439 

10,430 
9,193 
6,760 
5,245 
4,337 

10,120 

10,100 
4,977 
3,793 
6,232 
3,777 
3,613 
5,867 
4,802 
6,199 
3,365 
3,351 


Latitude. 


:    Longi- 
tude. 


Authority. 


35  37 
3839 
40  34 
37  45 
37  24 
40  46 
3559 

34  16 
39  22 
39  56 

36  17 

37  30 

37  41 

35  29 
39  8 

39  49 

40  25 
39  28 
39  45 

35  23 
39  47 

37  45 

36  26 

41  45 

37  43 

39  59 

38  50 
3623 

40  25 

41  27 

38  35 

38  43 

39  15 
:t9 

38  14 
41  55 
3853 
38  5 
38  15 
3856 
3540 

40  46 
3839 

38  59 

39  38 
38  51 
3840 
34  17 
34  11 
36  26 
34  20 

34  15 

35  19  ; 


36  54 
36  9 

38  52 

39  31 

38  57 

39  49 


HI  -. 
119  56 
121  36 

119  34 
121  53 

120  10 
11524 
117  39 
12031 

120  16 
117  36 

121  21 


Wheeler. 
C.S.G.S. 
Wheeler. 

Do. 

Whitney. 
Wheeler. 

Do. 

Do. 

U.S.G.S. 
Wheeler. 

Do. 
Whitnev. 


119  36     Wheeler. 


119  22 

123  19 

120  36 

124  8 

121  12 
120  30 
117  14 

120  52 
119  56 
117  20 

123  33 

119  36 

121  44 

120  10 

116  37 

124  10 
120  45 

119  50 
11959 

120  32 

120  21 

119  44 

121  30 

120  9 
119  41 

119  23 

120  24 

121  4 
121  58 
120 
120  8 
120  51 
120  35 
12238 

117  39 
11756 
120  39 

118  36 
118  6 

120  16 

121  14 
121  25 
12040 
123  6 
123  13 
121  33 


Do. 

U.S.C.andG.S. 
C.S.G.S. 
U.S.C.andG.S. 
U.S.G.S. 

Do. 

Wheeler. 
l\S.G.S. 
Wheeler. 

Do. 

U.  S.  C.  and  G.  S. 
Wheeler. 
U.8.G.S. 

Do. 

Wheeler. 
U.S.C.andG.& 
U.S.G.S. 

Do. 

Do. 

U.S.C.andG.S. 
T.S.G.S. 
Wheeler. 
U.S.G.S. 

Do. 
Wheeler. 

Do. 

U.S.G.S. 
U.S.C.andG.S. 
U.S.G.S. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

U.S.C.andG.S. 
Wheeler. 

Do. 

Whitney. 
Wheeler. 

Do. 
U.S.C.andG.S. 

Da 

Do. 

U.S.G.S. 
U.S.C.andG.S. 

Do. 
U.S.G.S. 


22  CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 

TABLE  OP  ELEVATIONS  EXCEEDING  1,000  METERS  (3,281  FEET)  IN  CALIFORNIA — Continued. 


Place. 

County. 

Elevation. 

Latitude. 

Longi- 
tude. 

Authority. 

Meters. 

Feet. 

2,377 
2,744 
2,476 
3,004 
2,092 
f      4,863 
(      4,402 
4,285 
2,325 
2,626 
2,396 
3,543 
1,580 
3,333 
1,193 
4,084 
2,220 
2,453 
2,134 
2,933 
3,499 
2,257 
2,148 
2,204 
1,161 
2,731 
3,390 
2,768 
3,079 
1,833 
1,110 
1,158 
1,905 
1,055 
2,533 
1,009 
3,589 
1,895 
1,717 
1,169 
2,128 
1,897 
2,982 
2,239 
2,456 
1,611 
1,143 
3,333 
2,781 
1,011 
3.008 
2,363 
2,743 
1,567 
1,678 
2,749 
2,065 
1,239 

7,800 
9,202 
8,122 
9,856 
6,864 
14,350 
14,444 
14,059 
7,628 
8,615 
7,860 
11,623 
6,183 
10,935 
3,915 
13,400 
7,285 
8,048 
7,000 
9,623 
11,479 
7,406 
7,047 
7,231 
3,810 
8,960 
11,123 
9,080 
10,100 
6,014 
3,643 
3,799 
6,250 
3,462 
8,311 
3,309 
11,  778 
6,217 
5,619 
3,836 
6,980 
6,225 
9,785 
7,345 
8,056 
5,285 
3,750 
10,938 
9,125 
3,318 
9,870 
7,752 
9,000 
5,142 
5,505 
9,020 
6,775 
4,065 

,      41  10 
41    5 
37  43 
36    6 
40  27 

41  25 

36  34 
40  41 
39  36 
39  20 
36  50 
37  26 
38  33 
38  49 
37  31 
38  53 
39  15 
39  23 
38  15 
38  21 
41    9 
39  56 
39  56 
40    6 
39  11 
38  23 
37  42 
38  44 
34  14 
35  37. 
39    2 
41  21 
38  46 
39  42 
39  31 
38  26 
39  58 
39  31 
41  44 
39  42 
39  00 
38  54 
40  00 
35    2 
35  00 
34  55 
36  10 
38  57 
37  40 
38  40 
40  15 
41    1 
41  37 
41  45 
39  15 
40    5 
41  30 

o       / 
122  40 
123  10 
119  35 
117    5 
120  21 

122  12 

118    9 
120  14 
120  39 
120  31 
118  20 
119  45 
119  45 
120  41 
118  56 
120  17 
120  28 
122  45 
119  45 
119  38 
120  33 
121    8 
121  14 
123  41 
120  16 
119  40 
119  31 
119  59 
117  15 
118  46 
120  44 
122  20 
122  51 
120    8 
121  18 
119  18 
121  25 
120  51 
122  17 
120  53 
120  00 
120    6 
120  49 
118  35 
119  30 
118  65 
117  05 
120  15 
120  00 
120    4 
120  33 
123    1 
120  45 
120  45 
120  18 
122  47 
323  56 

U.S.G.S. 
U.  S.  C.  and  G.  S. 
Wheeler. 
Do. 
Do. 
JU.S.G.S. 
[Whitney. 
Le  Conte. 
Wheeler. 
U.S.G.S. 
Do. 
Whitney. 
Wheeler. 
U.S.G.S. 
Do. 
Whitney. 
U.S.G.S. 
Do. 
U.S.C.andG.S. 
U.S.G.S. 
Wheeler. 
U.S.G.S. 
Do. 
Do. 
U.S.C.andG.S. 
U.S.G.S. 
Wheeler. 
Do. 
U.S.G.S. 
Wheeler. 
Do. 
U.S.G.S. 
Do. 
U.S.C.andG.S. 
Wheeler. 
U.S.G.S. 
Wheeler. 
U.  S.  G.  S. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Wheeler. 
Whitney. 
S.C.  (Kerr). 
Wheeler. 
U.S.G.S. 
Do. 
Do. 
Wheeler. 
U.S.G.S. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
Do. 
U.  S.  C.  and  G.  S. 

Trinity 

Sentinel  Peak                                                      

Shaffer  Peak      

Sierra  Butte                                                

Sierra 

Tulare 

Mariposa-Madera  — 

Silver  Peak                          .              

Slate  Peaks                                .   .  .   .        

Slick  Rock 

Glenn 

Sonora  Peak  

Mono  

South  Fork  Peak   .                           

Spanish  Bluff 

Plumas 

do                 

Kern 

Do                                       

Do 

Si^kivou 

Sunset  Hill                             

Butte            

Butte        

Do 

Sierra 

Table  Rock                     .      .                      .         

Siskivou  

Sierra 

Tahoe  Lake  <•                                     .         ...        

Placer-Eldorado  

Taylor  Rock                      .        .              . 

Plumas  

Tejon  Passrf                          

San  Luis  Obispo  

Tells  Peak 

Texas  Hill 

Thimble  Peak  

Eldorado  

Trinity          

.     .do     

Tehama  

Toorup  Mountain  ,  . 

DelNorte  

a  A  series  of  barometer  observations  placed  Mount  Shasta  14,511  feet  (4, 423  meters),  but  results  above  are  more  reliable. 

6 Sheep  Mountain,  also  called  Whitney  No.  1  and  Mount  Corcoran. 

c  Portion  of  Lake  Tahoe  is  in  Nevada. 

rf  A  high  ridge  in  Kern  County  near  Tehachapi  Peak  is  erroneously  called  Tejon  Pass. 

'Sometimes  called  Stewarts  Fork  Peak. 


CONTROLLING    FACTORS.  23 

TABLE  OF  ELEVATIONS  EXCEEDING  1,000  METEBS  (3,281  FEET)  is  CALIFORNIA — Continued. 


Place.                                                      County. 

Elevation. 

Latitude. 

Longi- 
tude. 

Authority. 

Meters. 

Feet. 

1,063 
3,546 
2,376 
2,056 
1,920 
2,720 
1,530 
1,433 
4,279 
1,046 
1,917 
2,268 
2,641 
2,947 
1,785 
2,499 
2,470 
2,336 
4,426 
4,410 
2,156 

4,090 
4,350 
1,814 

3,554 
11,634 
7,794 
6,747 
6,299 
8,924 
5,020 
4,700 
14,038 
3,430 
6,290 
7,440 
8,665 
9,668 
5,856 
8,200 
8,102 
7,665 
14,522 
14,470 
7,069 

13,415 
14,245 
5,950 

0       / 

36  31 
i 

38    9 
40  00 
3752 
41  23 
39    7 

J      36    3 

36  39 
37  10 
37  44 
37  27 
39    9 
41  22 
37  44 
37  46 
39  28 
39  51 
36  35 
3635 
34  36 

37  38 
37  38 
34  13 

O       ' 

121  37 
11931 
120  47 
11929 
121    7 
120  14 

121  29 

118  10 
121  53 
119  35 
119  31 
12015 
120  13 
119  34 
119  31 
120  26 
120  31 
118  20 
118  20 
119    8 

118  15 
118  15 
118    5 

U.S.C.andG.S. 
Wheeler. 
U.S.G.S. 
Wheeler. 
C.8.G.S. 
Do. 

U.S.C.andG.8. 

LeConte. 
Do. 
Wheeler. 
Do. 
C.S.G.S. 
Wheeler. 
Do. 
Do. 
C.S.G.S. 
Wheeler. 
Langley. 
Wheeler. 
Do. 

U.S.C.andG.8. 
Do. 
Do. 

Turret  Peak    Modoc  

Twin  Peaks                                                                 .        Placer 

Trndall  Mountain   Tulare  ...               ..... 

Wamelo  Rock                                                                           Madera 

Wards  Peak                                                      .    .               Placer 

Warren  Peak          Modoc  

Webber  Peak                                                                       Sierra 

Wellington  P^a  t                               .....  Plumbs 

Whitnev  Mountain"                                                       1   ^5"°  

I   Tiilare 

White  Granite  Peak                                                            Ventura 

White  Mountains: 
Mount  McBride  Mono  

South  Peak                                                                          do 

Wilson  b                                Los  Angeles  

c  This  is  the  peak  formerly  known  as  Fisherman's. 


t>  Approximate  elevation.— Prof.  E.  C.  Pickering. 


SUPPLEMENTARY  TABLE  OF  ELEVATIONS  DETERMINED  BY  JOSEPH  N.  LE  CONTE,  JULY  AND  AUGUST,  1903. 


Flace. 


Feet. 


Place. 


Feet. 


Place. 


Feet. 


Williamson                                  

14,396     Split  .  !    14,076  !   Middle  Palisade  

14,000 
14,212 
13,784 
13,988 
13,352 
13,625 
13,777 
13,822 
12,331 
12,133 
12,925 
13,185 
12,875 
12,684 
13,030 
13,178 
12,704 
13,875 
12,240 
12,425 
11,229 
12,955 
9,103 
7,768 

Sill 

14  128      Keith                                                            14,015      Jordan 

13,985      Tvndall  ..                                                    14038      Darwin      .             

13  916     Goddard                                                   13  532     Stanford 

13,629     Goat  Mountain                                        12,206     North  Guard            

13  573      Peak  south  of  Brewer                               13  576  j  Table 

13,679      Milestone                                                     13655      Xo.  1  Kaweah                 

Xo  2  Kaweah                           

13,  825      Xo.  3  Kaweah    ...       .            13,  872      Mount  Kaweah  

Red  Spur  

12  786      Saw  Tooth                                                   12  345      Gu  vot       .  .                        

13  416      Cirque  Peak                                                1»  942      Olancha 

14059      LeConte                                                  13983     Lone  Pine  Peak  .  

White  Mountain  Peak 

14,273      Railroad  Station                          .        .•      3,727      Pinchot    

13608      \rrowPeak                                                 12948      King                                               

12928     Barnard.    .  .                                          13525     East  Vidette  

13  334      Rixford                                                        12,  906      Gould                                           

High  peak  on  Wood's  Creek 

13127      Pvramid  Peak                           ..        .     13,767     Striped           

12,  775     Table  Palisades  13,  504      Peak  Marion  

12602      Agassiz  Xeedle                      .                     13,747      Dusv  Peak  

Flat  peak  on  head  Middle  Fork  

13  520     Devil's  Crag                                             12  595     Woodworth                               

13  088     Scvlla  12,948  !;  Blue  Can  von  Peak  

9587      Peak  at  junction  of  King**                         9439      Mount  Sillman  Cliff               

11  tjf      Avalanche  Peak                                         n  "fi»      Om««  Mountain 

13049     Harrison  Pa<*s                                          12720     Sphinx  (head  of)     

9180     Palmer  10,  128     Tehipitee  Dome  

CLIMATE  OF   NORTH   AND   CENTRAL   COAST. 

CLIMATOLOGY  OF    EUREKA,  AND  WEATHER    CONDITIONS  ALONG  THE   COAST  OF  NORTH- 
ERN CALIFORNIA. 


By  Mr.  A.  H.  BELL,  Observer,  Weather  Bureau. 

The  city  of  Eureka  stands  on  the  south  shore  of  Humboldt  Bay  about  7  miles  from  the 
entrance  and  some  215  miles  from  San  Francisco,  latitude  north  40°  48'  and  longitude  west 
124°  11'.  A  few  miles  east  of  the  city  we  have  the  forest-covered  foothills  of  the  coast  range, 
while  on  the  west  the  shore  is  washed  by  the  Pacific  Ocean. 

Equable  and  apparently  health-giving  is  Eureka's  climate.  Since  establishment  of  the  sta- 
tion the  highest  recorded  temperature  is  84°  and  tb.3  lowest  30°  above.  Fogs  and  overcast  skies 
prevail  at  all  seasons  along  the  coast.  They  preserve  a  uniform  temperature  and  a  humid  atmos- 
phere, and,  to  a  large  extent,  determine  the  character  of  our  industries  and  productions.  In 
summer,  however,  cloudless  skies  and  a  high  temperature  are  characteristics  of  the  higher  lati- 
tudes and  of  the  region  east  of  the  redwood  belt.  From  October  until  April  is  the  rainy  season, 
but  the  wet  period  is  by  no  means  a  season  of  continuous  precipitation.  Sometimes  a  rainy  sea- 
son will  embrace  much  pleasant  weather.  While  the  prevailing  winds  are  in  summer  northerly, 
seldom  indeed  do  they  attain  the  velocity  of  a  gale,  usually  rising  before  noon  and  subsiding 
before  nightfall.  These  winds  are  extremely  liable  to  ensue  on  two  or  three  consecutive  days. 
In  winter,  on  the  other  hand,  the  prevailing  winds  are  southeasterly. 

Humboldt  Bay  has  a  varying  width  of  from  half  a  mile  to  -i  miles  and  a  length  of  14  miles, 
and  possesses  a  tidal  area  of  about  28  square  miles.  It  lies  nearly  parallel  with  the  coast,  and 
between  it  and  the  ocean  there  intervenes  a  sand  peninsula  with  a  width  of  from  one-fourth 
mile  to  H  miles.  So  narrow  is  the  entrance  and  so  peculiar  are  its  relations  to  the  body  of  water 
within — in  other  words  so  completely  landlocked  is  our  harbor — that  tempestuous  weather  outside 
affects  it  very  little. 

MEAN  MONTHLY  AND  ANNUAL  TEMPERATURE   (DEGREES  FAHRENHEIT). 


Year.                           Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr.      May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1887                                                          46.  6 

41.0 

49.3 

48.5        51.9 

52.4 

52.5 

54.7 

54.0 

53.0 

50.5 

47.7 

50.2 

1888                                  .             ...       44.6 

48.4 

47.7 

50.9        53.5 

59.4 

58.0 

57.4 

57.4 

54.6 

51.2 

52.2 

52.9 

1889                                                          46  9 

48.2 

52.2 

53.2        54.8 

55.0 

55.6 

55.4 

56.0 

56.2 

53.2 

46.6 

52.8 

1890                                   .             ..       42.2 

44.4 

46.9 

49.0        54.0 

55.2 

56.7 

55.8 

53.2 

5L6 

50.0* 

48.4 

50.6 

1891                 48.0 

45.4 

49.0 

50.9        53.2 

56.4 

56.0 

59.4 

56.7 

54.1 

52.4 

45.4 

52.2 

MR.                                                         48  0 

47.8 

48.6 

49.0        52.8 

53.6 

55.4 

56.2 

56.2 

53.6 

49.6 

46.6 

51.4 

1893.  .                                                       44  ~ 

45.2 

47.8 

47.8        51.4 

53.7 

55.9 

55.2 

56.0 

51.4 

50.9 

47.4 

50.6 

1894                                                          45.  6 

43.6 

46.4 

48.6         51.0 

54.4 

54.4 

57.3 

56.0 

53.9 

50.7 

46.0 

50.7 

1895....                                                    4i',.  4 

49.4 

47.9 

49.8        53.0 

52.8 

56.0 

51.0 

53.7 

52.0 

48.8 

46.8 

'     50.9 

1896                                                          50.0 

48.4 

50.0 

48.3        51.5 

54.0 

57.2 

59.9 

55.  G 

52.6 

49.1 

51.0 

52.3 

1897  48.1 

47.2 

45.2 

51.0        52.8 

55.8 

55.8 

56.5 

55.2 

53.8 

49.4 

48.6 

51.6 

189*                                                               44  0 

50.0 

45.6 

48.8        50.4 

56.3 

54.6 

55.9 

53.0 

53.9 

48.3 

46.2 

50.8 

1899  47.5 

44.4 

48.0 

48.2        49.6 

52.0 

54.8 

55.9 

54.8 

52.0 

55.9 

48.0 

50.9 

1900                                                        '      50.  4 

48.6 

50.5 

50.5        54.4 

56.2 

56.4 

57.0 

56.6 

53.8 

53.3 

50.8 

53.2 

Mean                      •      46.6 

46.6 

4S.2 

49.  6         Z2.4 

54.8 

"=>  7 

53.3 

51  0 

4S.O 

51  5 

25 


26 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 
SUMMARY  OP  MONTHLY  MEANS  AND  EXTREMES  OF  TEMPERATURE. 


Month. 

Highest  monthly 
mean. 

Lowest  monthly 
mean. 

Absolute  maxi- 
mum. 

Absolute  mini- 
mum. 

Greatest 
daily 
range. 

Mean 
daily 
range. 

Mean 
varia- 
bility. 

Date. 

Tempera- 
ture. 

Date. 

Tempera- 
ture. 

Date. 

Tempera- 
ture. 

Date. 

Tempera- 
ture. 

1900 
1898' 
1889 
1889 
1889 
1888 
1888 
1896 
1888 
1889 
1889 
1888 

60.4 
50.0 
52.2 
53.2 
54.8 
59.4 
58.0 
59.9 
57.4 
56.2 
53.2 
52.2 

1890 
1887 
1897 
1893 
1899 
1899 
1887 
1895 
1890 
1893 
1898 
1891 

42.2 
41.0 
45.2 
47.8 
49.6 
52.0 
52.5 
54.0 
53.2 
51.4 
48.3 
45.4 

26,1888 
2,  1898 
26,1895 
26,  1891 
24,  1890 
17,  1898 
16,1888 
27,  1894 
17,  1897 
5,  1897 
16,  1895 
15,  1891 

77.0 
70.0 
75.0 
73.0 
78.0 
75.0 
73.0 
79.0 
82.0 
84.0 
74.0 
70.0 

14,1888 
4,1899 
3,1896 
5,  1895 
1,1887 
26,  1887 
15,1887 
31,  1890 
22,  1895 
17,  1893 
27,  1896 
22,  1895 

20.0 
24.0 
29.0 
31.0 
35.0 
40.0 
43.0 
45.0 
36.0 
38.0 
27.0 
30.0 

25.0 
29.0 
24.0 
25.0 
26.0 
18.0 
14.0 
18.0 
22.0 
34.0 
26.0 
24.0 

12.2 
12.7 
12.0 
11.3 
10.0 
10.0 
9.0 
9.0 
11.2 
12.2 
12.6 
12.6 

3.1 
2.5 
2.4 
2.4 
1.9 
1.6 
1.3 
1.6 
2.2 
2.5 
2.9 
2.8 

February  

April  

Mav       .  . 

June  

July                        .        ... 

September. 

18% 

59.9 

1887 

41.0 

a!897 

84.0 

61888 

20.0 

34.0 

11.2 

2.3 

a  October  5. 


6  January  14. 


WEATHER. 


Month. 

Average  number  of  days. 

Month. 

Average  number  of  days. 

Clear. 

Partly 
cloudy. 

Cloudy. 

Rainy. 

Clear. 

Partly 
cloudy. 

Cloudy. 

Rainy. 

6 
6 
6 
6 
7 
8 
9 

10 
10 
11 
11 
12 
13 
13 

15 
13 
14 
12 
12 
8 
10 

17 
15 
16 
13 
11 
7 
1 

7 
9 

9 
8 

7 

13 
12 
11 

10 
9 

11 

9 
11 
12 
15 

2 
5 
10 
13 
16 

February  

September  

March 

November  

Mav 

June  

88 

135 

142 

126 

Julv           .   .                 

MONTHLY,  ANNUAL,  AND  SEASONAL  PRECIPITATION  (INCHES  AND"  HUNDREDTHS). 

[The  capital  letter  "T"  indicates  the  rainfall  was  but  a  trace  and  was  too  small  to  measure.    The  total  rainfall  for  tbe  seasons  are  the 

totals  from  July  1  of  one  year  to  June  30  of  the  next  year.] 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Season 
of— 

Seasonal. 

Annual. 

1887 

8  86 

9  07 

2  28 

5  65 

3  51 

1  92 

0  06 

0  07 

0  21 

0  55 

2  66 

5  43 

•40  17 

1888 

12  95 

1.98 

4  09 

1  05 

0.76 

4.66 

0.44 

T. 

0.06 

1.15 

3.41 

5.93 

1887-88 

34.78 

36  48 

1889  

4.25 

1.93 

5.91 

3.49 

7.20 

0.37 

0.15 

0.13 

0.32 

8.36 

3.71 

12.88 

1888-89 

33.98 

48.70 

1890  
1891  

18.26 
3.33 

13.88 
9.81 

11.57 
5.83 

2.26 
6.37 

1.71 
1.55 

0.87 
'1.53 

0.08 
0.29 

0.02 
0.31 

0.79 
1.45 

0.44 
1.64 

0.18 
2.72 

5.48 
10.97 

1889-90 
1890-91 

73.92 
35.91 

55.  54 
45.80 

1892  

3.29 

2.53 

5.32 

5.54 

3.63 

0.45 

0.00 

0.09 

0.99 

2.90 

8.19 

6.55 

1891-92 

37.63 

39.48 

1893  

3.65 

6.27 

10.59 

7.16 

2.43 

0.33 

0.00 

0.00 

2.39 

4.33 

9.87 

6.69 

1892-93 

49.06 

53.71 

1894 

12  38 

6.13 

7.46 

2.97 

1.31 

1.67 

0.02 

0.04 

1.84 

3.12 

2.03 

12.31 

1893-94 

55  26 

51  28 

1895  * 

9.37 

3.60 

5.31 

2.88 

5.39 

0.06 

0.23 

0.11 

3.14 

0.05 

3.88 

7.50 

1894-95 

46.25 

41.52 

1896     . 

8  14 

4  61 

6.93 

11.13 

6.22 

0.51 

0.00 

0.70 

1.60 

2.37 

8.00 

9.41 

1895-% 

52.81 

59  62 

1897 

3  04 

11  23 

9  85 

2  55 

0  75 

1  60 

0  03 

0  15 

1  05 

2.63 

5  44 

6.18 

1896-97 

50  58 

44  50 

1898  

3.23 

8.00 

1.80 

2.78 

2.62 

1.21 

T. 

O.C6 

1.48 

2.13 

4.43 

3.17 

1897-98 

35.00 

30  91 

1899 

6  50 

5  03 

8  53 

1  91 

1  73 

0  75 

0  00 

0  42 

0.88 

4  28 

14  80 

7  05 

1898-99 

36  08 

51  88 

1900  

6.63 

6.04 

3.42 

4.43 

2.08 

1.70 

T. 

0.07 

0.21 

7.07 

8.06 

5.27 

18C9-1900 

51.33 

44.98 

Average   for   14 
years  

7.42 

6.44 

6.35 

4.29 

2.92 

1.26 

0.09 

0.16 

1.17 

2.92 

5.53 

7.49 

45.  59 

•46.04 

CLIMATE    OF    NORTH    AND    CENTRAL    COAST. 


27 


FIG.  i.— Seasonal  rainfall  at  Eureka,  Cal.,  from  1SS7  to  1901. 


28 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 


DATES  OF  FIRST  AND  LAST  LIGHT  AND  KILLING  FROSTS,  WITH  LOWEST  TEMPERATURE. 

[Record  began  January  1, 1887.] 


Year. 

•  « 

First  light  frost  of  sea- 
son. 

First  killing  frost  of  sea- 
son. 

Last  light  frost  of  sea-     Last  killing  frost  of  sea- 
son,                                      son. 

Date. 

Minimum 
tempera- 
ture. 

Date. 

Minimum 
tempera- 
ture. 

Date. 

Minimum 
tempera- 
ture. 

Date. 

Minimum 
tempera- 
ture. 

1887-S8  

°f. 

»f. 

May   11,1888 
Mar.  21,1889 
Apr.  14,1890 
Apr.  11,1891 
Apr.  26,1892 
Apr.  18,1893 
May  16,1894 
Apr.  18,1895 
May  12,1896 
Apr.     7,  1897 
May    7,  1898 
June    6*1899 
May  27,1900 
June  12,1901 

•j>. 

44 
39 
35 
40 
38 
36 
36 
38 
38 
36 
39 
40 
43 
42 

Mar.  27,1888 
Feb.  19,1889 
Mar.  11,1890 
Mar.  29,1891 
Apr.     4,  1892 
Apr.     8,  1893 
Mar.  22,1894 
Apr.     5,  1895 
Mar.  31,1896 
Mar.  30,1897 
Mar.  22,1898 
Feb.    7,  1899 

0  F. 
38 
34 
31 
34 
36 
33 
36 
31 
31 
32 
30 
33 

1888-89  

Nov.    4,1888 
Sept.  13,  1889 
Oct.      3,  1890 
Sept.  30,  1891 
Oct.    17,1892 
Oct.    17,1893 
Nov.  13,1894 
Aug.    8,  1895 
Sept.  13,1896 
Oct.    15,1897 
Oct.    24,1898 
Oct.    14,1899 
Oct.      6,1900 

38 
40 
40 
43 
40 
38 
46 
46 
43 
39 
41 
39 
43 

Nov.  27,1888 
Dec.  11,1889 
Nov.    7,1890 
Dec.     5,  1891 
Nov.  17,1892 
Nov.  17,1893 
Dec.   10,1894 
Nov.  23,1895 
Nov.  27,1896 
Dec.   19,1897 
Nov.  25,1898 
Dec.   13,1899 

35 
34 
35 
34 
37 
35 
36 
32 
27 
32 
34 
35 

1889-90 

1890-91  . 

1891-92 

1892-93  

1893-94 

1894-95  

1895-9G 

1896-97  

1897-S8 

1898-99  

1899-1900  

1900-1901  

April   7,1901                     34 

In  the  table  below  will  be  found  the  greatest  monthly  precipitation  and  date;  least  monthly 
precipitation  and  date;  number  of  times  monthly  precipitation  has  exceeded  the  normal  in 
fourteen  years: 


Number  of  times 

Number  of 

times 

Greatest  monthly 
precipitation. 

Least  monthly 
precipitation. 

precipitation 
has  exceeded 
normal  in  14 

Greatest  monthly 
precipitation. 

Least  monthly 
precipitation. 

precipitation 
has  exceeded 
normal  in  14 

years. 

years. 

Month. 

Month. 

In 

In 

In 

In 

Amount. 

Date. 

Amount. 

Date. 

first  7 

ond  7 

Total. 

Amount. 

Date. 

Amount. 

Date. 

fl-"7ondC7 

Total. 

years. 

years. 

years.  °™^ 

1 

In. 

In. 

In. 

In. 

In. 

In. 

In. 

In. 

In. 

In. 

January  

18.26 

1890 

3.  04       1897 

3 

3 

6 

(  18921 

February  

13.88 

1890 

1.  93       1889 

•I            -2 

6 

July  

0.44 

1888 

0.00 

I  1893  \ 

3 

1 

4 

March  

11.57       1890 

1.80       1898 

2          4 

6 

\  1896  | 

April  . 

11.13 

1896 

1  05 

1888 

4 

2 

Q 

0  70 

18% 

0  00 

1893 

May  

7.2:) 

ISSfl 

0.75 

1897 

3 

2 

5 

3  14 

1895 

0  06 

1888 

2 

June.  . 

4  66        1888 

0  06 

1895 

3 

2 

5 

8  36 

1889 

0  05 

189> 

November  .  . 

9.87 

1893 

0.18 

1890 

2 

5 

7 

December  .  . 

12.88 

1889 

3.17 

1898 

2 

.> 

4 

AVERAGE  HOURLY  WIND  VELOCITY  [IN  MILES  PER  HOUR]. 

[Record  began  January  1,  1888.] 


Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

1888  G.8 

6  0 

9  4 

5  9 

6  7 

6  3 

7  3 

4  6 

4  8 

4  3 

3  9 

5  1 

1889                                                                                   5.  1 

4  8 

6  3 

7  5 

7  9 

6  4 

5  3 

5  1 

5  2 

4  C 

4  1 

5  7 

1S90  7.  7 

7.5 

6  3 

8  3 

7  8 

8  6 

6  9 

5  3 

3  9 

5  1 

4  0 

4  5 

1891                                                                                   5.  0 

7  0 

7  8 

8  6 

8  ° 

8  0 

6  0 

4  9 

4  6 

4  2 

4  5 

7  0 

1892                                                                                   5  2 

4  1 

C  5 

7  6 

8  4 

7  5 

5  Q 

4  0 

4  3 

5  4 

1893                                                                                   4.  5 

7  6 

6  7 

8  0 

9  1 

8  5 

6  0 

4  9 

6  3 

4  9 

6  ° 

4  0 

1894                                                                                   7  0 

6  5 

7  4 

8  2 

7  5 

7  8 

*)  5 

5  1 

6  6 

5  0 

4  0 

1895                                                                                   7.  4 

5  0 

7  3 

7  i 

9  1 

8  2 

6  4 

4  9 

4  2 

4  ° 

5  2 

^  5 

18%                                                                                   7  3 

6  1 

8  3 

8  3 

9  8 

8  3 

•-)  4 

5  8 

4  4 

4  6 

6  4 

5  6 

1897                                                 ....                      4.  7 

5  9 

8  4 

7  1 

7  3 

6  7 

8  2 

4  8 

5  2 

5  1 

4  7 

5  7 

1898  5.  4 

6.7 

7  2 

8  9 

7  " 

8  7 

6  4 

5  0 

4  8 

4  5 

4  7 

3  9 

1899                                                          5.8 

6  6 

6  8 

7  8 

H  6 

8  6 

6  3 

ft  4 

4  0 

5  4 

6  4 

5  0 

1903                                                                                  4  1 

5  7 

0  0 

9  6 

7  C 

7  3 

6  3 

5  8 

6  3 

6  0 

4  0 

6  4 

6.1 

7  3 

7  9 

8  0 

7  8 

6  4 

5  1 

4  9 

4  8 

4  9 

5  5 

CLIMATE    OF   NORTH    AND    CENTRAL    COAST.  29 

HIGHEST  WIND  VELOCITY,  DIRECTION,  AND  DATE  FOR  EACH  MONTH  FROM  JANUARY  1,  1888. 


Months. 

Veloc- 
ity. 

Direc- 
tion. 

Day  and 
year. 

Months. 

Veloc- 
ity. 

Direc- 
tion. 

Day  and 
year. 

Months. 

V:loc- 
ity. 

Direc- 
tion. 

Day  and 
year. 

Jfifeu. 
44 

g 

1  1S94 

Mav 

MOee. 

46 

NW. 

14,1896 

September  

Mikt. 
44 

NW. 

21,1900 

48 

NW 

29  1896 

47 

N. 

22,1892 

October  

38 

N. 

o!5»,  1888 

March 

46 

NW 

2,1894 

Julv  

44 

NW. 

17.  1897 

November  

40 

•    s. 

27,1892 

42 

N 

11  1890 

36 

NW. 

27.1892 

December  

50 

sw. 

24,1892 

a  Also  on  October  3, 1895. 

AVERAGE  HUMIDITY  (PER  CENT). 
[Record  began  January  1, 1887.] 


Month. 

A.M.   P.M. 

A™~                   Month.                  A.M. 

P.M. 

A  ver- 

age.  j 

Month. 

A.M. 

P.M. 

Aver- 
age. 

91        83 

87  j'  Mav                                        •      92 

80 

mi 

September  

94 

83 

88 

91        80 

86  i  June                              |     93 

80 

86 

October  

93 

85 

89 

90         79 

84  1!  Julv...             '     94 

82 

88  I 

November  

92 

84 

88 

91         80 

86  1   August  95 

85 

90  ! 

December  

89 

82 

86 

NUMBER  OF  FOGGY  DAYS  AND  THUXDER  STORMS  IN  FOURTEEN  YEARS. 
[Record  began  January  1, 1887.] 


Month. 

Number  of  — 

Month. 

Number  of  — 

Month 

Number  of  — 

Foggy 
days. 

Thun- 
der 
storms. 

Foggy 
days. 

Thun- 
der 
storms. 

Foggy 
days. 

Thun- 
der 

storms. 

52 
22 
32 
12 

2 
1 
2 
0 

22 
25 
109 
96 

4 
1 
0 
3 

September  

25 
118 
56 
25 

1 
1 
3 
9 

F  bruarv 

October  

March 

Julv  

November  

Anril 

August  

December  

TOTAL  NUMBER  OF  DAYS  WITH  PRECIPITATION  SINCE  JANUARY  1,  1887. 


Jan.    I    Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr.        May 

June 

July      Aug.   i  Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

10  '         17 

10 

11            11 

7 

13 

7 

i; 

0  01  to  0  10                                    

65  !         65 

65 

62  i         68 

47 

11            25            34 

57 

56 

6" 

Oil  to  025               

40  |         53 

42 

52            34 

25 

3             3            13 

30 

29 

5 

0  ^G  to  0  50                                            

63  i         49 

58 

35           21 

13 

I            11 

25 

47 

4, 

0  51  to  1  00                    

45  <          29 

42 

21  |         16 

4 

0  |           0             5 

15 

31 

31 

Over  1  00  inch                                         

23             24 

19 

14  1          10 

3 

0  i           0             3 

9 

15 

31 

GREATEST  PRECIPITATION  IN  TWENTY-FOUR  HOURS  FOR  EACH  MONTH. 


Year.                           Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

n-^      Greatest 
annual. 

1887  2.19 

2.88 

0.88 

1.64 

1.05 

1.55 

0.02 

0.03 

0.20 

0.34 

0.91 

0.88             2.88 

1S88                                      '    3.91 

0.80 

0.97 

0.30 

0.30 

1.99 

0.44 

T. 

0.04 

0.42 

1.18 

1.71  |           3.91 

1889  1.58 

tt  65 

1.71 

1.02 

1.54 

0.36 

0.04 

0.09 

0.13 

3.06 

0.79 

2.43             3.06 

1890                                      8.72 

4.91 

2.90 

1.37 

0.83 

0.35 

0.06 

0.01 

0.68 

0.41 

0.08 

2  21  j           4.91 

1891                          0.94 

1.96 

1.24 

2.09 

0.76 

0.48 

0.14 

0.24 

0.73 

0.52 

0.99 

2.22             2  22 

189°                                              ...       1.18 

0.72 

1.27 

1.10 

1.40 

0.14 

0.00 

0.05 

0.63 

1.27 

2.33 

2  73             2  73 

1893                                                         0.98 

1.57. 

2.06 

1.18 

0  68 

0  22 

0  00 

0  00 

0  81 

2.12 

3  70 

2  46             3  70 

1894                                                         3  72 

1.05 

1.60 

1.27 

0.52 

0.51 

0.02 

0  04 

1  51 

1  07 

1  19 

3  47  i           3  72 

1S95             2.20 

1.77 

1.86 

0.53 

2.24 

0.04 

0.12 

0.07 

2.77 

0.03 

1  32 

1  88             2.  77 

1896                                                             1  34 

1.31 

1.86 

2.87 

1.36 

0.27 

0.00 

0  60 

1  46 

0  94 

3  04 

2.69              3  04 

1897              1.16 

2.48 

1.56 

0.99 

0.25 

0.62 

0.02 

0  08 

0.75 

1  09 

1  54 

1  88             2.48 

1898                                                         0  68 

2.14 

0.62 

1.85 

0  86 

0  60 

T 

0  06 

0  80 

0  62 

1  02 

0  80             2  14 

1899                                      .                   1.16 

3.17 

1.60 

0.55 

1.23 

0  36 

0.00 

0  24 

0  74 

1  90 

3  38 

1  37  i           3  38 

1900                                                         2  16 

2.02 

1  10 

1  91 

1  40 

1  26 

T 

0  07 

0  10 

2  05 

2  67 

1  52             2.  67 

Greatest  3.91 

4.91 

2.9U 

2.87 

2.24 

1.99 

0.44 

0.60 

2.77 

3  06 

3  70 

3  47 

Date         .   .               ...                 30 

3 

4 

12-13 

25-26 

13-14 

11-12 

30-31 

11  12 

7-8 

.     •- 

*  -      
20-21 

Year...                                        ;  — 

tt  • 

1890 

18% 

>-- 

:-" 

tm 

'--• 

'-- 

1893 

1894    . 

30 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 

ANNUAL  METEOROLOGICAL  SUMMARY  FOE  THE  YEARS  1899  AND  f900.a 
[A  =  40°  48'  N.;  if  =  124°  11'  W.;  gravity  corr.,  -  0.01.] 


Date. 

Pressure. 

Temperature. 

Moisture. 

Monthly  mean. 

Extremes. 

Mean. 

Extremes. 

Dew- 
point. 

Rela- 
tive hu- 
midity. 

Vapor 
pressure. 

Precipitation. 

Cloudiness. 

Maximum. 

Minimum. 

a 
rf 

00 

a 

A 

00 

Maximum. 

Minimum. 

Monthly. 

i 

a 

"S 

4 

61 
55 
64 
58 
59 
61 
62 
67 
74 
76 
69 
61 

a 
| 

"3 

i 

o 
34 
24 
35 
38 
37 
40 
46 
48 
46 
39 
41 
33 

a 

a 

oo 

o 
41 
39 
42 
41 
43 
46 
50 
51 
50 
45 
48 
42 

a 

a. 

00 
o 
45 
41 
43 
44 
44 
48 
51 
52 
52 
48 
51 
46 

a 

a 

00 
* 

87 
88 
90 
88 
88 
92 
92 
92 
94 
88 
83 
91 

a 
ft 

00 

a 

si 

00 

a 

c. 

00 

1 

Maximum  in 
24  hours. 

a 

of 

oo 

a 

c. 

00 

•4 

~ 
& 

1 

O 

6.9 
6.2 
6.1 
6.0 
5.8 
3.0 
6.3 
5.8 
6.7 
5.5 
7.3 
6.2 

1899. 

In. 
30.06 
30.19 
29.98 
30.06 
30.07 
30.03 
29.99 
29.96 
30.01 
29.99 
29.92 
30.08 

In. 
30.44 
30.47 
30.42 
30.29 
30.27 
30.22 
30.13 
30.13 
30.15 
30.29 
30.28 
30.53 

In. 
29.25 
26.68 
29.47 
29.64 
29.59 
29.82 
29.84 
29.83 
29.80 
29.55 
29.53 
29.55 

O 

44.8 
42.1 

44.8 
44.6 
46.7 
48.5 
51.8 
53.0 
51.7 
48.7 
53.9 
44.4 

0 

51.0 
46.8 
50.9 
51.5 
51.6 
55.1 
57.0 
58.5 
57.2 
55.5 
58.4 
51.7 

0 

63.0 
48.9 
53.4 
53.3 
53.4 
56.2 
58.6 
59.8 
59.2 
57.9 
61.3 
54.1 

0 

42.0 
40.0 
42.5 
43.2 
45.7 
47.8 
51.1 
52.0 
50.5 
46.1 
50.5 
41.8 

0 

47.5 
44.4 
48.0 
48.2 
49.6 
52.0 
54.8 
55.9 
64.8 
52.0 
55.9 
48.0 

* 
80 
82 
76 
75 
76 
76 
80 
80 
83 
78 
78 
82 

In. 
0.259 
0.  241 
0.269 
0.261 
0.282 
0.314 
0.354 
0.369 
0.360 
0.301 
0.345 
0.269 

In. 
0.299 
0.268 
0.281 
0.285 
0.290 
0.330 
6.375 
0.392 
0.386 
0.336 
0.377 
0.313 

In. 
6.60 
5.03 
8.53 
1.91 
1.73 
0.75 
0.00 
0.42 
0.88 
4.28 
14.80 
7.05 

In. 
1.16 
3.17 
1.60 
0.55 
1.23 
0.36 
0.00 
0.24 
0.74 
1.90 
3.38 
1.37 

4.9 
5.0 
6.8 
4.9 
7.2 
5.4 
8.5 
7.6 
3.3 
3.3 
5.7 
4.7 

6.0 
5.9 
6.0 
4.9 
5.5 
2.1 
5.3 
4.5 
4.9 
5.0 
7.2 
5.5 

February  

May  

July 

September  

November  — 
December  

Year  
1900. 

30.03 

30.53  ;  28.25 

47.9 

53.8 

55.8 

46.1     60.9  i     76         24     45 

47     89 

79 

0.302 

0.328 

51.88 

3.38 

5.6 

5.2 

5.9 

30.07 
30.13 
29.99 
29.97 
30.01 
29.95 
29.92 
29.96 
29.94 
29.95 
29.96 
30.09 

30.42 
30.41 
30.22 
30.19 
30.23 
30.12 
30.10 
30.18 
30.15 
30.28 
30.34 
30.32 

29.63 
29.88 
29.68 
29.72 
29.72 
29.78 
29.74 
29.79 
29.75 
29.49 
29.42 
29.53 

47.6 
46.0 
47.6 
46.7 
50.9 
53.0 
53.6 
53.8 
52.7 
50.3 
50.1 
49.0 

53.6 
51.7 
52.8 
53.7 
57.2 
58.5 
59.2 
59.8 
59.8 
56.7 
55.8 
54.2 

55.6 
53.5 
55.2 
56.0 
59.0 
60.0- 
60.5 
61.1 
61.6 
59.  1 
58.6 
56.2 

45.3 
43.8 
45.8 
45.0 
49.7 
52.5 
52.4 
52.8 
51.7 
48.4 
48.0 
45.5 

50.4 
48.6 
50.5 
50.5 
54.4 
56.2 
56.4 
57.0 
56.6 
53.8 
53.3 
50.8 

66 
63 
64 
68 
66 
70 
66 
66 
69 
67 
72 
65 

35 
36 
37 
36 
43 
48 
48 
47 
45 
39 
36 
34 

45 
43 
45 
43 
46 
51 
51 
52 
50 
48 
48 
45 

48 
46 
47 
45 
50 
52 
62 
53 
53 
53 
52 
48 

91 
90 
91 
87 
86 
93 
91 
92 
91 
93 
93 
86 

82 
81 
81 
74 
76 
80 
77 
78 
78 
86 
88 
79 

0.302 
0.280 
0.300 
0.280 
0.318 
0.373 
0.374 
0.382 
0.363 
0.341 
0.339 
0.302' 

0.337 
0.310 
0.323 
0.305 
0.357 
0.394 
0.386 
0.401 
0.399 
0.398 
0.393 
0.332 

6.63 
6.04 
3.42 
4.43 
2.08 
1.70 
T. 
0.07 
0.21 
7.07 
8.06 
5.27 

2.16 
2.02 
1.10 
1.91 
1.40 
1.26 
T. 
0.07 
0.10 
2.05 
2.67 
1.52 

4.9 
6.7 
5.7 
5.8 
6.6 
7.2 
7.7 
5.0 
5.5 
4.8 
3.7 
5.5 

5.3 
5.7 
8.0 
4.6 
6.1 
5.5 
3.3 
2.8 
3.1 
5.4 
7.2 
4.5 

6.5 
6.3 
7.0 
4.8 
6.4 
6.1 
4.6 
4.7 
4.3 
5.7 
6.5 
5.3 

February  
March  

April 

May 

June 

July  

September  — 

November  
December.  .     . 

Year.... 

30.  00     30.  42     29.  42 

50.1 

56.1 

58.0 

48.4 

53.2 

72 

34 

17 

50 

90 

80 

0.330 

0.  361 

44.98 

2.67 

5.8 

5.1 

5.6 

a  From  observations  at  8  a.  m.  and  8  p.  m.  75th  meridian  time.    Local  mean  time  3  h.  17  m.  slow. 


CLIMATE   OF   NORTH    AND    CENTRAL    COAST. 
ANNUAL  METEOROLOGICAL  SUMMARY  FOB  THE  YEARS  1899  AND  1900. 

(H  =  62ft.:ht  =  60ft.:  hr  =  521t.;  ha  =  69  ft.] 


31 


Date. 

Wind. 

Xumber  of  days. 

By  self-registers. 

Xumber  of  winds,  8  a.  m.  and  8  p.  m 

J 

Partly  cloudy. 

f 
o 
0 

Precipi- 
tation. 

I 

1 

1 

Maxi- 

mum 
temp. 

c 

Elec- 
tricity. 

Average  hourly 
vekK'lty. 

Prevailing  direc- 
tion. 

Maximum  velocity. 

Directional  time  of 
maximum  velocity. 

Number  of  days 
with  galcn. 

a 

~ 
K 

Northeast. 
East. 

Southeast. 

a 

1 

Southwest. 

^ 

Northwest. 

§ 

3 

0.01  Inch  nndovre. 

0.04  Inch  and  over. 

I 

VboveflO 

Minimum  tempera 
low  i«°. 

Thunderstorms. 

Auroras. 

1899. 
Januarv  

Xilrt. 
5.8 
6.6 
6.8 
7.8 
8.6 
8.6 
6.3 
5.4 
4.0 
5.4 
6.4 
5.0 

Mi. 

SE.     i  39 
XW.      36 
SE.       35 
XW.      38 
XW.      36 
XW.      38 
XW.      30 
XW.      36 
XW.      29 
SE.       34 
SE.       39 
SE.       39 

SE. 
XW 
XW 
XW. 
X. 
XW. 
XW. 
XW. 
XW. 
XW. 
SE. 
SE. 

o 
o 

0 
0 

o 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

4 
5 

4 
14 

7 
4 
4 
10 
9 

6 

1 
4 
3 
3 
4 
0 
1 
0 
3 
3 
1 
6 

3 
0 
0 
2 
2 
0 
0 
0 
0 

5 
18 

23 
11 
17 
9 
5- 
3 
1 
4 
7 
13 
31 
23 

3 
2 

7 
3 
1 
2 

4 
3 
0 
4 
7 
2 

9 
5 
6 
9 
10 
12 
11 
16 
11 
8 
15 
9 

2 
1 
2 
3 
3 
3 
5 
2 
5 
5 
1 
3 

14 
26 
16 
21 
21 
29 
33 
31 
20 
12 
0 
4 

3 
2 
3 
3 

2 
4 
3 
2 
4 
3 
3 
4 

36 

6 
5 

10 
8 
5 
16 
10 
7 
5 
10 
2 
7 

91 

7 
12 
6 
14 
16 
11 
5 
13 
9 
7 
12 
10 

18 
11 
15 
8 
10 
3 
16 
11 
16 
14 
16 
14 

18 
16 
20 
10 
9 
3 
0 
5 
3 
12 
20 
14 

16 
11 
19 
9 
5 
3 
0 
4 
3 
10 
19 
14 

0 

0 

0 
0 

o 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

2 
2 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

8 
2 
2 
0 
0 
0 
0 

1 

13 
5 
1 

O 

0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

o 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

o 

0 

0 
2 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

o 

0 

2 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
2 
1 

3 

0 

• 
0 

• 

0 

0 

- 

1 
1 

•  1 

March 

April  

Mav 

July  

September  
October  

November  
December  

Year 

6.4       XW.       39 

SE. 

0 

76 

29 

H7 

38 

121 

35 

230 

122 

152 

130 

113      3 

7     38      0      0 

•  ' 

1900. 

4.1 
5.7 
6.0 
9.6 
7.6 
7.3 
6.3 
5:8 
6.3 
6.0 
4.0 
6.4 

SE.     \  28 
SE.       39 
XW.      32 
XW.      40 
XW.      33 
XW.      36 
XW.      28 
XW.      33 
XW.      44 
XW.      33 
SE.       26 
SE.       36 

SE. 
X. 
XW. 
X. 
X. 
XW. 
XW. 
XW. 
XW. 
XE. 
SE. 
SW. 

0 
0 
0 

1 

0 
0 
0 
0 

: 
0 

0 

4 

8 
7 
8 
14 
7 
2 
3 
9 
5 
6 
7 

12 
4 

1 
10 
3 
4 
5 
0 
0 
3 
3 
5 

1 

1 

0 
0 

0 
0 
0 

1 
; 
1 
1 

17 
16 
17 
10 

3 

4 
5 
- 
15 
14 
17 

4 
3 
4 

2 
•3 

2 

1 
2 
5 
5 

4 
1 

5 
8 
7 
10 
6 
9 
12 
10 
8 
• 
14 
10 

2 
1 

2 

4 
• 
i 
' 
7 
• 
4 
6 
7 

12 
10 
19 
15 
19 
26 
28 
30 
23 
16 
7 
• 

5 
5 

4 
1 
5 
5 
5 
5 
0 
1 
5 
8 

8 
6 

4 
12 
7 
8 
• 
12 
: 
6 
5 
10 

9 
10 
10 
9 
15 
9 
18 
14 
1'J 
12 
11 
12 

14 
12 

17 
9 
9 
13 

4 
5 

3 

13 
14 
9 

17 
12 
11 
11 
11 
5 
0 
1 
4 
14 
12 
9 

16 
11 
10 
10 
8 

i 

0 

1 

3 
12 
12 
8 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

• 

0 

0 
0 

1 

0 
0 
0 

0 

: 
0 

5 
1 
2 
0 
0 
0 
0 
2 
2 
i 

" 

4 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

• 

0 
0 
0 

0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 

- 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

1 

0 
0 

1 

0 
0 

1 

1 

0 

0 
0 
0 

Februarv  

March 

Mav  

July.. 

August  

September  
October  

November  
December  

Year  

6.3 

XW.    j  44 

XW. 

2 

80 

50 

10 

132 

36 

108     54   211 

49 

100   141 

124    107 

95       0 

2 

-7 

0      0 

3 

32 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 


SUNSHINE  DURING  THE  YEARS  1898,  1899,  AND  1900. 

[N.  lat.  40°  48'.} 


Percentage  of  sunshine  recorded  during  hours  ending  (local  time)  — 

Total 
(hours). 

Per- 
centage 
of  pos- 
sible. 

511 
a.  m. 

6>> 

7* 

S» 

9>> 

10k 

Ilk 

Noon 

Ik 

2k 

3k 

4k 

55 
31 
58 
47 
54 
58 
64 
47 
51 
56 
51 
52 

5'' 

6» 

7h 

8' 

1898. 
January  .   . 

33 
19 
45 
32 
40 
44 
13 
8 
19 
40 
30 
37 

37 
33 
51 
43 
42 
51 
19 
13 
24 
41 
36 
38 

46 
43 
50 
50 
46 
55 
30 
25 
34 
49 
41 
46 

52 
40 
62 
56 
53 
47 
44 
26 
42 
59 
42 
44 

49 
41 
64 
59 
58 
50 
55 
38 
37 
68 
42 
58 

59 
41 
70 
55 
63 
57 
59 
49 
52 
70 
46 
61 

57 
41 
70 
58 
66 
63 
55 
61 
47 
67 
46 
58 

61 
39 
66 
47 
60 
61 
56 
55 
45 
65 
51 
58 

46 
19 

59 
47 
49 
52 
51 
39 
49 
65 
54 
44 

41 
9 
51 
41 
50 
47 
56 
40 
42 
49 

149.4 

99.0 
213.7 
181.6 
210.3 
219.2 
179.7 
135.1 
140.2 
188.9 
124.7 
144.7 

50 
33 
58 
45 
47 
49 
39 
32 
37 
55 
•      42 
50 

February  

15 
42 
30 
25 
31 
9 
3 
13 
30 
86 

March  .  .  . 

60 
25 
18 
28 
8 
0 
11 
0 

57 
37 
44 
47 
46 
34 
50 



0 
14 

26 
4 
0 

May  

40 
48 
46 
15 

June 

July  

August 

September 

October  

November 

December  

I 

Sum  

44 

140 

233 

360 
30 

428 
36 

515 
43 

567 
47 

619  j    682 
52        67 

689 
57 

664 
55 

614 

51 

564 

47 

426 

315     148 

1,  986.  5 
165.5 

537 
45 

Percentage       o  f 
possible  

1899. 
January  .  .  . 

28 
15 
30 
41 
36 
43 
17 
28 
17 
33 
16 
19 

26 
30 
38 
48 
41 
52 
24 
31 
23 
41 
52 
30 

35 
43 
46 
69 
45 
61 
27 
35 
21 
43 
42 
36 

42 
52 
59 
72 
58 
73 
30 
47 
37 
47 
42 
43 

45 

52 
58 
68 
61 
78 
45 
49 
46 
58 
43 
54 

45 
44 
53 
64 
56 
89 
48 
CO 
51 
CO 
33 
56 

42 
50 
59 
70 
65 
88 
49 
63 
58 
67 
35 
57 

45 
46 
60 
71 
68 
87 
52 
65 
57 
59 
32 
46 

39 
43 
55 
71 
62 
87 
49 
60 
65 
57 
32 
46 

37 
41 
41 
63 
56 
78 
48 
56 
47 
51 
19 
39 

71 
40 
32 
50 
44 
75 
50 
50 
42 
51 

116.3 
123.2 
173.0 
230.9 
212.9 
300.3 
167.8 
195.  5 
144.9 
172.6 
96.9 
125.2 

39 
41 
47 
58 
47 
66 
37 
46 
39 
50 
33 
44 

February  

9 
27 
34 
28 
39 
13 
21 
13 
31 
18 

March   ... 

17 
30 
18 
27 
13 
22 
19 
55 

33 
45 
36 
73 
48 
49 
52 

34 

72 
49 
55 

0 
18 
23 
12 
0 

May  

July  

September 

October  

November  

December  

Sum  

53 

201 

233 

323 

27 

436 
36 

503 
42 

602 
50 

667 
65 

659 
55 

703 
58 

688 
57 

656 
55 

576 

48 

505 

336 

210 

2,  059.  5 
171.6 

547 
46 

Percentage       o  f 
possible  

1900. 
January 

24 
14 
27 
51 
50 
23 
20 
32 
31 
28 
18 
27 

31 
21 
34 
56 
48 
34 
28 
42 
48 
40 
30 
30 

41 
32 
40 
60 
59 
45 
44 
54 
54 
50 
39 
47 

50 
51 
47 
59 
65 
46 
58 
61 
59 
56 
39 
54 

48 
54 
52 
64 
64 
53 
68 
69 
69 
55 
42 
51 

51 
54 
44 
66 
58 
58 
77 
74 
78 
61 
43 
50 

54 
49 
44 
64 
60 
64 
79 
70 
74 
51 
37 
52 

48 
46 
36 
60 
61 
60 
79 
73 
71 
47 
36 
53 

42 
51 
29 
63 
66 
53 
76 
75 
74 
42 
21 
45 

38 
34 
26 
62 
51 
47 
71 
73 
65 
38 
15 
38 

59 
25 
18 
60 
45 
42 
67 
75 
54 
38 

129.5 
117.4 
130.6 
232.4 
223.6 
184.4 
246.4 
255.2 
214.3 
154.3 
95.7 
131.1 

43 
39 
35 
58 
50 
41 
54 
60 
59 
45 
32 
46 

Februarv  

3 

25 
45 
30 
18 
15 
33 
25 
21 
17 

March 

33 
47 
24 
13 
12 
32 
20 
0 

17 
54 
33 
34 
65 
69 
50 

48 
32 
65 
95 

April 

0 
28 
13 
14 
100 

May.. 

July 

August  

October  

November  

December  

Sum  .  . 

155       181 

232 

345 
29 

442 
37 

565 
47 

645 

54 

689 
57 

714 

60 

698 
58 

670 
56 

627 
52 

558 
46 

483 

322     240 

2,114.9 
176.2 

562 
47 

Percentage       o  f 
possible 

CLIMATE    OF    NORTH    AND   CENTRAL    COAST. 


Some  time  ago  the  observer  at  Eureka  arranged  with  the  Humboldt  Jetty  office  for  gratui- 
tous daily  information  respecting  the  approximate  force  and  direction  of  the  wind  and  the  con- 
dition of  the  ocean  adjacent  to  the  bay.  To  the  harbor  entrance  is  a  distance  of  about  7  miles, 
and  the  two  jetties  there  extend  out  into  the  ocean  7.000  feet.  Very  often  when  outside  there  is 
a  gale  with  an  extremely  rough  sea;  inside  there  is  a  calm  or  a  wind  from  a  different  direction. 

Herewith  is  a  rough  sketch  of  the  coast  from  Cape  Mendocino  to  Patricks  Point,  a  distance 
of  about  40  miles.  The  coast  line  is  some  10  miles  east  of  a  line  joining  the  bluff  points  of 
Cape  Mendocino  and  Patricks  Point.  Still  farther  to  the  east  the  hills  form  a  greater  curve, 
placing  the  lowlands  on  which  Eureka  stands  in  a  protected  position  from  the  northwest,  east, 
and  southeast,  and  greatly  modifying  the  conditions  prevailing  beyond  the  limits  of  the  area 
shown  in  the  sketch. 

By  running  a  line  from  the  cape  to  the  point  one  will  probably  discover  that  during  a 
severe  southeast  storm  from,  sa\-,  20  to  50  miles  off  coast  there  is  often  inside  the  line  or  near 
the  coast  but  a  moderate  wind.  Moreover,  a 
west  to  northwest  wind  is  much  more  severe  out- 
side than  inside  this  line.  The  force  of  southeast 
winds  is  no  doubt  frequently  broken  by  Cape 
Mendocino  and  the  adjacent  hills.  Greatly  mod- 
ified in  intensity  and  somewhat  deflected,  they 
again  approach  the  coast  north  of  Patricks  Point: 
but  in  a  heavy  south  wind  the  resistance  of  the 
cape  seems  inconsiderable.  Often  in  summer, 
during  a  moderate  wind  of  15  miles  or  more  at 
sea,  near  the  coast  and  even  on  the  bay  it  will 
blow  quite  strongly.  On  this  coast  only  seldom 
does  a  wind  for  any  great  length  of  time  blow 
directly  from  the  southwest.  On  its  approach 
to  the  land  it  will  veer  either  to  the  south  or  to 
the  northwest.  During  a  southeast  wind  along 
the  coast  there  is  invariably  a  southwest  wind  at 
sea.  After  a  southeast  storm  a  heavy  sea  from 
the  southwest  causes  the  bay  to  become  rough  and 
extremely  dangerous  for  vessels.  Frequently  on 
approaching  the  coast  northwesterly  winds  will 
be  met  by  warm  currents  of  air  from  the  land. 
The  result  in  every  instance  is  fog,  and  generally 
a  material  reduction  in  the  force  of  the  wind. 
In  forecasting  southeast  storms  the  high  hills 
east  and  southeast  of  this  station  and  extending 
to  Cape  Mendocino  should  be  allowed  for. 


FIG.  5. — Sketch  map  of  Eureka  and  vicinity. 


CLIMATE  OF  SAN  FRANCISCO. 

On  the  coast  of  California  there  is  a  city  justly  famed  for  the  abnormalities  of  its  climate. 
Overcoats  and  heavy  wraps  are  worn  in  midsummer,  while  the  lilies  bloom  in  December.  From 
May  until  September  very  little  rain  falls,  yet  during  this  period  with  clock-like  regularity  great 
banks  of  fog  march  in  every  afternoon  and  cover  the  bare,  brown  hills.  The  city  of  San  Fran- 
cisco, the  gateway  to  the  Orient,  as  it  has  been  termed,  is  strangely  situated  with  respect  to 
ocean,  bay.  mountain,  and  valley.  It  may  perhaps  be  said  of  this  city  that  nowhere  else  can 
such  a  strange  mixture  of  marine  and  continental  climates  be  found.  The  topography  is  such 
that  marked  contrasts  can  be  found  within  comparatively  short  distances.  Certainly  the  clima- 
tologist  finds  in  the  vicinity  of  San  Francisco  sj  many  climatic  anomalies^  that  he  feeis  as  if  he 

1176— Bull  1^03 3 


34  CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 

were  in  fact  present  in  a  great  natural  aero-physical  laboratory  where  daily  experiments  were 
being  performed  on  a  large  scale.  In  building  this  meteorological  laboratory  at  San  Francisco 
nature  also  provided  seats  wheref rora  we  can  obtain  excellent  views  of  the  experiments  while  in 
progress.  From  the  Weather  Bureau  station  on  Mount  Tamalpais — elevation  of  station,  2,373 
feet — one  looks  down  on  the  broad  expanse  of  the  Pacific,  nearly  20,000,000  square  miles  of 
water,  to  the  north,  west,  and  south.  From  the  open  roadstead  of  Drakes  Bay  the  eye  passes 
over  the  Sausalito  hills  to  the  headlands  of  Points  Bonita  and  Lobos,  marking  the  entrance  to 
the  Golden  Gate.  This  passage  plays  an  important  role  in  >  onnection  with  the  winds,  tempera- 
tures, and  fogs  of  the  San  Francisco  Bay  region.  At  mean  tide  the  area  of  San  Francisco  Bay  is 
about  450  square  miles. 

Far  on  the  eastern  horizon,  especially  on  clear  winter  days,  the  snow  of  the  Sierra — 155  miles 
distant — can  be  seen  glistening.  These  mountains  van'  in  height  from  8,000  to  14,000  feet. 

Extending  from  the  slopes  of  the  Sierra  to  the  Coast  Range  is  a  great  basin  500  miles  long 
and  about  50  wide.  The  Sacramento  and  San  Joaquin  rivers,  flowing  through  this  basin,  unite 
in  Suisun  Bay.  This  great  inland  basin,  surrounded  by  mountain  walls,  is  connected  with  the 
Pacific  Ocean  by  the  gate  at  San  Francisco,  San  Francisco  Bay,  San  Pablo  Bay,  Carquinez 
Straits,  and  Suisun  Bay.  Here,  then,  is  an  aero-physical  laboratory  par  excellence.  Now  for 
the  results. 

When  a  native  of  San  Francisco  is  asked  which  is  the  coldest  month  of  the  year,  he  is 
generally  at  a  loss  for  an  answer;  and  if  asked  which  is  the  warmest  he  may  say  November. 
This  confusion  arises  from  the  comparatively  small  range  of  temperature.  The  mean  annual 
temperature,  as  determined  from  the  records  of  the  Weather  Bureau  for  thirty-one  years  is 
56.1°  F.  May  and  November  have  practically  the  same  temperature.  The  warmest  month  is 
September,  60.8°;  the  coldest,  January,  50.2°.  The  other  months  have  mean  temperatures 
as  follows:  February,  52°;  March,  54°;  April,  55°;  May,  57°;  June,  July,  and  August,  59°; 
October,  60°;  November,  5(5°;  December,  52°. 

The  highest  temperature  ever  recorded  at  San  Francisco  was  100°,  on  June  29, 1891,  and  the 
lowest  29°,  on  January  15,  1888.  Abnormally  warm  and  cold  periods  last,  as  a  rule,  about  three 
daj's.  The  mean  of  the  three  consecutive  warmest  days  at  San  Francisco  has  never  exceeded 
76.3°.  A  period  of  warm  weather  during  the  summer  months  is,  as  a  rule,  brought  to  a  close 
about  the  evening  of  the  third  day  with  strong  west  winds,  dense  fog,  and  temperatures  ranging 
from  49°  to  54°.  The  mean  of  the  three  consecutive  coldest  days  was  40.7°.  The  greatest  daily 
range  of  temperature  was  43°,  on  June  29,  1891.  This  was  the  date  when  the  temperature 
reached  100°.  The  range  of  temperature  was  from  100°  to  57°.  The  morning  was  calm  and 
very  warm,  while  at  5  p.  m.  the  temperature  was  80°  and  next  morning  74°. 

In  the  past  thirty  years  the  number  of  days  on  which  snow  has  fallen  can  be  counted  on  the 
ten  fingers.  Thunderstorms  likewise  are  infrequent,  but  not  altogether  unknown.  Earth- 
quakes, meaning  by  this  all  slight  shocks  and  tremors,  average  about  7  per  annum.  Very  little 
damage  has  been  done  by  earthquakes  during  the  past  fifty  years. 

The  people  in  San  Francisco  have  long  realized  that  winter  and  summer  are  purelv  relative 
terms.  Thus  at  any  of  the  ferries  on  a  midsummer  day  one  can  see  summer  fabrics  worn  with 
heavy  wraps,  and  it  is  not  unusual  to  see  white  duck  and  sealskin  in  combination.  Visitors  to 
the  city  should  by  all  means  wear  heavy  wraps  or  overcoats  during  the  summer  afternoon. 

The  experiments  of  the  observers  of  the  Weather  Bureau  during  the  past  two  years  with 
kites  have  thrown  much  light  upon  the  causes  of  the  climatic  abnormalities  experienced  at  San 
Francisco;  and,  among  other  things,  it  has  become  evident  that  in  summer  as  we  ascend  from 
the  ground  the  temperature  rises.  For  each  155  feet  of  elevation  the  temperature  is  1°  F. 
warmer,  and  so  on  any  of  the  hills  or  mountains  in  the  vicinity  of  San  Francisco  one  can  find 
with  very  little  effort  the  climate  best  suited  for  him.  In  other  words,  the  citizen  of  the  San 
Francisco  Bay  section  can  regulate  the  temperature  to  suit  himself,  having  a  choice  between 
these  limits:  55°  at  sea  level  and  85°  at  2,000  feet  abo've. 


CLIMATE    OF    NORTH    AND    CENTRAL    COAST. 


35 


With  regard  to  rainfall,  during  the  summer  months,  San  Francisco  is  practically  rainless.  By 
referring  to  the  accompanying  charts  it  will  be  seen  that  in  June,  July,  August,  and  September 
showers  are  very  rare.  The  average  rainfall  is  about  23  inches,  and  most  of  this  falls  during  the 
months  of  November.  December,  January,  February,  and  March.  Looking  over  the  records  of 
the  past  fifty  years  we  find  that  the  year  1898  had  but  9.31  inches,  while  in  1883  there  was  38.82 
inches.  In  1861  there  was  38.51  inches. 

SEASONAL   RAINFALL. 

The  annual  rainfalls  do  not,  however,  fairly  represent  the  amount  of  rainfall  determining 
crop  yield.  Both  with  fruits  and  grains  it  is  the  seasonal  rainfall  rather  than  the  annual 
which  is  to  be  considered.  In  the  wheat  fields  summer  fallowing  is  resorted  to  chiefly  for  the 
reason  that  the  rain  of  two  seasons  can  be  utilized.  As  may  be  seen  by  the  tables  of  annual  and 
seasonal  rainfall,  published  in  following  pages,  the  amounts  during  the  growing  season  vary 
from  the  totals  for  the  calendar  year;  thus,  in  1889-90  the  seasonal  rainfall  was  15.85  inches. 
The  annual  rainfall  for  1890  was  but  25.43  inches,  an  unusually  heavy  rainfall  in  December, 
1889,  having  contributed  to  materially  increase  the  seasonal  amount. 

Frequency  as  well  as  intensity  should  also  be  taken  into  account  in  considering  the  relation 
of  rainfall  and  crops. 

MONTHLY  MEAX  TEMPERATURES  (DEGREES  FAHRENHEIT). 


Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1871                 

51.3 

53.3 

54.3 

56.9 

'56.6 

57.9 

60.4 

61.8 

55.1 

52.9 

56  0 

1872   

52.2 

54.2 

54.3 

53.4 

56.0 

59.8 

57.9 

59.8 

59.3 

58.8 

56.0 

52.1 

56.2 

1873                 

54.8 

50.9 

54.5 

54.6 

55.4 

571 

58.1 

59.5 

58.3 

59.7 

57.7 

50.7 

55  9 

1874 

49.3 

51.2 

50.9 

54.9 

57.6 

59.1 

57.8 

59.0 

61.4 

59.8 

56.1 

50  3 

55.6 

1875              

49.0 

52.0 

51.8 

55.4 

57.2 

59.4 

58.8 

58.8 

59.2 

62.0 

57.4 

51.4 

56  0 

1876  

48.8 

52.8 

53.2 

55.4 

56.8 

61.4 

59.1 

59.6 

61.5 

59.9 

58.0 

53.0 

56.6 

2877             .     

54.3 

55.8 

57.2 

54.4 

56.2 

62.0 

60.8 

59.8 

62.5 

59.2 

57.2 

52.7 

57  7 

1878 

52.8 

53.3 

55.9 

56.6 

58.0 

58.8 

58.6 

59.1 

60.2 

61.6 

57  1 

51  6 

56.9 

1879 

48.8 

54.6 

57.2 

56.5 

56.4 

60.2 

58.7 

60.5 

61.0 

61.0 

55.0 

50  0 

56  7 

1880  

48.0 

48.8 

49.4 

53.3 

57.7 

57.2 

58.8 

59.1 

58.9 

59.8 

54.2 

53.2 

54  9 

1881 

54.0 

55.3 

51.4 

57.9 

58.0 

58.6 

59.7 

58.8 

59.7 

56.6 

55.1 

51  0 

56  6 

1882  

49.4 

48.8 

53.4 

53.0 

57.0 

57.9 

59.5 

58.6 

59.8 

58.8 

53.2 

52.8 

55  2 

1883 

47.0 

48.8 

54.0 

53.2 

58.0 

61.4 

59.8 

59.2 

63.1 

57.9 

54.1 

50  8 

55  6 

1884          

50.6 

50.8 

54.5 

56.0 

59.4 

60.2 

61.4 

60.0 

59.6 

58.2 

57.4 

52.8 

56  7 

1885 

51.1 

55.3 

57.7 

58.2 

58.1 

57.8 

61.6 

59.6 

61.8 

60.7 

57.8 

54  0 

57  8 

1886    .          .... 

51.2 

56.8 

53.6 

55.4 

59.1 

59.4 

60.3 

60.6 

62.4 

58.6 

56.8 

53.6 

57  3 

1887 

47.8 

55.8 

55.8 

57.0 

59.4 

56.6 

57.8 

62.0 

64.2 

56  4 

52.2 

56  5 

1888 

46.7 

53.9 

53.4 

57.8 

56.9 

62.4 

61.4 

60.8 

62.6 

61.6 

57.0 

53  2 

57  3 

1889  

50.4 

54.0 

57.2 

58.8 

58.8 

60.2 

58.8 

60.4 

64.6 

61.8 

58.6 

51.3 

57  9 

1890 

46.2 

49.1 

53.8 

54.8 

59.8 

59.2 

59.8 

61.4 

60.4 

62.4 

59.0 

49  8 

56  3 

1891  

52.2 

51.1 

55.0 

53.4 

55.7 

60.2 

59.4 

61.8 

61.8 

59.7 

58.6 

49.6 

56  6 

1892 

51.7 

52.4 

54.2 

53.1 

58.0 

56.8 

58.1 

59.4 

60.2 

59.6 

56  9 

51  1 

56  0 

1893  

47.4 

50.3 

51.2 

52.4 

55.8 

56.5 

56.6 

56.6 

59.3 

57.6 

55.6 

52.4 

54.3 

1894 

47.7 

48.4 

50.6 

55.2 

55.4 

55.9 

56.4 

59.2 

63.4 

59  6 

59  4 

49  7 

55  1 

1895  

48.6 

53.8 

52.2 

54.8 

57.6 

58.7 

58.4 

58.4 

60.7 

58.8 

56.2 

48  6 

55  6 

1896 

52.2 

55.3 

54.3 

51.6 

56.3 

57.2 

59.4 

59.5 

59  6 

58  8 

•  53.4 

52.8 

>  55  9 

1897  

48.6 

50.7 

48.  9 

57.4 

57.4 

58.9 

58.2 

57.4 

60.8 

58.4 

53.1 

50  7 

55  0 

1898          ... 

46.7 

52,6 

51.2 

54.4 

52.6 

59.0 

56.2 

57  0 

59  0 

61  2 

55  4 

49  7 

54  g 

1899 

53  0 

51  6 

52.2 

54.6 

52.6 

56  9 

55  9 

58  3 

58  ° 

59  3 

56  8 

49  6 

55  0 

1900 

50.7 

53.6 

55.2 

54.0 

57.0 

57.6 

58  2 

59  7 

63  3 

58.8 

56  3 

50  2 

56  2 

1901  

49.8 

52.2 

55.8 

51.8 

53.9 

56.7 

55.6 

56.4 

58.5 

61  8 

57  2 

52  9 

55  2 

Means,  31  years,  except  Jan- 

50  2 

52  2 

53.7 

H.t 

56.8 

58  8 

58  6 

59  2 

60  8 

60  0 

56  4 

51  5 

56  I 

1 

1 

1 

36 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 
SUMMARY  OF  MONTHLY  MEAN  TEMPERATURES  (DEGREES  FAHRENHEIT). 


Month 

Highest  monthly 
mean. 

Lowest  monthly 
mean. 

Absolute  maxi- 
mum. 

Absolute  mini- 
mum. 

Great- 
est 
daily 
range. 

Mean 
daily- 
range. 

Mean 
varia- 
bility. 

Mean  of 
three 
consecu- 
tive 
warmest 
days.o 

Mean  of 
three 
consecu- 
tive 
coldest 
days.a 

Date. 

Tempera- 
ture. 

Date. 

Tempera- 
ture. 

Date. 

Tempera- 
ture. 

Date. 

Tempera- 
ture. 

1873 
1886 
1885 
1889 
1890 
1888 
1885 
1891 
1889 
1887 
1894 
1885 

54.8 
50.  8 
57.7 
68.8 
59.8 
62.4 
61.6 
61.8 
64.6 
64.2 
59.4 
64.0 

1890 
1887 
1897 
1891 
1898 
1894 
1898 
1893 
1873 
1881 
1897 
1896 

46.2 
47.8 
48.9 
51.6 
52.6 
65.9 
66.2 
66.6 
68.3 
56.6 
53.1 
48.6 

26,1899 
18,  1899 
7,1892 
14,1888 
28,1887 
23,  1891 
15,1888 
22,  1891 
22,  1894 
8,1899 
16,  1895 
8,1893 

78.0 
80.0 
80.0 
88.0 
97.0 
100.0 
93.0 
92.0 
94.0 
94.0 
83.0 
72.0 

15,1888 
5,1887 
3,  1896 
7,  1891 
1,1899 
19,  1893 
31,1893 
8,  1893 
30,  1894 
14,  1881 
27,  1896 
24,  1879 

29.0 
38.0 
33.0 
40.0 
43.0 
47.0 
47.0 
47.0 
49.0 
45.0 
38.0 
34.0 

24.0 
27.0 
28.0 
34.0 
39.0 
43.0 
36.0 
38.0 
35.0 
31.0 
25.0 
21.0 

9.9 
10.7 
11.8 
11.7 
12.0 
12.5 
11.5 
11.4 
13.3 
13.3 
11.3 
9.3 

2.2 
2.0 
2.5 
2.7 
2.9 
2.4 
2.4 
2.4 
3.0 
3.5 
2.6 
2.2 

67.0 
64.7 
67.7 
68.7 
73.7 
76.0 
66.3 
76.0 
76.3 
71.7 
69.3 
62.0 

42.0 
40.7 
40.7 
48.3 
49.7 
52.3 
50.0 
52.7 
54.0 
51.7 
44.7 
.42.3 

February  

April  

May 

J  une  

July             

August  

November  

1889             57.9  .    1893 

54.3 

61891 

100.0 

(-1888 

29.  0         43.  0 

11.5 

2.6 

76.3 

40.7 

a  Record  subsequent  to  January  1,  1891. 


f)  June  29. 


^January  15. 


WEATHER. 


Month. 

Average  number  of  — 

Month. 

Average  number  of  — 

Clear 
days. 

Partly 
cloudy 
days. 

Cloudy 
days. 

Rainy 
days. 

Clear 
days. 

Partly 
cloudy 
days. 

cloudy 
days. 

Rainy 
days. 

January  .  ,  

11 
10 
11 
12 
13 
14 
11 

10 
10 
11 
12 
12 
11 
14 

10 
8 
9 
6 
6 
5 
6 

11 

10 
10 
7 
4 
2 
1 

August  

10 
14 
16 
15 
12 

15 

12 
11 
9 
10 

6 
4 
4 
6 
9 

0 
2 
4 
7 
11 

March  

October  

April 

May  

December  

June  

149 

137 

79 

69 

July  

AVERAGE  TEMPERATURE  (DEGREES  FAHRENHEIT)  FOR  EACH  HOUR  OF  SEVENTY-FIFTH  MERIDIAN  TIME. 

[A=37°  48'  N.;  <p=122°  26'  W.] 


1900. 

1'a.m. 

2>> 

3i" 

4' 

9 

6» 

7ii 

8» 

9>- 

W 

lit" 

Xoon. 

lbp.  m. 

January  

50.1 

49.8 

49.2 

49.0 

48.5 

48.2 

48.2 

48.8 

48.2 

47.6 

47.5 

48.0 

49  1 

62.0 

51.3 

50  9 

50.7 

50  0 

49  6 

49  5 

49  9 

49  0 

48  6 

48  7 

49  9 

51  4 

March  

52.8 

51.8 

51.4 

50.7 

50.6 

60.4 

50.1 

51.2 

50.2 

49.7 

50.5 

52.0 

53.7 

April  ... 

51.4 

51.1 

50.6 

50.8 

50.1 

49  7 

49.4 

50  1 

49  1 

49  8 

51  5 

63  4 

65  4 

May 

53  9 

53  3 

52  7 

52  3 

51  8 

51  5 

61  5 

52  2 

51  2 

53  2 

55  4 

57  4 

59  4 

June  .  . 

64.4 

53.6 

53.1 

52.7 

52.4 

52.1 

52  0 

53  1 

52  5 

54  0 

55  8 

56  8 

68  9 

July- 

63  8 

53  6 

53  5 

53  1 

62  8 

52  6 

52  6 

53  5 

52  4 

54  7 

57  1 

59  0 

60  8 

August  

66.8 

56.4 

56.0 

55.7 

65.1 

54.9 

55  1 

55  8 

54  7 

55  6 

57  5 

59  4 

61  3 

60  0 

69  3 

58  8 

58  5 

58  1 

67  9 

57  6 

58  7 

67  4 

58  5 

60  5 

62  5 

64  8 

October  

56.1 

55.8 

55.1 

54.6 

53.9 

53  7 

53.5 

64  7 

53  5 

53  9 

55  2 

56  5 

68  7 

55  5 

54  9 

54  2 

54  0 

53  3 

52  9 

52  4 

53  9 

52  5 

52  0 

52  6 

54  1 

55  4 

December  

49.5 

48.8 

48.2 

47.5 

47.1 

46.9 

47.1 

48.4 

47.2 

46  9 

47  1 

48  3 

49  4 

Year  

53.9 

53.3 

S2.8 

52.4 

52.0 

51.7 

51.6 

52.5 

51  5 

52  0 

53  3 

54  8 

56  5 

CLIMATE    OF   NORTH    AND    CENTRAL    COAST. 


37 


AVERAGE  TEMPERATURE  (DEGREES  FAHRENHEIT  >  FOR  EACH  HOUR  OF  SEVENTY-FIFTH  MERIDIAN  TIME — Continued. 

[h,=161  ft.;  local  time,  &  10-  slow.] 


I9oa 

Ok 

* 

, 

* 

6» 

7" 

- 

9" 

10k 

Ilk 

Hid. 

Me»-^ 

Mean 
min. 

January  

50.3 

51.6 

52.8 

53.4 

53,9 

53.6 

52.9 

52.5 

51.9 

51.3 

50  5 

50  3       54.7 

46  7 

58.2 

55.0 

56.9 

H 

58  6 

57  8 

56  9 

55  3 

54.5 

53.7 

53.1 

5"  7       59  5 

47  8 

March  

55  5 

57.4 

58.9 

59.9 

59  5 

57  8 

57  0 

55.5 

54.5 

53.8 

53  2 

53  7       61  3 

49  1 

April 

56  6 

57  5 

58.1 

57  8 

57  5 

56  9 

55  8 

55  0 

53  8 

52.6 

52." 

53  o       59  5 

48  4 

Mav                       

GO  8 

61.8 

62.1 

61  9 

61  8 

68  0 

59  0 

57  8 

56  1 

54.9 

54.5 

56  1       63  5 

50  6 

60  5 

62  1 

62.° 

62  0 

61  5 

60  '2 

59  6 

58  3 

57  0 

55  8 

55  1 

56  5       63  7 

51  6 

Julv 

61  9 

62.3 

62  8 

62.4 

61.4 

60  7 

59  8 

-- 

55  4 

54.6" 

56  9       64  6 

51  9 

August  

62.8 

63.6 

63.7 

63.2 

62.5 

61  4 

60  7 

59.5 

58  6 

57  5 

57  2 

58  5       65  5 

53  9 

66  4 

68  3 

68  3 

679 

66  9 

65  3 

64  7 

63  1 

6°  0 

61  3 

60  5 

62.0       70  4 

| 

October    

60.3 

62.4 

63  4 

63.8 

63.1 

61  7 

60  4 

59  3 

58  4 

57  5 

56  9 

57  6  •    65  1 

5°  4 

November  

56.3 

58.0 

59.2 

60.1 

60.1 

59.6 

58.7 

57  9 

57  2 

56.6 

56  0 

55  7       62.2 

50  4 

50  5 

52  0 

52.9 

53  6 

54.0 

53  3 

52.8 

5"'  5 

51  6 

50  8 

50  0 

49  8       55  1 

45  4 

57  9 

60  1 

60  4 

60  1 

59  0 

58  2 

57  1 

56  0 

55  1 

54  5 

55  "       6°  1 

50  4 

AVERAGE  PRESSURE  (  INCHES  AND  THOUSANDTHS)  FOR  EACH  HOUR  OF  SEVENTY-FIFTH  MERIDIAN  TIME. 
[A=37°  48'  X.;  ».=li»  26'  W.;  local  time,  3»  10-  slow.    H=155  ft.] 


1900. 

I'a.m 

2*             3k 

4k 

5k 

6k 

> 

8* 

9k 

I* 

Ilk 

.Noon. 

lk  p.m. 

29.985 

0.987       0.983 

.-- 

0.980 

.- 

0  975 

0  969 

0  S71 

0  978 

0  990 

0  006 

0  020 

29  998 

0  001       0  001 

0  999 

0  000 

0  995 

0  991 

0  992 

0  998 

0  006 

0  020 

0  029 

0  037 

March 

29  8»1 

0  881       0.880 

0  879 

--• 

0  866 

0  8ti3 

0  S64 

0  871 

.-, 

0  890 

0  900 

0  905 

29.849 

0.850      0.848 

0.843 

0.837 

0.832 

0.831 

0.832 

0  843 

0  853 

0  860 

0  866 

0  871 

Mav 

.  -- 

0.  861       0.  860 

0  855 

0  849 

0  846 

0  845 

0  846 

0  855 

0  865 

0  872 

0  875 

0  877 

29.815 

0.814  1    0.806 

0.804 

0.800 

0  795 

0.795 

0.798 

0  806 

0  814 

-  - 

-   - 

0-  8^ 

July  

••9.737 

0.739  i    0.737 

t>.735 

0.731 

0.730 

0.732 

0.737 

0  748 

0  759 

0  771 

0  774 

0  775 

29.805 

0.804      0.803 

0.800 

0.795 

0  794 

0  793 

0  798 

•  0  807 

0  817 

0  826 

0  831 

0  835 

September  

29.796 

0.797      0.799 

0.799 

0.797 

0.796 

0.7% 

0  800 

0  809 

0  820 

0  8°4 

0  831 

- 

29  859 

0.862  )    0.861 

0  862 

0  863 

.-, 

0  856 

0  859 

0  866 

0  873 

0  gg3 

0  890 

0  894 

-  - 

0.899      0.896 

0.892 

0.892 

... 

--- 

0  887' 

0  895 

0  904 

0  914 

0  923 

0  932 

30  052 

0  054      0  049 

0  048 

0  047 

0  044 

0  038 

0  029 

0  034 

0  034 

0  045 

0  056 

0  070 

Year  

29.878 

0.  879       0.  877 

0.874 

0.872 

0.869 

0.867 

0.868 

0  875 

0  8S3 

0  S94 

0  901 

0  906 

[Correction  applied  to  reduce  to  standard  gravity — 0.02.] 


1900. 

2k            3» 

4* 

5k 

6k 

7k 

8» 

9k 

10k 

11' 

Mid. 

Mean. 

Mean 
max. 

Mean 
min. 

0.021       0.999 

0.981 

0.971 

0.968 

0.970 

0.968 

0  974 

0  981 

0  986 

0  992 

0  984 

0  048 

0  930 

February  

0.035      0.020 

0.002 

0.985 

0.977 

.-. 

0.968 

0.972 

O.C78 

0.981 

0  988 

0  998 

0  062 

0  935 

0.903       0.895 

0.881 

-  - 

1.857 

0.850 

0  845 

0  847 

0  SC'1 

0  864 

0  839 

0  872 

0  922 

0  820 

April 

0  870       0  864 

0  856 

0  847 

0  837 

0  831 

0  8T 

0  82& 

-  : 

0  851 

0  846 

0  893 

0  798 

Mav 

0.875      0.869 

0.861 

0.855 

0.846 

0  838 

0  833 

0  830 

0  832 

0  840 

0  852 

0  854 

0  901 

..  .  , 

0.828      0  S24 

0  810 

0  802 

0  794 

0  786 

0  783 

0  787 

0  793 

-    . 

0  807 

0  846 

Julv 

0  775      0  772 

0.764 

0.754 

0  742 

0  733 

0  723 

0  723 

0  733 

0  741 

0  7-15 

0  785 

0  707 

\ugust  

0.834       0.827 

0.819 

0.812 

- 

0  792 

0  787 

-- 

0  783 

0  789 

-  - 

0  806 

-.- 

0  759 

0  826       0  818 

0  808 

0  794 

~-  : 

0  777 

0  773 

0  781 

0  789 

0  795 

0  801 

0  847 

0  747 

0.891  ,    0.883 

0.855 

0.849 

0  844 

0  840 

0  844 

0  850 

0  859 

0  866 

0  864 

0  913 

0  812 

0  927  '    0  918 

0  900 

-- 

.-: 

0  ggo 

- 

0  898 

0  898 

0  951 

0  837 

0.062       0.048 

0.035 

0  025 

0  023 

0  023 

0  025 

0  029 

0  035 

0  039 

0  044 

0  041 

0  097 

0  991 

Year                    .  . 

0.904  >    0.894 

0  883 

0.872 

0.864 

0  859 

0  855 

0  856 

0  860 

0  867 

0  S7> 

0  876 

0  927 

0  826 

38 


CLIMATOLOGY  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

SUNSHINE  FOR  THE  YEARS  1898,  1899,  AND  1900. 
[N.  lat.  37°  48'.] 


5" 
a.m. 

Percentage  of  sunshine  recorded  during  hours  ending  (local  time)  — 

Total 

(hours). 

Per- 
centage 
of  pos- 
sible. 

6" 

7t 

8" 

9t 

10'- 

11" 

Noon 

Ik 

2' 

f 

41, 

61 

6» 

71 

8>> 

1898. 

28 
7 
55 
54 
42 
68 
40 
36 
33 
54 
40 
31 

52 
28 
69 
83 
62 
77 
60 
46 
65 
82 
61 
58 

75 
46 
75 
90 
73 
81 
80 
73 
75 
95 
74 
74 

79 
64 
81 
100 
83 
87 
96 
91 
90 
94 
86 
76 

83 
76 
86 
100 
85 
94 
98 
99 
96 
93 
90 
86 

81 
72 
94 
100 
85 
95 
100 
99 
97 
96 
93 
87 

84 
75 
93 
100 
80 
95 
100 
99 
96 
96 
96 
85 

75 
76 
89 
98 
79 
94 
99 
97 
98 
92 
96 
83 

58 
70 
87 
92 
75 
92 
97 
93 
91 
88 
84 
75 

48 
54 
85 
80 
67 
83 
92 
86 
74 
76 
49 
39 

46 
18 
54 
75 
46 
70 
70 
65 
48 
36 
0 

204.9 
162.3 
277.5 
313.3 
262.9 
328.3 
322.5 
288.3 
268.6 
277.0 
231.0 
201.3 

67 
54 
75 
79 
60 
74 
72 
68 
72 
.    80 
76 
71 

0 
26 
35 
27 
47 
36 
16 
27 
17 
31 

8 
23 
10 
32 
13 
3 
20 
10 

52 
40 
27 
54 
44 
30 
58 

29 
45 
40 
0 

April 

May                      

1C 
22 
11 

July                          

October  

49 

119 

262 

488 
41 

733 
61 

911 

76 

927 

76 

986 
82 

1,099 
92 

1,099 
92 

1,076 
90 

1,002 
84 

833 
69 

528 

305 

114 

3,  137.  9 
261.5 

848 
71 

1899. 

7 
22 
40 
60 
71 
69 
31 
43 
38 
62 
27 
47 

24 
49 
50 
79 
82 
83 
48 
54 
70 
72 
33 
47 

46 
68 
58 
82 
85 
98 
65 
80 
90 
77 
40 
61 

59 
79 
63 
91 
96 
99 
81 
90 
96 
84 
52 
73 

67 
86 
65 
96 
97 
97 
93 
95 
100 
86 
51 
75 

68 
94 
62 
93 
97 
100 
96 
94 
10ft 
88 
59 
78 

66 
95 
63 
95 
96 
100 
96 
97 
100 
89 
52 
71 

64 
93 
63 
96 
97 
100 
99 
100 
100 
85 
54 
68 

60 
92 
55 
99 
96 
100 
97 
100 
100 
82 
38 
62 

27 
68 
55 
% 
88 
98 
85 
88 
98 
71 
19 
58 

31 
32 
31 
81 
74 
S6 
66 
62 
58 
76 
0 

152.1 

215.7 
192.9 
327.7 
365.1 
382.4 
294.1 
308.4 
292.5 
272.5 
129.  1 
190.5 

50 
71 
52 
83 
85 
86 
65 
73 
78 
7c 
42 
64 

30 
21 
53 
59 
60 
25 
38 
19 
64 
26 
0 

17 
51 
58 
56 
17 
19 
23 
100 

0 

07 
68 
79 
38 
47 
60 

64 
77 
30 
0 

April 

May 

55 
53 
15 

June  

July 

October  

December  

Sum  

123 

341 

395 

517 
43 

691 
58 

850 
71 

963 
80 

1,008 
84 

1,029 
86 

1,020 
85 

1,019 
85 

981 
82 

851 
71 

597 

359 

171 

3,123.0 
260.2 

825 
69 

1900. 

I  

22 
32 
22 
53 
69 
40 
59 
65 
70 
53 
34 
39 

24 

58 
45 
61 
80 
49 
78 
70 
78 
65 
46 
48 

33 
.    74 
69 

71 
83 
68 
92 
82 
84 
77 
62 
54 

41 
88 
69 
70 
92 
84 
97 
89 
87 
86 
79 
62 

59 
82 
79 
75 
93 
93 
95 
94 
87 
92 
88 
73 

67 
87 
82 
88 
97 
96 
99 
93 
95 
97 
84 
75 

68 
86 
87 
85 
98 
96 
98 
98 
92 
95 
88 
73 

67 
87 
81 
86 
93 
93 
'96 
98 
93 
89 
85 
70 

50 
85 
73 
79 
89 
89 
94 
89 
89 
81 
66 
59 

43 

71 
56 
63 
80 
81 
89 
77 
87 
69 
41 
46 

41 
63 
43 
45 
67 
62 
72 
58 
77 
60 
0 

146.8 
222.3 
226.5 
266.5 
358.1 
296.3 
357.8 
327.7 
309.9 
268.9 
202.9 
180.6 

48 
74 
61 
67 
81 
67 
79 
78 
83 
77 
67 
61 

28 
21 
54 
66 
27 
46 
55 
67 
51 
33 
100 

17 
55 
65 
27 
45 
54 
60 
45 

57 
44 
62 
53 
61 
53 
72 

79 
54 
64 
100 

April  

May 

84 
26 
55 

June  

July 

August  .   .        

October  

December  

Sum  

165 

368 

548 

558 
46 

702 
58 

S49 
71 

944 
79 

1,010 
84 

1,060 
88 

,064 

89 

1,038 

943 

79 

803 
67 

588 

402 

297 

3,  163.  7 
263.6 

843 

70 

Percentage  of  possible.  . 

86 

CLIMATE    OF    NORTH    AND    CENTRAL    COAST. 

ANNUAL  MKTEOROLOGICAL  SUMMARY  FOR  THE  YEARS  1899  AND  1900." 

[A=37°  48'  X.;  p=122°  26'  W.;  gravity  corr.,  -0.02.] 


39 


Date. 

Pressure. 

Temperature. 

Moisture. 

Monthly  mean. 

Extremes. 

Mean. 

Extremes. 

Dew- 
point. 

Rela- 
tive hu- 
midity. 

Vapor 
pressure. 

Precipitation. 

Cloudiness. 

Maximum. 

Mliiinniin. 

a 

i 

X. 

= 
p, 

3C 

Maximum. 

Minimum. 

Monthly. 

Maximum. 

Minimum. 

a 

a 

00 

s 

A 

00 

g 
a 

00 

•s 

a, 

00 

a 

i 

X 

= 

0. 
oc 

1 

Maximum  in  24 

hourn. 

3 
i 

00 

S 
a. 

OC 

Daylight. 

1899. 

In. 

r.p.00 

29.89 
29.87 
29.87 
29.78 
29.78 
29.78 
29.83 
29.83 
29.88 
29.98 

In. 
30.24 
30.34 
30.21 
30.05 
30.03 
29.97 
29.93 
29.86 
29.% 
30.12 
30.10 
30.33 

In. 
29.35 
29.62 
29.53 
29.61 
29.61 
29.56 
29.64 
29.66 
29.61 
29.45 
29.48 
29.59 

o 
50.1 
47.5 
49.1 
49.6 
48.2 
52.0 
51.5 
54.7 
52.4 
55.2 
54.4 
46.9 

O 

56.1 
54.4 
54.7 
57.6 
54.5 
58.0 
57.1 
60.0 
58.8 
60.8 
58.6 
52.0 

0 

58.3 
58.0 
57.  3 
61.2 
58.3 
63.4 
61.5 
63.5 
65.1 
66.1 
61.0 
54.8 

0 

47.6 
45.3 
47.1 
47.9 
46.9 
50.4 
50.3 
53.1 
51.3 
52.  5 
52.6 
44.4 

o 
53.0 
51.6 
52.2 
54.6 
52.6 
56.9 
55.9 
58.3 
58.2 
59.3 
56.8 
49.6 

o 
78 
80 
74 
80 
80 
75 
73 
78 
73 
94 
65 
63 

o 
40 
34 
42 
43 
43 
47 
48 
50 
48 
46 
48 
37 

0 

46 
44 

47 
45 
44 
49 
50 
52 
52 
50 
52 
44 

48 

O 

46 
46 
48 
45 
45 
50 
51 
52 
53 
60 
53 
44 

86 
88 
92 

87 
88 
92 
95 
92 
98 
85 
90 
89 

* 

74 
75 
81 
66 
70 
74 
80 
77 
81 
71 
82 
76 

In. 
0.312 
0.295 
0.321 
0.307 
0.295 
0.353 
0.359 
0.391 
0.382 
0.364 
0.383 
0.290 

In. 
0.315 
0.321 
0.342 
0.311 
0.297 
0.354 
0.370 
0.395 
0.399 
0.364 
0.402 
0.2% 

In. 
3.67 
0.10 
7.61 
0.62 
0.86 
0.01 
0.00 
T. 
0.00 
3.92 
3.79 
2.65 

In. 
0.98 
0.08 
2.15 
0.45 
0.77 
0.01 
0.00 
T. 
0.00 
1.94 
1.51 
1.17 

4.8 
2.6 
4.6 
2.9 
2.6 
3.7 
6.3 
7.0 
3.1 
3.8 
4.9 
2.1 

7.0 
3.3 
6.4 
3.0 
2.0 
1.5 
2.4 
2.5 
1.7 
3.6 
6.4 
4.7 

6.7 
4.6 
6.5 
3.0 
2.6 
2.0 
3.6 
3.3 
3.0 
3.0 
5.8 
3.8 

February  

April 

Mav 

Julv  

September  
October  

November  
December  

Year.... 
1900. 

29.87 

30.34     29.35 

51.0     56.9 

60.7     49.1     54.9       94         34 

49     90     76     0.338 

0.347 

23.23       2.15  |  4.0  I  3.7     4.0 

29.97 
29.98 
29.85 
29.83 
29.84 
29.79 
29.73 
29.79 
29.79 
29.85 

a.  n 

30.03 

30.17 
30.20 
30.12 
30.00 
30.03 
29.96 
29.94 
30.03 
29.98 
30.07 
30.15 
30.17 

29.63 
29.62 
29.65 
29.54 
29.67 
29.63 
29.54 
29.59 
29.41 
29.56 
29.28 
29.68 

48.8 
49.9 
51.2 
50.2 
52.2 
53.2 
53.5 
55.8 
58.6 
54.8 
53.9 
48.4 

52.9 
56.8 
57.0 
55.8 
59.0 
59.6 
59.8 
60.7 
64.7 
60.4 
58.7 
52.8 

61.3 
59.5 
63.5 
C3.7 
64.6 
65.5 
70.4 
65.1 
62.2 
55.1 

46.7 
47.8 
49.1 
48.4 
50.6 
51.6 
51.9 
53.9 
56.2 
52.  4 
50.4 
45.4 

50.7 
53.6 
55.2 
54.0 
57.0 
.57.6 
58.2 
59.7 
63.3 
58.8 
56.3 
50.2 

64 
68 
71 
C9 
71 
74 
73 
82 
92 
83 
79 
63 

42 
44 
43 
45 
47 
47 
48 
50 
47 
48 
45 
40 

46 
46 

48 
44 
48 
51 
51 
52 
53 
51 
60 
44 

49 

48 
46 
49 
46 
49 
52 
52 
52 
51 
50 
50 
46 

49 

90 
88 
89 
81 
86 
94 
92 
90 
84 
88 
88 
86 

88 

84 
69 
76 
70 
70 
76 
75 
76 
66 
71 
75 
78 

0.310 
0.315 
0.335 
0.294 
0.337 
0.377 
0.374 
0.396 
0.409 
0.381 
0.366 
0.29S 

0.335 
0.313 
0.350 
0.312 
0.34S 
O.S90 
0.381 
0.398 
0.380 
0.368 
0.361 
0.311 

4.11 
0.64 
1.91 
1.08 
0.32 
0.05 

0.46 
1.48 
3.91 
1.37 

1.92 
0.50 
0.90 
0.36 
0.22 
0.04 
T. 
T. 
0.45 
0.34 
1.66 
0.74 

5.6 
3.9 
4.8 
3.8 
3.9 
6.5 
4.9 
4.7 
2.9 
4.1 
4.6 
4.8 

5.7 
4.4 
4.6 
4.3 
4.0 
3.7 
1.4 
3.2 
2.4 
3.9 
5.2 
4.7 

5.8 
3.8 
4.5 
3.8 
3.3 
3.9 
2.0 
3.4 
2.6 
3.9 
5.4 
5.0 

4.0 

February  

April 

Mav 

July 

August  

September  
October  

Xovember  
December  

Year.... 

29.86 

30.20 

29.28 

52.5 

58.2 

62.1 

50.4 

56.2 

92 

40 

74 

0.349 

0.354 

15.33       1.92 

4.5     4.0 

i  From  observations  at  8  a.  m.  and  8  p.  m.  76th  meridian  time.    Local  mean  time  3  h.  10  m.  slow. 


40 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 


ANNUAL  METEOROLOGICAL  SUMMAKY  FOR  THE  YEARS  1899  AND  1900 — Continued. 
[H=155  ft.;  ht=161  ft.;  h,-=154  ft.;  ha=167  ft.] 


Date. 

Wind. 

Number  of  days. 

By  self-registers. 

Number  of  winds,  8  a.  m.  and  8  p.  m. 

3 

X 

"3 
>. 

X 

I 

Precipi- 
tation. 

| 

CO 

'« 

I 

Maxi- 

mum 
temp. 

i 

1 

p 
!l 

s 

1 

'3 
S 

Elec- 
tricity 

£ 

>* 

fe 
fj 
f 

V 

> 

•j 

Prevailing  direc- 
tion. 

Maximum  velocity. 

Direction  at  time  of 
maximum  velocity. 

Number  of  days 
with  gales. 

A 

I 

Northeast. 

j 

Southeast. 

a 

I 

Southwest. 

J 

1 

Northwest. 

S 

3 

0.01  inch  and  over. 

0.04  inch  and  over. 

Is 

0 

i 

Above  90°. 

Thunderstorms. 

Auroras. 

1899. 
January  

Miles. 

7.9 
8.7 
9.8 
11.7 
13.9 
14.2 
15.3 
14.4 
12.6 
8.5 
6.6 
8.6 

SE. 
W. 

w. 

W. 

w. 
w. 
sw. 
sw. 
sw. 
w. 

SE. 

N. 

m. 

47 
39 
36 

38 
37 
44 
41 
39 
40 
41 
30 
30 

SW. 
W. 
W. 

w. 
w. 
w. 
w. 
w. 
w. 
w. 
sw. 
sw. 

2 
0 
0 
0 
0 
3 
1 
0 
1 
1 
0 
0 

14 
6 
2 
3 
0 
1 
0 
0 
0 
3 
12 
18 

5 
0 
1 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
2 
2 
2 

4 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
2 
3 
1 

11 
4 

7 
3 
2 
0 
0 
1 
1 
4 
11 
7 

2 
2 
9 
3 
5 
1 
0 
0 
1 
9 
6 
3 

6 
11 
16 

10 
13 
21 
35 
27 
23 
11 
6 
8 

10 
25 
25 
33 
41 
37 
27 
33 
35 
28 
16 
8 

10 
7 
1 
8 
1 
0 
0 
1 
0 
3 
4 
15 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

5 
11 
6 
18 
21 
23 
16 
18 
20 
21 
8 
18 

11 
10 
9 

10 
7 
5 
11 
11 
8 
5 
11 
6 

15 
7 
16 
2 
3 
2 
4 
2 
2 
5 
11 
7 

11 
2 
15 
5 
2 
1 
0 
0 
0 
9 
12 
10 

9 
1 
10 
3 
2 
0 
0 
0 
0 
6 
11 
10 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 

1 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

1) 

3 
5 

0 

1 
1 
1 

0 
0 
3 

1 

2 

1 

0 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

0 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

1 

0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
•0 
0 

• 
0 

-o 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

February  

April  .  . 

May 

June  ... 

July 

August 

September  
October'  . 

November  
December.  . 

Year  
1900. 

11.0 

W. 

47 

sw. 

8 

59 

12 

12     51 

41 

187 

318 

50 

0 

185 

104  ,  76 

67 

52 

0 

1 

18 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

7.2 
7.2 
10.0 
11.8 
12.1 
14.3 
14.5 
13.1 
10.9 
9.1 
6.9 
7.3 

N. 

W. 
W. 

w. 
w. 
sw. 
sw. 
sw. 
w. 
w. 

N. 
N. 

46 
32 
35 
35 
39 
41 
37 
38 
::•-• 
31 
43 
48 

SE. 

w. 
sw. 
w. 
w. 
w. 
sw. 
sw. 
sw. 
sw. 
s. 
s. 

1 
0 
0 
0 
0 
2 
0 
0 
0 
0 
1. 
1 

20 
5 
4 
2 
1 
0 
0 
0 

1 

:; 
12 
23 

3 
3 
0 
0 
1 
0 
0 
0 
0 
1 
2 
4 

1 
2 
1 
0 
0 
0 
0 
1 
0 
1 
1 
3 

13 

5 
6 
5 
1 
0 
0 
ii 
1 
;t 

2 
4 

5 
2 
10 
2 
3' 
3 
3 
2 
3 
4 
3 
7 

1 
6 

15 
13 
9 
25 
27 
28 
22 
12 
8 
1 

6 
24 
26 
31 
44 
32 
31 
31 

L'S 
3(1 
15 
3 

13 
9 
0 
6 
1 
0 
1 
0 
4 
2 
16 
17 

0 
0 
0 

1 

2 
0 
0 
0 

1 

0 

1 

0 

~r 

'  9 
13 
12 
16 
17 
15 
25 
18 
22 
15 
8 
11 

n 

10 
14 
8 
10 
11 
4 
10 
5 
10 
12 
11 

11 
5 
5 
6 
4 
4 
2 
3 
3 
6 
10 
9 

7 
6 
6 
6 
2 
2 
0 
0 
2 
9 
9 
6 

6 
2 
6 
6 
2 
1 
0 
0 
1 
6 
s 
5 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 

1 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

1 

0 
0 
3 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
6 
3 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 

I) 

0 
0 

0 

(1 

0 
2 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

(1 

0 
2 

1 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
.  0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

February 

April... 

Slav  

June  

July 

August  

September  — 
October  

November  — 
December  

Year  .... 

10.4 

W. 

48 

s. 

5 

71 

14 

10 

40 

47 

167   307     G9 

181 

116 

08 

55 

43 

0 

•2 

12 

0 

2 

0  ,     3  |    0 

CLIMATE    OF    NORTH    AND    CENTRAL    COAST. 


41 


SOME    MAXIMUM    AND    MINIMUM    TEMPERATURES. 

The  following  tables  showing  the  temperature  when  the  thermometer  registered  80°  or  above 
and  32  -  or  below  (Fahrenheit),  with  dates  of  same,  were  kindly  furnished  by  Mr.  Thomas  Tennent. 
'The  thermometers  used  by  Mr.  Tennent  were  self-registering  instruments  purchased  from 
McAllister  &  Co.,  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  and  brought  out  by  him  in  1849;  the}'  were  tested  and 
found  to  be  correct.  The  thermometers  were  exposed  on  the  north  side  of  a  building,  on  supports 
about  10  inches  from  the  walls  and  about  6  feet  above  the  ground.  The  readings  were  made  by 
Mr.  Tennent  personally,  and  cover  the  period  from  September  1,  1849,  to  December  31,  1871: 

Maximum  temperatures. 


. 

Sept.  (5,1849 80 

Oct.  13,  1849 81 

Oct.  15,1849 84 

Oct.  16,1849 85 

Oct.  17,1849 80 

Oct.  18,1849 81 

Oct.  27,^849 82 

Mar.  28,  1850 82 

Mar.  29,  1850 82 

Aug.  18,  1850 82 

Sept.  18,  1850 80 

Apr.  27,  1851 80 

Apr.  28,  1851 85 

Apr.  29,  1851 81 

Aug.  18,  1851 82 

Aug.  19,  1851 81 

Oct.  18,1851   86 

Mar.  22,  1852 81 

Mar.  23,  1852 80 

Apr.  17,  1852 80 

Apr.  18,  1852 84 

July  29,  1852 80 

Sept,  1,  1852 80 

Sept.  9,  1852 84 

Sept.  10,  1852 94 

Sept.  11,  1852 94 

Sept.  16,  1852 85 

Sept.  17,  1852 85 


. 

Sept.  18,  1852 85 

Nov.  1,  1852 81 

June  5,  1853 85 

June  6,  1853 83 

June  15,  1853 85 

June  16,  1853 85 

Sept,  5,  1853 81 

Sept.  20,  1853 80 

Oct.  21,  1853 81 

July?,  1854 84 

July  7,  1855 88 

Sept  26,  1855 84 

Sept,  5,  1856 80 

Sept.  17,  1856 80 

Sept.  18,  1856 81 

June  16,  1857 88 

Sept.  27,  1857 84 

Sept.  28,  1857 80 

Sept.  29,  1858 80 

Sept.  30,  1858 87 


"f. 

May  6,  1865 84 

June  18,  1865 82 

June  19,  1865 80 

Sept.  3,  1865 80 

Sept.  4,  1865 87 


Sept.  5,  1865 85 

Apr.  23,  1866 82 

June  26,  1866 80 

Apr.  26,  1867 82 


Oct.  1,  1859 82 

Oct.  2,  1859 80 

Apr.  26,  1860 81 

Sept.  15,  1860 85 

Sept.  17,  1860 80 

Oct.  2,1864 80 

Oct.  3,  1864 81 

May5,1865 84 


July  5,  1867 83 

July  6,  1867 93 

July7,1867 90 

Sept,  18,  1867 80 

Sept.  19,  1867 82 

Sept.  20,  1867 83 

Sept.  21,  1867 '....  83 

Oct.  7,1868 80 

Sept.  24,  1869 81 

Sept.  25,  1869 82 

Sept.  26,  1869 81 


May  6, 1870 84 

May  7, 1870 86 

July  1,  1870 82 

July  2,  1870 86 

Aug.  2,  1870 80 


Oct.  5,  1870 80 

Oct.  6,1870 83 

Oct.  2,  1871 80 


Minimum  temperatures. 


. 

Nov.  21,  1849 30 

Nov.  27,  1849 32 

Nov.  28,  1849 28 

Dec.  4, 1849 30 

Dec.  5,1849 31 

Dec.7,1849 31 

Dec.  9, 1849 32 

Dec.  10, 1849 32 

Dec.  13, 1849 29 

Jan.  13,  1850 31 

Jan.  14, 1850 32 

Jan.  19,1850 32 

Mar.  4,  1850 30 

Nov.  11,  1850 30 

J)ec.  5,1850 29 

Dec.6,1850 30 

Jan.  17,1851 30 

Mar.  20,  1851 30 

Mar.  21,  1851 32 

Jan.19,  1854 31 

Jan.20,1854 25 

Jan.  21, 1854 31 

Dec.  24,1855 29 

Dec.  25, 1855 32 

Dec.  28, 1855 2S 

Dec.29,1855 29 

Dec.30,1855 30 

Dec.  31, 1855 30 

Jan.  1.1856 30 

Dec.30,ia56 31 

Jan.  8,1857 29 

Jan.  9, 1857 32 

Feb.  7,1857 30 


. 

1  Feb.  9, 1857 32 

Jan.7,1858 31 

|  Jan.  14, 1858 '. 32 

i  Feb.  9, 1858 32 

Mar.  18,1858 32 

Dec.3,1858 32 

Dec.7,1858 28 

Dec.  8,1858 29 

Dec.  9,1858 32 

Jan.  7, 1859 32 

Jan.9,1859 29 

Jan.  10,1859 28 

Jan.  11,1859 29 

Jan.  12, 1859 30 

Pec.  22, 1859 32 

Jan.  18, 1861 32 

Jan.  3, 1862 32 

Jan.  4, 1862 26 

Jan.  24, 1 862 32 

Jan.  25, 1862 32 

Jan.26,1862 29 

Jan.  27, 1862 29 

Jan.  28, 1S62 22 

Jan.29,1862 27 

Jan. 31, 1862 25 

Feb.  1,1862 29 

Feb.2,1862 29 

Feb.  3, 1862 32 

Feb.  4, 1862 32 

Feb.  7, 1862 31 

Feb.  8, 1862 32 

Feb.  20. 1862 32 

Mar.9,1862 31 


. 

Mar.30,1862 31 

Mar.  31, 1862 32 

Apr.  2, 1862..  .  32 


May  11, 1862 32 

Dec.  4,1862 32 

Dec.  15, 1862 32 

Dec.27,1862 31 

Dec.29,1862 32 

Dec.30,1862 32 

Jan.  12, 1863 ..  .  32 


Jan.  17, 1863 32 

Feb.  9, 1863 32 

Jan.28,1864 32 

Dec.  19,1865 31 

Dec.28,1867 20 

Jan.7,1868 30 

Jan.  8, 1868 30 

Jan.  11, 1868 32 

Jan.  12, 1868 31 

Jan.17,1868 31 

Jan.  19, 1868 27 

Jan.22,1868 30 

Dec.  19, 1869 31 

Dec.  21, 1869 30 

Dec.  22, 1869 28 

Dec.  16, 1870 32 

Dec.  18, 1870 28 

Dec.  19, 1870 31 

Dec.20,1870 26 


Dec.21.1870 32 

Dec.22,1870 29 

Dec.24,1870 28 


42  CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 

NOTES  FROM  THE  RECORD  OF  G.  H.   GIBBON3,  M.  D. 

1847. 

[From  the  California  Star,  San  Francisco.] 

January  19. — Ice  nearly  one-fourth  inch  thick — the  first  of  the  season;  said  to  be  a  cold  winter. 

February  13. — Heavy  rains  still  continue  at  regular  intervals  of  four  to  eight  days.     Already  more  rain  this  season 
than  in  last  three  years. 

April  3. — A  number  of  heavy  rains  in  last  six  days.     Dry  weather  for  four  or  five  weeks  preceding.     Dry  weather 
appears  to  have  followed. 

May  8. — During  the  past  week  a  succession  of  showers,  sufficient  to  moisten  the  earth — the  annual  "May  rains;" 
none  to  come  after.     San  Joaquin  country  flooded;  unusual  amount  of  rain  on  the  mountains  hi  winter. 

May  22. — Several  light  showers  during  past  week. 

July  2. — A  light  but  refreshing  shower,  barely  sufficient  to  render  the  dust  adhesive;  a  promise  of  more. 

August  21. — Cold  winds  and  heavy  fogs  throughout  the  week. 

August  28. — A  heavy  shower  of  rain  in  evening,  with  thunder  and  lightning,  extending  some  miles  back. 

September  18. — A  week  of  hot  and  calm  weather;  92°  in  shade. 

September  25. — Sou' westers,  sea  fogs,  etc.;  "cool  to  overcoating"  this  week. 

October  20. — A  furious  norther,  lasting  till  evening. 

October  30. — Weather  dubious,  inclining  to  "heavy  wet." 

November  6. — Winter  fairly  closed  in.     The  past  week  cold  and  disagreeable,  with  drenching  rains  and  cold 
winds.     For  a  few  days  no  locomotion  allowed. 

1848. 

February  26. — Rain  fell  abundantly  the  past  week,  and  snow  on  the  mountains. 

March  18. — Heavy  rains  during  the  week.     Several  weeks  preceding  the  weather  was  delightful;  63°. 

April  1. — Rains  have  been  abundant. 

1849. 

[San  Francisco  Whig  of  September  3,  1862.] 
September  19. — Thunderstorm  on  Mokelumne  River. 

[From  the  Alta-California,  April  17, 1850.] 

The  first  southeast  blow  was  on  November  13  and  the  last  in  March;  7  southeast  blows  in  that  period,  and 
seventy-one  days  rain  in  those  one  hundred  and  thirty-nine  days.     Mean  barometer  29.12;  temperature  57°. 

1850. 

[From  the  San  Francisco  Herald.] 

September  10. — Heavy  rain  above  Marysville. 
September  11. — Shower  at  Marysville. 

September  13. — First  rain  of  season;  light  shower  at  6  a.  m.  at  San  Francisco. 
September  15. — Gentle  rain  most  of  day  at  San  Francisco. 
September  W. — Shower  last  night. 
September  20  and  22. — Rain  on  Tuolumne;  great  flood. 
September  21. — Moist  and  hazy.     Much  rain  during  day. 
September  22. — Bright  and  warm. 
September  23. — Rain  at  2  p.  m.  and  all  the  evening. 
October. — No  rain  noted  during  month. 

November  19. — Rain  at  times;  began  in  morning;  slight  showers  frequent  through  the  day  and  night.     Severe 
gale  from  southeast  in  p.  in. ;  blew  down  Presbyterian  church  on  Stockton  street  and  damaged  shipping. 
November  22. — Rain  storrn.     Price  of  carting  raised  from  $1  and  $1.50  to  $2  and  $2.50  from  mud. 
November  23. — Calaboose  inundated  1  foot  during  night. 


CLIMATE    OF    NORTH    AND    CENTRAL    COAST. 

The  tables  of  monthly  and  seasonal  rainfalls  for  San  Francisco  are  given  on  page  9. 
TOTAL  NUMBER  OF  DAYS  ON  WHICH  PRECIPITATION'  HAS  FALLEN*  FROM  MARCH  1,  1871,  TO  MARCH  1,  1901. 


43 


Mouth. 

Less  than 
0.01. 

0.01-0.10. 

0.11-0.25. 

0.26-0  JO. 

0.51-1.00. 

Oyer  1.00. 

43 

113 

65 

56 

61 

37 

!                27 

125 

56 

54 

48 

19 

i                45 

129 

63 

M 

45 

17 

April                            

50  i 

101 

44 

34 

16 

16 

JJay                                                                                                        

'                521 

74 

24 

10 

12 

3 

34 

46 

6 

"5 

3 

0 

Ju]y                                                                                                   

•                15  i 

16 

1 

0 

0 

0 

22 

13 

0 

0 

0 

0 

27 

32 

11 

7 

5 

0 

25 

62 

22 

18 

17 

12 

31 

77 

47 

35 

22 

25 

31 

97 

58 

74 

49 

38 

| 

NUMBER  OF  HIGH  WINDS,  SEPTEMBER,  1881,  TO  DECEMBER  31,  1900/' 


Velocity. 

Velocity. 

30\o3a. 

36  to  40. 

Over  40. 

30  to  35. 

36  to  40. 

Over  40. 

20 

16 

8 

Julv  

188 

56 

2 

21 

7 

1 

August  

157 

35 

*              2 

March 

41 

11 

2 

September  

107 

7 

j 

April 

82 

14 

2 

October  

35 

j 

May 

121 

15 

2 

November  ,  

„ 

6 

1% 

35 

8 

December  

24 

7 

a  All  wind  velocities  are  given  in  miles  per  hour. 
Record  commencing  September  1,  1881. 

HIGHEST  WIND  VELOCITY,  DIRECTION-,  AXD  DATE  FOR  EACH  MONTH  TO  DECEMBER  31, 


1900. 


Month. 

Velocity. 

Direc- 
tion. 

Date. 

Month. 

Velocity. 

Direc- 
tion. 

Date. 

48 

SW. 

26,1875 

Jnly  

41 

W. 

615,1898 

48 

SW 

"22,1891 

August  

42 

SW. 

2,1893 

March 

44 

N. 

8,1880 

September  

40 

W. 

27,1899 

April 

47 

NW. 

23,1871 

October  

41 

W. 

10,1899 

Mav 

45 

W. 

11,1897 

November  

56 

SE. 

30,1892 

48 

SW. 

30,1873 

December  

60 

SE. 

23,1892 

a  Cups  blew  off  before  maximum  was  reached. 


*  Also  other  dates. 


AVERAOE  VELOCITY  OF  AFTERNOON*  WINDS. 


Month. 

2  to  3. 

3  to  4. 

4  to  5. 

Month. 

2  to  3. 

3  to  4. 

4  to  5. 

Janua 

8  8 

8.6 

8.0 

July  

21.0 

21.6 

22.0 

10.5 

10.8 

10.8 

August  

20.2 

20.9 

20.8 

March 

13  4 

14.1 

14.1 

September  

17.7 

18.5 

18.4 

April 

16.7 

17.3 

16.9 

October  

13.4 

14.0 

14.1 

Mav 

18.0 

18.5 

18.1 

November  

9.2 

9.4 

9.6 

20.8 

21.3 

21.0 

December  

8.4 

8.1 

44  CLIMATOLOGY  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

GREATEST  PRECIPITATION  (INCHES  AND  HUNDREDTHS)  IN  TWENTY-FOUR  HOURS  FOR  EACH  MONTH. 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

' 
June. 

July. 

Aug. 

'  Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Greatest 
annual. 

1871 

0.57 
0.73 
0.54 
0.65 
0.45 
1.59 
0.56 
1.01 
3.31 
0.57 
0.69 
0.86 
1.63 
2.21 
0.55 
0.65 
0.52 
1.34 
3.08 
1.86 
0.68 
0.90 
0.98 
0.34 
0.67 
0.84 
1.42 
0.13 
2.15 
0.90 
0.67 

1.28 
0.35 
0.36 
0.70 
0.06 
0.60 
0.08 
0.61 
0.72 
2.21 
1.09 
0.44 
0.76 
1.66 
2.03 
1.36 
1.45 
0.11 
0.30 
0.55 
1.20 
0.38 
0.71 
0.30 
0.89 
2.43 
0.20 
0.19 
0.45 
0.36 
0.88 

0.13 
0.15 
0.00 
0.23 
0.14 
0.24 
0.18 
0.14 
0.93 
0.84 
0.17 
0.15 
1.23 
0.12 
0.04 
0.21 
0.03 
0.19 
1.29 
0.53 
0.61 
1.15 
0.14 
0.68 
0.27 
0.34 
0.61 
1.23 
0.77' 
0.22 
0.46 

0.01 
0.03 
0.01 
0.13 
0.90 
0.04 
0.01 
0.01 
0.05 
0.00 
0.41 
0.02 
0.01 
1.23 
0.10 
0.01 
0.07 
0.10 
0.03 
0.05 
0.10 
T. 
0.03 
0.22 
0.00 
0.00 
0.19 
0.18 
0.01 
0.04 
T. 

0.00 
0.01 
0.01 
0.00 
0.00 
0.01 
0.02 
0.01 
0.01 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.05 
0.23 
T. 
0.01 
0.01 
0.02 
0.09 
0.00 
0.02 
T. 
0.01 
0.04 
T. 
0.00 
0.00 
T. 

0.02 
0.00 
0.05 
0.00 
0.00 
0.01 
0.00 
T. 
0.02 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.03 
T. 
0.00 
0.01 
0.01 
T. 
0.00 
0.02 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.06 
T. 
T. 
T. 
T. 

0.00 
0.04 
0.00 
0.02 
0.00 
0.20 
0.00 
0.45 
T. 
0.00 
0.25 
0.26 
0.42 
0.21 
0.11 
0.01 
0.18 
0.92 
T. 
0.31 
0.63 
0.02 
0.12 
1.04 
0.62 
0.41 
0.08 
0.73 
0.00 
0.45 

0.07 
0.11 
0.77 
1.58 
0.22 
1.39 
0.36 
1.27 
0.56 
0.05 
0.21 
1.40 
1.19 
1.15 
0.70 
0.72 
0.00 
0.05 
2.03 
0.00 
0.03 
0.91 
0.10 
0.64 
0.06 
1.46 
1.41 
0.45 
1.94 
0.34 

1.24 
2.06 
0.80 
3.98 
2.37 
0.19 
0.56 
0.45 
1.38 
0.32 
1.34 
2.41 
1.01 
0.19 
2.58 
0.77 
0.48 
1.68 
0.92 
0.00 
0.26 
1.46 
1.69 
0.88 
1.06 
2.79 
0.42 
0.36 
1.51 
1.66 

3.14 
2.33 
2.33 
0.15 
1.50 
0.00 
1.11 
0.33 
1.55 
2.36 
1.35 
0.76 
0.28 
2.07 
2.78 
1.10 
1.14 
1.51 
1.46 
1.90 
2.21 
2.34 
0.97 
1.64 
0.51 
1.65 
1.02 
0.70 
1.17 
0.74 

3.14 
2.36 
2.33 
3.98 
2.37 
1.80 
1.63 
1.98 
3.31 
2.36 
4.67 
2.41 
1.63 
2.21 
2.78 
2.40 
3.60 
1.68 
3.08 
2.08 
3.38 
2.34 
1.69 
2.61 
1.96 
2.79 
1.42 
1.23 
2.15 
1.92 

1872                  

2.36 
1.02 
1.61 
2.19 
1.76 
1.63 
1.98 
1.04 
1.03 
4.67 
0.57 
1.30 
1.44 
0.97 
2.40 
0.80 
1.58 
0.81 
2.08 
0.75 
,   1.06 
1.39 
2.61 
1.96 
1.85 
1.08 
0.33 
0.98 
1  oo 

1.28 
0.82 
0.81 
0.27 
1.80 
0.52 
1.92 
1.66 
0.64 
1.37 
0.82 
0.71 
1.52 
0.15 
0.18 
3.60 
0.38 
0.59 
1.63 
3.38 
1.03 
1.06 
1.05 
1.44 
0.18 
1.23 
0.78 
0.08 
0.50 
1.95 

1873 

1874             

1875 

1876             

1877 

1878  

1879 

1880 

1881                      .   ... 

1882 

1883             

1884 

1885  

1886 

1887  

1888 

1889  

1890                  .     ... 

1891  

1892                    .  .     . 

1893 

1894  

1895 

1896                       

1897 

1898 

1899 

1900          '          

1901 

1.75 

Greatest  I  "  "' 
[date  . 

4.67 
29,1881 

3.60 
4-5,  1887 

3.31 
4-5,  1879 

2.43 
23-24,  1896 

1.29 
4-5,1889 

1.23 
11-12,  1884 

0.23 
16,1886 

0.06 
29-30,  1896 

1.04 
29-30,  1894 

2.03 
17-18,  1889 

3.98 
23,  1874 

3.14 
18-19,1871 

DATES  WHEN  PRECIPITATION  EQUALED  OR  EXCEEDED  2.50  INCHES  IN  ANY  CONSECUTIVE  TWENTY-FOUK  HOURS. 

Inches. 

December  17  and  18,  1871,  from  11.43  p.  in.  17th  to  11.43  p.  m.  18th 2.  83 

December  18  and  19,  1871,  from  11.43  p.  m.  18th  to  11.43  p.  m.  19th 3.  12 

November  22  and  23,  1874,  from  11.08  p.  m.  22d  to  11.08  p.  m.  23d 3.98 

March  4  and  5,  1879,  from  4.43  p.  m.  4th  to  4.43  p.  m.  5th 3.31 

January  28  and  29,  1881,  from  11.08  p.  m.  28th  to  11.08  p.  m.  29th 4.67 

November  23  and  24,  1885,  from  11  p.  m.  23d  to  11  p.  m.  24th 2.  58 

December  21,  1885, 'from  1.35  a.  m.  21st  to  1.35  p.  m.  21st 2.78 

February  4  and  5,  1887,  from  3  p.  m.  4th  to  3  p.  m.  5th 3.60 

March  12  and  13,  1889,  from  8.15  a.  m.  12th  to  8  a.  m.  13th 3.08 

February  14  and  15,  1891,  from  8.45  p.  m.  14th  to  8  p.  m.  15th 3.38 

January  19  and  20,  1894,  from  8  p.  m.  19th  to  8  p.  m.  20th 2.  61 

November  23  and  24,  1896,  6  a.  m.  23d  to  6  a.  m.  24th 2.  79 

Maximum  rates  of  rainfall  January  1,  1893,  to  December  31,  1900:  Five  minutes,  0.16;  10  minutes, 
0.19;  1  hour,  0.55.  On  February  22,  1901:  Five  minutes,  0.17;  10  minutes,  0.21.  On  October  23,  1902: 
Five  minutes,  0.16;  10  minutes,  0.20.  On  February  7,  1903:  Five  minutes,  0.19;  10  minutes,  0.23. 

GREATEST  MONTHLY  PRECIPITATION  AND  DATE. 


Month. 

Year. 

Amount. 

Month. 

Year. 

Amount. 

1862 

24  36 

July             

1886 

0.23 

1878 

12  52 

1864 

0.21 

1879 

8  75 

1898 

1.06 

April                                 

1880 

10.06 

October  

1889 

7.28 

1883 

3.52 

1885 

11.78 

1884 

2.57 

December  

1866 

15.16 

CLIMATE    OF    NORTH    AND    CENTRAL    COAST. 
LEAST  MONTHLY  PRECIPITATION  AND  DATE. 


45 


Month. 

Year. 

Amount. 

Month. 

Year. 

Amount. 

1852 

0.58 

July  

(«) 

0.00 

1864 

0.00 

August  

w 

0.00 

March 

1898 

0.24 

September  

(") 

0.00 

April 

1857 

0  00 

October  

(•) 

0.00 

May 

(a) 

0.00 

November  

1890 

0.00 

V   ' 
(a) 

0  00 

1876 

0.00 

a  Many  years. 
NUMBER  OF  TIMES  MONTHLY  PRECIPITATION  HAS  EXCEEDED  THE  NORMAL  FOR  FIFTY'  YEARS. 


Month. 

Total. 

First  25 
years. 

Second 
25  years. 

Month. 

Total. 

First  25 
years. 

Second 
25  years. 

19 

9 

10 

July  

6 

2 

4 

22 

13 

9 

August  

7 

5 

2 

20 

10 

10 

September  

18 

4 

14 

18 

9 

9 

October       ;  

16 

5 

11 

Mav 

18 

8 

10 

November  

23 

15 

8 

9 

1 

X 

December  

20 

13 

AVERAGE  HOURLY  WIND  VELOCITY  (MILES  PER  HOUR). 


Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

6.1 

6.1 

6.7 

7.3 

7.9 

9.3 

9.2 

8.9 

6.8 

5.3 

5.2 

6.1 

2am                                

6.2 

5.9 

6.3 

7.0 

7.6 

8.8 

8.8 

8.5 

6.4 

5.0 

5.1 

6.2 

6.3 

5.8 

6.3 

6.6 

7.2 

8.2 

8.2 

7.9 

6.0 

4.9 

5.2 

6.2 

6.3 

5.9 

6.2 

6.3 

6.8 

7.6 

7.8 

7.6 

5.9 

4.8 

5.1 

6.3 

6.4 

6.1 

6.3 

6.1 

6.6 

7.1 

7.4 

7.3 

5.6 

4.8 

6.2 

6.4 

6.5 

5.9 

6.1 

6.0 

6.4 

6.9 

7.4 

6.9 

5.4 

4.7 

53 

6.5 

6.4 

5.8 

6.1 

6.2 

6.7 

7.1 

7.4 

6.8 

5.4 

4.7 

5.1 

6.6 

ga  m              

6.5 

6.2 

6.6 

7.0 

7.5 

8.1 

8.0 

7.4 

5.8 

5.0 

5.5 

6.8 

7.0 

6.9 

7.3 

7.8 

8.3 

8.8 

8.6 

7.8 

6.4 

5.6 

6.1 

7.1 

7.6 

7.6 

8.0 

8.6 

9.3 

10.3 

9.9 

8.9 

7.0 

6.2 

6.6 

7.7 

lla.m           

7.9 

7.6 

8.4 

9.7 

11.0 

12.4 

11.8 

11.1 

8.3 

6.7 

6.7 

7.8 

8.2 

7.8 

9.2 

11.6 

13.3 

15.2 

14.7 

13.3 

10.7 

8.1 

6.8 

7.9 

8.4 

8.6 

10.6 

13.9 

15.4 

17.8 

17.4 

16.0 

13.3 

9.9 

7.4 

8.2 

8.7 

9.6 

12.2 

15.6 

17.0 

19.8 

19.7 

18.5 

15.7 

11.8 

8.6 

8.5 

8.8 

10.5 

13.4 

16.7 

18.0 

20.8 

21.0 

20.2 

17.7 

13.4 

9.2 

8.4 

8.6 

10.8 

14.1 

17.3 

18.5 

21.3 

21.6 

20.9 

18.5 

14.0 

9.4 

8.1 

8.0 

10.8 

14.1 

16.9 

18.1 

21.0 

22.0 

20.8 

18.4 

14.1 

9.6 

7.7 

7.6 

'.'.  - 

13.1 

15.9 

17.1 

20.1 

20.7 

19.9 

17.0 

13.2 

8.8 

7.6 

7.3 

9.0 

11.6 

14.3 

15.2 

18.2 

18.7 

17.5 

14.8 

11.0 

7.7 

7.0 

6.8 

8.3 

9.9 

12.3 

13.1 

16.1 

16.2 

15.2 

12.0 

9.0 

6.7 

6.7 

6.5 

7.4 

8.6 

10.6 

11.3 

13.5 

14.0 

18.3 

10.0 

7.7 

6.1 

6.6 

10  pm                                

6.1 

7.0 

7.8 

9.5 

10.0 

11.8 

12.3 

11.3 

9.0 

6.6 

5.6 

6.4 

11  p.  m  

5.9 

6.4 

7.2 

8.6 

9.0 

10.8 

10.8 

10.2 

8.2 

6.0 

5.2 

6.2 

12  midnight                     

6.0 

6.1 

6.8 

7.8 

8.3 

10.1 

10.0 

9.4 

7.4 

5.6 

5.1 

6.0 

7.0 

7.6 

8.8 

10.4 

11.3 

13.0 

13.1 

12.3 

10.1 

7.8 

6.6 

7.0 

46 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFOKNIA. 
MONTHLY  RELATIVE  HUMIDITY  (PEE  CENT). 


Month. 

A.  M. 

P.  M. 

Average. 

Month. 

A.  M. 

P.M. 

Average. 

January  

83 

75 

79 

July 

89 

80 

84 

February  

83 

73 

78 

90 

82 

86 

March  

8'' 

73 

78 

88 

78 

83 

April  

83 

74 

78 

October 

85 

74 

80 

May  

84 

74 

79 

82 

76 

June  

80 

80 

84 

76 

80 

DATES  OF  SNOWFALL  IN  SAN  FRANCISCO  SINCE  MAKCH  1,  1871. 

January  21,  1876. — Light  snow  fell  for  ten  minutes. 

December  31,  1882. — Heavy  snow  fell  from  11.30  a.  m.  to  4.20  p.  m. ;  amount,  3.5  inches. 
February  6,  1883. — A  few  flakes  of  snow  fell  during  the  day. 

February  7,  1884-- — Snow  fell  at  intervals  during  the  day,  depth  varying  from  1  to  2  inches. 

February  5,  1887. — Snow  fell  during  the  day;  depth  at  office,  3.7  inches,  while  in  the  western  portion  of  the  city 
it  was  fully  7  inches  deep. 

January  4,  1888. — A  few  flakes  of  snow  fell  during  the  day. 

January  16,  1888.—  Light  snow  fell  to  the  depth  of  0.1  inch. 

March  2,  1894. — A  few  flakes  of  snow  fell  during  the  day. 

March  2,  1896. — Snow  mixed  with  rain  fell  at  intervals  during  the  day. 

March  8,  1896. — Heavy  snow  fell  during  the  night;  depth  at  office  at  8  a.  m.,  1  inch. 

February  3,  1903. — Snow  and  rain,  large  flakes,  11.16  to  11.20  a.  in. 

THE  GREAT  RAINSTORM  OF  1866. 

Mr.  L.  J.  Le  Conte,  C.  E.,  of  Oakland,  has  kindly  furnished  the  following  relative  to  the 
great  rainstorm  in  this  city  on  the  19th  and  20th  of  December,  1866: 

Our  profession  is  interested  in  maximum  rainfall  in  twenty-four  hours.  I  inclose  a  copy  of  the  record  of  the 
memorable  rainfall  of  December  19  and  20,  1866,  which  is  given  in  hourly  subdivisions.  The  monthly  rainfall  was 
also  the  maximum  on  record — 15.16  inches — while  at  Sacramento  the  record  was  12.90  inches.  I  think  this  was 
published  in  full  in  the  Evening  Bulletin  in  December,  1885. 


Following  is  the  record  referred  to: 

Inches. 

December  19 — 11.45  a.  m.  to  4.45  p.  m 1.  97 

December  19 — 4.45  p.  m.  to  7.45  p.  m 2.  27 

December  19—7.45  p.  m.  to  9.50  p.  m 0.  85 

December  19—9.50  p.  m.  to  1  a.  m 1.  20 


Inches. 
December  20 —  1  a.  m.  to  8.15  a.  m 1.47 

Total  in  21  hours .   7.  76 


CLIMATE    OF   NORTH    AND    CENTRAL    COAST. 


*fa 

AM.                                                   fif 

1    S   3  4   S  6    7   8  0  JO  HK>pnl    234SG7aglO1112 

Miles 

A.M. 
ia34S673ff  JO  USk 

JP>K 

OT/    2  8    4  S  ff    7    S   9  tO  11  12 

32 

SI 

so 

19 
IS 
17 

ie 

15 
14 
13 
12 
11 
10 

7 

<y 

4 

a 

2 

1 
O 

,~ 

23 
21 
SO 
19 
IS 
17 

je 
is 

13 

is 

11 

10 

ff 

a 

7 
ff 
S 
4 
3 
2 
1 
O 

4< 

5 

\ 

s 

-v. 

/ 

/ 

1 

s 

1 

I 

' 

v 

| 

'  : 

I 

/ 

\ 

z 

^~ 

<- 

1 

\ 

/ 

/ 

// 

f' 

/,. 

"N 

s 

\ 

' 

/   i 
/ 

:'/ 

'j 

s 

5 

\ 

, 

'/ 

•, 

\ 

i 

/ 

\ 

/ 

T—  ' 

A' 

. 

x- 

. 

7 

, 

i 

•• 

I 

\ 

2 

/ 

\ 

I 

,-'  / 

1 

\\ 

s 

\ 

| 

: 

; 

I 

\ 

. 

\  ^ 

•  \ 

\ 

V\ 

d 

/ 

' 

:i 

i 

, 

•••- 



- 

v\ 

:     • 

•' 

\ 

V 

/ 

\ 

I 

I1, 

// 

:' 

j/ 

^•- 

x. 

s 

\ 

\ 

\' 

\ 

s 

/ 

,,  — 

^ 

•N 

~": 

\ 

£ 

/  ,. 

y 

i^-. 

*  
•^ 

—  ^ 

< 

\ 

\ 

• 

\: 

S 

X 

, 

< 

ti 

*r 

^ 

/ 

X 

^ 

N 

-s 

V. 

-. 

t&f' 

V 

5 

->^ 

>- 

k 

\ 

'   X 

s 

^ 

~  

•ft 

( 

•\ 

f 

^ 

x 

X 

<fS 

-~r. 

>-^ 

"•"- 

—  * 

~: 



^^^E 

--J 

* 

^•^ 

•^ 

iV. 

* 

—  - 

rr-rr 

_.  --• 

^ 

-^ 

' 

X, 

X 

--: 

5 

^ 

» 

s 

- 

FIG.  6.— Monthly  curves  of  hourly  wind  velocities. 


FIG.  7. — Hourly  wind  velocities  at  San  Francisco. 


\ 

J 

1 

4 

1 

\ 

f 

^ 

1 

1 

^ 

1 

ai 

90 

ss 

ss 

S7 
36 

as 

S3 
83 
SI 

ao 

79 
7S 
77 
7O 
75 
74 
73 
72 
71 

^ 

/\ 

/ 

\ 

f 

\ 

/ 

\ 

/ 

A 

\ 

f 

f 

^ 

\ 

\ 

^ 

/ 

1 

\ 

\ 

i 

s 

x,  S 

/ 

1 

\ 

V 

/ 

A 

\ 

\ 

J 

\ 

\ 

/ 

/ 

\ 

\ 

\ 

s 

' 

f 

\ 

\ 

\ 

W 

/ 

\ 

V 

/ 

\ 

/ 

\ 

/ 

\ 

\ 

\ 

/ 

7 

\ 

T 

w 

V 

k 

I 

i 

$ 

&» 

S 

41 
1 

f 

s 

§» 

^ 

1 

J 

4 

1 

23 
Z2 

SI 
20 
19 

ia 

17 

ie 
is 

14 
23 
13 
11 
JO 
& 
5 
7 
G 
S 
4 
3 
2 
1 
O 

1 

1 

1 

1 

FIG.  8. — Mean  relative  humidity — upper,  5  a.  m.;  lower,  5  p.  m. 


FIG.  9.— Percentage  annual  rainfall  each  month.— From  Bulletin 
D,  by  A.  J.  Henry. 


48 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 


RAINFALL  (INCHES  AND  HUNDRBDTHS)  AS  MEASURED  BY  JOHN  PETTEE,  JANUARY  1,  1865,  TO  MARCH  19,  1902. 
[In  this  record  the  day  commences  at  about  7  a.  m.  on  the  date  mentioned  and  ends  on  the  succeeding  day  at  about  7  a.  m.] 


Date. 

Amount. 

Date. 

Amount. 

1 

Date. 

Amount. 

Date. 

Amount. 

Date. 

Amount. 

Rain  year 
1861.-65.  a 

1865. 

0.04 
0.08 
0.02 
0.04 
0.88 
0.22 
1.07 
0.37 
0.10 
1.41 
0.01 
0.02 
0.35 
0.07 
0.05 
0.11 
0.04 
0.53 
0.08 
0.03 
0.04 
0.04 
0.26 
0.34 
0.05 
0.04 
0.03 
0.11 
0.22 
0.49 
0.09 
0.01 
0.29 
0.33 
0.01 
0.10 
0.13 
0.03 
0.11 
0.03 
0.17 
0.01 
0.95 
0.03 
0.83 
0.09 
0.15 
0.07 
0.74 
0.19 
1.07 
0.47 
0.02 
0.05 
0.01 
0.01 
0.04 
0.30 
0.09 
0.08 
0.01 

.Ram  year 
1S6/.-6S. 

1866. 

0.32 
0.24 
1.C2 
0.53 
1.C3 
0.59 
0.05 
0.80 
1.C5 
0.74 
0.01 
O.S5 
3.08 
0.52 
0.06 
0.12 
0.13 
0.27 
0.05 
0.55 
0.14 
0.13 
0.06 
0.01 
0.04 
0.05 
0.04 
0.31 
0.02 
0.04 
0.10 
0.46 
0.35 
0.04 
0.01 
0.67 
0.01 
0.22 
0.01 
0.02 
0.01 
0.08 
0.12 
0.07 
0.10 
0.44 
0.03 
0.01 
0.15 
0.02 
0.01 
0.01 
0.19 
0.10 
0.95 
0.10 
0.31 
0.13 
0.01 

Rain  year 
1866-67. 

1866. 
November  2  ... 
November  3  ... 
November  4  ... 
November  6  ... 
November  7  ... 
November  1C  .  . 
November  19  .  . 
November  23  .  . 
November  24  .  . 
November  25  .. 
November  29  .. 
November  30  .  . 
December  1  
December  2  
Decembers  
December  10.  .  . 
December  11... 
December  12... 
December  14... 
December  15... 
December  16... 
December  17... 
'December  18... 
December  19... 
December  20... 
December  21... 
December  23  
December  24... 
December  25... 
December  26... 
December  27... 
December  28... 
December  29... 
December  CO..  . 

1867. 

0.28 
O.C5 
0.  C5 
0.01 

0.11    ; 

0.31 
0.06 
0.16 
0.53 
0.43 
0.60  ; 
0.17 
0.70 
0.13 
0.12 
0.13 
0.69 
0-01 
0.02 
1.03 
0.10 
0.16 
2.41 
0.14 
7.67 
0.67 
0.13 
0.08 
0.04 
0.78 
0.10 
0.41 
0.28 
0.20 

0.01 
0.39 
0.64 
0.02 
0.24 
0.75 
0.04 
0.08 
0.34 
0.46 
1.14 
0.34 
0.70 
0.04 
0.17 
1.03 
0.20 
0.02 
0.01 
0.56 
0.65 
1.74 
1.76 
0.14 
0.04 

Rain  year 
1866-67. 

1867. 
February  27  
February  28  ... 
March  1 

1.02 
0.60 

0.21 
0.42 
0.02 
0.09 
0.00 
0.20 
0.92 
0.22 
0.26 
0.04 
0.70 
0.53 
0.01 
0.04 
0.01 

Rain  year 
1867-6,1. 

1868. 
January  13  

0.05 
0.53 
1.07 
0.04 
0.50 
1.00 
0.81 
0.82 
0.77 
0.87 
.0.08 
0.24 
0.54 
0.33 
0.11 
0.02 
1.43 
0.31 
2.41 
0.21 
0.18 
0.38 
0.09 
0.11 
1.39 
0.17 
0.22 
0.04 
0.07 
0.11 
0.22 
0.07 
0.93 
1.02 
0.02 
0.03 
0.12 
0.14 
0.45 
0.21 
0.86 
0.10 
0.01 
0.14 
0.03 
0.02 
0.02 
0.01 
0.01 
0.10 
0.06 

January  18  
January  24  
January  25  
January  26  
January  27  
January  28  
January  30  
January  31  
February  1  
February  11  ... 
February  13  ... 
February  14  ... 
February  15  ... 
February  16  ... 
February  17  ... 
February  18  ... 
February  19  ... 
February  21  ... 
February  27  ... 
February  28  ... 
March  1 

January  19  
January  20  
January  21  
January  22  
January  23  
January  24  
January  25  
January  26  
February  7  
February  19  
February  20  ... 
February  21  
February  22  ... 
February  23  ... 
February  24  ... 
February  25  ... 
February  26  ... 
February  27... 
February  28  ... 
February  29  ... 
March  1  

March  8 

January  10  
January  11  
January  12  
January  13  
January  16  
January  17  
January  18  
January  19  
January  20  
January  21  
January  22  
January  23  
January  24  
January  31  
February  1  
February  2  
February  3  — 
February  5  
February  9  
February  10  ... 
February  12  ... 
February  26  ... 
February  27  ... 
February  28  ... 
March  1 

March  10  

March  17 

March  20  

March  21 

March  31  

April  4 

April  9 

AprillO  

April  11 

April  12  

May  17 

May  24  

Total  

Rain  year 
1S67-6S. 

1867. 
September  14.. 

35.94 

0.06 
0.56 
0.44 
0.50 
0.28 
0.61 
0.01 
0.73 
0.37 
0.17 
0.03 
0.02 
0.17 
0.30 
O.C3 
0.36 
0.02 
0.10 
0.54 
1.75 
0.73 
0.80 
1.21 
2.03 
0.72 
0.83 
0.03 
0.11 
0.68 
2.40 

0.47 
0.05 
0.14 
0.13 
0.58 
0.90 
0.43 

March  3  

March  2  

March  1 

November  5  ... 
November  6  ... 
November  18.. 
November  19  .. 
November  20  .  . 
November  21  .  . 
November  23  .  . 
November  24  .  . 
November  25  .  . 
November  30  .  . 
December  1  
December  7  
Decembers  — 
December  9  
December  12... 
December  15... 
December  16.  .. 
December  17.  .  . 
December  18.  .  . 
December  20.  .. 
December  21  ... 
December  22.  .  . 
December  23... 
December  24.  .  . 
December  25  
December  29... 
December  30... 
December  31... 

1868. 
January  1  
January  2  
Januarys  
January  4  
Januarys  
Januaryll  
January  12  

March  3  

March  11 

March  4 

March  12 

March  11    
March  12  

March  19  

April  6 

March  13  

April7  

March  4 

March  14  

April  8 

March  15  

April  27 

March  20 

May  17 

March  7 

March  21  

MaylS  

March  8 

March  22  

July  1C 

March  17 

April  1  

September  24  .  . 
September  20  .  . 
October  7 

March  18 

April  2 

March  10 

Aprils  

March  20 

January  4  

April  6  

October  8 

March  21 

April  9  

March  22 

January  19  
January  11  
January  12  
January  14  
January  18  
January  19  
January  20  
January  21  
January  22  
January  23  
January  24  
January  25  
January  26  
January  29  
February  2  
February  9  
February  18  ... 
February  19  ... 
February  20  ... 
February  21  ... 
February  25  ... 
February  26  ... 
n  Part 

AprillO  

October  23  

March  23 

April  11  

March  24 

April  13      

November  13  .. 
November  14  .  . 
November  16  .  . 
November  17  .  . 
November  18  .  . 
November  19  .  . 
November  20  .  . 
November  21  .  . 
November  22  .  . 
November  30  .  . 
December  1  
December  7  
December  9  
December  13... 
December  21... 
December  23... 
December  24... 
December  25  
December  26... 

March  25 

April  14  

March  29 

April  29  

March  30 

April  30  

March  31 

Mav  12  

April  14 

Mav  13  

April  18 

May  18  

April  29 

June  12  

April  30 

June  22  

May  V 

June  23  

Mavl7 

Total  .... 

Rain  year 
1868-fi9. 

1868. 
September  30  .  . 
October  1  
October  2  
October  '.''2  

40.62 

May  22 

0.12 
0.08 
0.02 
0.02 

May  25  

Mav  26 

Mav  27 

June  21 

Total  .... 

23.57 

CLIMATE    OF    XOBTH    AND    CENTRAL    COAST.  49 

RAINFALL  (INCHES  AND  HUXDREDTHS)  AS  MEASURED  BY  JOHN  PETTEE,  JANUARY  1,  1865,  TO  MARCH  19,  1902 — Cont'd. 


Date. 

Amount. 

Date. 

Amount. 

Date. 

Amount. 

Date. 

Amount. 

Date. 

Amount. 

Sain  year 
1868-69. 

1868. 
November  4  

0.06 

Rain  year 

isea-70. 

1869. 
July  10  

0.07 

Ruin  year 
1870-71. 

1870. 
September  29  .  . 

0.04 

Rain  year 
1871-73. 

1871. 

0  02 

Rain  year 
1871-72. 

1872. 

0  73 

November  18  .  . 
November  19  .  . 

0.64 
0.39 

September  2  .  .  . 
i  October  18  

0.09 
0.05 

September  30  .  . 
November  4  

0.02 
0.02 

September  16.. 
October  27 

0.04 
0.13 

February  29  ... 
March  4 

0.15 
0  49 

November  24  .- 

0.19 

October  19  

0.64 

November  6  .  .  . 

0.20 

November  3 

0.09 

March  5 

0  09 

November  29  .  . 

0.07 

October  20  

1.07 

November  7  ... 

0.12 

November  12  .. 

0.02 

March  8 

0  35 

December  17  .  . 

0.50 

October  21  

0.58 

November  8  .  .  . 

0.01 

November  14  .  . 

0.15 

March  10  

0.25 

December  19  .  . 

0.01 

November  5  ... 

0.15 

November  9  .  .  . 

0.03 

November  15 

0.08 

March  11 

0  17 

December  21  .. 

0.11 

November  10.. 

0.81 

November  26  .  . 

0.03 

November  24  .  . 

0.29 

March  •» 

0  01 

December  22  .  . 

0.14 

November  11  .. 

0.15 

November  29  .  . 

0.08 

November  25  .  . 

0.06 

March  26  

0.08 

December  23  .. 

1.32 

November  12  .  . 

0.04 

December  1  .  .  . 

0.63 

November  26 

0.81 

March  30 

0  09 

December  24  .. 

0.12 

November  27  .  . 

0.09 

December  '2  ... 

0.40 

November  27  .  . 

0.11 

April  12  

0.13 

December  25  .  . 

0.62 

December  7. 

1.23 

December  5  

1.28 

November  28 

0.66 

April  14 

0  35 

December  26  .. 

0.61 

Decembers  

0.44 

December  6  ... 

0.31 

December  1  

0.11 

April  15  

0  36 

December  29  .. 

0.15 

December  10... 

0.30 

December  7  .  .  . 

0.04 

December  2  

0.01 

April  16  

0  20 

December  30  .  . 

0.45 

December  22. 

0.38 

Decembers  ... 

0.01 

December  17 

L50 

April  26 

0  18 

December  31  .. 

0.37 

December  23... 

0.61 

December  13  .  . 

0.17 

December  18.  .  . 

2.54 

MaySl  

0  11 

December  24 

1.35 

December  14  .  . 

0.20 

December  19 

1.28 

0  01 

January  1  

0.86 

December  25.  .. 

0.19 

December  20.  .  . 

1.22 
0  10 

Total.... 

28.91 

January  2  
January  3  

0.20 
0.01 
0.09 

187'). 
January  10  
January  12 

0.20 
0.21 

1871. 
January  9  

0.48 

December  22... 
December  23... 

1.57 
1.36 

Rain  year 
1871-73. 

January  10  
January  11  
January  13  
January  22  
January  23  
January  25  
January  26  
January  27  
January  28  
January  29  
January  30  
February  2  
Februarys  

0.01 
0.05 
0.11 
0.25 
1.50 
0.33 
0.30 
0.02 
0.62 
1.08 
0.04 
0.63 
0.09 

January  13  
January  14  
January  15  
January  17  
January  18  
January  19  
January  20  
January  21  
January  22  
January  23  
February  9  
February  11  ... 
February  12  ... 

0.59 
1.13 
0.03 
0.03 
0.88 
0.13 
0.32 
0.15 
0.07 
0.02 
0.46 
0.16 
0.02 

January  10  
January  17  
January  18  
January  22  
January  23  
January  27  
January  28  
February  3  
February  4  
February  6  
February  7  
February  13  ... 
February  14  ... 

0.14 
0.54 
0.15 
0.39 
0.24 
0.31 
0.09 
0.01 
0.39 
O.C3 
0.01 
0.30 
0.30 
0  34 

December  24  
December  26... 
December  27... 
December  28.  .. 
December  29... 
December  30.  .  . 
December  31... 

1872. 

January  2  
Januarv-3  
Januarys  
January  6  
January  7  . 

0.03 
0.20 
0.65 
0.16 
0.62 
0.16 
1.17 

0.56 
0.02 
0.20 
0.09 
1.34 

1872. 
September  25.. 
October  25  
October  26  
November  3  ... 
November  4  
November  8  ... 
November  11  .. 
November  12  .  . 
November  28.. 
November  29  . 
December  4... 
December  22... 

0.04 
0.05 
0.04 
0.20 
0.02 
0.01 
0.49 
0.01 
0.62 
1.60 
0.04 
0.75 

February  7  1 

Februarv  20 

0.86 

January  8  

1.30 

December  23  

0.46 

February  10  ... 
February  11  
March  12    . 

1.82 
0.08 
0.12 
0.07 

February  17  ... 
February  19... 
February  20  ... 

0.02 
0.44 
0.40 

February  21  ... 
February  22  ... 
February  23  ... 

1.03 
0.01  .' 
0.22 

January  10  
January  11  
January  12  

0.07 
0.01 
0.01 

December  24... 
December  25.  .  . 
December  23.  .. 

2.31 
1.17 
0.36 

March  5  

0.04 

January  13  

0.01 

December  2  /... 

0.94 

March  6  

0.22 

January  30  

0.04 

December  28... 

1.62 

March  12  

0.14 

January  31  — 

0.01 

December  30... 

0.13 

March  14  

0.04  ! 

February  1  

0.01 

1873. 

March  16  

0.15  ! 

February  2  

0.04 

January  1  

0.17 

March  18  

0.07 

Februarys  

0.12  ; 

Januarv2  

0.26 

March  19  

0.13 

February  4  

0.01  ' 

January  4  

0.12 

March  22  

0.19 

February  7  

0.80 

Januarys  

0.01 

March  24 

0  03 

March  12 

0  11 

March  23  

0.25 

February  8  

1.15 

January  10  

0.11 

0  94 

March  24  

0.03 

February  10  ... 

0.49 

January  11  

0.06 

March  17 

0  01 

Aprils  

0.06 

February  11  ... 

0.01 

January  12  

0.07 

March  22  

0.30 

April  4  

0.68 

February  13  ... 

0.14 

January  29  

0.20 

March  29  

0.03 

Aprils  

0.81 

February  14  ... 

0.01 

January  30  

0.30 

April2  

0.25 

April  7  

0.01 

February  15 

0  24 

January  31  

1.31 

Aprils  

0.44 

April  16  

0.49 

February  16  ... 

0.31 

February  1  

0.33 

May  17 

0  03 

April  4  

n.iil 

May  4  

0.01 

February  17... 

0.10 

February  2  

0.22 

May7  

0.01 

February  18  ... 

0.08 

Februarys  

0.22 

Mav  22 

0  07 

May  3 

May  15  

0.06 

February  21  ... 

0.95 

February  4  ' 

0.06 

Mav23 

0  C3 

Mav  18 

0  09 

May26  

0.04 

Februarv  23  ... 

1.30 

0.02 

June  14 

0  06 

Mav  19 

0  13 

Mav  28 

0  39 

1  07 

Total  

20.56 

Total  

20.22 

Total  

1 

13.10 

February  25  ... 
Fi'hru»rv  *2fi 

a  19 

n  n? 

February  9  

0.02 
n  32 

1176— Bull.  L— 03- 


50  CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 

RAINFALL  (INCHES  AND  HUNDREDTHS)  AS  MEASURED  BY  JOHN  PETTEE,  JANUARY  1,  1865,  TO  MARCH  19,  1902 — Cont'd. 


Date. 

Amount. 

Date. 

Amount. 

Date. 

Amount. 

Date. 

Amount. 

Date. 

Amount. 

Rain  year 
1872-75. 

1873. 
February  12  .  .  . 
February  14  .  .  . 
February  16  ... 
February  16  .  .  . 
February  17  .  .  . 
February  18  .  .  . 
February  23  .  .  . 
February  25  .  .  . 
February  26  .  .  . 
February  27  ... 
February  28  .  .  . 

0.23 
0.01 
0.28 
0.05 
1.01 
0.03 
0.14 
0.01 
0.68 
0.04 
0.05 
0.48 
0.10 
0.25 
0.02 
0.12 
0.30 
0.01 

Rain  year 
1S7S-71,. 

1874. 
January  21  
January  25  
January  26  
January  27  
January  28  
January  30  
February  2  
February  6  
February  8  
February  9  
February  10  .  .  . 
February  11  .-.. 
February  12  ... 
February  13  .  .  . 
February  16  ... 
February  17  ... 
February  28  ... 
March  1 

0.14 
0.36 
0.09 
0.22 
0.44 
0.31 
0.29 
0.02 
0.08 
0.01 
0.10 
0.26 
0.19 
0.82 
0.17 
0.14 
0.41 
0.33 
0.21 
0.08 
0.06 
0.16 
0.01 
0.35 
0.22 
0.75 
0.06 
0.02 
0.64 
0.13 
0.19 
0.34 
0.01 
0.04 
0.01 
0.12 
0.02 
0.06 
0.01 
0.58 
0.05 
0.02 
0.33 
0.03 
0.25 
0.04 
0.05 
0.03 
0.06 
0.01 
0.01 

Rain  year 
lSlk-15. 

1874. 
October  22  
October  24  
October  25  
October  26  
October  27  
November  3  .  .  . 
November  4  ..  . 
November  5  ... 
November  "7  ... 
November  9  .  .  . 
November  10  .  . 
November  12  .  . 
November  17  .  . 
November  21  .  . 
November  22  .  . 
November  23  .  . 
November  24  .  . 
November  30  .  . 
December  2  
December  14... 
December  23... 
December  25.  .. 

1875. 

January  11  
January  13  
January  14  
January  15  
January  16  
January  17  .  .'.  . 
January  18  
January  19  
January  20  
January  21  
January  22  
January  23  
January  24  
January  31  
February  24  ... 
March  1  

0.03 

0.59 
1.26 
0.17 
0.01 
0.02 
0.43 
0.98 
0.14 
0.02 

0.0-2 

0.01 
0.02 
0.10 
1.18 
2.43 
0.01 
0.05 
0.09 
0.02 
0.04 
0.11 

0.01 
0.85 
0.45 
0.01 
0.22 
1.12 
1.35 
0.52 
0.01 
0.17 
1.26 
0.80 
0.09 
0.27 
0.01 
0.12 
0.27 
0.25 
0.01 
0.10 
0.01 
0.04 
0.32 
0.09 
0.01 
0.01 
0.01 
0.07 
0.09 
0.88 
0.12 

Rain  year 
1876-76. 

1875. 
October  31  
November  1  .  .  . 
November  6  .  .  . 
November  10  .. 
November  11  .  . 
November  12  .  . 
November  13  .  . 
November  14  .. 
November  15  .  . 
November  16  .  . 
November  17  .. 
November  18  .  . 
November  20  .  . 
November  22  .  . 
November  23  .  . 
November  24  .  . 
November  25  .  . 
November  26  .  . 
November  29  .  . 
November  30  .  . 
December  1  
Decembers  
December  18... 
December  24.  .  . 
December  25... 
December  26... 
December  27... 
December  28... 
December  31  ... 

1876. 
January  2  . 

0.01 
0.36 
0.20 
0.03 
0.01 
0.34 
0.24 
0.21 
0.11 
1.87 
1.60 
0.26 
0.03 
0.06 
0.18 
0.04 
0.01 
1.03 
0.01 
0.64 
0.03 
0.59 
0.45 
0.70 
0.02 
0.12 
0.92 
0.25 
0.27 

1.40 
0.65 
0.09 
0.95  , 
0.65 
0.36 
0.17 
0.26 
0.72 
1.37 
0.16 
0.03 
0.42 
0.02 
0.01 
0.02 
1.12 
0.73 
0.05 
0.62 
0.62 
0.31 
0.03 
0.55 
0.36 
0.40 
0.94 
O.lil 
0.46 
1.09 
0.38 
0.26 

Rain  year 
1875-76. 

1876. 
March  11 

0.05 
0.27 
0.  15 
0.06 
0.25 
0.54 
0.03 
0.10 
0.07 
0.06 
0.06 
0.26 

•o.oi 

0.04 

March  12 

March  28  

March  29  

April  3 

April  6  

April  8 

April  9  

April  17 

April  21 

April  28  

May  19 

March  6  

May  23 

March  15  

March  30  

Total  .  .  .  . 

Sain  year 
1876-77. 

1876. 

28.28 

April  2 

April  20  

0.02 
0.01 
0.19 
0.11 
0.02 
0.45 
0.78 
0.07 
0.17 
1.21 
0.22 
0.08 
0.22 

0.06 
0.46 
0.37 
0.17 
0.18 
0.09 
0.01 
0.36 
0.65 
0.13 
1.10 
0.36 
0.01 
0.28 
0.31 
0.01 
0.06 
0.29 
0.05 
0.15 
0.08 
0.14 
0.56 
0.07 
0.02 
0.02 
0.01 
0.10 
0.11 

April  27 

Total  .... 

Rain  year 
187S-7lt. 

1873. 
July  14  

March  2 

19.54 

March  3  ... 

0.02 
0.01 
0.02 
0.14 
0.36 
0.06 
0.35 
0.01 
0.07 
0.77 
0.05 
1.93 
1.09 
0.16 
0.60 
0.14 
0.65 
0.35 
0.30 
0.18 
0.43 
0.11 
0.01 
0.42 
0.37 
0.22 
0.63 
1.44 
0.49 
0.17 

1.52 
0.01 
0.06 
0.68 
0.49 
0.14 
0.25 
C.59 
0.04 

March  4  

July  6  

March  5  .  . 

September  4  .  .  . 
September  29.. 

March  6  

March  7  

July  22  

March  10  

August  4  

March  11  

October  6  

March  12 

October  25  

October  7  

March  13  

October  8  

March  14  . 

October  27  
October  28  
Novembers  ... 
November  16  .. 

1877. 

January  15  
January  16  

November  5  
November  12  .  . 
November  13  .  . 
November  29  .  . 
November  30  .  . 
Decembers  
December  4  
Decembers  
December  6  
December  7  
Decembers  
December  9  
December  13... 
December  14... 
December  15.  .  . 
December  16... 
December  18... 
December  19... 
December  21... 
December  27... 
December  28... 
December  29.  .. 
December  30.  .  . 
December  31  ... 

•1874. 
January  1  
January  2  
January  14  
January  15  
January  16  
January  17  
January  18  
January  19  
January  20  

March  15  

March  25 

March  27  

March  28 

January  3 

April  2 

April  3 

April  4  

January  7 

April  5 

January  19  
January  20  
January  21  
January  22  
January  23  
January  24  
January  25  

April  9  

January  18  

April  10 

January  20  
January  21  

March  2  

April  29 

March  3  

March  5  

January  28  
January  29  
January  30  
January  31  
February  2  
February  11  ... 
February  12  ... 
February  20  ... 
February  22  ... 
February  25  ... 
February  28  ... 

May  4 

March  24  

March  26  

January  27  
January  30  
February  4  
February  7  
February  8  
February  9  
February  10  ... 
February  11  ... 
February  24  ... 
February  25  
February  26  ... 
February  27  ... 
March  1  

May  6 

March  27  

March  28  

April  4  

April  29  

May5  

May  7  

Total  .... 

Rain  year 
1871.-76. 

1874. 
Septembers... 
September  30  .  . 
October  1  
Octobers  
October  15  
October  18  
October  21  ... 

May  14 

24.55 

June  12  

0.05 
0.  05 
0.02 
0.15 
0.03 
0.13 
0.36 

June  13  

June  16  

March  2 

Total  .... 

Rain  year 
1875-76. 

1875. 
October  25  
October  26  
October  27  ... 

18.15 

March  5 

March  9  .  . 

0.02 
0.18 
0.03 

March  2 

March  10  
March  14  
March  28  
April  2  

March  3  

March  6  

March  7  . 

April  7 

March  8  .  . 

Aoril  14... 

CLIMATE    OF    NORTH    AND    CENTRAL    COAST. 


51 


R.\iNFALL  (INCHES  AND  HUNDREDTHS)  AS  MEASURED  BY  JOHN  PETTEE,  JANUARY  1,  1865,  TO  MARCH  19,  1902 — Cont'd. 


Date. 

Amount. 

Date. 

Amount. 

Date. 

Amount.  , 

Date. 

Amount. 

Date. 

Amount. 

Rain  year 
1876-77. 

1877. 
\pril  15 

0  04 

ItuiH  year 
1ST7-78. 

1878. 
February  15  ... 

0.34 

Rain  year 
1878-79. 

1879. 
January  22  

0.43 

Rain  year 
1879-SO. 

1879. 
November  13  .. 

0.49 

Rain  year 
1879-SO. 

1880. 
April  21  

0.36 

April  18 

0  02 

February  16 

0  16 

0.79 

November  28  .  . 

0.55 

April  22  

0.04 

May  28 

0  13 

0.74 

January  24  

0.04 

November  29  .  . 

0.66 

May4  

0.15 

0  01 

February  18 

1  55 

0.40 

November  30  .  . 

0.63 

Mays  

0.01 

0  05 

0  01 

0.02 

Mav  10  

0.78 

Total  .... 

9.96 

February  20 

0  09 

0.22 

December  2  

0.64 

May  11  

0.11 

Rain  year 

0  98 

0  02 

0.08 

May  12 

0.01 

1877-78. 

0  19 

0  82 

December  5  

0.39 

June  23  

0.01 

1877. 

0  05 

February  26  ... 

0.86  I 

February  9  

0.75 
0  06 

December  7  

0.35 
0  20 

Total.... 

23.62 

0.25 

March  3  

0.66 

February  11  ... 

1.32 

December  18... 

0.41 

Rain  year 

0  30 

March  4 

0.01  ' 

Februarv  12  ... 

0.29 

December  19  

0.77 

188O-81. 

0.01 

0.26  ' 

February  13  ... 

0.05 

December  20... 

0.18 

1880. 

0  07 

March  6 

0  76 

0  49 

December  21  

0.57 

October  7  .  . 

0.06 

0  27 

March  7 

0.05 

February  16  .  . 

0.24 

December  22.  .. 

0.02 

October  31  

0.01 

0.16 

March  9  

0.05 

February  17  

0.15 

December  28... 

0.22 

November  22  .  . 

0.05 

0  56 

March  12 

0  16 

March  1  

0.11 

November  23  . 

0.34 

0.11 

March  13  

0.72 

March  3  

0.01 

December  1  

2.00 

November  15  ,  . 

0.15 

March  14  

0.01 

March4  

3.55 

December  2  

0.74 

0.02 

March  17  

0.07 

March  5  

1.C5  i 

December  3  

0.09 

0.14 

March  20  

C.54 

Marche  

0.71 

December  4  — 

0.48 

0.22 

March24  

0.51 

March7  

0.30 

Decembers  

0.05 

0  os 

March  26 

0  51 

March  8 

0  88 

0  09 

1  05 

March  27 

0  01 

March  18 

0  21 

January  24  

0.15 

0.02 

0  06 

March  29 

0.22 

March  19  

0.51 

0.46 

December  13. 

0.20 

0  31 

April  2 

0  04 

March  21 

0  31 

0.09 

2,00 

0  02 

April  3 

0.01 

March  22  

0.02 

February  8  

0.07 

December  16 

0.71 

0  41 
"' 

April  14  

0.48 

March  24  

0.01  , 

0.27 

December  18.  .. 

1.03 

0  01 

April  15 

0  21 

0  02 

0.17 

1.08 

0  25 

April  18        .     . 

0.58 

March  26  

0.06  < 

0.14 

December  20 

0.19 

April  19 

0  01 

Aprils 

0  14  ! 

0.  75 

December  22 

0  32 

1878. 

April  20 

0.01 

April4  

0  08 

February  19  ... 

0.07 

0.85 

Januarys  

0.02 

0.23 

May  19 

0  05 

Aprils 

0  60 

0  65 

January  6  

0.15 

Februarv  22  ... 

0.17 

May  20 

0  10 

0  05 

0  08 

January  7  

0.63 

February  23  ... 

0.01 

May  29 

0.02 

April  10  

0.22 

December  26 

0.35 

0.01 

0.03 

MaySl  

0.01 

April  12  

0.01  1 

March  1 

0  07 

December  27... 

0.05 

April  13  

0.21 

December  28... 

0.14 

April  18 

0  11 

0  01 

January  14  

1.24 

Rain  year 

April  19  

0.64 

March  3  

0.11 

1878-79. 

May6  

0.08  i 

January  16  

1.27 

1878. 

May  13  

0.03 

July  9  

0.01 

Mavl7  

0.79 

January  18  

0.30 

July  16  

0.03 

May  18  

0.32 

January  21  

0.34 

September  16  .  . 

0.02 

May  19  

0.25  : 

September  26  .  . 

0.01 

May27  

0.30 

•    _  

January  23  

1  21 

September  28.. 

0.07 

June  9  

0.04  ': 

March  28 

0  02 

0  42 

anuarj  .      .. 

0  13 

September  29.. 

0.36 

Total 

•x>  17 

March  31 

0  16 

3  06 

a        ^     

October  13  

0.21  • 

Januarys?  

1.41 
0  67 

October  14  

0.84 

Rain  year 

April  2  

1.03 
0.33 

January  29  

January  OH. 

1.93 
0.28 

0.41 

November  4  ... 

0.08 

1879-80. 

April  3  

0.04 

February  1  

0.01 

0  37 

November  14  .. 

0.46. 

1879. 

April  4  

0  04 

0.3» 

0  04 

Decembers  

0.15 

July  7  .. 

0  01 

Aprils 

0  61 

0  49 

0  65 

December  6  

0.02 

September  23  .  . 

o.oi  ; 

April  8. 

0.21 

0.19 

0  40 

Decembers  

0.03 

October  6 

0  40 

April  9 

0  57 

0  01 

0  51 

December  9  

0.08 

October  11  

0.30 

April  12 

0  18 

0  37 

0.24 

December  30... 

0.29 

November  4  

0.03 

April  13  

0.38 

February  8  .  . 

0.04 

0  02 

December  31... 

0.07 

November  5  

0.15 

April  14 

0  82 

0  01 

0.65 

1879. 

November  7  

0.08 

April  15  

0.75 

.  J?phrnnry  V? 

0.36 

1  02 

January  8  

0.14 

November  8  . 

0  69 

April  16 

0  13 

February  13 

0  10 

0.56 

January  11  

0.76 

November  9  

0.10 

April  17  

0.13 

1.1» 

0  59 

0.40 

November  11  . 

0.23 

\pril  19 

1  37 

February  16 

0  01 

February  14  .  . 

1.11 

January  17  .. 

0.04 

November  12  .  . 

0.05 

April  20... 

1.59 

Februarv  24  .  . 

0.10 

52  CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 

KAINFALL  (INCHES  AND  HUNDREDTHS)  AS  MEASURED  BY  JOHN  PETTEE,  JANUARY  1,  1865,  TO  MARCH  19,  1902 — Cont'd. 


Date. 

Amount. 

Date. 

Amount. 

Date. 

Amount. 

Date. 

Amount. 

Date. 

Amount. 

Rain  year 
1880-81. 

1881. 
February  25  ... 
February  26  ... 
February  28  ... 
March  8 

0.87 
0.07 
0.03 
0.68 
0.08 
0.01 
0.10 
0.03 
0.06 
0.01 
0.22 
0.22 
0.28 
0.22 
0.16 
0.86 
O.C3 
0.06 
0.05 
0.15 
0.07 
0.22 
0.35 

Main  year 
1881-82. 

1882. 
January  23  
January  25  
January  26  
January  30  
January  31  
February  9  — 
February  10  ... 
February  11  ... 
February  12  .  .  - 
February  15  ... 
February  16  ... 
February  23  ... 
February  24  ... 
February  25  ... 
February  26  ... 
February  28  ... 
March  1  

0.41 
0.39 
0.05 
0.24 
0.02 
0.50 
0.22 
0.01 
0.31 
0.02 
0.25 
0.59 
0.01 
0.51 
0.14 
0.02 
0.04 
0.81 
0.40 
0.02 
0.57 
0.53 
0.54 
0.28 
0.07 
0.21 
0.09 
0.02 
0.01 
0.01 
0.32 
0.43 
0.50 
0.01 
0.12 
0.01 
0.07 
0.08 
0.01 
0.15 
0.03 
0.03 

Bain  year 
1881-83. 

1882. 
November  7  ... 
November  8  ... 
November  22  .  . 
November  25  .  . 
November  26  .  . 
November  29  .  . 
December  10... 
December  11... 
December  17  
December  19... 
December  22... 
December  23... 
December  27... 
December  28... 
December  31... 

1883. 

0.13 
0.01 
0.22 
0.02 
0.03 
0.01 
0.02 
0.08 
0.25 
0.56 
0.10 
0.08 
0.09 
0.01 
1.18 

0.11 
0.01 
0.03 
1.08 
0.11 
0.01 
0.12 
0.46 
0.11 
0.02 
0.28 
1.42 
0.44 
0.45 
0.18 
0.07 
0.08 
0.51 
0.03 
0.02 
0.02 
0.08 
0.28 
0.62 
0.07 
0.75 
0.91 
0.76 
0.17 
0.02 
0.02 
0.02 
0.15 
0.56 
0.07 
0.03 
0.02 

Main  year 
1883-81,  . 

1883. 
October  25  
October  2C  
October  27 

0.02 
1.05 
0/06 

0.17 
0.45 
0.26 
0.22 
0.13 
0.02 
0.27 
0.08 
0.46 
O.C9 
0.02 
0.05 
0.02 

0.05 
0.07 
0.04 
0.39 
0.02 
0.02 
0.03 
0.58 
0.16 
0.52 
0.92 
0.87 
0.14 
0.01 
0.21 
0.42 
0.32 
0.72 
0.15 
0.01 
1.17 
1.38 
0.71 
0.05 
0.09 
0.02 
0.05 
0.44 
0.29 
1.00 
1.68 
0.41 
0.05 
0.30 
0.69 
0.06 
0.05 
0.06 
0.90 
0.15 
0.73 
0.29 
0.01 
1.10 
1.10 

Main  year 
1883-81,  . 

1884. 
April  10    

0.33 

1.41 
0.04 
0.07 
1.33 
0.01 
0.12 
0.20 
0.13 
0.02 
0.08 
0.01 
0.07 
0.63 
0.01 
1.11 
0.39 
0.11 
0.16 

April  11 

April  12 

November  6  
November  7.  .  . 
November  8... 
November  24.. 
December  2  
Decembers  
December  21... 
December  22.  .  . 
December  23... 
December  24... 
December  25... 
December  27... 
December  2i... 

1884. 

April  13 

April  14        ... 

March  11 

April  15  
April  23        ... 

March  '23 

April  26  

March  26 

Mav  17 

April  4 

May  24          

April  5 

May  25 

April  8 

May  31 

April  9 

June  7  

April  10 

April  16 

April  17 

June  11  

April  21 

June  12  

April  22  

March  9  

June  13  

May  8  

March  10  

June  22  

May  30  

March  11  

January  24  
February  6  
February  9  
February  12  ... 

Total  .... 

Main  year 
1881-85. 

1884. 
August  4  
September  V  ... 
September  30.  . 
October  11  
October  12  
October  13  
October  14 

29.12 

March  12 

•     

June  3  

March  13  

0.06 
0.21 
0.12 
0.04 
0.98 
0.38 
0.80 
0.06 
0.01 
0.04 
0.23 
0.01 
0.29 
0.59 
0.38 
0.32 
1.48 
0.04 
0.38 
2.03 
0.40 
0.65 
0.01 
0.07 
0.02 
0.09 

0.24 
0.06 
0.92 
0.32 
0.41 
0.02 
0.11 
0.03 
0.06 
0.01 
0.01 

March  14  

January  24  
January  25  
January  26  
January  27  
January  28  

Total.... 

Main  year 
1881-82. 

1881. 
September  21.. 
September  22.. 
October  2 

27.24 

March  16 

February  13  ... 
February  14  ... 

0.18 
0.05 
0.12 
0.03 
0.26 
0.11 
0.11 
0.18 
1.05 
0.28 
0.08 
0.05 
0.35 
0.10 
0.23 
1.11 
0.01 
0.02 
0.01 
0.16 
0.28 
0.06 
0.51 
0.26 
0.07 
0.45 
0.01 

0.05 
0.09 
0.16 
0.07 
0.06 
0.22 

March  17  

March  18  

April  2  

Aprils  

January  30  
January  31  
February  1  
February  2  
February  3  
February  4  
February  5  
February  6  
February  10  .  .  . 
February  14  .  .  . 
February  15  .  .  . 
February  16  .  .  . 
February  17  .  .  . 
February  19  .  .  . 
March  3    ...     . 

April  4  

April  5  

October  25  
October  26  
October  27  
October  29  
November  14.. 
November  15.. 
November  16.. 
November  27.. 
November  28.. 
November  30.. 
December  1  
Decembers  
December  4  
December  5  
December  6  — 
December  9  
December  10... 
December  11... 
December  14.  .  . 
December  15.  .. 
December  23... 
December  25  
December  26... 
December  27  ... 

1882. 
January  1  
January  2  
January  3  
January  4  
Januarys  
januarj  -22  

Aprils  

October  15  
November  7  .  .  . 
November  9  ... 
November  14  .  . 
November  15  .  . 
December  16... 
December  17... 
December  18... 
December  19... 
December  20... 
December  21... 
December  22... 
December  23... 
December  24... 
December  25  
December26... 
December  27.  .  . 
December  28... 
December  31.  .  . 

1885. 
January  1  
January  7  
January  9  
January  10  
January  12  
January  13  
January  27  
January  29  
February  1  
February  2  — 
February  5  

April  9  

April  18  

April  19  

April  21  

April  22  

April  23  

April  24  

Mayl  

May3  

JuneS  

May  3 

Total  

Main  year 
1882-83.  ' 

1882. 
September  30.. 

15.83 

May  4 

0.28 
0.23 
0.79 
0.30 
0.15 
0.11 
0.15 
0.21 
0.01 
0.39 
0.09 
0.01 
0.37 
1.30 
2.32 

Mav  6 

May? 

March  6  

May  10 

March  7  

May  11  

March  8  
March  9  

May  12 

October  2 

May  14. 

March  10  

:  March  13  

October  5 

Mav  16 

March  14  

October  6  
October  7  
October  10  
October  12  
October  13  
October  23  
October  30  
October  31  
November  1  
November  2  .'.. 

May  29  

March  18  
March  21  
March  22  
March  24  
March  25  
March  26  
March  27  
March  28  
April  8        

Total  

Main  year 
1883-81,. 

1883. 
September  29.. 
October  1  
October  23  
October  24  

19.59 

0.37 
0.03 
0.03 
0.06 

April  9 

CLIMATE    OF   NORTH    AND    CENTRAL    COAST.  53 

\ 

RAINFALL  ( INCHES  AXD  HUNDREDTHS)  AS  MEASURED  BY  JOHX  PETTEE,  JANUARY  1,  1865,  TO  MARCH  19,  1902 — Cont'd. 


Date.            Amount. 

Date. 

Amount. 

Date. 

Amount. 

Date, 

Amount. 

Date.             Amount. 

Rain  year 
188L-S5. 

1885. 
February  18  ... 
February  20... 
March  17 

0.10 
0.05 
0.56 
0.07 
0.04 
0.03 
0.35 
0.03 
0.02 
0.04 
0.03 
0.02 
0.99 
1.64 
0.58 
0.03 
0.21 
0.04 
0.01 
0.01 
0.03 
0.01 
0.11 
0.18 
0.01 

Rain  year 
1885-86. 

1886. 
January  12  
January  13  
January  15  
January  16  
January  17  
January  18  
January  19  
January  20  
January  21  
January  22  
January  23  
January  24  
January  26  
February  7  
February  26  ... 
February  27  ... 
March  2      .... 

0.03 
0.06 
0.01 
0.07 
0.06 
l.i'"> 
0.27  ! 
0.49 
0.45 
0.65 
1.37 
0.63 
0.89 
0.02 
0.04 
0.17 
0.24  , 
0.01 
0.04 
0.15  : 
0.24 
0.35 
0.01 
0.48 
0.20 
0.14 
0.44 
0.17 
0.11 
0.50 
0.09 
1.05 
1.14 
0.02 
0.41 
0.15 
0.16 
0.22 
0.40 
0.03 
0.13 
0.13 

Sain  year 
1886-87. 

1886. 
December  23... 
December  28... 
December  29... 

1887. 

0.02 
0.01 
0.13 

0.04 
0.01 
0.02 
0.04  * 
0.53 
0.38 
0.28 
0.01 
0.03 
0.14 
0.07 
0.58 
3.53 
0.59 
0.20 
0.10 
0.06 
0.28 
0.86 
0.24 
0.71 
0.03 
0.04 
0.30  i 
0.22 
0.07 
0.02 
0.26 
0.06 
0.32 
0.41 
0.02 
0.08 
0.02 
0.36 
1.10 
0.06 
0.05 
0.02 
0.37 
0.07 
0.03 
0.02 
0.01 
0.01 
0.02 
0.01 
0.01 
0.01 
0.01 
0.04 

Sain  year 
1887-8S. 

1887. 
September  21.. 
Novembers... 
November  28.. 
November  29  .  . 
November  30  .  . 
December  1  ... 
December  2  ... 
Decembers  ... 
December  4  ... 
December  7  ... 
December  11  .  . 
December  25  .  . 
December  27  .. 
December  28  .. 
December  29  .. 
December  30  .  . 
December  31  .. 

!--- 

0.05 
0.01 
0.50 
0.54 
0.08 
0.87 
0.03 
0.05 
0.05 
0.20 
0.07 
0.09 
0.05 
1.36 
0.19 
0.04 
0.08 

1.05 
1.52 
0.05 
0.78 
0.01 
0.01 
0.26  ; 
1.17 
0.33 
0.04 
0.07 
0.01 
0.15 
0.11 
0.11 
0.37 
0.71 
0.04 
0.34 
0.18 
0.13 
0.07 
0.06 
0.03 
1.33 
0.27 
0.05 
1.56 
0.01 
0.04 
0.14 
0.01 
0.02 
0.42 
0.09 
0.11 
0.18 
0.03 
0.05 
0.12 
0.06 
0.03 
0.03 
0.01 

Bain  year 
1887-SS. 

1888. 
June  9  

0.03 
0.17 
0.03 
0.08 

June  16  

March  18  

June  18  

March  24  

Total  

Sain  year 
1888-89. 

1888. 
July  21 

16.94 

January  13  
January  14  
January  15  — 
January  18  
January  19  
January  20  
January  24  
January  26  
January  31  
February  1  
February  3  
February  4  
February  5  
February  7  
February  8  
February  9  
February  10... 
February  11  ... 
February  12... 
February  13  ... 
February  14  ... 
February  15  ... 
February  16  ... 
February  20... 
February  21  ... 
February  23  ... 
February  24  ... 

March  30 

0.01 
0.88 
0.05 
0.03 
0.01 
0.07 
0.02 
0.29 
1.85 
0.10 
1.17 
0.01 
0.42 
0.20 
0.06 
0.03 
0.08 
0.06 
0.73 
0.36 
0.08 
1.20 
0.56 
0.60 
0.25 
0.03 
0.02 
0.69 
0.19 
0.05 
0.06 
0.69 
0.34 
0.02 
0.31 

0.85 
0.11 
0.14 
0.23 
0.04 
0.07 
0.02 
0.09 
0.04 
0.11 
0.27 
0.38 
0.62 
0.52 
0.44 
0.22 
2.65 

April  1  

April  2 

April  3 

April  4 

September  14  .  . 
September  15  .  . 
October  5 

Aprilo  

April  6 

April?       

October  6  

Aprils  

October  16 

April  10 

October  29 

April  16 

November  14  .. 
November  15  .  . 
November  16  .  . 
November  17  .. 
November  18  .  . 
November  20  .. 
November  21  .  . 
November  22  .  . 
November  25  .  . 
November  29  .  . 
December  1  
December  8  ... 
December  9  ... 
December  10  .  . 
December  12  .  . 
December  13  .  . 
December  14  .  . 
December  15  .  . 
December  16  .  . 
December  20  .. 
December  21  .. 
December  22  .. 
December  23  .. 
December  24  .  . 
December  25  .  . 
December  26  .. 
December  28  .. 
December  29  .. 

1889. 

Januarys  
January  10  
January  12  
January  17  
January  20  
January  21  
February  5  
February  14  ... 
February  15  ... 
February  17  ... 
February  23  ... 
February  24... 

April  17 

March  3  

April  26 

March4  

April2T  

March  6  

May  13  

March  8  

June  2      

March  9  

January  3  

June  8  

March  10  

June  9         

March  16  

January  12  
January  13  
January  19  
January  20  
January  21  
January  22  
January  23  
January  24  
January  26  
January  28  
January  29  
January  30  
January  31  
Februarys  
February  10  ... 
February  11  ... 
February  12  ... 
February  13  ... 
February  14  ... 
February  29... 

March  17  

Total  

Rain  year 
1885-86. 

1885. 
Jnlv7 

March  30  

17.07 

March  31 

0.03 
0.08 
0.58 
0.01 
0.01 
0.14 
0.55 
0.37 
1.22 
0.02 
0.02 
0.65 
0.13 
1.41 
1.36 
0.48 
0.48 
0.25 
0.32 
0.03 
1.46 
0.89 
0.30 
0.03 
0.18 
0.06 
0.01 
1.49 
0.87 
0.36 
0.03 
0.60 
0.70 
0.03 

Aprill  

\pril5 

April  6 

April  7  

September  23  .  . 
October  13  

April  9 

April  10  

October  29  
November  1  ... 
November  3  ... 
November  4  
November  5  ... 
November  6  ... 
November  7  — 
Novembers  ... 
November  9  ... 
November  14  .  . 
November  15  .. 
November  16  .  . 
November  17  .. 
November  18  .  . 
November  20  .  . 
November  21  .  . 
November  22  .  . 
November  23  .  . 
November  24  .. 
November  28  .  . 
December  6  
December  10.  .. 
December  14... 
December  16.  .  . 
December  20... 
December21... 
December  22... 
December  23... 
December  24  
December  25... 
December  30  

April  11  

April  12  

April  13  

April  14  

April  15  

April  4 

April  16  

May5  

May6  

May7  

April  12 

.  Total  — 

Sain  year 
1886-87. 

1886. 
July  15 

28.42 

April  13  

0.36 
0.71 
0.02 
0.10 
0.13 
0.02 
0.25 
0.36 
0.06 
0.02 

o.is  ; 

0.48 
0.54 

0.02 
0.89 
H 

April  28 

March  2 

April  29  

March  3  

May  6 

March  4 

May8  

March  5  

October  15  
October  16  
October  17  
October  26  
October  27  
October  29  
October  30  
November  10  .  . 
November  11  .. 
November  19  .. 
i  November  20  .  . 
December  6  
December  7  
Decembers  
December  22... 

May  9 

Mav  18 

March  12      

Mav  19 

March  13 

Mav  23 

March  23 

Mav  29 

March  30  
April  3 

June  12 

May  2  

Total.... 

Hutu  year 
1S87-8S. 

1887. 
September  4  
September  5  ... 
September  6  ... 

May  3 

17.04 

May  14 

0.01 

0.13 
0.07 

May  24  

May  29      . 

Mav  30  

MarchS  

March  10  
March  11  
March  12  .. 

June  6... 

54  CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 

RAINFALL  (INCHES  AND  HUNDREDTHS)  AS  MEASURED  BY  JOHN  PETTEE,  JANUARY  1,  1865,  TO  MARCH  19,  1902 — Cont'd. 


Date. 

Amount. 

Date. 

Amount. 

Date. 

Amount. 

Date. 

Amount. 

Date. 

Amount. 

Rain  year 
1888-89. 

1889. 
March  13 

0.53 
0.02 
0.90 
0.08 
0.45 
0.67 
0.02 
0.02 
0.04 
0.02 
0.13 
0.04 
0.31 
0.01 
0.03 
0.18 
0.06 
0.19 
0.07 
0.15 
1.18 
0.23 
0.38 
0.12 
0.01 
0.02 
0.05 
0.13 
0.01 

Rain  year 
1889-90. 

1889. 
December  5  ... 
December  6  ... 
December  7  ... 
December  8  ... 
December  9  ... 
December  10  .  . 
December  11  .  . 
December  12  .  . 
December  16  .  . 
December  17  .  . 
December  18  .  . 
December  19  .  . 
December  20  .  . 
December  21  .  . 
December  22  .  . 
December  23  .. 
December  24  .  . 
December  25  .  . 
December  26  .  . 
December  27  .  . 
December  28  .  . 
December  29  .  . 
December  30  .  . 
December  31  .. 

1890. 
January  1  
January  2  
January  3  

1.22 
0.97 
1.05 
0.39 
0.16 
0.37 
0.77 
0.02 
0.48 
0.72 
0.67 
0.83 
0.09 
2.03 
0.30 
0.89 
0.89 
0.01 
0.04 
0.07 
0.02 
0.06 
0.06 
0.12 

0.13 
1.06 
0.39 
0.38 
0.06 
0.04 
0.14 
0.61 
0.02 
1.02 
0.57 
0.59 
0.03 
0.48 
0.61 
0.10 
0.36 
0.32 
2.06 
0.05 
0.06 
0.31 
0.03 
0.02 
0.04 
0.88 
0.25 
0.51 
0.78 
1.96 
0.35 
0.66 
0.14 
0.02 
0.13 
0.28 

Rain  year 
1889-90. 

1890. 
March  6  

0.53 
0.15 
0.36 
0.13 
0.40 
1.49 
0.10 
0.02 
0.26 
0.23 
0.21 
0.15 
0.58 
0.52 
0.04 
0.06 
0.13 
0.43 
0.52 
0.22 
0.01 
0.02 

Rain  year 
K90-91. 

1891. 
February  27  ... 
February  28  ... 
March  1 

0.51 
0.68 
0.08 
0.01 
0.14 
0.17 
0.05 
0.04 
0.02 
0.01 
0.27 
0.39 
0.10 
0.01 
1.24 
0.13 
0.29 
0.12 
0.23 
0.20 
0.03 
0.46 
0.74 
0.01 
0.18 
0.39 
0.02 
0.04 
0.08 
0.01 

Rain  year 
1891-93. 

1892. 
January  1  
January  6  
January  7  
January  8  
January  25  
January  26  
January  29  
January  31  
February  3  
February  5  
February  6  
February  16  ... 
February  17  ... 
February  18  ... 
February  19  ... 
February  20  ... 
February  23  ... 
February  29  ... 
March  1-^  
March  2 

0.01 
0.32 
0.16 
0.04 
1.18 
0.07 
0.01 
0.27 
0.40 
0.30 
0.07 
0.04 
0.89 
0.68 
0.22 
0.01 
0.03 
0.38 
0.14 
0.13 
0.38 
0.11 
0.03 
0.66 
0.14 
0.03 
0.37 
0.02 
0.90 
0.04 
0.17 
0.17 
0.02 
0.26 
0.08 
0.24 
0.04 
0.09 
0.01 
0.28 
0.04 
0.21 
0.07 
0.01 

0.38 

0.06 
0.08 
1.07 

March  14 

March  7  

March  15 

March  8 

March  10 

March  9 

March  2  ... 

March  17 

March  17 

March  3 

March  19 

March  18 

March  5  

March  26 

March  22 

March  9 

March  27 

March  24 

March  10  . 

April  1  .  . 

March  25  

March  11  

April  2 

March  28 

March  12  .  . 

April  3  .  . 

March  29  

March  15  

April  4 

March  30 

March  26  . 

April  5  

March  27  

April  8 

April  17 

April  4  

April  18 

April  6 

April  12 

April  29 

April  7 

April  13 

May  6 

April  9 

April  14 

April  10 

May  1  . 

May  9 

April  12  

May3 

May  10 

April  13 

May  4  . 

June  16 

April  15  

March  14 

May  5  

June  22  

April  16  

March  15 

May  6  . 

Total  

Rain  year 
1890-91. 

1890. 
July7  

May5... 

46.42 

May  7 

May  6 

March  18 

May  11 

0.01 
0.01 
0.01 
0.16 
0.03 
0.02 
1.75 
0.29 
0.02 
0.44 
0.84 
0.06 
0.05 

0.17 
0.82 
0.02 
0.42 
0.03 
0.06- 
0.03 
0.04 
0.02 
0.01 
1.81 
2.39 
0.48 
0.04 
0.78 
0.52 
0.24 
0.08 
0.34 

May  26. 

March  19 

May  12  .... 

May  27  

March  22 

May  13 

May  29 

March  26 

May  14  . 

MaySO  

March  27 

June  27  

June  10  

March  29  

Total  .... 

Rain  year 
1889-90. 

1889. 

24.26 

January  6  

September  27.. 
September  28  .  . 
September  29.. 
November  21  .. 
November  25  .  . 
December  2  
Decembers  
December  4  
December  18... 
December  29... 
December  30... 
December  31... 

1891. 
January  1  
January  4  ..... 
January  16  
January  31  
February  1  
February  4  
February  6  
February  10  ... 
February  11  
February  13  ... 
February  14  ... 
February  16  ... 
February  17  ... 
February  19  ... 
February  21  ... 
February  22  ... 
February  23  ... 
February  24  ... 
February  26  ... 

June  11  

March  30 

Total  

Rain  year 
1891-92. 

1891. 
JulyS 

0.55 
0.33 
0.01 
2.20 
0.96 
0.48 
1.00 
0.07 
0.47 
0.44 
0.69 
0.01 
0.01 
0.03 
1.08 
0.29 
0.86 
0.06 
0.03 
0.25 
0.01 
0.31 
0.05 
0.08 
0.26 
0.26 
1.40 

Januarv  9  
January  11  ..'.. 
January  12  
January  14  
January  15  
January  16  
January  17  
January  18  
January  19  
January  20  
January  21  
January  22  
January  23  
January  24  
January  25  
January  28  
January  29  
February  3  
February  4  
February  6  
February  15  ... 
February  16  ... 
February  17  ... 
February  18  ... 
February  19  ... 
February  20  ... 
February  21  ... 
February  24  ... 
February  25  ... 
March  3 

18.64 

April  1 

0.10 
0.01 
0.04 
0.02 
0.01 
.        0.  09 
0.01 
0:63 
0.07 
0.17 
0.00 
0.25 
0.01 
0.32 
0.03 
1.15 
0.40 
0.01 
0.48 
0.55 
0.10 
0.57 
0.02 
1.68 
1.12 
1.00 

April  2 

April  14  

April  16  

April  20  

April  21  

October  17  
October  19  
October  20  
October  21  
October  22  
October  24  
October  25  
October  26  
October  27  
October  29  
November  16  .  . 
November  17  .  . 
November  18  .  . 
November  19  .  . 
November  20  .  . 
November  21  .. 
November  22  .  . 
November  28  .  . 
November  29  .  . 
November  30  .  . 
December  1  ... 
December  2  ... 
Decembers  ... 
December  4  .. 

September  4  ... 
Septembers... 
September  8  ... 
September  12.. 
September  14.. 
September  21  .  . 
October  28  

April  23 

April  24 

April  28 

April  29  

April  30 

Mavl  

May  4 

May5...;  

November  4  
November  18  .. 
November  29  .. 
November  30  .. 
December  1  
Decembers  
Decembers  
December  9  
December  16  
December  19... 
December  22... 
December  26... 
December  27... 
December  28... 
December  29  
December  31... 

May  6 

May  9  

May  14  . 

Total.... 

Rain  year 
189H-93. 

1892. 
September  28.. 
October  5  
Octobers  
October  15  
October  16  
October  29  
October  30  
November  '22  .. 

20.  24 

0.02 
0.02 
0.29 
0.85 
0.36 
0.31 
0.15 
0.26 

March  4  .  . 

CLIMATE    OF    NORTH    AND    CENTRAL    COAST.  55 

RAINFALL  (INCHES  AND  HCNDREDTHS)  AS  MEASURED  BY  JOHN  PETTEE,  JANUARY  1,  1865,  TO  MABCH  19,  1902 — Cont'd. 


Date. 

Amount. 

Date. 

Amount. 

Date. 

Amount. 

Date. 

Amount. 

Date. 

Amount. 

Sain  year 
189t-9S. 

1892. 

0.23 

Rain  year 
189S-9!,. 

1893. 
September  8 

0  13 

Rain  year 
1895-94. 

1894. 
March  15 

0.06 

Rain  year 
1894-95. 

1895. 

0  02 

Rain  year 
1895-96. 

1895. 

0  18 

November  25  -. 

0.43 

September  10 

0.16 

March  16    ...  . 

0.02 

January?. 

0.27 

0  05 

0.16 

0  05 

March  18 

0.03 

0  84 

0  08 

1.55 

October  8 

0.17 

March  29  . 

0.02 

January  12 

0.56 

0  12 

0.03 

October  14 

0  02 

April  21 

0  01 

1  02 

1.28 

October  15  . 

0.01 

April  24. 

0.18 

January  16.  .  . 

0.88 

0  57 

1  32 

October  30 

0  03 

April  25 

0  03 

0  81 

0.46 

November  5 

0.06 

April  26 

0.34 

January  18 

0  58 

December  21 

2.82 

November  6  .  . 

0.11  i 

May  13  

0.30 

Januarv  20  

0.14 

December  23 

0  O9 

0  24 

0  02 

May  14. 

0.18 

0  70 

0.01 

November  22 

0.04 

May  20  

0.15 

.Tannery  ?2  

0.76 

1896. 

0  03 

1  33 

Mav  25 

0.95 

February  10 

0  63 

January  12  

0.03 

0  07 

November  24 

0.18 

Mav  26  

0.30 

February  11  .. 

2.35 

January  13  

0.75 

1  43 

1  58 

May  30 

0  09 

February  12 

0  17 

January  14  

0.18 

0  56 

1  20 

May  31..    . 

0.02 

February  21  . 

0  15 

January  15  

0.96 

0  34 

November  27 

0.15 

June  1  

0.15 

February  22  ... 

0.27 

January  16  

0.93 

0  01 

0  53 

June  2 

0  07 

March  12 

0  02 

January  17  

2.30 

November  30 

0  01 

June  3  

0.17 

March  16  

0.02 

January  18  

0.04 

1893. 

0  04 

0  17 

March  17 

0  13 

January  19  

1.41 

January  14  

0.24 

January  20  

0.27 

0  27 

March  19  .  . 

0  72 

January  15  

0.19 

1  16 

Total   .  .  . 

24.44 

March  21 

0  53 

January  21  

0.02 

January  25  

0.45 

0  31 

Rain  year 

March  26 

0  37 

January  22  

0.64 

January  26  

0.64 

December  22 

0.01 

1894-95. 

1  March  27  

0  73 

January  24  

0.77 

January  27  

0.82 

0  51 

1894 

April  1 

0  01 

January  25  

0.15 

January  29  

1.36 

0  23 

September  29 

1  56 

April  9 

0  02 

January  26  

1.82 

January  30  

0.11 

0  02 

October  17 

0  81 

\pril  13 

0  04 

January  27  

0.95 

0  30 

.Tuniiftry  31 

0  19 

0  39 

October  18 

0  05 

April  26 

0  73 

February  2  

0.04 

0  42 

October  19 

0  40 

April  27  

0  57 

February  20  ... 

0.02 

February  3  

0.25 

October  20 

0  41 

May  1 

0  36 

February  26  ... 

0.05 

February  4  

0.66 

1894. 

October  22 

0  77 

May3      

0  03 

February  27  ... 

0.12 

0.04 

January  1  

0.45 

February  28  

0  05 

October  23  

0.03 

May  4  

0.04 

0  88 

Mayo 

0  03 

0.80 

February  8 

1.03 

January  7.  . 

0.02 

March  2  . 

0  80 

0  16 

Mav  25 

0  09 

0.23 

January-  14  

1.30 

MarchS  

0  08 

0  01 

Mav  26 

0  16 

0  12 

January  15. 

0.78 

March  4 

0  01 

0  19 

May27  

0  09 

March  3 

0.62 

January  16  

0.04 

March  5  

0  29 

0  02 

May  28 

0  09 

March  4  

0.48 

January  17  

0.44 

March  14  

0.34 

March  7 

0.78 

January  18  

0.12 

December  4  

0.70 

Total.... 

34.93 

March  15 

0  97 

March  10 

1.29 

January  19  

3.17 

March  16  

0  02 

March  11 

0  14 

Januarv  20 

1.01 

December  6  

0.37 

Rain  year 

March  19 

0  04 

March  14 

0.13 

January  21  

0.22 

December  7  

0.76 

1895-96. 

March  20 

0  04 

March  15 

0  07 

0.02 

December  8  

1.19 

18S5. 

March  21 

0  13~ 

March  17 

0  05 

Januarv  28 

0.04 

December  9  

0.40 

July  4  

0.01 

March  22 

0  05 

March  18 

0.48 

January  29  

0.02 

December  10.  .. 

0.31 

September  9  ... 

0.11 

March  23  

0  01 

March  19 

0  72 

0.67 

December  11... 

0.04 

September  10  .  . 

0  02 

March  25 

0  13 

March  20 

0.31 

February  5  .  . 

0.02 

December  14  

0.10 

September  11  .  . 

0.64 

March  26 

0  26 

March  23 

0.17 

February  6  

0.05 

December  15.  .  . 

0.01 

September  12  .  . 

0.35 

March  27  

0  01 

March  29 

0  06 

0.11 

December  16.  .  . 

0.03 

October  14  

0  Q7 

April  4 

0  62 

April  2 

0.01 

February  8  

0.03 

December  17.  .  . 

0.32 

October  15  

0.02 

April  5  

1  40 

Aprils 

0  95 

0.20 

December  18.  .. 

1.58 

October  20  

0  03 

•Vpril  6 

0  01 

April  6 

0  06 

February  11 

0.02 

December  19... 

0.88 

November  2  

0.13 

April  8. 

0  40 

April  7  

0.03 

February  14  

0.01 

December  20... 

1.29 

November  3  

0.12 

April  9  

0.08 

April  9 

0  16 

0.74 

December  21... 

0.32 

November  5  

1  28 

April  13 

0  29 

April  11 

0.06 

February  17  

0.25 

December  22... 

0.06 

November  12  .  . 

0.01 

April  14... 

0  01 

April  1 

0  20 

February  18 

0.14 

December  26... 

0.29 

November  26 

0  23 

0  06 

April  22 

0  03 

February  19 

1.36 

December  27... 

0.37 

November  27 

0.04 

April  18. 

0  04 

May"  

0.01 

February  20  .  .  . 

0.02 

December  28..  . 

0.19 

November  28  .  . 

0.19 

April  21  

0.26 

Mav  14 

0  01 

0.01 

December  29... 

0.20 

November  29 

0  02 

April  22 

0  14 

MavlS  

0.04 

March  1  

0.39 

December  30.  .  . 

0.45 

November  30 

0.01 

April  23.  . 

3.18 

May  16 

0  18 

March  2 

0  07 

1895 

0  02 

April  24 

0  33 

June  •-'!  

0.03 

March  5  

0.26 

January  3 

2.07 

December  4 

0.03 

April  25 

0.24 

March  7 

0.03 

1  54 

0  26 

April  28 

0  04 

Total  

27.15 

March  8  .. 

0.03 

Januarv  5.  .  . 

0.20 

Dt-oembere.  .. 

0.02 

April  29.  .  . 

0.05 

50  CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 

RAINFALL  (INCHES  AND  HUNDREDTHS)  AS  MEASURED  BY  JOHN  PETTEE,  JANUARY  1,  1865,  TO  MARCH  19,  1902 — Cont'd. 


Date. 

Amount. 

Date. 

Amount. 

Date. 

Amount. 

Date. 

Amount. 

Bam  year 
1895-96. 

1896. 
April  30 

0.02 
0.02 
0.15 
0.03 
0.01 
0.52 
0.20 
0.31 
0.04 

Rain  year 
1896-97. 

1897. 
February  4  
February  5  
February  6  
February  7  
February  11  .  .  . 
February  12  .  .  . 
February  14  ... 
February  15  
February  16  .  .  . 
February  17  ... 
February  18  ... 
February  19  ... 
February  28  ... 
March  1  .  . 

1.36 
0.22 
0.08 
0.43 
0.07 
0.23 
0.01 
0.04 
0.08 
0.11 
0.47 
0.26 
0.45 
0.63 
0.99 
0.17 
0.74 
1.08 
0.13 
0.04 
0.06 
0.07 
0.04 
0.05 
0.02 
2.13 
0.02 
0.43 
0.07 
0.04 
0.02 
0.70 
0.01 
0.28 
0.02 

Rain  year 
1897-98. 

1898. 
January  5  
January  6  
January  8  
January  11  
January  15  
January  16  
January  18  
January  21  
January  31  
February  2  — 
February  5  
February  6  — 
February  11  ... 
February  20  .  .  . 
February  23  ... 
February  24  ... 
February  25  ... 
February  26  ... 
February  27  ... 
March  7 

0.19 
0.25 
0.07 
0.40 
0.27 
0.14 
0.03 
0.08 
0.36 
0.07 
0.29 
0.24 
0.01 
0.73 
0.67 
0.61 
0.02 
0.01 
0.31 
0.18 
0.08 
0.42 
0.03 
0.22 
0.05 
0.01 
1.54 
0.15 
0.15 
0.02 
0.10 
0.35 
0.06 
0.01 

Rain  year 
1898-99. 

1899. 
January  1  

1.08 
0.12 
0.94 
0.06 
1.25 
0.67 
0.25 
0.78 
0.39 
0.06 
0.01 
0.03 
0.14 
0.02 
0.49 
0.25 
0.03 
0.07 
0.01 
0.01 
0.06 
1.32 
1.43 
0.15 
0.05 
0.79 
0.14 
1.01 
2.29 
2.03 
0.41 
0.04 
0.02 
0.01 
0.89 
0.13 
0.03 
0.06 
0.03 
0.24 
0.15 
0.03 
0.08 
0.% 
0.01 

May  1           ... 

May  3 

January  6  

May  4 

May  6  

January  9  
January  10  
January  11  
January  13  
January  14  
January  15  
January  16  
January  31  
February  1  
February  2  
February  28  ... 
March  1 

May  10  

May  20      .  . 

May  21  

Mav28 

Total  .... 

Rain  year 
1896-97. 

1896. 
July  10 

29.36 

0.01 
0.01 
0.02 
0.06 
0.06 
0.03 
0.02 
0.49 
0.03 
0.02 
1.74 
0.05 
0.05 
0.63 
0.28 
0.30 
0.02 
0.56 
0.01 
0.56 
0.32 
3.20 
0.06 
0.28 
0.18 
0.08 
1.49 
0.72 
0.02 
0.03 
0.24 
1.22 
0.15 
0.11 
0.57 
0.44 

0.04 
0.08 
0.24 
1.20 
0.05 
0.65 
1.85 
0.11 
0.08 
1.07 

March  2 

March  4  . 

March  5  

March  2  ... 

August  29 

March  6 

March  8 

September  18  .  . 
September  19.. 
September  20.. 
September  21  .  . 
October  10  
October  25  
October  26  
October  29  
October  31  
November  8  ... 
November  9  ... 
November  16  .  . 
November  17  .  . 
November  19  .  . 
November  20.. 
November  21  .  . 
November  22  .  . 
November  23  .  . 
November  24  .  . 
December  11  ... 
December  12  
December  13.  .  . 
December  14.  .. 
December  15... 
December  16... 
December  23... 
December  25... 
December  26... 
December  27  
December  28... 
December  29... 
December  30... 

1897. 
January  16  
January  23  
January  27  
January  28  
January  29  
January  30  
January  31  
February  1  
February  2  
February  3  .... 

March  7  . 

March  10 

March  8 

March  11 

March  16 

March  14  

March  13 

March  17  

March  16  

March  14  

March  18 

March  21    

March  15 

March  19 

April  5 

March  16 

March  25 

May  12  

March  18 

March  27 

Mav  13 

March  19 

March  28 

May  14 

March  20 

March  31 

May  15  

March  21 

May  21 

March  22 

April  18 

May  26 

March  23 

May  13  

May  27  

March  24 

May  16 

May  31 

March  28 

June  14  

June  8  

April  17 

June  19 

April  22 

June  20  

Total.... 

Rain  year 
1898-99. 
1898. 

April  23 

13.67 

Total  

Rain  year 
1897-98. 

1897. 
September  2  ... 
September  30  .  . 

31.01 

0.11 
O.C5 
0.15 
0.72 
0.32 
0.  25 
0.02 
0.03 
0.38 
0.15 
0.05 
0.45 
0.17 
0.07 
0.13 
0.  15 
0.57 
0.15 
0.78 
0.  0(1 
0.31 
0.03 

0.02 
0.08 
0.01 
0.02 
0.29 
1.67 
0.44 
0.25 
0.03 
0.02 
0.15 
0.03 
0.51 
0.13 
0.07 
0.03 
1.40 
0.02 
0.10 
0.07 
0.21 

April  26 

April  27. 

April  30  

Mav  23  

September  21  .  . 
September  24  .  . 
September  25  .  . 
October  1 

Mav  24  

Mav  30  

October  12  
October  21  
October  22  
October  23  
November  4  
November  6  ... 
November  13  .  . 
November  19  .  . 
November  20  .  . 
November  22  .  . 
November  23  .  . 
November  24  .. 
December  6.... 
December  7.... 
Decembers  
December  10.  .  . 
December  11... 
December  13... 

May  31  

June  24  

Total  .... 

Rain  year 
1899-1900. 

1899. 
October  1  to  31. 
November  3  ... 
November  8  ... 
November  9  ... 
November  10  .  . 
November  11  .. 
November  15  .  . 
November  16  .  . 
November  18  .  . 
November  20  .  . 
November  21  .  . 

24.12 

October  6  
October  7  

4.57 
0.14 
0.30 
0.50 
0.39 
0.40 
0.33 
0.34 
0.19 
0.85 
0.71 

October  2J  
October  30  
November  18  .  . 
November  19  .  . 
November  21  .  . 
November  28  .  . 
November  29  .  . 
December  13... 
December  14... 
December  18... 
December  19.  .  . 
December  20... 
December  29... 

Date. 

Amount. 

Rain  year 
1899-1900. 

1899. 
November  25  .  . 
November  27  .. 
November  28  .  . 
November  29  .  . 
December  4  
December"  
December  10.  .. 
December  11... 
December  13.  .. 
December  14... 
December  15.  .  . 
December  16... 
December  29... 
December  31  ... 

1900. 
January  1  
January  2 

0.01 
0.03 
0.25 
0.01 
0.09 
0.28 
0.13 
0.19 
0.22 
1.83 
0.53 
0.28 
1.01 
0.04 

1.51 
2  37 

January  3  
January  4  
January  5  
January  6  
January  7  
January  28  
February  1  
February  3  
February  17  ... 
February  18  ... 
February  19  ... 
February  20  ... 
February  25  ... 
March  2  . 

0.01 
0.26 
0.01 
0.67 
0.11 
0.28 
0.09 
0.05 
0.06 
0.07 
0.62 
0.23 
0.02 
0  25 

March  3 

1  46 

March  4 

0  06 

March  5  

0.05 

March  6 

0  44 

March  7 

0  83 

March  8 

0.18 

March  17  .  . 

0.01 

March  18  

0.02 

April  1... 

0.60 

April  2 

0.21 

April  6  

0.03 

April  10 

0.07 

April  11.. 

0.50 

April  19 

0.36 

April  20  . 

0.01 

April  30  

0.01 

MayS  

0.  05 

May  4 

0  05 

May  9  

0.22 

May  10 

0.01 

June  10  

0.04 

0.02 

Total  

25.  37 

Rain  year 
1900-1901. 

1900. 
August  13  
August  15  
September  4... 

O.CK 
0.01 
0.02 

CLIMATE    OF    NOBTH    AND    CENTRAL    COAST.  57 

RAINFALL  (INCHES  AND  HUSDREDTHS)  AS  MEASURED  BY  JOHN  PETTEE,  JANUARY  1,  1865,  TO  MARCH  19,  1902 — Cont'd. 


Date. 

Amount. 

Date. 

Amount. 

Date. 

Amount. 

Date. 

Amount. 

Date. 

Amount. 

Rain  year 
1900-1901. 

1900. 
September  11  .. 

0.63 

Rain  year 
1900-1901. 

1901. 
January  1  

0.06 

Rain  year 
1900-1901. 

1901. 
March  24 

0.03 

Rain  year 
1901-t. 

1901. 

1  20 

Ram  year 
1901-t. 

1902. 

0  04 

September  14  .  . 

0.01 

January  2 

0.01 

March  25 

0  07 

0  08 

0  48 

October  1  

0.01 

Januarys  

0.36 

April  1 

0.11 

0  22 

1  06 

October  2  .  ... 

0.51 

January  4 

1  26 

April  2 

0  18 

0  09 

0  28 

October  4  

0.44 

Januarys  

0.09 

Aprils 

0  10 

0  16 

February  10 

0  02 

October  11  

0.04 

January  6 

1  80 

April  28 

1  40 

0  01 

0  48 

October  18  

0.14 

January  7  

0.04 

April  29 

0  75 

1  gg 

0  32 

October  19. 

0.51 

0  02 

April  30 

0  34 

0  14 

1  58 

October  27  

0.21 

January  10  

0.44 

May  17  

0.03 

November  24  .. 

0.01 

February  15 

0  08 

October  30  

0.29 

January  11  

o.ao 

Mav  20 

0  73 

0  01 

0  20 

October  31  

0.03 

January  19  

0.10 

May22  

0.01 

November  27 

0  10 

February  19 

0  18 

November  7  

0.16 

January  20  

0.45 

May  25 

0  18 

0  62 

0  46 

November  15  .  . 

0.98 

January  21  

1.12 

May  26.. 

0  02 

December  1 

0  33 

February  21 

1  73 

November  16  .  . 

1.03 
0  15 

January  25  

0.01 
0  01 

Total.... 

27.14 

December  2  

0.12 

February  22  

0.11 

November  18  .  . 
November  19  .  . 

0.01 
0.32 
2  08 

Februarys  
February  4  

0.61 
0.97 
0.23 

Rain  year 
1901-t. 

1901 

December  5  
December  9  

0.56 
0.02 

February  24  
February  25  
Februarv26  

0.95 
0.54 
0.45 

November  21  .  . 

0.11 

Februarys  

0.06 

September  22  .  . 

0.69 

January  1 

0  18 

February  27  

0.01 

March  1  . 

1  29 

November  24  .  . 

0.02 

February  13  

0,22 

September  23  .  . 

0.07 

January  15  

0.02 

March  2 

0  05 

November  25  .  . 

0.11 

February  16  

0.10 

September  25  .  . 

0.03 

January  18  

0.30 

March  5  

1  07 

September  29 

0.06 

January  20 

0.10 

March  6 

0  04 

September  30 

0  02 

January  21 

0  64 

March  7  

0.47 

October  1  . 

0.01 

January  23  

0.51 

December  14... 

0.41 

February  20  

0.08 

March  8 

0  54 

October  2 

0.04 

January  24 

0  03 

0.17 

February  22 

1  64 

March  13  

0.01 

October  23  

0.01 

January  30  

0.07 

March  18 

0  22 

October  25  

0.06 

February  1  

0.22 

December  19  

0.03 

March  9  

0.53 

0  79 

December  20.  .  . 

0.33 

March  10 

0.50 

October  27 

0  12 

0  18 

Mar  19 

24  05 

RECAPITULATION. 


1865-66  

23.57 

1873-74  

24.55 

1881-82  

15.83 

1889-90. 

46  42 

1897-98 

13  67 

1866-67.  . 

35.94 

1874-75 

18  15 

1882-83 

19  59 

1890-91 

18  64 

1898-99 

24  12 

1867-68  

40.62 

1875-76  

.    .. 

1883-84  

29.12 

1891-92 

20  24 

1899-1900 

25  37 

1868-69 

20  56 

1876-77 

9  96 

1884-85 

17  07 

1892  93 

27  15 

1900-1901 

1869-70 

20.22 

1877-78  . 

32.81 

1885-86 

28.42 

1893-94 

24  44 

1901  2  to  Mar 

1S70-71  

13.10 

1878-79  

22.17 

1886-87  

17.04 

1894-95 

34  93 

19 

04  05 

1871  72 

28.91 

1879-80 

23  62 

1887-88 

16  94 

1895-96 

29  36 

1872-73  

19.54 

1880-81  

27.24 

1888-89  

24.26 

1896-97 

31  01 

1 

' 

CLIMATE   OF  SOUTHERN   COAST. 


SAN   LUIS  OBISPO. 

Data  by  Mr.  JOHN  R.  WILLIAMS,  Observer,  U.  S.  Weather  Bureau. 

San  Luis  Obispo  is  situated  in  latitude  35°  18'  north,  longitude  120°  39'  west.  It  is  distant 
from  Port  Harford,  or  the  Pacific  Ocean,  about  10  miles.  A  range  of  low  hills  intervenes  between 
the  coast  and  the  city.  The  average  elevation  of  the  San  Luis  Range  to  the  west  is  about  1,000 
feet.  The  San  Luis  Valley  southwest  of  the  city  has  a  general  elevation  of  less  than  150  feet. 
Direct!}-  west  of  the  city,  at  a  distance  of  about  1  mile,  is  a  large  hill  (Cerro  San  Luis  Obispo), 
elevation  1,292  feet.  East  of  the  city  are  the  foothills  of  the  Santa  Lucia  Range,  varying  in  ele- 
vation from  1,700  feet  2  miles  east  of  the  city  to  2.830  feet  5  miles  east.  The  general  elevation 
of  the  city  is  about  200  feet  above  sea  level.  The  elevation  of  the  Weather  Bureau  office  is  201 
feet. 

Owing  to  the  topograph\r,  the  range  of  temperature  is  large.  Daily  ranges  of  40°  or  more 
are  not  infrequent.  The  lowest  temperature"  recorded  is  24°  and  the  highest  106°.  The  mean 
annual  temperature  is  58.9°.  The  mean  annual  rainfall,  based  upon  Weather  Bureau  records 
covering  a  period  of  six  years,  is  17.22  inches. 

The  following  table,  showing  the  seasonal  rainfall  at  San  Luis  Obispo  for  the  past  twenty- 
eight  years,  is  taken  from  the  pamphlet  ''On  the  climate  and  wealth  of  San  Luis  Obispo 
County,''  by  Myron  Angel: 

MONTHLY  AND  ANNUAL  PRECIPITATION  (INCHES  AND  HUNDREDTHS). 


Season  of  — 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov.' 

Dec. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

April. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Total. 

1869-70 

0.84 

0  66 

0.78 

0.71 

4.85 

0  74 

2  40 

0  85 

11  83 

1870-71 

0.68 

0.38 

2.90 

1.51 

4.43 

2.79 

0.28 

12  97 

1871  T> 

2  40 

13  93 

5  16 

3.45 

0  71 

1  37 

27  02 

1872-73 

6.00 

5.00 

1.79 

12  79 

1873-74                                       .     . 

7.% 

4.29 

4.04 

3.23 

1.00 

20  52 

1874-75 

4.28 

2.05 

0.48 

12  10 

0.28 

0  50 

19  69 

1875-76 

6.20 

2.20 

9.87 

5.29 

5.30 

1.26 

30  12 

1876-77 

1  16 

4  83 

0  42 

1  74 

8  15 

1877-78 

1.42 

3.90 

7.88 

11.91 

2.74 

2.75 

30  60 

1878-79 

1.50 

2.58 

1.78 

2.15 

1.60 

1.80 

0.25 

11  66 

1879-80 

0  75 

1  40 

3.03 

1  75 

7.23 

2  36 

8  78 

0.52 

25  82 

1880-81 

0.48 

13.35 

4  71 

1.90 

1.40 

1.85 

23  69 

1881-82. 

0.40 

1.65 

0.25 

2.00 

0.85 

3.40 

6.75 

1.73 

17.03 

1882-83 

0.69 

2.95 

0.44 

1  50 

1.60 

4.88 

1.10 

3.85 

17  01 

1883-84 

3.56 

10.57 

10.21 

12.41 

3.39 

2.26 

42.40 

1884-85 

2  17 

0  13 

8  85 

2  25 

0  94 

3.15 

0.10 

17  59 

1885-86 

0.04 

12.90 

3.67 

5.78 

0.79 

2.37 

3.75 

29  30 

1866-87 

0  25 

1  25 

1  06 

1  10 

9  60 

1  29 

1  56 

0  36 

0  07 

0  02 

16  56 

1887-88 

2.05 

0.25 

1.40 

3.15 

7.02 

0.28 

3.84 

0.14 

0.16 

0.04 

18.33 

UDB-80 

4  48 

3  36 

1  50 

2  08 

7  51 

0  61 

19  54 

1889-90 

9.19 

2  46 

11  37 

7  27 

4.67 

3.07 

0.29 

0.41 

38  33 

1890-91. 

0.82 

0.42 

6.94 

0.88 

7.14 

1.97 

1.96 

0.13 

0.15 

19.51 

1891  92 

0  27 

0  20 

5  15 

0  70 

2  88 

4.25 

0  60 

2.23 

0  05 

16  33 

1892-93 

0.15 

2.76 

6.57 

4.02 

6.35 

9.33 

1.14 

0.08 

30.40 

1893-94  

0.03 

0.82 

0.45 

1.64 

1.83 

2.31 

0.79 

0.41 

1.32 

0.21 

0.05 

9.86 

1894-95 

1.81 

1.71 

0.35 

5.45 

8.02 

1.92 

2.93 

0.67 

0.47 

23.33 

1895-96  

T. 

T. 

1.80 

1.56 

0.68 

8.23 

3.16 

2.22 

0.10 

T. 

0.01 

17.79 

1896-97 

0  20 

T 

1.44 

3  02 

3  04 

5.22 

4  40 

3  17 

0.18 

20.67 

a  On  January  2, 1901,  a  minimum  temperature  of  22°  F.  occurred. 
Rainfall  in  twenty-eight  years,  589.24  inches;  average  in  twenty-eight  years,  21.04  inches. 


59 


60 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 
PRECIPITATION,  IN  INCHES  AND  HUNDREDTHS — Continued. 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1895  

8.05 

1.82 

2,-  14 

0.67 

0.47 

0.00 

0.00 

T. 

T. 

1.80 

1.56 

0.68 

17.49 

18%                         

8.23 

0.00 

8.16 

2.22 

0.10 

T. 

0.04 

0.20 

T. 

1.44 

3.02 

3.04 

21.45 

1897                              

5.22 

4.40 

3.17 

0.18 

0.04 

T. 

0.00 

0.00 

0.07 

0.79 

0.07 

0.65 

14.59 

1898           

1.37 

2.20 

0.91 

0.06 

1.04 

0.04 

0.00 

0.00 

0.20 

0.39 

0.08 

0.64 

6.93 

1899                               

5.56 

0.28 

7.62 

1.54 

0.10 

0.92 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

3.92 

1.94 

4.51 

26.39 

1900  

2.13 

0.16 

2.18 

0.98 

1.38 

0.01 

T. 

T. 

T. 

1.93 

8.01 

0.26 

17.04 

5.09 

1.48 

P.26 

0.94 

0.52 

0.16 

T. 

0.03 

0.04 

1.71 

2.45 

1.63 

17.32 

WIND  VELOCITY  (MILES  PER  HOUR)  AND  DIRECTION. 


Veloc- 
ity. 

Direc- 
tion. 

Date. 

Average 
hourly. 

Average 
direc- 
tion. 

Veloc- 
ity. 

Direc- 
tion. 

Date. 

Average 
hourly. 

Average 
direc- 
tion. 

33 

NW 

16  1895 

5.1 

N. 

August  

21 

W. 

14,  1899 

4.4 

W. 

28 

g 

°4  1898 

5  3 

N 

September  

22 

N. 

3,  1899 

4.6 

W. 

March 

28 

SE 

3  1896 

5.6 

W. 

October  

24 

N. 

13,  1898 

4.5 

N. 

30 

s 

24  18% 

6.1 

W. 

November  

28 

N. 

30,1899 

4.7 

N. 

May 

28 

w 

1  1897 

6.3 

W. 

December  

27 

N. 

1,1900 

5.0 

N. 

June  

26 

w. 

4,1896 

5.0 

w. 

.           . 

July  .  . 

21 

N. 

8,1899 

4.4 

w. 

«  January. 

SNOWFALL. 
The  only  snowfall  at  the  station,  one-half  inch,  occurred  March  3,  1896. 

MEAN  MONTHLY  AND  ANNUAL  TEMPERATURE  (FAHRENHEIT). 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1895  

49.7 

54.5 

52.4 

55.6 

58.8 

63.6 

65.6 

65.6 

64.6 

62.7 

56.6 

52.7 

58.5 

1896 

54  1 

56.2 

56.2 

51.4 

58.2 

63.8 

67.6 

66.5 

64.3 

62.2 

56.8 

54.5 

59.3 

1897  

51.8 

51.6 

50.6 

59.6 

61.2 

62.8 

65.5 

65.4 

64.1 

59.2 

56.6 

51.0 

58.3 

1898  

47.6 

56.3 

52.9 

59.7 

56.6 

63.4 

64.5 

65.6 

64.8 

64.6 

57.6 

53.1 

58.9 

1899           .             .  .              .       . 

54  2 

54.4 

54.0 

56.4 

54.0 

62.4 

64.4 

64.0 

65.5 

69.6 

57.4 

54.3 

58.4 

1900 

56  2 

56  2 

58.2 

54.2 

61.6 

63.9 

64.2 

64.9 

64.4 

62.8 

59.8 

55.6 

60  2 

52  3 

54  9 

54  0 

56.2 

58.4 

63.3 

65.3 

65.4' 

64.8 

61.8 

57.5 

;,-  <i 

58.9 

CLIMATE    OF    SOUTHERN    COAST. 
MAXIMUM  AND  MINIMUM  TEMPERATURES  (DEGREES  FAHRENHEIT). 


61 


Month. 

Absolute  maxi- 
mum. 

Absolute  mini- 
mum. 

Greatest 
daily 
range. 

Means  of 
three  con- 
secutive 
wannest 
days. 

Means  of 
three  con- 
secutive 
coldest 
days. 

Date. 

Temper 
ture. 

Date. 

Tempera- 
ture. 

1899 
1899 
1899 
1898 
1896 
1896 
1896 
1900 
1898 
1896 
1898 
1900 

81 
86 
89 
97 
98 
99 
99 
106 
100 
98 
94 
84 

1899 
1899 
1898 
1899 
'   1899 
1895 
1895 
1895 
1898 
1898 
1895 
1897 

29 
25 
28 
32 
34 
37 
44 
44 
41 
38 
28 
24 

50 
45 
47 
53 
42 
47 
45 
44 
56 
52 
51 
49 

64.7 
67.7 
68.0 
72.3 
72.7 
76.3 
72.3 
77.0 
75.0 
77.0 
70.0 
63.3 

41.0 
40.7 
41.7 
44.7 
47.7 
55.0 
£0.3 
59.3 
68.0 
52.7 
46.3 
41.3 

February  

March                       

April  

May                ..           

Julv  

September  

October                                 .        ... 

Annual  

1900 

106 

1897 

24 

56 

77.0 

40.7 

WEATHER. 


Month. 

Average  number  of  days  — 

Month. 

Average  number  of  days- 

Clear. 

Partly 
cloudy. 

Cloudy. 

Rainy. 

Clear     ?artjy 
cloudy. 

Cloudy. 

Rainy. 

January  

12 
16 
14 
17 
16 
19 
21 

9 

8 
8 
8 
9 

9 

- 

10 
5 
8 
6 

ft 

1 

9 
5 

8 
4 
4 
1 
0 

August  . 

16  '         12 
17             8 
18             8 
17             8 
20             6 

3 
3 
5 
6 
5 

0 
0 
5 

; 

October 

\pril 

May  

July... 

Annual  

203          102 

60 

45 

62 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFOKNIA. 

ANNUAL  METEOROLOGICAL  SUMMARY  FOR  THE  YEARS  1899  AND  1900." 
[A=35°18'N.;  if  =  120° 39'  W.;  gravity  corr.,  -  0.03.] 


Date. 

Pressure. 

Temperature. 

Moisture. 

Monthly  mean. 

Extremes. 

Mean. 

Extremes. 

Dew- 
point. 

Relative 
humid- 
ity. 

Vapor 
pressure. 

Precipitation. 

Cloudiness. 

Maximum. 

Minimum. 

a 

d 

00 

a 

0. 
00 

Maximum. 

Minimum. 

Monthly. 

Maximum. 

Minimum. 

e 

a 

00 

a 

d, 

00 
0 

42 
39 
44 
48 
48 
52 
52 
62 
53 
49 
52 
44 

2 

a 

00 

a 
p. 

00 

Pet. 
54 
49 
65 
64 
68 
69 
52 
59 
68 
60 
73 
69 

a 

oi 

00 

a 
& 

00 

I 

Maximum  in 
24  hours. 

a 
«' 

00 

a 

d 

oo 

i 
>. 

Q 

3.5 
2.5 
5.1 
4.0 
3.7 
3.4 
3.1 
3.8 
2.8 
3.2 
5.8 
3.6 

1899. 
January  . 
February  

In. 
29.92 
29.91 
29.86 
29.80 
29.82 
29.73 
29.72 
29.73 
29.75 
29.78 
29.83 
29.89 

In. 
30.  16 
30.25 
30.04 
29.98 
29.94 
29.90 
29.86 
29.80 
29.88 
30.02 
30.00 
30.18 

In. 
29.46 
29.61 
29.56 
29.65 
29.72 
29.56 
29.62 
29.64 
29.64 
29.41 
29.55 
29.70 

0 

47.9 
47.8 
48.1 
48.5 
45.3 
62.3 
53.6 
54.3 
53.0 
50.0 
51.0 
47.9 

0 

59.8 
60.0 
57.2 
60.6 
58.3 
68.3 
71.1 
67.3 
68.7 
63.8 
60.3 
59.2 

0 

66.4 
67.6 
63.9 

69.1 
65.8 
75.0 
77.8 
75.4 
80.8 
71.9 
67.3 
65.7 

0 

43.0 
41.1 
44.0 
43.6 
42.2 
49.9 
50.9 
52.7 
60.2 
47.3 
47.5 
42.9 

3 

64.2 

54.4 
54.0 
56.4 
54.0 
62.4 
64.4 
64.0 
65.5 
69.6 
57.4 
54.3 

o 
81 
86 
89 
86 
75 
90 
92 
88 
99 
96 
77 
80 

o 
29 
25 
35 
32 
34 
42 
46 
47 
44 
40 
37 
33 

o 

38 
33 
41 
42 
41 
49 
48 
49 
48 
45 
46 
38 

Pet. 
72 
60 
77 
80 
86 
88 
86 
84 
86 
83 
83 
71 

In. 
0.238 
0.189 
0.262 
0.269 
0.263 
0.344 
0.341 
0.356 
0.342 
0.298 
0.314 
0.231 

In. 
0.270 
0.241 
0.295 
0.335 
0.332 
0.397 
0-.388 
0.391 
0.400 
0.360 
0.386 
0.291 

In. 
6.66 
0.28 
7.62 
1.54 
0.10 
0.92 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
3.92 
1.94 
4.51 

In. 
2.30 
0.27 
2.16 
1.38 
0.10 
0.92 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
1.36 
0.88 
2.56 

2.0 
1.0 
3.9 
1.9 
2.6 
3.2 
8.4 
6.9 
4.2 
2.1 
3.5 
2.1 

3.6 
1.7 
5.0 
3.1 
2.8 
1.1 
0.5 
1.3 
1.0 
2.0 
5.4 
3.7 

April        

May 

July 

September  

November  
December  

Year  
1900. 

29.81 

30.  25 

29.41 

50.0 

62.9 

70.5 

46.3 

58.4 

99 

25     43 

48 

80 

60 

0.287 

0.340 

26.39 

2.56 

3.5 

2.6 

3.7 

29.88 
29.88 
29.79 
29.79 
29.76 
29.73 
29.68 
29.76 
29.73 
29.78 
29.82 
29.93 

30.06 
30.08 
30.04 
29.95 
29.98 
29.88 
29.87 
29.95 
29.90 
30.02 
30.01 
30.05 

29.65 
29.54 
29.61 
29.58 
29.58 
29.58 
29.55 
29.62 
29.50 
29.56 
29.52 
29.79 

49.1 
46.8 
50.^3 
45*8 
53.7 
54.8 
53.2 
57.0 
56.5 
55.6 
49.7 
47.7 

61.2 
60.9 
61.4 
58.3 
64.9 
68.1 
70.4 
68.2 
69.2 
64.9 
64.1 
60.6 

66.5 
69.0 
69.4 
64.7 
74.6 
76.5 
77.0 
75.4 
78.0 
74.5 
73.2 
67.5 

46.0 
43.5 
46.9 
43.6 
48.7 
51.3 
51.3 
54.4 
50.8 
51.1 
46.4 
43.6 

56.2 
56.2 
58.2 
54.2 
61.6 
63.9 
64.2 
64.9 
64.4 
62.8 
59.8 
65.6 

80 
80 
84 
80 
88 
93 
93 
106 
94 
96 
92 
84 

36 
34 
37 
34 
42 
45 
46 
49 
41 
43 
38 
31 

43 
39 
44 
41 
46 
49 
50 
52 
46 
46 
43 
38 

48 
45 
49 
45 
49 
52 
53 
53 
49 
50 
48 
42 

80 
75 
80 
84 
75 
82 
87 
85 
70 
74 
79 
71 

78 

65 
58 
66 
61 
68 
57 
55 
60 
52 
62 
60 
54 

59 

0.280 
0.240 
0.292 
0.261 
0.301 
0.347 
0.356 
0.391 
0.308 
0.323 
0.288 
0.232 

0.343 
0.303 
0.355 
0.301 
0.347 
0.387 
0.402 
0.404 
0.359 
0.374 
0.341 
0.280 

2.13 
0.16 
2.18 
0.98 
1.38 
0.01 
T. 
T. 
T. 
1.93 
8.01 
0.  26 

1.82 
0.16 
2.00 
0.54 
0.92 
0.01 
T. 
T. 
T. 
0.62 
4.18 
0.26 

3.5 
1.6 
3.7 
4.7 
3.3 
4.7 
6.9 
7.2 
3.1 
3.7 
3.0 
1.0 

4.2 
2.8 
3.9 
3.5 
2.6 
2.6 
1.0 
1.8 
1.4 
2.8 
4.0 
2.8 

4.9 
3.2 
4.9 
4.5 
3.0 
3.9 
3.9 
5.1 
3.0 
3.9 
4.4 
3.1 

February  

April  

May 

July    . 

August  

September  
October  

November  
December  

Year  .... 

29.79 

30.08 

29.50 

51.7 

64.4 

72.2 

48.1 

60.2 

106 

31 

45 

49 

0.302 

0.350 

17.04 

4.18 

3.9 

2.8 

4.0 

"  From  observations  at  8  a.  m.  and  8  p.  m.  75th  meridian  time.    Local  mean  time  3  h.  3  m .  slow. 


CLIMATE   OF    8OUTHEBN    COAST. 


63 


ANNUAL  METEOROLOGICAL  SUMMARY  FOB  THE  YEARS  1899  AND  1900. 
[H  =  201ft.;  h,  =  l 


Date. 

Wind. 

Number  of  days. 

By  self-registers. 

Number  of  winds,  8  a.  m.  and  8  p.  m. 

i 

6 

Partly  cloudy. 

X 

•c 

3 
S 

O 

Precipi- 
tation. 

1 

CO 

i 

1 

Maxi- 

mum 
temp. 

Minimum  temperature  be- 
low 82°. 

Elec- 
tricity. 

Average  hourly  vo- 
loclty. 

Prevailing  direc- 
tion. 

>. 

1 

*£ 
f 

a 

3 

S 

s 

Jfi. 
32 
22 
26 
25 
22 
20 
21 
21 
22 
16 
28 
22 

Direction  at  time  of 
maximum  velocity. 

Number  of  days 
with  gales. 

A 

o 

.c 
X 

1 
3 
0 
1 
0 
2 
0 
0 
0 

1 
1 

0 

1 

2 
0 
0 

1 

3 

1 

2 

3 
1 

2 
4 

Southeast, 

| 

1 

Southwest. 

I 

Northwest. 

a 

*£ 

O 

0.01  inch  and  over. 

0.04  inch  and  over. 

ti 

5 

M 

Above  90° 

Thunderstorms. 

I 

< 

a 

0 
0 

a 

0 
0 
a 

0 

0 

0 
a 

0 

1899. 

.'/•••.. 

6.1 
6.0 
6.6 
5.5 
5.7 
4.8 
4.6 
4.9 
4.4 
4.2 
4.2 
4.9 

Miki. 
N. 
ST. 
N. 
N. 
W. 
W. 
N. 
W. 
N. 
N. 
N. 

N. 
W. 
N. 
W. 
W. 
N. 
W. 
N. 
W. 
N. 
S. 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

29 
28 
22 
19 
20 
6 
23 
11 
25 
25 
26 
31 

2 
0 
5 
2 
1 
1 
1 
1 
0 
2 
1 
2 

14 
3 
14 
8 
2 
8 
13 
8 
7 
13 
12 
6 

0 
0 
1 
1 

1 

1 
1 

0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

8 
14 
16 
17 
28 
25 
15 
33 
15 
12 
11 
12 

6 
6 
4 
10 

6 
13 
7 
5 

8 
4 

7 
6 

1 

0 
0 
2 
3 
1 
1 
2 
2 
4 
0 
1 

18 
21 
13 
15 
19 
19 
24 
15 
22 
18 
7 
17 

4 
6 
5 
12 
8 
8 
7 
12 
7 
10 
11 
6 

9 

1 
13 
3 

4 
3 
0 

4 
1 

12 

Q 

7 
2 
10 
3 
1 
1 
0 

o 

0 

7 
9 

7 

7 
1 

9 
3 

1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
7 
8 
6 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 

1 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

1 

2 
2 
2 
6 
10 
0 
0 
6 
2 
4 
2 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
Q 

o 

0 

o 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
1 
2 
0 
4 
3 
0 
0 

3 
3 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

o 
o 
o 

0 
P 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

March 

April  

May 

June  

July  

September  
October 

November  

Year.... 
1900. 

5.2 

N. 

32 

SE.         0 

265       9     20     18  ,108       5   206     82     17   -J08     95     62 

47     43       0 

1 

37 

0 

10 

6 

0 

- 

0 
0 

1 
1 

0 

1 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

a 

__. 

0 

a 

0 

0 
0 

0 

1 

0 

1 
• 

5.0 
5.6 
4.9 
5.7 
6.1 
5.1 
4.5 
5.2 
5.1 
5.1 
4.5 
5.1 

N. 
N. 
W. 
W. 
W. 
W. 

W. 
W. 
W. 
H. 
X. 

22 
25 
24 
28 
20 
20 
16 
20 
22 
23 
28 
27 

N. 
W. 
W. 
W. 
W. 
X. 
W. 
S. 
W. 
N. 
S. 
N. 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

32 
27 
18 
11 
22 
16 
11 
5 
16 
17 
34 
40 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

o 

0 
0 

2      3 
4       0 
3       1 
4       0 
1       0 
1       1 
3       1 
3      0 
3       1 
4       1 
0      0 
0      0 

9 
1 
12 
8 
.9 
il 
13 
15 
4 
15 
11 
0 

0 

1 

0 
0 

1 
1 

0 

1 

1 

0 
0 
0 

10 
15 
23 
31 
27 
24 
28 
35 
26 
20 
9 
13 

2 
6 
4 
2 
2 
4 
6 
2 
3 
4 
3 
8 

4 

2 
1 
4 
0 
2 
0 
1 
6 
1 
3 
1 

11 
18 
13 
15 
20 
15 
15 
8 
18 
18 
14 
20 

11 
9 

7 
6 
5 
9 
12 
15 
8 
4 
9 
7 

9 
1 
11 
1 

6 
6 
4 
8 
4 
9 
7 
4 

4 
2 
5 
6 

:  4 
i 

0 
0 
0 

7 
6 

1 

4 
1 
4 
5 

A 

o 
o 
o 

0 
7 

6 

1 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

3 
3 
5 
1 
1 
5 
1 
0 
1 
3 
3 
3 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

1 

1 

2 
5 
2 
1 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

o 
o 
o 

0 
0 
0 

1 

February  

March 

April.  . 

Mav 

July  

August  

September  
October  

November  
December.  

Year  .... 

5.2       W. 

28 

S. 

0 

249 

0 

28       8 

108 

5 

261 

46 

25 

185 

102 

78 

36     32 

0 

0 

29 

0 

12 

130 

64  CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFOENIA. 

SANTA   BARBARA. 

Santa  Barbara  is  situated  in  latitude  34°  23'  north  and  longitude  119°  40'  west.  In  con- 
sidering the  entire  coast  line  of  California  from  Point  St.  George  to  San  Diego  one  is  struck  by 
several  marked  changes  of  direction.  The  most  noticeable  bend  occurs  at  Point  Arguello,  where 
the  coast  runs  nearly  due  east  to  Santa  Barbara  and  there  bends  southeast  again  with  a  short 
stretch  running  east  and  west  between  Point  Dume  and  Santa  Monica.  Santa  Barbara  occupies 
a  central  position  on  that  part  of  the  coast  of  California  which  distinctively  faces  southward. 
Santa  Barbara  Channel,  with  a  depth  of  water  varying  from  25  to  365  fathoms,  lies  between  the 
mainland  and  San  Miguel  Island,  Santa  Rosa  Island,  Santa  Cruz  Island,  and  Anacapa  Island. 
The  Santa  Ynez  Mountains  traverse  this  section  of  California  running  east  and  west,  and  embrace 
a  number  of  valleys,  the  Santa  Maria,  Lompoc,  Los  Alamos,  and  Santa  Ynez  in  the  north  and 
the  Santa  Barbara  in  the  south.  The  city  itself  lies  encircled  by  foothills  except  to  the  south, 
where  it  fronts  the  sea.  Because  of  these  topographical  features  the  climatic  conditions  approach 
the  ideal. 

'For  many  years  temperature  and  rainfall  records  were  maintained  by  the  late  Mr.  Hugh.D. 
Vail.  At  the  request  of  the  Santa  Barbara  Chamber  of  Commerce,  Dr.  C.  Max  Richter  has 
carefully  gone  over  these  records  and  compiled  the  following  data,  covering  a  period  of  fifteen 
years  for  Santa  Barbara.  The  records  for  a  period  of  three  years  maintained  at  his  own  station- 
Pine  Crest,  Santa  Barbara  foothills — are  also  given.  To  illustrate  the  differences  in  rainfall 
existing  within  short  distances  where  topographical  conditions  are  so  varied  as  they  are  here, 
Dr.  Richter  calls  attention  to  the  rainfall  at  Santa  Barbara  during  the  month  of  October,  1901. 
2.42  inches  of  rain  fell  on  October  26,  while  at  Pine  Crest,  2  miles  away,  2.86  inches  fell  on  the 
26th,  0.66  of  an  inch  on  the  27th,  and  0.03  inch  on  the  28th.  The  rainfall  at  the  upper  station, 
elevation  850  feet,  exceeded  that  at  the  lower  station,  elevation  100  feet,  in  the  ratio  of  3  to  2. 

The  highest  temperature  recorded  at  Santa  Barbara  is  107°  and  the  lowest  28.5°.  The  tem- 
peratures of  winter  and  spring  months  approximate  56°:  summer  and  fall  months  63°.  The 
annual  mean  temperature  is  about  60°. 


CLIMATE    OF    SOUTHERN    COAST. 

THE  CLIMATE  OF  SANTA  BARBARA. 
[By  Dr.  C.  M.  Richter.] 


65 


Temperature. 

Mean- 

Least  daily  range. 

Absolute- 

Mean  of  three  consecutive 
highest  maxima. 

Mean  of  throe  consecutive 
lowest  minima. 

Mean  number  of  days  — 

Months. 

2 

1 

i  S 

Maximum. 

Minimum. 

Warmest  day. 

Coldest  day. 

Three  consecutive 
wannest  days. 

Three  consecutive 
coldest  days. 

Daily  range. 

• 

Greatest  daily  range. 

Maximum. 

Minimum. 

With  80°  or  above. 

With  80°  to  99.5°. 

With  90°  to  99.5°. 

With  100°  or  above. 

With  32°  or  below. 

62.4 
64.4 
64.1 
67.0 
67;6 
71.*0 
72.8 
75.9 
75.0 
72.4 
69.6 
65.1 
68.9 
64.0 
66.2 
73.2 
72.3 

43.4 
45.2 
46.4 
48.8 
51.1 
54.1 
57.2 
58.4 
57.1 
53.4 
48.7 
46.1 
52.1 
44.9 

56.6 
53.1 

73.5 
73.0 
69.5 
74.5 
79.8 
79.0 
84.0 
83.3 
78.8 
77.0 
73.0 
69.0 
84.0 
69.8 
75.0 
83.8 
63.5 

41.0 
40.5 
42.5 
47.0 
51.5 
55.0 
59.5 
60.0 
56.7 
51.7 
47.5 
43.5 
40.5 
40.5 
42.5 
55.0 
47.5 

66.4 
68.7 
67.3 
71.8 
75.8 
75.7 
77.4 
80.1 
76.9 
79.4 
72.1 
67.3 
80.1 
68.7 
75.8 
80.1 

n  i 

42.4 
43.7 
44.0 
48.3 
47.0 
56.0 
60.8 
60.1 
59.0 
55.5 
50.0 
46.6 
42.4 
42.4 
44.0 
56.0 
50.0 

18.3 
18.0 
17.1 
17.9 
16.4 
17.0 
16.9 
17.1 
18.5 
18.7 
19.7 
19.0 
17.2 
18.5 
17.1 
17.0 
19.1 

35.5 
36.0 
37.0 
41.0 
40.0 
39.0 
46.0 
32.0 
49.0 
40.0 
39.0 
36.0 
49.0 
36.0 
41.0 
46.0 
49.0 

0.6 
1.0 
2.0 
1.0 
4.0 
4.5 
3.5 
5.0 
4.0 
2.0 
1.0 
1.0 
0.6 
0.6 
1.0 
3.5 
1.0 

85.0 
85.5 
86.0 
95.0 
98.0 
95.0 
107.0 
98.0 
103.5 
96.5 
91.0 
84.0 
107.0 
85.5 
98.0 
107.0 
103.5 

28.5 
29.0 
34.0 
36.5 
40.0 
44.0 
49.0 
50.0 
48.0 
42.0 
37.5 
32.0 
28.5 
28.5 
34.0 
44.0 
37.5 

79.0 
83.0 
82.3 
90.0 
92.1 
92.0 
92.1 
95.0 
96.0 
91.4 
89.0 
82.7 
95.0 
83.0 
92.1 
95.0 
91.4 

30.0 
34.0 
35.3 
37.8 
42.6 
46.6 
50.7 
52.3 
61.2 
43.6 
38.8 
34.0 
30.0 
30.0 
35.3 
46.6 
38.8 

0.1 
1.0 
0.6 
1.7 

1.4 
2.1 
3.3 

5.2 
3.7 
2.7 
1.0 

0.1 
1.0 
0.6 
1.7 
1.4 
2.1 
3.3 
5.9 
8.2 
3.7 
2.7 
1.0 

0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.6 
0.5 
8.0 
4.0 
8.0 
10.0 
9.0 
2.0 
0.0 
52.0 

0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
1.0 
0.0 
1.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
2.0 

5.0 
1.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
1.0 
7.0 

March                              55.3 

April                       57.9 

May                                59  4 

June                      62.  6 

July  65.5 

August                             66.9 

September  (  66.1 

October                          62.  6 

November           59.  1 

December  ,   55.  6 

A  nnual                             -W-  9 

Winter                            54,4 

11.0 

20  0 

Fall                         62.6 

21.0 

Temperature  —  Continued. 

Mean  relative  humidity. 

Wind. 

t 

1 

"o 
>> 

3 
.25 
3 

> 
a 

1 

I 
1 

S»» 

•8 

1 

X 

Mean  number  of  days  — 

ut«  maxima. 

lute  minima. 

Mean  nunilior  days  with  highest 
absolute  minimum  (10°  or  above. 

Number  of  days  with  frost. 

Mean  number  of  days  — 

Mean  direction  of. 

Greatest  movement  In  one  day. 

Average  velocity  per  hour. 

Months. 
I 

ft 

1 

E 

gj 

im  40°  to  49.5°. 

urn  70°  to  79.5°. 

1 

5 

Partly  cloudy. 

X 

c 

i 

Precipitation. 

1 

s 

-     \\        I 

6.0 
3.6 
2.9 
0.2 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.2 
2.6 
15  6 

20.0 
19.0 
16.0 
17.0 
10.6 
2.6 
0.0 
0.0 
0.2 
5.2 
16.9 
20.4 

4.2 
5.0 
5.0 
7.0 
6.5 
13.0 
22.0 
21.6 
20.0 
13.5 
10.2 
5.4 

48.0 
50.0 
i-  • 
• 
57.5 
60.0 
65.0 
64.0 
62.0 
60.0 
55.0 
52.0 
48.0 

62.0 
64.0 
58.0 
66.0 
66.0 
66.0 
66.0 
68.5 
67.0 
64.0 
60.0 
62.0 
68.5 
64.0 

0.0 
0.1 
0.0 

98.0 
65.0 
27.0 
2.0 
0.0 

ao 

0.0 
0.0 

ao 

0.0 
4.0 

5.6 

19.8 
17.6 
17.8 
20.7 
15.5 
20.3 
23.6 
22.5 
21.2 
19.6 
22.0 
20.0 
241.0 

3.7 
3.7 
4.5 
3.1 
5.0 
5.0 
5.4 
6.1 
5.3 
6.0 
3.1 
3.0 
56.0 

8.2 
7.7 
8.6 
6.1 
9.6 
4.5 
1.9 
2.3 
3.4 
5.3 
5.1 
7.1 
67.7 

4.9 
5.1 
5.3 
2.6 
2.3 
0.5 
0.1 
0.0 
0.9 
2.4 
2.5 
5.6 
32.5 

67.1 
69.2 
70.0 
71.0 
73.1 
71  5 
75.9 
74.6 
71   - 
72.1 
66.0 
65.1 
71.0 
67.1 
71.4 
75.0 
71.0 

W. 
W. 

w. 
w. 
w. 

E. 
E.W. 
W. 
w. 
w. 
w. 
w. 
w. 
w. 
w. 

E.W. 
W. 

363 
386 
402 
306 
337 
330 
196 
152 
258 
240 
355 
280 
402 
386 
402 
331 
258 

3.4 
4.0 
4.6 
4.5 
4.4 
4.7 
4.3 
4.0 
3.7 
3.4 
3.2 
3.6 
4.0 

.2.3 
2.2 
2.4 
2.5 
2.2 
2.1 
1.9 
1.7 
2.1 
2.6 
2.5 
2.3 
2.3 

3.74 
3.32 
2.27 
1.23 
0.37 
0.09 
0.02 
T. 
0.13 
0.75 
1.59 
3.74 
17.19 

February              4.  7 

March                             3.  5 

\pril                          .     0.  6 

May     0.0 

June                                  0.  0 

1.2 
6.0 
9.0 
6.0 
2.0 
0.2 
0.0 

July.               0.0 

\ugust                              0.  0 

October                           0.  0 

December  4.  0 

\nnual                            

Winter 

66  0 

68.5    

Fall 

67  0 

i 

1176— Bull.  L— 03- 


66 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 

MONTHLY  AND  ANNUAL  PRECIPITATION.     (INCHES  AND   HUNDREDTHS. ) 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Bee. 

Annual. 

1868                                

3.97 

2.00 

1.08 

2.44 

0.72 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.25 

4.26 

15.72 

1869 

3.26 

2.12 

4.22 

0.46 

0.20 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.30 

0.65 

0.57 

11.78 

1870                         

0.25 

5.87 

0.83 

0.99 

0.74 

0.07 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.04 

0.27 

1.41 

11.47 

1871                                            

0.86 

2.92 

0.02 

2.02 

0.37 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.09 

1.83 

6.56 

14.67 

1872 

2  53 

1.81 

0.18 

1.80 

0.00 

0.14 

0.00 

0.02 

0.05 

0.00 

0.00 

4.34 

10.87 

1873                         

0.58 

5.48 

0.05 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.27 

5.26 

11.64 

1874 

4.54 

3.17 

0.78 

0.28 

0.14 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.91 

1.30 

0.00 

12.12 

1875  

14.84 

0.18 

0.38 

0.10 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

6.53 

0.31 

22.34 

1876 

7.56 

5.67 

2.73 

0.27 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.32 

0.00 

0.00 

16.55 

1877  

2.72 

0.00 

0.82 

0.18 

0.45 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.32 

3.12 

8.61 

1878                                            ..  .. 

7.17 

11.73 

2.47 

3.34 

0.29 

0.07 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.32 

0.00 

5.16 

30.55 

1879 

5  24 

0  71 

0.34 

1.60 

0.21 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.41 

1.62 

4.57 

14.70 

1880                  

1.30 

10.86 

1.15 

5.78 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.25 

0.28 

9.73 

29.30 

1881  

2.83 

0.30 

1.25 

0.59 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.44 

1.47 

0.33 

0.95 

8.16 

1882                

1.13 

2.38 

5.7'4 

1.63 

0.00 

0.20 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.37 

0.77 

0.10 

12.32 

1883 

2  18 

2.92 

3.64 

0.29 

2.79 

0.35 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.32 

0.00 

2.76 

16.25 

1884           

6.33 

9.68 

9.77 

2.60 

0.39 

1.62 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.02 

0.79 

6.62 

38.82 

1886 

1  23 

0  07 

0.35 

3.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

'0.19 

9.84 

2  47 

17.15 

1886  

5.12 

1.19 

2.03 

3.40 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.39 

0.87 

0.86 

13.86 

1887                             -     . 

0  31 

8  64 

0.13 

1.43 

0.33 

0.03 

0.00 

0.00 

0.38 

0.31 

1.10 

4.43 

17  09 

1888  

10.15 

1.30 

3.86 

0.16 

0.02 

T. 

T. 

T. 

0.03 

0.07 

5.62 

5.59 

26.80 

1889 

0.29 

1  29 

7  31 

0.49 

0.76 

0.13 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

8.65 

3.21 

10  64 

32  77 

1890 

5  32 

2  96 

1  10 

0  31 

0  18 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1  50 

0  05 

0  48 

3  53 

15  43 

1891 

0.45 

7  92 

1.56 

1.57 

0.30 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.15 

0.00 

0.00 

2.43 

14.38 

1892 

1  10 

2  55 

2  95 

0  46 

1  12 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  26 

4  27 

6  66 

19  37 

1893 

4.41 

3.10 

7.80 

0.38 

0.09 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.82j 

0  07 

2  94 

19  61 

1894 

0  99 

0  76 

0  29 

0  24 

0  91 

0  00 

0  12 

T 

1  36 

0  68 

0  07 

4  67 

10  09 

1895.             

6.25 

0.67 

1  99 

0.46 

0.02 

0.05 

T. 

0  00 

0  00 

0.55 

0  77 

0  93 

11  69 

1896 

6  84 

0  00 

2  37 

1  78 

0  08 

0  05 

0  40 

0  00 

0  00 

0  92 

3  51 

2  92 

18  87 

1897  

4.35 

3.65 

2  73 

0  02 

0.00 

0.00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1  44 

0  00 

0  00 

12  19 

1898 

0  63 

0  97 

0  28 

0  00 

1  25 

0  00 

T 

0  00 

3  17 

0  14 

0  00 

0  36 

6  80 

1899           

4.48 

0  00 

2  78 

0  64 

0  00 

0.78 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

2  06 

1  97 

2  35 

15  06 

1900 

2  32 

0  05 

1  58 

0  42 

1  90 

0  01 

0  02 

T 

0  04 

0  15 

3  99 

0  02 

10  50 

3  68 

3  12 

2  26 

1  18 

0  40 

0  11 

0  02 

T 

0  22 

0  77 

1  61 

3  23 

16  59 

CLIMA.TE    OF    SOUTHERN    COAST. 
THE  CLIMATE  OP  SANTA  BARBARA  FOOTHILLS — PINE  CREST  STATION. 

[By  Dr.  C.  M.  Richter.] 


67 


Months. 

Temperature. 

Mean- 

"3 

•0 

1 

3 

Least  daily  range. 

Absolute. 

Mean  of  three  consecutive 
highest  maxima. 

Mean  of  three  conseeutive 
lowest  maxima. 

Mean  number  of  days  — 

Monthly. 

Maximum. 

Minimum. 

Warmest  day. 

Coldest  day. 

Three  consecutive 
warmest  days. 

Three  consecutive 
coldest  days. 

Daily  range. 

Maximum. 

Minimum. 

With  80°  or  above. 
With  80°  to  99°.5. 

With  90°  to  990.5. 

With  100°  or  above. 

With  32°  or  below. 

55.4 
58.0 
57.4 
59.3 
59.4 
64.4 
68.1 
68.9 
69.9 
64.8 
64.7 
58.4 
62.3 
57.3 
59.7 
66.8 
63.3 

61.8 
66.1 
65.6 
68.8 
68.5 
74.4 
79.2 
78.1 
79.7 
72.4 
71.8 
65.5 
71.0 
64.5 
67.6 
77.2 
74.6 

49.0 
50.0 
49.1 
49.8 
50.3 
54.5 
56.9 
58.1 
60.1 
55.3 
55.6 
51.4 
53.3 
50.1 
49.7 
56.5 
57.0 

70.0 
74.0 
76.5 
85.0 
77.5 
82.5 
87.5 
87.0 
90.0 
84.5 
80.5 
73.0 
90.0 
74.0 
85.0 
87.5 
90.0 

42.0 
39.5 
45.5 
45.5 
51.0 
54.0 
57.5 
59.5 
60.0 
52.5 
52.0 
46.0 
39.5 
39.5 
45.5 
54.0 
52.0 

69.2 
72.0 
74.3 
83.7 
74.2 
79.5 
84.2 
82.7 
86.8 
82.8 
79.5 
72.5 
86.8 
72.5 
83.7 
84.2 
86.8 

42.5 
41.7 
46.2 
49.0 
53.3 
54.8 
59.8 
61.0 
61.5 
54.0 
52.2 
46.8 
41.7 
41.7 
46.2 
54.8 
52.2 

12.7 
16.0 
16.1 
18.9 
17.1 
18.8 
22.2 
21.4 
19.2 
17.0 
16.1 
13.7 
17.4 
14.1 
17.3 
20.8 
17.4 

22.0 
28.0 
28.0 
34.0 
31.0 
34.0 
32.0 
33.0 
34.0 
29.0 
25.0 
23.0 
34.0 
28.0 
34.0 
34.0 
34.0 

4.0 
2.0 
3.0 
9.0 
6.0 
7.0 
11.0 
9.0 
10.0 
4.0 
5.0 
3.0 
2.0 
2.0 
3.0 
7.0 
4.0 

79.0 
82.0 
86.0 
95.0 
87.0 
93.0 
99.0 
99.0 
101.0 
93.0 
91.0 
83.0 
101.  0 
83.0 
95.0 
99.0 
101.0 

34.0 
31.0 
37.0 
39.0 
40.0 
46.0 
50.0 
51.0 
49.0 
46.0 
43.0 
39.0 
31.0 
31.0 
37.0 
46.0 
43.0 

75.7 
79.3 
83.7 
94.7 
78.7 
91.7 
95.3 
93.3 
97.3 
92.0 
89.0 
82.0 
97.3 
82.0 
>4.7 
95.3 
97.3 

35.3 
33.0 
38.0 
42.7 
46.0 
48.0 
50.7 
52.0 
52.0 
47.7 
46.0 
40.0 
33.0 
(33.0 
38.0 
48.0 
46.0 

0.0      0.0 
0.6  I    0.6 
1.7       1.7 
4.3      4.3 
3.0      3.0 
7.0       7.0 
13.8     13.3 
11.3     11.3 
15.0     14.3 
6.3      6.3 
5.7       5.7 
1.7       1.7 
5.8      5.8 
7.0       7.0 
2.7      2.7 
9.5      9.5 
8.1       7.9 

0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
7.0 
0.0 
5.0 
7.0 
9.0 
17.0 
3.0 
2.0 
0.0 
50.0 
0.0 
7.0 
21.0 
22.0 

0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
2.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
2.0 
0.0 
0.0 
2.0 
0.0 

0.0 
1.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
1.0 
1.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 

Fphmflry 

March  

May  

July..     . 

August 

October  

December 

Winter  . 

Spring  

Fall  

Months. 

Temperature. 

Mean  number  of  days  — 

Mean  relative  humidity. 

Wind. 

Number  of  years  observed 

Mean  number  of  days  — 

Lowest  absolute  maximum. 

Highest  absolute  minimum. 

Mean  number  of  days  with  highest  ab- 
solute maximum  60°  or  above. 

Number  of  days  with  frost. 

1 

8 

Partly  cloudy. 

5 

a 

Mean  direction. 

Greatest  movement  in  one  day. 

Average  velocity  per  hour. 

Precipitation. 

With  40°  or  below. 

Witli  minimum  82°  to  39°.fi. 

With  minimum  40°  to  49°.6. 

With  maximum  70°  to  79°.5.J 

Jftnnarv 

3.0 
2.3 
2.3 
0.7 
0.3 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
1.3 
7.0 
10.3 
3.3 
0.0 
0.0 

2.3 
1.7 
1.7 
0.3 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
1.3 
7.3 
5.3 
1.7 
0.0 
0.0 

16.3 
13.3 
16.7 
21.0 
17.3 
2.7 
0.0 
0.0 
0.3 
1.7 
5.3 
11.3 
8.8 
4.1 
5.5 
2.7 
7.3 

6.3 
10.0 
7.7 
6.7 
8.0 
14.7 
17.3 
17.0 
13.0 
12.7 
13.0 
7.0 
11.1 
23.3 
22.3 
49.0 
38.7 

64.0 
66.0 
68.0 
78.0 
73.0 
76.0 
78.0 
73.0 
81.0 
76.0 
72.0 
64.0 
81.0 
66.0 
78.0 
78.0 
81.0 

47.0 
40.0 
52.0 
52.0 
58.0 
58.0 
65.0 
64.0 
67.0 
58.0 
55.0 
53.0 
47.0 
47.0 
52.0 
.v.u 

10. 

4.0 
3.3 
3.0 
3.7 
2.0 
4.7 
8.0 
11.0 
13.7 
7.7 
8.7 
5.0 

0.7 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 
0.0 

17.3 
20.0 
17.3 
16.7 
21.0 
22.3 
26.7 
25.7 
23.7 
20.0 
23.0 
23.3 
25.0 

6.3 
4.0 
8.6 
6.0 
4.7 
5.1 
4.0 
3.1 
3.0 
6.0 
4.0 
2.0 
60.0 

7.0 
4.0 
4.0 
7.0 
5.0 
3.0 
0.0 
2.0 
3.0 
5.0 
4.0 
6.0 
51.0 

3.0 
1.3 
5.0 
3.0 
2.1 
0.6 
1.0 
0.0 
1.0 
4.0 
2.8 
1.2 
2.4 

62.3 
52.2 
67.2 
68.8 
68.7 
72.0 
70.6 
72.0 
59.7 
61.3 
60.5 
46.8 
63.5 
53.0 
68.0 
71.0 
60.0 

H. 
N. 
N. 
N. 
N. 
S. 
S. 
S. 

s. 

S.N. 
N. 
N. 

278 
346 
312 
281 
359 
252 
186 
197 
323 
359 
299 
222 
359 
346 
359 
252 
359 

4.7 
4.7 
4.9 
4.7 
3.9 
3.1 
2.9 
2.8 
3.5 
3.9 
4.5 
5.0 
4.0 

2.99 
0.55 
2.28 
0.54 
1.77 
0.08 
0.04 
0.00 
0.48 
1.21 
2.42 
0.65 
13.03 

February  

March  

April  

May  

June 



July  



September 

October  

November 

December  

Annual  .  . 

Winter  

N. 
N. 

S. 
8.N. 

Spring  

Siimmpr 

Fall  . 

-          1 

68  CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 

LOS  ANGELES. 

By  Mr.  G.  E.  FRANK  MX,  Local  Forecaster. 

Los  Angeles  City  is  located  in  a  valley  of  the  same  name,  18  miles  from  the  Pacific  Ocean. 
Its  chief  topographical  feature  is  a  range  of  hills  of  moderate  elevation  on  the  western  side,  with 
a  general  trend  north  to  south,  which  separates  it  from  the  Cahuenga  Valley,  that  extends  to  the 
ocean  on  the  west.  The  eastern  side  is  slightly  undulating  and  broadens  out  into  the  Los  Angeles 
Valle}r,  which  reaches  the  ocean  on  the  south. 

A  great  variety  of  climate  may  be  found  within  a  small  radius.  A  traveler  may  start  from 
the  ocean  at  Santa  Monica,  Redondo,  Long  Beach,  or  other  seaside  places  in  the  morning  and 
within  two  or  three  hours'  ride  by  rail  and  cable  railway  attain  an  altitude  of  2,000  feet,  whence 
by  trails  he  can  ascend  to  6,000  feet. 

The  rain  storms  do  not  last  usually  more  than  two  or  three  days  at  a  time;  occasionally  they 
continue  a  week,  and  are  followed  by  periods  of  fine  weather  lasting  two  or  three  weeks.  An 
average  of  three  hundred  and  seventeen  clear  days,  or  days  when  the  sun  is  but  partly  obscured, 
is  the  record  for  the  past  twenty-three  and  a  half  years;  the  sunshine  averages  75  per  cent.  The 
first  rains  wash  the  atmosphere  of  the  summer's  dust,  when  the  sky  becomes  beautifully  clear; 
the  later  rains  are  heavier  and  snow  falls  in  the  mountains,  though  a  light  fall  may  occur  with 
the  first  rain. 

The  prevailing  wind  is  west,  which,  coming  from  the  ocean,  causes  the  humidity  to  average 
quite  high.  The  nights  as  a  rule  are  cool  and  damp  and  the  days  warm  and  dry,  or  moderately 
so.  Morning  fogs  are  frequent  from  spring  to  autumn,  but  they  disappear  in  the  early  forenoon. 

During  heavy  fogs  the  air  is  so  saturated  with  moisture  that  it  is  not  uncommon  to  find  a 
precipitation  of  one-hundredth  of  an  inch  in  the  gauge.  On  the  other  hand,  the  humidity  falls 
as  low  as  9  per  cent  during  "  northers,"  which  occasionally  occur  in  the  summer  and  autumn 
months.  These  ''northers"  last  from  one  to  five  days,  usually  three,  and  are  accompanied  by 
high  temperature,  which  is  so  modified  by  the  dryness  of  the  air  as  to  be  neither  oppressive  nor 
debilitating. 

In  consulting  the  accompanying  temperature  tables  it  should  be  borne  in  mind  that  the 
instruments  from  which  the  data  were  obtained  were  located  on  roofs  of  buildings.  60  to  70  feet 
above  ground,  exposed  in  standard  shelters  and  above  the  stratum  of  colder  air  which  settles 
on  low  ground.  The  temperature  so  obtained  is  appreciably  different  from  that  on  the  surface, 
lower  maxima  and  higher  minima  resulting.  For  the  above  reasons  the  temperature  seldom 
falls  to  freezing  or  below  at  the  Weather  Bureau  station,  while  in  the  low  grounds  it  frequently 
reaches  32°  or  several  degrees  below  in  winter,  when  a  much  higher  temperature  obtains  at  the 
.station;  this  corresponds  to  the  foothill  belts,  where  frost  seldom  if  ever  happens.  Frost  occurs 
in  the  low  sections  of  the  city  when  in  the  hill  portions  there  is  not  the  least  trace,  and  where 
delicate  flowers,  such  as  calla  lillies,  may  be  seen  in  full  flower. 


CLIMATE    OF   SOUTHERN    COAST. 
MEAN  MONTHLY  AND  ANNUAL  TEMPERATURE  (DEGREES  FAHRENHEIT). 


69 


Year.           Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

Hay. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1877                     

73 

71 

71 

64 

63 

57 

1878       55 

55 

57 

59 

63 

67 

70 

71 

70 

65 

59 

55 

62 

1879  53 

56 

59 

60 

62 

68 

69 

72 

69 

66 

57 

53 

62 

1880             51 

51 

52 

57 

63 

66 

65 

69 

66 

63 

56 

56 

60 

1881                         53 

59 

57 

63 

64 

67 

72 

71 

70 

61 

57 

55 

62 

1882       50 

51 

56 

58 

61 

66 

71 

73 

70 

63 

58 

57 

61 

1883                           53 

52 

58 

58 

61 

71 

73 

72 

74 

6? 

60 

56 

63 

1884          M 

56 

56 

59 

63 

68 

73 

73 

67 

63 

61 

53 

62 

1885                     :    55 

57 

62 

63 

66 

67 

72 

75 

71 

66 

60 

58 

64 

1886       •    55 

60 

55 

59 

65 

69 

72 

75 

68 

60 

57 

56 

63 

1887  55 

51 

60 

60 

64 

68 

72 

70 

69 

66 

60 

53 

62 

1888  '          ...         50 

54 

56 

63 

63 

69 

73 

73 

74 

66 

60 

57 

63 

1889     52 

56 

59 

62 

63 

66 

71 

72 

73 

66 

61 

65 

63 

1890                         49 

54 

58 

59 

63 

68 

73 

73 

71 

68 

66 

61 

64 

1891     56 

53 

58 

59 

62 

66 

74 

75 

73 

66 

61 

53 

63 

1892                         57 

54 

56 

59 

62 

64 

68 

72 

68 

64 

62 

54 

62 

1893     57 

55 

54 

58 

63 

66 

70 

71 

66 

63 

57 

58 

62 

1894                         51 

51 

54 

59 

60 

63 

67 

70 

69 

66 

59 

54 

63 

1895          52 

57 

56 

59 

64 

66 

68 

69 

69 

66 

60 

56 

62 

18%                         58 

60 

58 

56 

63 

69 

71 

71 

68 

65 

60 

59 

63 

1897          56 

53 

53 

61 

63 

66 

70 

72 

70 

62 

62 

56 

62 

1898  52 

58 

55 

63 

60 

67 

70 

74 

71 

65 

61 

57 

63 

1899                         56 

54 

57 

60 

60 

65 

70 

69 

70 

63 

62 

58 

62 

1900                           58 

58 

60 

57 

64 

67 

71 

68 

67 

64 

66 

60 

64 

55 

57 

60 

63 

67 

71 

72 

70 

64 

60 

56 

62 

MAXIMUM  TEMPERATURE  (DEGREES  FAHRENHEIT). 

1877 

93 

88 
84 
85 

98 
90 
99 
98 
98 
98 
95 
99 
97 
109 
90 
89 
88 
85 
92 
86 
91 
93 
95 

87 
89 
98 
92 
100 
99 
98 
102 
106 
98 
94 
97 
95 
98 
96 
94 
92 
97 
88 
91 

96 
89 
93 

93 
103 
101 
91 
102 
100 
104 
92 
108 
91 
91 
98 
103 
94 
100 
95 
90 
99 
97 
92 
97 
99 
95 
94 

80 
91 
96 
89 
82 
88 
S3 
89 
102 
82 
93 
98 
89 
99 
89 
96 
91 
96 
91 
90 
83 
91 
100 
83 

86 
81 
84 
85 
81 
81 
84 
88 
78 
85 
86 
84 
82 
96 
85 
90 
86 
92 
94 
84 
92 
94 
86 
96 

81 
88 
76 
80 
79 
82 
80 
76 
82 
85 
73 
79 
68 
82 
75 
81 
88 
75 
86 
84 
89 
83 
82 
85 

9$ 
103 
104 
97 
102 
100 
101 
102 
108 
98 
100 
99 
103 
105 
109 
99 
92 
99 
100 
103 
97 
99 
100 
96 

1878 

72 
74 

n 

74 

78 
72 
75 
80 
71 
71 
67 
80 
81 
84 
75 
77 
87 
79 
84 
82 
81 

71 
80 
70 
86 
77 
82 
81 
81 
81 
82 
74 
84 
81 
71 
74 
79 
73 
84 
88 
83 
85 
82 
84 

76 
99 
74 
89 
88 
84 
72 
85 
76 
85 
79 
81 
81 
82 
81 
88 
82 
84 
89 
76 
81 
90 
90 

80 
88 
83 
94 
80 
89 
80 
89 
80 
87 
99 
93 
94 
86 
88 
84 
85 
82 
81 
90 
99 
92 
76 

89 
97 
97 
89 
86 
100 
79 
80 
89 
92 
83 
94 
96 
74 
99 
90 
80 
88 
103 
76 

H 

76 

87 

81 
104 
83 
88 
87 
100 
98 
90 
92 
100 
94 
81 
105 
89 
88 
90 
83 
100 
99 
88 
95 
89 
89 

1879 

1880 

1881 

1882  

1883 

1884  .           

1885 

1886              

1887 

1S88 

1889  

1890 

1891  

1892 

1893   .        

1894 

1895              

18% 

1897 

1898 

1899 

1900  

70 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF   CALIFORNIA. 

MINIMUM  TEMPERATURE  (DEGREES  FAHRENHEIT). 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1877  ,  

55 

56 

52 

43 

45 

36 

36 

1878  

37 

41 

41 

42 

47 

47 

52 

54 

50 

43 

37 

30 

30 

1879                 

36 

39 

42 

42 

43 

50 

52 

53 

47 

42 

36 

30 

30 

1880  

30 

34 

36 

40 

42 

50 

62 

52 

44 

44 

35 

38 

30 

1881            

37 

42 

37 

48 

41 

48 

51 

52 

50 

43 

34 

35 

34 

1882  

33 

32 

35 

40 

42 

50 

52 

57 

46 

44 

36 

35 

32 

1883       

30 

28 

43 

39 

40 

52 

52 

50 

53 

44 

42 

37 

28 

1884 

34 

38 

37 

42 

47 

50 

52 

52 

46 

43 

39 

36 

34 

1885      

38 

36 

42 

45 

49 

47 

52 

51 

51 

42 

40 

40 

36 

1886 

32 

41 

37 

42 

44 

48 

50 

54 

48 

41 

34 

37 

32 

1887  

33 

35 

41 

40 

44 

47 

51 

52 

49 

47 

39 

35 

33 

1888 

31 

39 

36 

44 

45 

50 

49 

51 

55 

44 

40 

41 

31 

1889  

32 

33 

44 

46 

46 

51 

54 

53 

52 

50 

43 

40 

32 

1890 

34 

35 

40 

42 

43 

48 

55 

56 

54 

46 

41 

43 

34 

1891  

34 

33 

40 

42 

47 

49 

54 

54 

52 

46 

40 

33 

33 

1892                 

37 

38 

36 

40 

42 

46 

50 

53 

50 

40 

41 

35 

35 

1893 

35 

38 

31 

39 

45 

48 

50 

54 

48 

46 

39 

37 

31 

1894         

32 

35 

35 

41 

46 

46 

51 

62 

49 

45 

38 

39 

32 

1895 

37 

36 

38 

41 

47 

47 

54 

51 

48 

45 

36 

34 

34 

1896          

36 

36 

35 

38 

44 

48 

54 

54 

50 

47 

37 

42 

35 

1897 

37 

35 

38 

40 

48 

50 

52 

54 

52 

45 

37 

30 

30 

1898     

31 

40 

36 

41 

46 

50 

56 

56 

48 

45 

41 

34 

31 

1899 

37 

33 

39 

42 

44 

50 

53 

53 

51 

45 

43 

37 

33 

1900  

41 

40 

40 

40 

47 

52 

53 

51 

49 

47 

48 

37 

37 

MEAN  DAILY  RANGE  IN  TEMPERATURE  (DEGREES  FAHRENHEIT). 


1877 

21 

22 

23 

19 

24 

19 

1878          

18 

16 

18 

16 

17 

16 

21 

20 

22 

27 

25 

25 

20 

1879  

18 

17 

20 

18 

24 

20 

22 

24 

25 

25 

23 

17 

21 

1880         

22 

21 

22 

16 

26 

20 

18 

21 

22 

24 

24 

15 

21 

1881 

20 

21 

23 

19 

22 

26 

28 

28 

29 

25 

27 

23 

24 

1882         

18 

22 

21 

24 

25 

24 

26 

26 

28 

26 

23 

26 

24 

1883                  -.  .- 

22 

21 

17 

24 

24 

27 

25 

28 

27 

22 

25 

22 

24 

1884     

22 

16 

16 

19 

18 

21 

28 

27 

26 

23 

25 

17 

22 

1885  

21 

25 

25 

22 

22 

27 

27 

28 

28 

27 

19 

20 

24 

1886.    

17 

23 

20 

20 

27 

24 

29 

29 

25 

24 

27 

22 

24 

1887             

25 

18 

26 

21 

26 

27 

25 

25 

24 

26 

23 

21 

24 

1888     

16 

18 

18 

22 

20 

26 

28 

28 

26 

22 

20 

19 

22 

1889  '            

22 

25 

20 

22 

22 

20 

25 

25 

24 

20 

23 

12 

22 

1890     

17 

21 

22 

20 

18 

23 

25 

22 

22 

29 

30 

19 

22 

1891         

25 

17 

20 

23 

16 

23 

25 

24 

25 

24 

27 

21 

22 

1892     

24 

16 

19 

25 

19 

24 

24 

22 

25 

24 

25 

19 

22 

1893          

25 

21 

18 

22 

21 

25 

25 

23 

23 

24 

23 

22 

23 

1894     

22 

21 

22 

22 

20 

22 

26 

23 

25 

25 

27 

16 

23 

1895          

17 

22 

20 

21 

21 

23 

21 

23 

28 

21 

25 

25 

22 

1896   

20 

28 

22 

21 

23 

22 

21 

22 

24 

23 

21 

22 

22 

1897       

19 

18 

18 

24 

16 

21 

21 

22 

22 

20 

26 

27 

21 

1898 

19 

22 

23 

23 

18 

21 

22 

24 

26 

27 

27 

24 

23 

1899     

21 

24 

19 

22 

19 

19 

24 

21 

25 

22 

22 

24 

22 

1900  

22 

25 

20 

20 

21 

20 

21 

19 

24 

21 

24 

25 

22 

21 

21 

20 

21 

21 

23 

24 

24 

25 

24 

24 

21 

22 

CLIMATE    OF   SOUTHERN    COAST. 
GREATEST  AND  LEAST  DAILY  RANGES  is  TEMPERATURE  (DEGREES  FAHRENHEIT). 


71 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug.   Sept.    Oct. 

Xov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

f 

$ 

Greatest. 

i 

Greatest. 
Least. 

Greatest. 
Lcalt. 

Greatest. 

1 

5 

l 

Greatest. 

I 

i 

1 
O 

| 

0 

1 

I 

5 

1 

1 
O 

~ 
1 

(i  reatest. 

| 

1877        

30 
28 
28 
32 
40 
39 
34 
42 
42 
40 
40 
40 
37 
33 
39 
34 
35 
35 
28 
30 
28 
34 
37 
33 

13 
15 
14 
11 
20 
19 
18 
18 
16 
20 
12 
20 
17 
17 
17 
16 
16 
17 
13 
12 
14 
15 
16 
13 

29 
26 
32 
34 
37 
37 
38 
38 
42 
37 
35 
39 
34 
34 
35 
32 
31 
32 
33 
29 
31 
34 
32 
27 

15 
16 

12 
19 
10 
22 
17 
17 
14 
12 
15 
18 
13 
18 
13 
16 
15 
12 
15 
14 
15 
13 
11 

33 
40 
36 
39 
45 
36 
40 
37 
48 
40 
37 
38 
41 
35 
38 
36 
35 
44 
41 
36 
32 
42 
37 
38 

12 
14 
14 
13 
19 
13 
17 
12 
16 
14 
11 
13 
1 
8 
14 
14 
12 
12 

13 
9 
8 
11 
12 

29 
44 
43 
40 
37 
36 
36 
37 
44 
39 
40 
39 
32 
49 
43 
40 
40 
38 
41 
35 
31 
38 
40 
32 

12 
12 
11 
11 
7 
10 
10 
3 
15 
- 
14 

6 
8 

8 
7 
g 
11 
12 
10 
- 
5 
13 
9 
11 

35 
41 
36 
36 
37 
37 
38 
39 
36 
39 
37 
39 
33 
39 
39 
39 
38 
42 
42 
30 
34 
37 
38 
34 

14 
11 
10 
10 
13 
9 
12 
11 
3 
14 
g 
6 
8 
11 
13 
7 
- 
16 
5 
6 
12 
13 
4 
6 

31 
36 
33 
27 
34 
39 
32 
32 
28 
37 
35 
28 
21 
29 
34 
30 
40 
31 
33 
34 
38 
34 
32 
34 

5 
7 
4 
7 
11 
13 
4 
6 
7 
10 
13 
5 
5 
3 
7 
5 
7 
3 
14 
12 
15 
10 
8 
18 

1878 

25 
31 
32 
29 
28 
37 
37 
31 
28 
38 
30 
34 
25 
34 
34 
37 
38 
27 

39 
29 
32 
32 
34 

9 
6 

13 
5 
8 
8 
6 
11 
6 
16 
5 
6 
9 
13 
8 

c 

10 
5 
6 
8 

7 
6 
5 

23 
31 
34 
32 
31 
33 
30 
35 
33 
.31 
30 
35 
32 
28 
30 
33 
'36 
34 
39 
31 
35 
36 
36 

7 
6 
6 
8 
9 
8 
6 
14 
9 
8 
5 
8 
7 
4 
6 
4 
8 
7 
12 
6 
6 
5 
11 

28 
38 

9A 

40 
36 
29 
26 
38 
29 
36 
30 
31 
33 
30 
31 
34 
40 
35 
32 
31 
35 
37 
35 

8 
6 
10 

6 
5 
12 
12 
10 

9 
6 
7 
8 
6 
5 
6 
g 
10 
9 

30 
36 
30 
40 
34 
35 
30 
37 
36 
36 
43 
39 
40 
37 
38 
33 
33 
32 
33 
35 
41 
43 
31 

9 
3 
7 
5 
12 
4 
8 
10 
5 
9 
10 
8 
11 
16 
7 
12 
7 
14 
5 
8 
13 
10 

32 
38 
34 
39 
40 
43 
28 
28 
39 
39 
33 
35 
37 
26 
41 
34 
32 
35 
35 
26 
30 
27 
33 

14 
10 
10 
12 
10 
10 
15 
12 
13 
10 
13 
7 
8 
7 
8 
10 
8 
14 
6 
10 
8 
10 

28 
38 
32 
38 
35 
44 
40 
40 
39 
47 
41 
27 
36 
33 
36 
36 
37 
38 
38 
35 
42 
32 
36 

8 
10 
9 
12 
12 
14 
5 
16 
10 
13 
15 
13 
13 
14 
10 
13 
13 
15 
12 
14 
9 
11 
8 

1879          



1880 

1881 

1882  

1883 

1884  

1885 

1886 

1887  

1888 

1889  

1890 

1891  

1892  

1893 

1894  

1895 

1896  

1897 

1898  . 

1899  

1900 

NUMBER  OF  DAYS  TEMPERATURE  WAS  ABOVE  90°  F. 


1 
Year.                             Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1877 

3 

n 

1 

0 

0 

0 

4 

1878  ...             0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

I 

4 

1 

o 

0 

5 

1879                                                                    0 

0 

1 

o 

2 

3 

0 

0 

4 

5 

o 

0 

18 

1880                                             .       .               0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

o 

0 

2 

1881  0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

5 

4 

7 

0 

0 

0 

17 

1882                                                     1           0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

3 

5 

2 

0 

o 

0 

10 

1883  0 

0 

0 

0 

3 

6 

0 

8 

10 

0 

o 

o 

27 

1884                                                         '            0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

2 

5 

7 

1 

0 

o 

o 

15 

1885  ..                                            '            0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

7 

11 

5 

2 

o 

o 

26 

1886                                                                    0 

o 

o 

o 

0 

4 

9 

13 

1 

0 

o 

o 

27 

1887                                                    1           0 

0 

0 

2 

2 

3 

2 

5 

o 

o 

17 

1888                                                               0 

o 

o 

2 

0 

3 

£ 

g 

9 

2 

o 

o 

30 

1889                                                    1           0 

0 

0 

1 

1 

0 

5 

5 

- 

0 

o 

o 

20 

1890  ••           0 

0 

0 

1 

1 

5 

5 

5 

5 

6 

4 

o 

32 

1891                                                     '           0 

o 

0 

0 

0 

0 

9 

5 

9 

0 

o 

o 

23 

1892  ..                                                ..j            0 

0 

0 

0 

3 

0 

1 

4 

1 

3 

o 

o 

12 

1893  0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

*       0 

0 

4 

1 

2 

0 

0 

8 

1894  .                                                     1            0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

3 

4 

3 

1 

o 

11 

1895  0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

- 

1 

2 

o 

11 

1896                                                    1           0 

0 

0 

0 

3 

3 

1 

1 

1 

0 

o 

o 

9 

1897  '            0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

5 

5 

0 

1 

o 

11 

1898                                                               0 

0 

0 

5 

0 

3 

1 

g 

1 

2 

o 

28 

1899  !            0 

0 

0 

2 

0 

0 

3 

0 

3 

2 

0 

o 

10 

1900                                                                    0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

2 

0 

£ 

o 

14 

72 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFOENIA. 
NUMBER  OF  DAYS  TEMPERATURE  WAS  BELOW  32°  F. 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1877  

Q 

o 

1878*.  

0 

0 

0 

0 

o 

o 

o 

0 

1879 

o 

0 

0 

Q 

1880  

1 

0 

0 

0 

o 

o 

1881  . 

0 

o 

0 

0 

1882  

0 

o 

o 

0 

Q 

0 

1883... 

I 

2 

Q 

0 

1884  

0 

0 

o 

o 

Q 

0 

1885  

0 

0 

o 

o 

o 

o 

1886  

0 

0 

o 

o 

Q 

1887  

0 

o 

0 

1888  

4 

o 

o 

o 

Q 

1889  

0 

o 

Q 

1890  

0 

o 

o 

o 

Q 

1891  

o 

Q 

o 

o 

1892  

0 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

1893  

o 

Q 

1 

Q 

o 

1894  

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

Q 

1895  

o 

o 

o 

o 

1896  

o 

o 

o 

Q 

o 

o 

1897  

o 

o 

Q 

0 

Q 

1898  

1 

o 

o 

o 

o 

Q 

1899  

o 

o 

o 

o 

1900  

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

Q 

MEAN  RELATIVE  HUMIDITY  (PER  CENT). 


1877  

64 

63 

64 

1878  

62 

70 

74 

7^ 

72 

1879  

64 

74 

71 

65 

62 

65 

70 

1880  

64 

67 

76 

73 

73 

1881 

65 

63 

65 

1882  

70 

63 

65 

72 

66 

1883.. 

53 

61 

80 

1884  

62 

71 

76 

79 

76 

1885. 

65 

66 

1886  

78 

76 

81 

80 

74 

1887..  . 

66 

82 

78 

1888  

80 

83 

78 

75 

1889... 

60 

54 

77 

1890  

70 

66 

64 

76 

73 

1891  

48 

70 

70 

1892  

60 

80 

79 

71 

75 

72 

1893... 

69 

73 

79 

71 

1894  

70 

68 

70 

74 

80 

74 

1895  

76 

,  gg 

77 

1896  

71 

53 

70 

67 

67 

1897  

68 

74 

74 

73 

1898  

65 

71 

62 

68 

77 

75 

74 

1899  

65 

68 

72 

7tf 

76 

** 

79 

1900. 

75 

63 

72 

66 

69 

73 

__ 

71 

CLIMATE    OF    SOUTHERN    COAST. 


73 


HIGHEST  AXD  LOWEST  MEAN  RELATIVE  HUMIDITY  (PER  CENT). 


Jl 

n. 

F< 

;b. 

M 

ir. 

A] 

>r. 

M 

*y- 

Ju 

oe. 

Ju 

iy. 

A! 

>K- 

Se 

pt. 

O. 

rt. 

H, 

,v. 

Ii 

"C. 

Year.            « 

§ 

1 
1 

Highest. 

I/OWCHt. 

HlghcRt. 

1 
1 

5 

1 

2 

Highest. 

1 

Highest. 

1 
I 

~. 

Si 

S 

a 

I/OWCHt. 

Hlghent. 

1 

Highest. 

•jnaMo'1 

| 

a 

1 
1 

Highest. 

1 
1 

1 
u 

S 

1 

1 

1 
1877  .... 

78 

4? 

78 

51 

77 

11 

78 

46 

78 

17 

85 

14 

1878  90 

79 

9^ 

40 

84 

48 

80 

49 

79 

53 

77 

61 

75 

61 

75 

57 

76 

14 

79 

24 

86 

27 

89 

16 

1879  84 

74 

88 

50 

81 

74 

85 

75 

15 

75 

76 

67 

76 

47 

79 

23 

81 

16 

86 

89 

21 

1880  85 

18 

87 

45 

59 

89 

57 

84 

35 

87 

19 

80 

64 

81 

56 

83 

20 

85 

18 

80 

n 

87 

34 

1881  87 

18 

85 

77 

85 

41 

92 

49 

84 

57 

75 

56 

94 

51 

77 

48 

76 

49 

86 

59 

?t 

78 

40 

1882...                         86 

57 

85 

46 

91 

16 

91 

56 

81 

43 

59 

81 

55 

78 

89 

52 

88 

26 

84 

28 

89 

27 

1883  79 

78 

95 

30 

95 

4:. 

-, 

°6 

28 

81 

77 

65 

57 

28 

M 

48 

81 

95 

34 

1884                         95 

75 

94 

96 

51 

95 

61 

87 

67 

90 

56 

80 

63 

80 

42 

86 

50 

89 

28 

85 

37 

95 

47 

1885  89 

10 

87 

-- 

75 

86 

16 

8° 

67 

78 

fi? 

78 

55 

ff 

48 

90 

27 

87 

54 

93 

42 

91 

42 

1886  95 

19 

9" 

46 

90 

67 

97 

66 

84 

66 

84 

66 

84 

56 

87 

87 

71 

90 

66 

86 

B 

91 
•" 

56 

1887  86 

41 

58 

94 

41 

92 

48 

84 

48 

84 

61 

89 

- 

88 

65 

89 

73 

43 

90 

5° 

96 

46 

1888  .  j  98 

48 

91 

61 

94 

47 

-- 

11 

88 

68 

84 

57 

The  following  table  shows  the  actual  and  possible  number  of  hours  of  sunshine  and  percent- 
ages of  each  month  at  Los  Angeles,  Cal.,  from  October,  1896,  to  December,  1900,  inclusive. 
The  record  is  derived  from  the  Weather  Bureau  photographic  sunshine  recorder,  which  forms  a 
portion  of  the  standard  equipment  of  instruments  at  the  Los  Angeles  Station. 


TOTAL  NUMBER  OF  HOURS  OF  ACTUAL  SUXSHIXE. 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Monthly 
average. 

18%  

271 

226 

222 

1897 

209 

198 

261 

314 

216 

327 

332 

344 

291 

246 

274 

262 

273 

1898  

205 

216 

290 

292 

278 

294 

365 

354 

303 

294 

287 

226 

281 

1899  

238 

260 

240 

289 

287 

289 

370 

324 

289 

258 

214 

214 

273 

1900 

204 

255 

229 

242 

308 

282 

331 

286 

297 

254 

239 

275 

267 

TOTAL  NUMBER  OP  HOURS  OF  POSSIBLE  SUXSHIXE. 


All  vears               316 

307  j   372  |   392 

433 

432 

440 

416 

372 

351 

312  ]   308      371 

PERCEXTAGE  OF  SUXSHIXE. 


1896 

i 

77 

72 

72 

1897 

66     65 

70 

80 

50 

76 

75 

83 

78 

70 

-- 

85 

74 

1898 

65     70 

78 

74 

64 

68 

83 

85 

81 

84 

92 

73 

77 

1899 

75     85 

65 

74 

66 

67 

84 

-- 

78 

73 

70 

74 

1900 

64  !    83 

61 

62 

71 

65 

75 

69 

80 

72 

89 

72 

74 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 

NUMBER  OF  CLEAR,  PARTLY  CLOUDY,  AND  CLOUDY  DAYS. 


January. 


Year. 


1878. 
1879. 
1880. 
1881. 
1882. 
1883. 
1884. 
1885. 
1886. 
1887. 
1888. 
1889. 
1890. 
1891. 
1892. 
1893. 
1894. 
1895. 
1896. 
1897. 
1898. 
1899. 
1900. 


Averages  . 


13 
16 
20 
17 
18 
21 
17 
o)7 
13 
21 
14 
19 
10 
18 
14 
17 
21 
13 
9 
18 
12 
16 
10 


16 


10 

10 

10 

9 

6 

6 

8 

a  10 

6 

10 

8 

6 

13 

11 

9 

7 

6 

14 

14 

13 

10 

8 

14 


February. 


13 


March. 


April. 


12 


18 
12 
10 
18 

9 
18 
18 
12 
10 
10 

8 
18 
20 
13  ! 
11 

9 

14 
10 
16 
12 
12 
22 


May. 


11 

22 

15 

9 

12 

12 

7 

4 

14 

a  14 

5 

9 

5 

4 

10 

10 

5 

9 

14 

2 

8 

8 

12 


10 


10 
9 
11 
15 
11 
15 
16 
21 
14 
all 
18 
19 
18 
20 
6 
14 
20 
19 
16 
22 
18 
19 
16 


IB 


June. 


a5 
8 
8 
8 
7 

15 
7 
6 
8' 
1 
7 
8 
4 
8 


7 

12 

11 

15 

8 

15 

a  10 

17 

17 

1 

9 

15 

12 

16 

10 

9 

9 

10 

6 

7 


15 
24 

22 
16 
14 
12 
9 
14 
o!6 
10 
12 
28 
21 
14 
17 
14 
20 
21 
21 
20 
22 
20 
18 


17 


12 
3 
1 
2 
5 
3 

13 
1 

a3 
3 
1 
1 
0 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
2 
3 


Year. 


July. 


August. 


September. 


October. 


November. 


December. 


Annual. 


1877. 
1878. 
1879. 
1880. 
1881. 
1882. 
1883. 
1884. 
1885. 
1886. 
1887. 
1888. 
1889. 
1890. 
1891. 
1892. 
1893. 
1894. 
1895. 
18%. 
1897. 
1898. 
1899. 
1900. 


Averages 


22 
10 
17 
12 
12 
a  16 
20 
23 
16 
21 
11 
23 
14 
10 
9 
12 
10 


is 


II 


16 


16 


18 


16 


12 


is 


18 
22 
13 
10 
15 
22 
22 
ol3 
21 
18 
21 
18 

8 
13 
19 
18 
16 

9 

22 
15 
20 
14 
13 
21 


7 

4 
10 
10 
14 

8 

7 
"11 

5 
12 

7 

6 
11 
12 

9 

8 
10 

8 

7 
12 

9 
13 
13  i 

91 


12 


111 
178 
141 
172 

a!97 
183 
189 


a!90 
a!96 
184 
140 
168 
154 
162 
161 
148 
142 
143 
146 
160 
US 
LS8 


151 
146 
171 

154 

al09 

43 

110 
al45 
a!31 
n!29 

118 

181 
j  155 

172 

in; 
160 
177 

172 
187 

185 

in 

167 
170 


17 


5  166  151 


65 
46 
54 
39 
«  51 
39 
66 
a  38 
a  43 
"39 
64 
44 
47 
39 
58 
44 
45 
51 
37 
35 
33 
36 
43 

48 


a  Record  incomplete. 


CLIMATE    OF    SOUTHERN    COAST. 
NUMBER  OP  DAYS  WITH  FROST. 


75 


Year.           Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

1877  

0 

0 

0 

0 

o 

2 

1878                 ....„."*    4 

0 

n 

0 

0 

o 

0 

o 

o 

o 

2 

8 

1879                         4 

n 

o 

o 

0 

0 

o 

o 

o 

o 

2 

5 

1880  .                 .  .      6 

7 

3 

1 

o 

0 

o 

o 

o 

o 

1 

1 

1881                         5 

0 

0 

o 

o 

0 

o 

o 

o 

1 

1 

o 

1882  1 

3 

0 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

1 

3 

1883  7 

11 

0 

1 

0 

o 

o 

o 

o 

0 

1 

1881                         11 

3 

4 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

8 

1885  '     4 

0 

0 

0 

0 

o 

o 

o 

o 

2 

9 

1886                         7 

0 

4 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

7 

11 

2 

1887  7 

6 

0 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

4 

12 

1888  .                       8 

0 

1 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

3 

4 

1889  13 

3 

0 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

3 

6 

1890                     ;     9 

3 

0 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

1 

1 

3 

1891  10 

2 

0 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

9 

1892                         3 

0 

2 

2 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

1 

10 

1893  ....                      4 

0 

3 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

3 

1894                         14 

9 

g 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

g 

7 

1895                         10 

2 

6 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

4 

12 

18%  ......     3 

7 

4 

8 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

1 

8 

5 

1897                         9 

6 

8 

0 

o 

o 

o 

0 

o 

o 

g 

19 

1898  13 

3 

13 

1 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

1 

19 

1899                         7 

10 

0 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

3 

13 

1900  10 

9 

2 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

0 

g 

NUMBER  OF  DAYS  WITH  THUXDER  STORMS. 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1877  

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

0 

1878 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

0 

1879  

0 

0 

0 

o 

0 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

0 

1880  

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

1881. 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

o 

o 

•  0 

o 

o 

0 

1882  

o 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

1883 

0 

0 

o 

0 

o 

0 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

Q 

0 

1884  

0 

1 

1 

1 

0 

1 

0 

o 

o 

1 

o 

o 

5 

1885 

o 

0 

o 

1 

o 

0 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

1 

1886...  . 

1 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

1 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

g 

1887 

o 

1 

o 

0 

1 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

2 

1888 

o 

o 

1 

0 

0 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

2 

1889  

0 

0 

3 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

o 

o 

o 

4 

1890 

o 

o 

0 

0 

0 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

0 

1891  

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

o 

o 

o 

o 

0 

1892 

o 

o 

0 

o 

0 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

1893  

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

o 

o 

o 

o 

1 

2 

1894  

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

o 

1 

0 

0 

o 

o 

1 

1895 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

o 

o 

o 

o 

1 

1896 

o 

o 

0 

1 

1 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

2 

1897 

o 

0 

1 

0 

0 

o 

o 

o 

o 

o 

4 

1898  

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

o 

o 

o 

o 

0 

1899 

o 

o 

o 

0 

o 

o 

o 

1 

o 

o 

o 

2 

1900 

o 

o 

1 

o 

o 

o 

o 

" 

o 

1 

o 

3 

76 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 

NUMBER  OF  DAYS  WITH  0.01  INCH  OB  MORE  RAINFALL. 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1877 

0 

0 

0 

2 

1 

0 

3 

1878 

7 

10 

9 

7 

10 

4 

0 

0 

0 

3 

0 

4 

54 

1879                .          

9 

7 

6 

6 

2 

2 

0 

0 

0 

3 

3 

10 

48 

1880 

5 

8 

6 

13 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

2 

3 

13 

51 

1881                 .               

3 

4 

5 

4 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

3 

2 

2 

24 

1882 

6 

5 

10 

6 

3 

0 

0 

0 

0 

4 

;: 

2 

39 

1883                      

3 

4 

7 

3 

0 

2 

0 

0 

0 

2 

n 

6 

33 

1884 

5 

14 

18 

9 

4 

6 

0 

0 

0 

2 

3 

10 

71 

1885        

2 

0 

1 

8 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

9 

4 

26 

1886 

10 

2 

8 

4 

0 

1 

1 

1 

o 

1 

1 

3 

32 

1887...                 

2 

13 

2 

5 

3 

1 

2 

0 

1 

1 

3 

37 

1888 

9 

11 

3 

1 

0 

1 

1 

0 

3 

8 

6 

48 

1889  

4 

5 

7 

4 

3 

0 

0 

1 

1 

7 

4 

20 

56 

1890 

9 

4 

5 

2 

2 

1 

0 

1 

3 

2 

2 

7 

38 

1891 

1 

12 

4 

3 

2 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

4 

27 

1892 

6 

11 

6 

1 

5 

2 

0 

1 

0 

4 

6 

6 

•   48 

1893 

7 

5 

12 

1 

1 

1 

0 

0 

0 

4 

3 

6 

40 

1894 

5 

3 

3 

2 

3 

0 

0 

1 

2 

1 

0 

10 

30 

1895 

10 

5 

6 

5 

4 

1 

0 

0 

0 

2 

5 

4 

42 

1896 

9 

0 

6 

4 

2 

0 

1 

1 

0 

3 

5 

36 

1897 

9 

9 

1 

3 

0 

0 

0 

0 

3 

1 

2 

35 

1898  .               .             

6 

4 

4 

1 

2 

0 

1 

0 

2 

2 

0 

3 

25 

1899 

4 

3 

5 

2 

1 

2 

0 

1 

0 

4 

5 

4 

31 

1900               ..            

2 

0 

2 

5 

4 

0 

0 

0 

0 

3 

7 

0 

23 

Average  

6 

6 

4 

3 

1 

0 

0 

0 

3 

3 

6 

39 

MONTHLY  PRECIPITATION  (INCHES  AND  HUNDREDTHS). 


1877  

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.86 

0.45 

3.93 

5  24 

1878 

3.33 

7.68 

2.57 

1.71 

0.66 

0  07 

0.00 

T 

0  00 

0  14 

T 

4  70 

90  #g 

1879 

3  59 

0  97 

0  49 

1  19 

0  24 

0  03 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  93 

3  44 

6  53 

1880 

1.33 

1.56 

1.45 

5.06 

0.04 

0  00 

T 

T 

0  00 

0  14 

0  67 

8  40 

18  65 

1881 

1  43 

0  36 

1  66 

0  46 

0  01 

0  00 

0  00 

T 

T 

0  82 

0  27 

0  52 

5  53 

1882 

1.01 

2.66 

2.66 

1.83 

0  63 

T 

0  00 

0  00 

T 

0  05 

1  82 

0  08 

10  74 

1883  

1.62 

3.47 

2.87 

0.15 

2.02 

0.03 

T 

0  00 

0  00 

1,42 

0  00 

2  56 

14  14 

1884                  ..  . 

3.15 

13.37 

12.36 

3.54 

0  34 

1  39 

T 

T 

T 

0  30 

1  06 

4  64 

1885  

1.05 

T. 

0.01 

2.00 

0.06 

T 

T. 

T 

T 

0  26 

5  52 

1  63 

10  53 

1886 

7.72 

1  38 

2.50 

3.29 

0  00 

0  01 

0  °4 

0  21 

0  00 

0  01 

1  18 

0  18 

1887 

0  20 

9  25 

0  24 

2  30 

0  20 

C  04 

0  07 

0  00 

0  15 

0  12 

2  67 

1888                

6.03 

0.77 

3.15 

0  11 

0  02 

T 

0  03 

0  08 

T 

0  36 

4  01 

6  26 

1889 

0  25 

0  92 

6  48 

0  27 

0  62 

0  00 

0  00 

0  61 

0  00 

6  95 

1890  .            

7.83 

1.36 

0  66 

0  22 

0  03 

0  02 

0  00 

0  03 

0  06 

0  03 

0  13 

2  32 

1891 

0  25 

8  56 

0  41 

0  26 

0  31 

0  00 

T 

0  00 

0  06 

0  00 

18P2                 .  . 

0.88 

3.19 

3.39 

0  22 

2  06 

0  06 

0  00 

0  01 

0  00 

0  33 

4  40 

4  18 

1893  

6.29 

2.27 

8.52 

0.19 

0.06 

0  03 

0  00 

0  00 

T 

0  75 

0  °0 

3  65 

1894  

0.94 

0.49 

0.37 

0.13 

0  20 

T 

T 

0  01 

0  73 

0  O9 

0  00 

1895 

5  84 

0  46 

3  77 

0  46 

0  19 

0  01 

T 

T 

T 

0  24 

1896  

3.23 

T. 

2.97 

0.19 

0  30 

T 

0  02 

0  01 

T 

1  30 

1  66 

11  80 

1897 

3  70 

5  62 

2  31 

0  02 

0  10 

T 

T 

0  00 

0  00 

2  47 

1898  

1.26 

0.51 

0.98 

0.03 

1  75 

T 

0  07 

T 

0  02 

0  09 

T 

0  12 

1899 

2  64 

0  04 

1  81 

0  18 

0  04 

0  58 

0  00 

0  01 

T 

1  59 

1900  

1.17 

T. 

0.99 

0.64 

1.81 

T 

T 

T 

T 

0  26 

6  53 

T 

Average  

2.80 

2.82 

2.72 

1.10 

0.51 

0  10 

0  02 

0  04 

0  04 

0  81 

1  47 

3  28 

CLIMATE   OF   8OUTHEKN   COAST. 
TOTAL  PRECIPITATION  AT  Los  ANGELES,  CAL.,  BY  SEASONS. 


77 


Season. 

Amount. 

Season. 

Amount. 

September  1, 

1877.  to  September  1, 

1878  

Inches. 
20  26 

September  1 

1889  to  September  1 

1890 

Inches. 

September  1, 

1878,  to  September  1, 

1879  

11.  S5 

September  1 

1890  to  September  1 

1891 

13  33 

September  1, 

1879,  to  September  1. 

1880  

20  34 

September  1 

1891  to  September  1 

1892 

September  1, 

1880,  to  September  1, 

1881  

13.13 

1892  to  September  1 

1893 

26  27 

September  1, 

1881,  to  September  1, 

1882  

10.40 

September  1, 

1893,  to  September  1 

1894 

6  74 

September  1, 

1882,  to  September  1. 

1883  

12.11 

1894,  to  September  1 

1895 

16  10 

September  1, 

1883,  to  September  1. 

1884  

38.13 

September  1 

1895  to  September  1 

1896 

8  54 

September  1, 

1884,  to  September  1, 

1885  

9.12 

September  1 

1896  to  September  1 

1897  ' 

16  83 

September  1, 

1885,  to  September  1, 

1886  

22.76 

September  1 

1897  to  September  1 

1898 

7  13 

September  1, 

1886,  to  September  1, 

1887  

13  67 

September  1 

1898  to  September  1 

1899 

5  53 

September  1, 

1887,  to  September  1, 

1888  

13.91 

September  1 

1899  to  September  1 

1900 

7  90 

September  1, 

1888,  to  September  1, 

1889  

19  78  1 

GREATEST  PRECIPITATION  (INCHES  AND  HUNDREDTHS)  IN  24  HOCRS. 


Year.           Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

AU*. 

Sept 

Oct 

Nov. 

Dec. 

1877  

0.00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  84 

0  45 

2  21 

1878     1.16 

1.33 

0.90 

0.47 

0.26 

0  04 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  13 

0  00 

3  58 

1879                       1.41 

0.63 

0  36 

0  63 

0  20 

0  03 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  93 

3,41 

1880          0.68 

0.57 

0.75 

1.43 

0.04 

0  00 

T 

T 

0.00 

0  12 

0  56 

2  26 

1881                       1.27 

0.19 

0  76 

0  37 

0  01 

0  00 

0  00 

T 

T 

0  39 

1882                  0.  53 

1.02 

1.24 

1.18 

0  61 

T 

0  00 

0  00 

T 

0  02 

1  77 

0  05 

1883         1.55 

2.04 

1.67 

0.08 

1.53 

0  02 

T 

0  00 

0  00 

1  37 

0  00 

1  56 

1884  1.36 

3.63 

3.18 

2.20 

0.22 

0.87 

0  01 

0  01 

T 

0  17 

1  01 

3.04 

1885                       0.89 

0.01 

0.01 

0.83 

0.06 

T 

T 

T 

0  01 

0  26 

1  80 

1  02 

1886        3.77 

1.32 

0.89 

1.97 

0.01 

0  02 

0  24 

0  21 

0  02 

0  01 

1  18 

0  13 

1887                       0.20 

3  94 

0  23 

1.05 

0  17 

0  04 

0  05 

T 

0  15 

0  12 

0  70 

1888            3.39 

0.30 

1.51 

0.08 

0  02 

0  01 

0  03 

0  06 

0  01 

0  30 

2  O9 

2.72 

1889  0.18 

0.81 

2.53 

0.15 

0.35 

0  01 

T 

0  61 

0  00 

3  6° 

0  73 

4  30 

1890                       4.17 

0.70 

0  30 

0.21 

0  02 

0  02 

0  00 

0  03 

0  04 

0  03 

0  13 

1  20 

1891          0.25 

2.75 

0.22 

0.85 

0  30 

0  00 

T 

0  00 

0  06 

0  00 

0  00 

1  04 

1892                       0  49 

1  48 

1  96 

0.22 

176 

0  05 

0  00 

0  01 

0  00 

0  30 

3  75 

•>  35 

1893                       3.29 

1.33 

2.51 

0.19 

0  06 

0  03 

0  00 

0  00 

T 

0  39 

0  14 

1  82 

1894..         0.38 

0.24 

0.35 

0.07 

0  09 

T 

T 

0  01 

0  71 

0  02 

0  00 

1  33 

1895                       1.  81 

0  26 

2  25 

0.29 

0  13 

0  01 

T 

T 

T 

0  20 

0  40 

0  45 

1896                       1.73 

T 

1  33 

0.07 

0  29 

T 

0  02 

0  01 

T 

1  °9 

1  14 

1  22 

1897...                       1.57 

2.13 

0.81 

0.02 

0.06 

T 

T 

0  00 

0  00 

I  75 

0  01 

0  03 

1898                       0  41 

0  28 

0  50 

0  03 

1  46 

T 

0  07 

T 

0  01 

0  08 

T 

0  11 

1899           !   1.70 

0.02 

0  84 

0  10 

0.04 

0  57 

0  00 

0  01 

T 

1  09 

0  53 

0  84 

1900                     '   1  16 

T 

0  90 

0  38 

1  32 

T 

T 

T 

0  25 

3  79 

T 

1 

78 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 
PREVAILING  WIND  DIRECTION. 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

N. 

N. 

W. 

1878          

N. 

NE. 

N. 

SW. 

SW. 

SW. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

N. 

NE. 

W. 

1879               

NE. 

NE. 

SW. 

SW. 

SW. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

NE. 

NE. 

NE. 

NE. 

1880        

N.  . 

NE. 

NE. 

SW. 

SW. 

SW. 

SW. 

SW. 

SW. 

SW. 

NE. 

NE. 

SW. 

1881              

NE. 

NE. 

NE. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

SW. 

W. 

W. 

1882     

NE. 

NE. 

\V. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

NE. 

NE. 

W. 

1883        

NE. 

NE. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

NE. 

NE. 

W. 

1884                

NE. 

NE. 

NE. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

NE. 

W. 

1885     '-  .  - 

NE. 

NE, 

W. 

W. 

\v. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

NE. 

W. 

1886  

E. 

NE. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

NE. 

NE. 

W. 

1887 

NE. 

SE. 

W. 

w. 

\v. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

NE. 

W. 

1888         

E. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

NE. 

W. 

W. 

1889                

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

\v. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

N. 

NE. 

W. 

1890     

NE. 

N. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

N. 

W. 

1891           

\V. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

N. 

W. 

1892 

NE. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

w: 

1893           

x\v. 

NE. 

NE. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

NE. 

W. 

1894                

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

\v. 

W. 

E. 

w. 

1895   

E. 

NE. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

NE. 

NW. 

w. 

1896 

W. 

NE. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

NE. 

w. 

1897 

NE. 

W. 

SW. 

W. 

W. 

SW. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

w. 

1898         

NE. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

SW. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

\v. 

1899 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

SW. 

SW. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

N. 

\v. 

1900  

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

SW. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

NE. 

w. 

NE. 

NE. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

NE. 

w. 

HIGHEST  VELOCITY  OP  WIND  (MILES  PER  HOUR)  AND  DIRECTION. 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

1877 

13  SW. 

16  W. 

12  W. 

24  N. 

24  N. 

24  NE. 

1878  

26  NW. 

25  W. 

20  NE. 

25  SW. 

16  SW. 

15  SW. 

15  W. 

15  W. 

16  W. 

14  W. 

21  NW. 

23  E. 

1879 

29  E. 

17  W. 

22  W. 

23  W. 

21  W. 

17  W. 

14  W. 

14  W. 

15  W. 

23  W. 

24  NW. 

27  SE. 

1880 

21  NE 

26  NW 

17  N 

23  SW. 

19  SW. 

14  SW. 

228. 

19  SW. 

14  W. 

16  SW. 

17  NE. 

22  NW. 

1881        

17  SW. 

33  NW. 

46  SW. 

24  S. 

19  SW. 

20  W. 

19  SW. 

21  W. 

24  W. 

24  NW. 

43  NE. 

26  S. 

1882 

48  NE. 

30  NW. 

30  E. 

SON. 

26  W. 

18  W. 

18  W. 

17  W. 

28  W. 

28  NW. 

20  E. 

28  N. 

1883   

34  E. 

28  NW. 

22  W. 

42  W. 

24  E. 

21  W. 

16  W. 

17  W. 

20  W. 

26  W. 

16  W. 

28  NW. 

1884 

24  SW. 

40  W. 

30  NW. 

24  W. 

18  W. 

20  W. 

18  W 

20  W. 

18  W. 

24  NW. 

14  NW. 

34  NE. 

1885  

20  NW. 

26  NW. 

20  W. 

28  W. 

23  W. 

21  NW. 

20  W. 

22  W. 

18  W. 

17  W. 

26  E. 

36  N. 

1886 

37  W. 

29  W. 

25  W. 

28  SE. 

20  W. 

17  W. 

22  N. 

18  W. 

16  W. 

24  W. 

SOW. 

20  NW. 

1887  

24  NW. 

32  NW. 

18  W. 

37  W. 

30  NW. 

20  W. 

20  W. 

18  W. 

23  W. 

34  NE. 

18  W. 

37  E. 

1888 

33  N. 

23  NE. 

30  E. 

28  W. 

24  W. 

19  W. 

21  W. 

18  W. 

23  W. 

18  SW. 

18  NE. 

26  E. 

1889 

17  N. 

24  W. 

24E 

24  NW. 

23  W. 

14  SW 

14  W. 

13  W. 

15  W. 

20  E. 

22  N. 

20  E. 

1890        ..  . 

17  E. 

18  W. 

24  NW. 

19  NW. 

15  W. 

18  W. 

13  W. 

14  W. 

15  S. 

15  W. 

14  W. 

18  W. 

1891 

19  NW. 

24  E. 

24  W. 

16  E. 

18  W 

16  W. 

15  W. 

13  W. 

20  NW. 

16  W. 

12  W. 

28  N. 

1892  

17  E. 

17  E. 

21  W. 

23  W. 

20  W. 

24  W. 

13  W. 

13  SW. 

14  W. 

16  SW. 

21  N. 

24  NE. 

1893 

23  E. 

28  N. 

24  E. 

28  N. 

14  W. 

14  W. 

14  W. 

16  W. 

13  W. 

17  E. 

18  E. 

25  E. 

1894  

14  W. 

25  NW. 

SON. 

24  NW. 

18  W. 

18  W. 

15  W. 

17  SE. 

18  W. 

13  W. 

12  W. 

23  W. 

1895.. 

18  SW. 

19  NW. 

20  NW. 

26  NW. 

26  W. 

15  W. 

14  W. 

12  W. 

14  NW. 

14  W. 

12  E. 

18  E. 

1896 

20  NW 

22  NW 

21  NW 

24  W 

15  W. 

13  SW. 

15  W. 

15  W. 

15  W. 

24  \V. 

20  NW. 

16  E. 

1897  .  ... 

34  E. 

24  SW. 

22  NW. 

24  W. 

20  N. 

20  SW. 

15  W. 

15  W. 

158. 

20  NW. 

16  W. 

24  NW. 

1898 

24  E 

17  W 

24  NW 

20  W. 

15  W. 

15  W. 

15  W. 

13  SW. 

17  W. 

20  W. 

24  NE. 

22  NW. 

1899  

30  E. 

20  SW. 

24  SW. 

20  SW. 

23  NW. 

15  SW. 

16  W. 

13  W. 

12  W. 

20  SW. 

16  NW. 

16  NW. 

1900. 

23  NW 

18  N. 

14  W. 

22  W. 

22  W. 

14  SW. 

17  W. 

15  W. 

18  S. 

21  W. 

20  SE. 

14  NW. 

CLIMATE    OF   SOUTHERN    COAST. 
AVERAGE  DAILY  WIND  MOVEMENT  (MILES  PER  HOUR). 


79 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Xov. 

Dec. 

1877 

104 

94 

108 

Ill 

112 

120 

1878         

126 

141 

119 

114 

112 

105 

106 

98 

101 

92 

110 

126 

1879 

133 

193 

104 

127 

135 

119 

106 

99 

92 

114 

1U2 

109 

1880 

104 

128 

117 

136 

113 

106 

109 

102 

90 

78 

64 

78 

1881 

105 

159 

136 

126 

140 

141 

137 

128 

131 

124 

175 

132 

1882          .  .. 

152 

139 

143 

93 

125 

138 

134 

131 

130 

138 

131 

141 

1883 

178 

161 

124 

171 

157 

130 

131 

127 

126 

147 

133 

142 

1884 

167 

189 

183 

150 

130 

128 

102 

119 

119 

120 

110 

140 

1886 

136 

135 

115 

144 

103 

125 

102 

100 

85 

81 

157 

159 

1886 

169 

143 

147 

151 

138 

126 

130 

121 

112 

132 

149 

118 

1887 

142 

189 

123 

136 

152 

148 

128 

130 

125 

136 

122 

154 

1888 

142 

121 

149 

138 

138 

136 

133 

124 

117 

110 

71 

87 

1889  

76 

86 

96 

88 

100 

88 

83 

82 

87 

93 

87 

96 

1890 

95 

85 

100 

83 

86 

91 

81 

84 

77 

75 

90 

-» 

1891  

97 

117 

98 

91 

94 

91 

84 

83 

84 

67 

66 

113 

1892 

•  77 

78 

92 

98 

95 

93 

82 

79 

73 

74 

75 

89 

1898  

77 

95 

102 

101 

H 

-- 

90 

87 

90 

84 

79 

86 

1894 

81 

100 

101 

101 

99 

105 

85 

88 

83 

68 

49 

86 

1895 

92 

81 

86 

91 

95 

89 

77 

68 

79 

74 

73 

82 

1896 

84 

-- 

90 

111 

98 

83 

88 

85 

97 

-- 

94 

87 

1897 

110 

125 

128 

110 

101 

112 

106 

103 

101 

94 

-- 

94 

1898 

117 

92 

121 

113 

111 

104 

107 

100 

91 

80 

91 

97 

1899 

85 

107 

121 

113 

110 

107 

102 

100 

84 

106 

86 

81 

1900  

76 

92 

90 

120 

116 

113 

120 

113 

111 

98 

99 

88 

Average  

114 

124 

116 

118 

115 

111 

106 

102 

100 

99 

100 

108 

AVERAGE  HOURLY  WIND  VELOCITY  (MILES  PER  HOUR). 


1885 

5.7 

5.6 

4.8 

6.0 

4.3 

5.2 

4.2 

4.1 

3.6 

3.4 

6.5 

6.6 

1886 

7.0 

6.0 

6.1 

6.3 

5.8 

5.3 

5.4 

5.1 

4.7 

5.5 

6.2 

4.9 

1887 

5.9 

7.9 

5.1 

5.6 

6.3 

6.2 

5.3 

5.4 

5.2 

5.7 

5.1 

6.4 

1888        

5.9 

5.0 

6.2 

5.8 

5.7 

5.7 

5.6 

5.2 

4.9 

4.6 

2.9 

3.6 

1889 

3.2 

3.6 

4.0 

3.6 

4.1 

3.7 

3.4 

3.4 

3.6 

3.9 

3.6 

4.0 

1890                  .  .  . 

4.0 

3.5 

4.2 

3.4 

3.6 

3.8 

3.4 

3.5 

3.2 

3.1 

3.7 

3.7 

1891 

4  1 

4.9 

4.1 

3.8 

3.9 

3.8 

3.5 

3.5 

3.5 

2.8 

2.8 

4.7 

1892 

3.2 

3.2 

3.8 

4.1 

3.9 

3.9 

3.4 

3.3 

3.0 

3.1 

3.1 

3.7 

1893  

3.2 

4.0 

4.2 

4.2 

4.1 

3.7 

3.7 

3.6 

3.7 

3.5 

3.3 

3.6 

1894 

3.4 

4.2 

4.2 

4.2 

4.1 

4.4 

3.5 

3.6 

3.5 

•>  8 

2.1 

3.6 

1895      

3.9 

3.4 

3.6 

3.8 

4.0 

3.7 

3.2 

2.8 

3.3 

3.1 

3.1 

3.4 

1896 

3  5 

3.6 

3.8 

4.6 

4.1 

3.4 

3.6 

3.6 

4.0 

3.7 

3.9 

3.6 

1897 

4.6 

5.2 

5.3 

4.6 

4.2 

4.7 

4.4 

4.3 

4.2 

3.9 

3.7 

3.9 

1898  

4.9 

3.9 

5.1 

4.7 

4.6 

4.3 

4.5 

4.2 

3.8 

3.3 

3.8 

4.0 

1899 

3.6 

4.5 

5.1 

4.7 

4.6 

4.5 

4.3 

4.2 

3.5 

4.4 

3.6 

3.4 

1900  

3.2 

3.8 

3.8 

5.0 

4.8 

4.7 

5.0 

4.7 

4.6 

4.1 

4.1 

3.7 

Average  

4.3 

4.5 

4.6 

4.6 

4.5 

4.4 

4.1 

4.0 

3.9 

3.8 

3.8 

4.2 

80 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFOKNIA. 

MONTHLY,  SEASONAL,  AND  ANNUAL  SUMMARIES. 


Temperature. 


Mean. 


Precipitation. 


II 
** 

11 


January . . . 
February . . 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September. 

October 

November . 
December  . 

Annual 

Winter  .... 

Spring 

Summer . . . 
Fall  . . 


1900 
1886 
1885 
1885 
1885 
1883 
1891 
1885 
1888 
1890 
1900 
1890 


1890 
1880 
1880 
1896 
1899 
1894 
1880 
1900 
1880 
1886 
1880 
1891 


87 

88 

99 

99 

103 

105 

109 

106 

108 

102 

96 

89 


1896 
1896 
1879 
1898 
1896 
1890 
1891 
1885 
1885 
1885 
1890 
1897 


1883 
1883 
1893 
1896 
1883 
1894 
1888 
1883 
1880 
1892 
1886 
1897 


2.80 
2.82 
2.72 
1.10 
0.51 
0.10 
0.02 
0.04 
0.04 
0.81 
1.47 
3.28 
15.71 


7.83 

13.37 

12.36 

5.06 

2.06 

1.39 

0.24 

0.61 

0.73 

6.95 

6.53 

15.80 


1890 
1884 
1884 
1880 
1892 
1884 
1886 
1889 
1894 
1889 
1900 
1889 


0.20 
T. 
0.01 
0.02 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.05 


1887 
1896 
1885 
1897 
1886 


1897 


4.17 
3.94 
3.18 
2.20 
1.76 
0.87 
0.24 
0.61 
0.71 
3.62 
3.79 
4.34 


1890 
1887 
1884 
1884 
1892 
1884 
.1886 
1889 
1894 
1889 
1900 
1879 


January  ... 
February  .. 

March '. 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

September  . 

October 

November  . 
December. . 

Year 

Winter 

Spring 

Summer 

Fall . . 


Mean  number  of  days — 


Winds. 


Clear. 


Partly 
cloudy. 


16 
13 
12 
12 
10 
10 
12 
14 
16 
16 
18 
17 
166 
46 
34 
36 
50 


Cloudy. 


9 
9 
12 
12 
15 
17 
18 
16 
13 
12 
9 
9 

151 
27 
39 
51 
34 


0.01        Pre- 
inch  or  vailing 


more 
rain. 


direc- 
tion. 


N.E. 
N.E. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

W. 

VV. 

W. 

W. 
N.E. 

W. 
N.E. 

W. 

W. 

W. 


High- 
est ve- 
locity. 


Direc- 
tion. 


N.E. 

W. 
S.  W. 

W. 
N.W. 

W. 

N. 

\V. 

W. 

W. 
N.E. 

E. 


Daily 
move- 
Year.  »ment, 
miles 
p.  h. 


1882 
1884 
1881 
1883 
1887 
1892 
1886 
1895 
1882 
1887 
1881 
1887 


114 
124 
116 
118 
115 
111 
106 
102 
100 
99 
100 
108 


Aver- 
Hourly  age  rel- 
move-    ative 
ment.    humid- 
ity. 


4.3 

4.6 
4.6 
4.6 
4.5 
4.4 
4.1 
4.0 
3.9 
3.8 
3.8 
4.2 


71 
67 
73 
74 
69 


CLIMATE   OF   SODTHEBN    COAST.  81 

SAN  DIEGO,  CAL. 
By  Mr.  FORD  A.  CARPENTER,  Observer,  Weather  Bureau. 

Four  elements  enter  into  a  consideration  of  the  climate  of  San  Diego.  Named  according  to 
their  importance,  they  are  as  follows:  (1)  Distance  from  the  northern  storm  tracks,  and  the 
southern  storms  of  the  lower  California  coast;  (2)  proximity  to  the  ocean  on  the  west;  (3)  the 
mountains  in  the  east;  and  (4)  the  great  Colorado  Desert  still  farther  east.  The  number  of  the 
northern  areas  of  low  pressure  sufficiently  great  and  moving  far  enough  south  to  exert  an  influ- 
ence at  the  latitude  of  San  Diego  are  comparatively  few;  not  one-tenth  of  these  '"lows"  have  an 
appreciable  effect  on  the  climate.  The  storms  from  the  south  ("  Sonoras,'' as  they  are  locally 
known)  have  but  little  energy,  and  probably  average  two  a  year.  As  is  the  case  in  all  marine 
climates,  the  ocean  exerts  by  far  the  most  powerful  effect.  This  is  noticed  in  the  slight  daily 
variation  in  temperature  and  the  absence  of  either  cold  or  hot  weather.  The  average  daily 
change  in  temperature  from  day  to  day  is  2"degrees,  and  the  extremes  in  temperature  from  a 
record  of  thirty  years  are  101°  and  32°.  The  temperature  has  exceeded  90°  nineteen  times  in 
thirty  years,  or  on  an  average  of  about  twice  every  three  years.  Four  times  in  the  history  of 
the  station  has  the  temperature  touched  32C,  but  has  never  fallen  lower.  Four  killing  frosts 
have  occurred  in  San  Diego  since  the  establishment  of  the  station,  but  aside  from  blackening 
tender  shoots  and  killing  delicate  flowers,  no  damage  was  done. 

The  desert  winds  are  responsible  for  temperatures  above  90°,  and  they  are  therefore  accom- 
panied by  extremely  low  humidity.  Records  of  humidity  below  10  per  cent  are  not  uncommon 
during  the  two  or  three  hours'  duration  of  the  desert  wind.  Three  per  cent  is  the  lowest  relative 
humidity  ever  recorded  at  this  station.  As  the  sea  breeze  is  stronger  than  the  desert  wind,  the 
highest  point  reached,  whenever  the  temperature  is  above  90°,  usually  occurs  about  11  a.  m.  At 
this  time  the  sea  breeze  overcomes  the  land  breeze  and  the  temperature  drops  to  the  normal. 

Nothing  so  clearly  illustrates  the  strictly  local  character  of  the  climate  of  San  Diego  as  the 
humidity.  While  the  mean  annual  relative  humidity  is  78  per  cent  at  the  Weather  Bureau 
station,  2  miles  north  and  at  an  increase  of  200  feet  in  elevation,  the  humidity  decreases  15  per 
cent.  Five  miles  away,  and  at  an  elevation  of  300  feet,  there  is  a  further  decrease  of  5  per  cent. 
The  temperature  is  of  course  proportionately  higher. 

The  maximum  amount  of  sunshine  occurs  in  November  and  the  minimum  in  May  and  June, 
the  winters  being  usually  bright  and  warm  and  the  summers  cloudy  and  cool.  The  photographic 
sunshine  recorder  was  installed  in  1890,  and  this  ten  years'  record  shows  an  average  of  four  days 
each  year  without  sunshine. 

There  is  a  difference  of  about  1  mile  an  hour  in  the  average  hourly  velocity  of  the  wind 
between  the  summer  and  the  winter  months:  the  mean  annual  hourly  velocity  is  5  miles.  While 
the  wind  blows  from  every  point  of  the  compass  during  a  normal  day.  the  land  breeze  is  very 
light,  averaging  about  3  miles  per  hour,  reaching  its  lowest  velocity  just  before  the  sea  breeze 
starts  in.  The  records  show  that  there  is  an  average  velocity  of  from  6  to  9  miles  from  10  a.  m. 
to  6  p.  m.  During  the  summer  a  velocity  of  6  miles  is  attained  at  9  a.  m.,  increasing  to  10  miles 
at  2  p.  m.,  reaching  6  miles  at  7  p.  m.  The  winter  months  have  about  five  hours  of  wind  over  6 
miles,  beginning  shortly  after  noon.  Winds  from  25  to  30  miles  per  hour  occur  infrequently, 
the  average  annual  number  being  two.  Winds  of  from  31  to  40  miles  have  an  average  of  less  than 
one  a  year.  The  highest  velocity  ever  attained  was  40  miles  from  the  northwest,  in  February,  1878. 

The  record  of  meteorological  observations  began  in  July,  1849,  and  was  made  entirely  by 
officials  of  the  Government.  The  Army  and  Coast  Survey  kept  up  the  record  until  the  estab- 
lishment of  this  station  by  the  Signal  Service,  November  1,  1871.  Since  this  date  the  location 
of  the  observing  office  has  been  changed  a  number  of  times,  but  the  different  places  have  all  been 
within  a  radius  of  a  few  blocks.  The  office  is  now  in  the  Keating  building,  corner  Fifth  and  F 
streets.  The  instruments  have  elevations  as  follows:  Thermometer.  94  feet;  rain  gauge.  86  feet; 
anemometer.  102  feet. 

1176— Bull.  L— 03 6 


82 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 

MEAN  MONTHLY  AND  ANNUAL  TKMPERATUKK  (DEGREES  FAHRENHEIT). 


Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1852              

53.1 

55.9 

55.0 

57.6 

61.2 

67.1 

73.2 

72.5 

73.6 

65.0 

57.3 

51.9 

62.0 

1853  

53.8 

53.0 

57.7 

62.6 

63.3 

68.4 

72.8 

72.9 

70.7 

68.8 

60.4 

56.2 

63.4 

1854              

5'l.2 

55.0 

56.4 

63.3 

60.7 

64.1 

73.1 

72.1 

66.7 

64.0 

68.7 

55.5 

62.0 

1855 

52.6 

56.2 

58.4 

62.3 

64.0 

68.8 

70.9 

72.0 

68.3 

66.6 

66.4 

52.4 

62  4 

1856             

51.0 

53.5 

56.2 

60.0 

61.0 

68.6 

72.3 

72.5 

68.8 

61.6 

56.2 

50.0 

61.0 

1857  

52.4 

53.6 

58.8 

62.6 

64.4 

69.1 

67.3 

72.8 

68.4 

63.9 

57.2 

51.8 

61.9 

1858             

51.2 

56.0 

55.1 

57.8 

62.8 

66.5 

69.2 

69.8 

69.6 

63.5 

58.6 

53.1 

61.1 

1859  

54.5 

54.8 

55.3 

56.2 

60.1 

C7.0 

69.7 

68.4 

66.6 

65.1 

60.1 

55.3 

61.1 

I860             

51.4 

53.9 

59.0 

60.4 

61.9 

64.5 

68.8 

70.8 

69.1 

63.6 

56.9 

55.2 

61.3 

1861 

51.4 

56.5 

67.7 

63.8 

65.7 

67.6 

73.1 

72.3 

69.3 

64.6 

59.8 

58.1 

63  3 

1862              

55.6 

51.8 

66.8 

59.4 

62.7 

68.2 

71.2 

72.9 

69.4 

65.8 

60.4 

55.4 

62.5 

1868 

52.8 

52  8 

59.9 

61.0 

62.6 

64.6 

68.0 

68.1 

68.9 

65.7 

59.0 

65  8 

61  6 

1864            

56.0 

66.2 

58.6 

61.8 

65.2 

69.0 

69.7 

75.1 

69.2 

64.6 

59.1 

56.5 

63.4 

1865 

55.6 

54  7 

57.8 

59.8 

64.3 

65.7 

67.7 

71.8 

68  2 

65.2 

62.1 

52  2 

62  1 

1866           

54.5 

57.0 

57.9 

62.7 

60.5 

66.6 

69.7 

73.1 

69.6 

65.0 

60.4 

68.6 

63.0 

1867 

55.2 

53  2 

55.4 

61.7 

63.6 

69.1 

70.5 

74.5 

71.7 

64.0 

63.2 

63  3 

63  8 

1868      

54.5 

56.5 

57.4 

61.3 

62.3 

65.7 

69.4 

74.1 

72.2 

66.1 

62.1 

55.4 

63.1 

1869 

56.6 

65  6 

59.8 

62.1 

62.2 

64  4 

68.8 

70.3 

68.3 

66.3 

61.1 

50  6 

62  2 

1870         

55.6 

57.5 

56.3 

58.8 

61.4 

64.6 

68.3 

70.5 

66.9 

63.6 

59.4 

51.4 

61.2 

1871 

53.5 

52  2 

66.7 

57  7 

63  6 

65  1 

71.4 

72  1 

68  3 

65  6 

58  3 

56  8 

61  8 

1872        

52.7 

55  2 

56.4 

66.0 

60.4 

64.9 

66.6 

68.9 

66.0 

62.5 

59.4 

55.4 

60.4 

187S 

56.7 

53  3 

56  7 

58  0 

60  0 

62  7 

67.0 

69  0 

67  7 

62  0 

60  3 

54  3 

60  0 

1874    

54.7 

52  6 

62.6 

56.2 

60.5 

63.2 

68.3 

68.1 

65.7 

63.2 

56.7 

53.3 

69  6 

1875 

53.4 

54  6 

56  0 

67  8 

62  6 

64  6 

68  3 

71  2 

67  7 

67  2 

60  3 

56  9 

61  6 

1876 

51.9 

55.9 

54.9 

59.0 

60  9 

65.2 

68.3 

68.8 

66.3 

64.6 

59.4 

66  8 

61.0 

1877 

57.4 

57  9 

58  9 

58  3 

60  3 

66  3 

68  4 

68  4 

68  0 

63  9 

60  6 

56  8 

62  1 

1878          .  . 

55.6 

56  0 

56.7 

68.1 

61  5 

64.1 

66.8 

68.3 

67.3 

62.0 

57  5 

53  5 

60  6 

1879  

52.3 

54.8 

67.9 

53.1 

00.1 

64.1 

65.7 

68.6 

66.6 

62.6 

56.2 

53.9 

60.1 

1880 

62.5 

50  8 

52.1 

56  5 

60  6 

63  0 

63  4 

65  8 

63  1 

61  2 

56  2 

56  9 

58  5 

1881  

52.8 

55.7 

54.3 

60.8 

62.3 

64.1 

67.2 

68.2 

66.7 

61.5 

66.8 

55  0 

60  4 

1882  . 

50.4 

61  2 

55.1 

56  6 

61  9 

64  3 

66.7 

70  2 

66  8 

62  0 

57  0 

55  7 

59  8 

1883  

53.4 

53.9 

57.4 

57.4 

60.6 

66.6 

68.7 

68.9 

69.7 

61  7 

68.7 

67  5 

61  2 

1884 

65.0 

55  9 

56  5 

57  6 

61  4 

64  4 

68  4 

69  5 

65  1 

61  3 

58  6 

54  4 

60  7 

1885  

64.0 

55.4 

59.6 

62.0 

63.3 

64  3 

67.6 

71.8 

68  0 

63.9 

59  6 

57  1 

62  0 

1886 

55.9 

58  5 

55  0 

57  2 

60  4 

63  1 

67  1 

70.5 

66  6 

59  7 

56  0 

56  0 

GO  5 

1887  

54.3 

52.9 

57.2 

59.0 

62.1 

64  6 

66.5 

66.2 

65  7 

64.6 

59  2 

64  6 

60  6 

1888..  •. 

51.6 

54  9 

55  8 

60  8 

61  2 

66  0 

68  4 

69  2 

69  7 

65  0 

59  9 

58  2 

61  7 

1889  

54.8 

58.0 

59.2 

60  4 

60  8 

64  0 

67  6 

70  8 

70  2 

65  4 

62  0 

57  4 

62  6 

1890.  .  . 

51.0 

54  3 

56  4 

58  6 

60  4 

64  1 

68  5 

69  8 

69  1 

64  6 

63  8 

60  8 

61  8 

1891  

54.6 

53.3 

66.9 

58  2 

60  8 

65  6 

69  0 

72  4 

70  2 

63  8 

59  2 

61  5 

62  0 

1892. 

55.1 

55  0 

56  0 

57  8 

61  0 

62  0 

64  9 

67  8 

66  4 

62  7 

60  9 

54  2 

60  '* 

1893  

57.4 

54  4 

54.2 

57  5 

61  0 

63  4 

67  4 

70  0 

64  6 

62  7 

57  6 

57  4 

60  6 

1894 

49  5 

50  5 

52  6 

56  4 

58  6 

61  4 

64  8 

67  0 

65  9 

62  8 

57  1 

54  8 

58  4 

1896  

53.2 

65  8 

55  4 

57  8 

61  9 

65  0 

65  6 

61  7 

67  4 

64  4 

59  4 

55  0 

60  5 

1896 

65  5 

67  7 

58  2 

56  5 

6°  0 

64  8 

68  6 

69  4 

66  7 

64  2 

59  7 

59  0 

61  9 

1897  

55.8 

54  7 

54  2 

59  8 

60  9 

63  4 

67  0 

69  9 

68  1 

62  4 

60  2 

55  0 

61  0 

1898 

50  8 

55  2 

54  5 

59  1 

58  8 

63  8 

66  7 

70  6 

68  5 

62  3 

59  4 

56  6 

60  5 

1899  

55.5 

53  4 

56  4 

58  2 

57  7 

61  4 

66  6 

65  8 

65  5 

62  7 

GO  8 

58  7 

60  1 

1900  

57.8 

57  6 

59.2 

56  8 

60  9 

64  4 

67.6 

66  2 

65  6 

63  1 

64  6 

60  4 

62  0 

1901  

66.2 

57.5 

60.0 

57.4 

60.0 

62.5 

65.8 

68.2 

64.8 

Mean  (50  years) 

53  9 

54  8 

56  5 

59  1 

61  6 

65  1 

67  2 

70  0 

68  0 

63  9 

59  2 

55  6 

61  4 

CLIMATE    OF    SOUTHERN    COAST. 
MAXIMUM  AND  MINIMUM  TEMPERATURES. 


83 


Ja 

n. 

R 

b. 

M 

ar. 

A 

E>r- 

Ml 

IT- 

Ju 

ne. 

Ju 

iy. 

Ai 

W. 

Se 

pt. 

O 

:t. 

N< 

)T. 

D. 

x. 

§ 

E 

= 

= 

g 

~ 

£ 

£ 

£ 

S' 

§ 

r 

a 

s 

g 

j 

S 

d 

§ 

, 
H 

= 

a 

s 

S 

= 

z 

~ 

— 

z 

— 

z 

— 

"Z 

£ 

- 

^ 

- 

Z 

a 

- 

S 

s 

B 

— 

'K 

X 

-= 

K 

•= 

X 

•a 

X 

~K 

•= 

"x 

c 

"x 

— 

"x 

x 

~ 

x 

•5 

x 

- 

~ 

e£ 

z. 

§ 

& 

^ 

2 

3 

7. 

tz 

3 

7. 

7. 

3 

s 

7. 

ta 

~- 

~~ 

2 

*z 

~ 

1872 

71 

17 

68 

44 

71 

;; 

74 

43 

5? 

80 

55 

- 

H 

85 

60 

80 

54 

-7 

45 

81 

42 

77 

40 

1873  

75 

44 

77 

17 

7? 

40 

H» 

4' 

78 

V 

75 

58 

— 

60 

78 

61 

8? 

55 

76 

49 

85 

49 

68 

44 

1874 

71 

4? 

64 

4] 

61 

;• 

71 

43 

74 

50 

76 

5? 

79 

59 

83 

56 

78 

54 

90 

46 

75 

45 

8* 

39 

1875  

68 

4? 

70 

44 

71 

19 

77 

19 

8-» 

TO 

77 

51 

79 

61 

81 

61 

88 

57 

88 

51 

7ft 

50 

7=> 

38 

1876 

65 

19 

77 

19 

jg 

43 

87 

43 

76 

50 

88 

51 

78 

60 

81 

60 

82 

<>4 

80 

48 

79 

43 

77 

45 

1877. 

78 

4? 

75 

4.S 

70 

•- 

67 

44 

68 

il 

94 

55 

86 

59 

8? 

58 

91 

58 

71 

47 

78 

46 

78 

40 

1878  

68 

V 

69 

44 

68 

:  • 

77 

^| 

7S 

48 

76 

51 

77 

56 

80 

55 

100 

51 

87 

44 

77 

40 

79 

35 

1879 

76 

15 

74 

18 

99 

44 

- 

45 

94 

47 

91 

V 

78 

58 

81 

54 

92 

54 

qo 

46 

79 

43 

71 

32 

1880  

7i 

1? 

61 

15 

69 

<W 

80 

42 

84 

46 

71 

5? 

71 

54 

84 

56 

50 

81 

48 

78 

40 

77 

40 

1881 

70 

16 

82 

19 

JJ 

40 

ff> 

51 

7> 

51 

76 

51 

80 

=>7 

82 

56 

86 

5? 

72 

46 

76 

38 

77 

39 

1882.  . 

54 

34 

70 

17 

79 

19 

70 

41 

71 

48 

75 

55 

78 

17 

81 

6*> 

80 

50 

81 

49 

80 

42 

78 

41 

1883 

76 

1*> 

83 

16 

71 

48 

85 

42 

89 

45 

81 

56 

80 

59 

84 

60 

101 

59 

80 

48 

ff 

43 

78 

42 

1884 

78 

19 

79 

1« 

68 

41 

69 

45 

7? 

47 

Rl 

50 

Rl 

51 

°f> 

5( 

78 

51 

87 

47 

74 

42 

68 

36 

1885  

68 

18 

76 

40 

81 

4? 

81 

47 

71 

5? 

74 

5? 

8? 

58 

89 

6? 

10 

56 

88 

47 

76 

42 

79 

40 

1886 

74 

IT 

80 

44 

68 

41 

71 

45 

77 

50 

75 

54 

81 

57 

82 

61 

78 

60 

47 

77 

40 

76 

40 

1887  

74 

18 

76 

18 

8? 

44 

80 

44 

79 

48 

78 

54 

79 

60 

77 

54 

79 

58 

85 

50 

8? 

44 

74 

36 

1888 

64 

Tt 

67 

4? 

77 

41 

91 

47 

70 

V 

76 

54 

77 

55 

82 

V7 

82 

58 

80 

53 

75 

46 

71 

44 

"1889 

-- 

36 

85 

17 

NO 

45 

R1 

47 

80 

50 

7? 

56 

84 

59 

89 

61' 

91 

54 

80 

52 

81 

46 

69 

40 

1890  

66 

15 

77 

18 

74 

41 

85 

45 

75 

46 

91 

51 

80 

56 

89 

58 

81 

60 

90 

49 

91 

46 
" 

79 

47 

1891 

76 

15 

70 

14 

76 

41 

77 

44 

67 

51 

78 

51 

88 

58 

85 

60 

89 

55 

84 

50 

8-> 

ft 

32 

1892  . 

7: 

'18 

68 

4? 

71 

44 

80 

41 

87 

47 

75 

51 

75 

57 

80 

57 

80 

54 

81 

46 

84 

• 

71 

36 

1893  

80 

3S 

40 

75 

40 

78 

41 

88 

49 

75 

53 

79 

57 

81 

59 

77 

51 

88 

50 

• 
" 

« 

ft' 

38 

1894 

69 

T» 

69 

14 

7? 

16 

81 

41 

7? 

45 

71 

50 

77 

57 

55 

90 

5? 

87 

45 

45 

70 

41 

1895  

77 

16 

- 

19 

74 

38 

81 

44 

80 

51 

77 

51 

74 

57 

78 

51 

90 

54 

84 

'.; 

85 

38 

79 

34 

1896 

-- 

19 

83 

19 

85 

41 

74 

42 

98 

48 

89 

54 

80 

56 

88 

59 

» 

54 

79 

- 

76 

43 

7R 

46 

1897 

71 

40 

76 

1R 

70 

40 

88 

46 

67 

50 

70 

54 

79 

59 

89 

60 

83 

58 

76 

51 

81 

45 

80 

36 

1898  

7- 

36 

75 

4? 

77 

18 

86 

45 

69 

51 

88 

54 

77 

60 

81 

61 

91 

81 

5] 

76 

41 

79 

43 

1899 

-; 

41 

76 

34 

86 

44 

91 

46 

66 

48 

70 

55 

m 

57 

76 

58 

92 

55 

93 

;- 

81 

50 

80 

45 

1900.  . 

79 

46 

7fi 

45 

80 

46 

67 

45 

75 

49 

87 

56 

84 

60 

80 

59 

87 

51 

7? 

50 

89 

51 

79 

44 

1901  

40 

81 

41 

8? 

47 

66 

46 

67 

51 

86 

5.1 

74 

57 

79 

58 

7? 

56 

[From  1875  to  1900,  9,496  days,  there  were  9,181  days  of  temperature  not  above  80°  nor  below  40°.] 


84 


CLIMATOLOGY  OF  CALIFORNIA. 


FIG.  10.— Seasonal  rainfall  at  San  Diego,  Cal.,  from  1850  to  1901. 


CLIMATE    OF    SOUTHERN    COAST. 


85 


MEAN  MONTHLY  RELATIVE  HUMIDITY  (PER  CENT). 
[Record  began  January  1, 1S71.] 


Month. 

A.M. 

P.M. 

Aver- 
age. 

Month. 

A.  M. 

I'.  M. 

Aver- 
age. 

Month. 

A.M. 

P.M. 

Aver- 
age. 

74.9 

74.0 

74.4 

May  

82.5 

74.8 

78.6 

September  

84.7 

78.0 

81.5 

77  6 

73  5 

75  6 

83  8 

75  2 

79.5 

October                .  . 

81.3 

76.2 

78.8 

March 

81.2 

73  9 

77.6 

July 

85  9 

76.4 

81.2 

November  

72.4 

72.8 

72.6 

April 

82.2 

73.4 

77.8 

August  

85.4 

76.4 

80.9 

December  

73.2 

72.9 

73.0 

NUMBER  OF  HIGH  WINDS  IN  TWENTY-EIGHT  YEARS. 
[Record  began  January  1,  1873.] 


Month. 

Velocity. 

Month. 

Velocity. 

Month. 

Velocity. 

•J5to30 
mile*. 

21  to  40 
miles. 

25  to  30 
miles. 

21  to  40 
miles. 

25  to  30 
miles. 

21  to  40 
miles. 

o 

8 
9 
8 
2 

11 

9 
- 
5 

•j 

0 
3 
1 

1 
3 

1 
|> 
•2 
1 
1 

November 

5 
10 

3 
5 

July  

December  

March                       

August  

2 

2 

April  

September  

May                

October  

SUMMARY  OF  MONTHLY  MEANS  AND  EXTREMES  OF  TEMPERATURE. 


Highest 
monthly  mean. 

monftlTSean.    Absolute  maximum. 

Absolute  minimum. 

Mean  of 

Mean  of 

Greatest    Mean 

Mean 

threeeon 

threecon- 

Month. 

t 

dailv       daily 

varia- 

secutive 

secutive 

Tem- 

Tem- 

Tem- 

Tem- 

range. 

range. 

bility. 

warmest 

coldest 

pera- 

Date. 

pera- 

Date. 

pera-           Date. 

pera- 

Date. 

days. 

days. 

ture. 

ture. 

ture. 

ture. 

57.8 

1900 

49.5 

1894 

80.0 

2,1893 

32.0 

131,1880 

35.0 

16.9 

2.4 

65.7 

40.2 

February  

58.5 

1886 

50.5 

1894 

85.0 

12,1889 

34.0 

10-11,1894            37.0 

13.7 

2.1 

69.2 

41.9 

16,1880   1 

March  !      59.9 

1863 

52.1 

1880 

99.0 

29,1879 

38.0 

\        43.0 

14.2 

2.3 

71.3 

44.3 

14,1898 

1 

April  63.8 

1861 

51.7       1901          93.0 

12,1888 

39.0 

7,1875 

40.0 

14.2 

2.2 

74.3 

50.5 

Mav                          *s  7 

1861 

57.  7       1899 

98.0 

25,1896 

39.0 

7,1875 

36.0 

12.2 

1.6 

72.1 

52.6 

69.1 

1857 
1867 

|    61.4 

r  1894 
1  1899 

1    94.0 

10,1877 

50.0 

f           14,1884 
{           13,  1894 

35.0 

12.1 

1.9 

75.8 

55.4 

July                        73  ' 

1852 

63.4 

1880 

88.0 

25,1891 

54.0 

16,1894 

24  0 

11.6 

1.7 

78.0 

59.5 

75.1 

1864 

65.8 

J  1880 
t  1889 

|    92.0 

15,1884 

54.0 

29,1879 

28.0 

11.4 

1.7 

81.1 

60.8 

September  —  '      73.  6 

1852 

63.1  ;    1880 

101.0 

22,1883 

50.0 

18,1882 

35.0 

13.0 

2.0 

82.9 

57.0 

October                  «58-  s 

1853 

59.7  i    1886 

92.0 

26-28,  1879 

44.0  |             '.".  » 

37.0 

14.1 

1.8 

79.0 

49.8 

November  

64.6 

1900 

56.0 

1886 

91.0 

4,1890 

38.0 

f            8,1881 
{           24,  1895 

38.0 

17.7 

2.3 

75.6 

44.9 

December  ;      63.3 

1867 

50.0 

1856 

82.0 

6,1874 

32.0 

25,1879 

40.0 

16.2 

1.9 

75.6 

42.8 

Annual  .       53.  g 

1867 

58.4 

1894 

101.0 

Sept.  22,  1883 

32.0 

(Jan.    31,1880 
JDec.  25,1879 

43.0 

13.9 

2.0 

82.  i» 

40.2 

<•  Also,  21st,  1883;  7th,  1894. 
WEATHER. 


Month. 

Average  number  of  — 

Month. 

Average  number  of  — 

Clear 
days. 

Partly 

cloudy 
days. 

Cloudy 
days." 

Rainy- 
days. 

Clear 
days. 

Partly 
cloudy 
days. 

'Cloudy 
days. 

Rainy 
days. 

17 
13 
11 
13 
9 
10 
15 

8 
9 
10 
10 
11 
14 
12 

6 
6 
10 
7 
11 
6 
4 

6 
8 
8 

: 

3 
1 
0 

A  ugust  

12 
16 
17 
18 
15 

15 
11 

10 
8 
10 

4 

3 
4 

4 
6 

0 
0 
2 
t 
fr 

February 

September  

October  

November  

Mav  

December  

June  

A 

165 

129 

71 

41 

July                                         

86 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 

MONTHLY,  SEASONAL,  AND  ANNUAL  PHECIPITATION  IN  INCHES  AND  HUNDREDTHS. 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

Season 
of— 

Seasonal. 

1850               

0.00 

1.13 

1.00 

0.09 

0.00 

0.68 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.19 

2.82 

1.93 

7.84 

1849-50 

1851                                                 

0.03 

1.51 

0.34 

0.87 

0.71 

0.01 

0.00 

0.00 

0.02 

0.01 

0.25 

3.74 

7.49 

1850-51 

8.41 

1852                  

0.58 

1.84 

1.87 

0.85 

0.32 

0.00 

0.00 

0.40 

0.00 

0.06 

1.45 

4.50 

11.87 

1851-52 

9.88 

1853                                              

0.50 

0.20 

1.52 

0.25 

2.10 

0.05 

0.00 

0.21 

0.00 

0.00 

1.28 

1.77 

7.88 

1852-53 

10.84 

1854        

0.99 

2.56 

1.88 

0.89 

0.18 

0.01 

0.07 

1.36 

0.09 

0.27 

0.04 

3.29 

11.63 

1853-54 

10.99 

1855                                   

1.97 

3.59 

1.30 

1.52 

0.06 

0.00 

0.00 

0.04 

0.00 

0.11 

2.15 

0.41 

11.15 

1854-55 

12.17 

1856  

1.27 

1.86 

1.59 

2.17 

0.29 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.07 

0.00 

1.22 

1.30 

9.77 

1855-56 

9.85 

1857                                       

0.26 

1.76 

0.00 

0.04 

0.08 

0.03 

0.00 

0.02 

0.01 

0.49 

2.16 

1.30 

6.15 

1856-57 

4.78 

1858  

1.52 

0.44 

1.24 

0.17 

0.00 

0.19 

0.00 

0.04 

0.10 

0.47 

0.28 

3.10 

7.55 

1857-58 

7.56 

1859                                            

0.00 

1.89 

0.20 

0.36 

0.17 

0.00 

0.02 

0.00 

0.00 

0.18 

1.49 

1.79 

6.10 

1858-59 

6.59 

1860  ,  

0.72 

1.49 

0.15 

0.65 

0.04 

0.05 

0.14 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

2.88 

2.99 

9.11 

1859-60 

6.70 

1861                                    

0.82 

0.79 

0.05 

0.04 

0.00 

0.19 

0.00 

0.00 

1.59 

0.05 

1.19 

3.20 

7.92 

1860-61 

7.76 

1862  

5.56 

1.39 

0.97 

1.05 

0.  Ifi 

0.48 

0.11 

0.00 

0.00 

0.89 

0.05 

0.93 

11.59 

1861-62 

15.  75 

1863                             

0.32 

1.09 

0.33 

0.13 

0.02 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.36 

0.00 

0.73 

0.04 

3.02 

1862-63 

3.76 

1864 

0.04 

2.50 

0.20 

0.01 

1.25 

0.01 

0.11 

0.00 

0.00 

0.04 

2.41 

1.04 

7.61 

1863-64 

5.26 

1865               

1.28 

3.00 

0.00 

0.56 

0.00 

0.01 

1.29 

0.00 

0.00 

0.02 

0.52 

0.84 

7.52 

1864-65 

9.63 

1866 

5.05 

3.43 

1.47 

0.11 

0.09 

0.00 

0.00 

0.10 

0.00 

0.00 

0.24 

1.82 

12.31 

1865-66 

11.63 

1867.       .              

2.32 

0.85 

7.88 

0.48 

0.04 

0.00 

0.00 

0.30 

0.00 

0.34 

0.45 

3.06 

15.72 

1866-67 

13.93 

1868  

3.C7 

1.63 

0.73 

1.20 

0.15 

0.00 

0.51 

0.00 

0.05 

0.00 

2.00 

1.52 

11.16 

1867-68 

11.44 

1869.       .            

2.88 

1.88 

1.98 

0.53 

0.33 

0.00 

0.05 

0.00 

0.00 

0.05 

2.32 

0.94 

10.96 

1868-69 

11.22 

1870  

0.54 

0.77 

0.33 

0.20 

0.28 

0.00 

0.04 

0.07 

0.00 

1.54 

0.18 

0.42 

4.37 

1869-70 

5.54 

1871  

0.52 

1.35 

0.01 

0.70 

0.34 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.33 

1.39 

5.64 

1870-71 

5.06 

1872 

0.99 

2.63 

0.46 

O.C6 

0.12 

0.00 

0.00 

0.18 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.40 

6.04 

1871-72 

7.36 

1873      

0.44 

4.15 

0.11 

0.10 

0.03 

o.co 

0.00 

1.95 

0.00 

0.00 

0.77 

5.46 

13.01 

1872-73 

8.18 

1874 

3.11 

3.73 

1.20 

O.C4 

0.34 

0.00 

0.12 

0.00 

0.11 

0.53 

0.88 

0.55 

10.91 

1873-74 

15.07 

1875        

2.38 

0.37 

0.45 

0.12 

0.20 

0.02 

0.00 

0.21 

0.39 

0.00 

2.25 

0.41 

6.80 

1874-75 

5.82 

1876 

2.47 

2.44 

1.78 

0.06 

0.05 

0.05 

0.03 

0.06 

0.03 

0.08 

0.04 

0.15 

7.24 

1875-76 

9.99 

1877  

1.05 

0.18 

1.44 

0.26 

0.43 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.81 

O.Oti 

3.89 

8.12 

1876-77 

3.66 

1878 

1.45 

4.83 

1.41 

2.91 

0.58 

0.16 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.96 

0.00 

1.57 

13.87 

1877-78 

16.10 

1879  

3.54 

1.04 

0.10 

0.60 

T. 

0.07 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.29 

2.77 

6.30 

14.71 

1878-79 

7.88 

1880 

0.61 

1.50 

1.43 

1.34 

0.06 

0.06 

0.09 

0.32 

0.00 

0.53 

0.28 

4.15 

10.37 

1879-80 

14.77 

1881.                    

0.52 

0.45 

1.88 

1.35 

0.04 

0.05 

0.00 

0.01 

0.04 

0.24 

0.12 

0.30 

5.00 

1880-81 

9.26 

1882 

4.53 

2.55 

1.02 

0.45 

0.18 

0.07 

0.00 

T. 

0.01 

0.41 

0.39 

0.13 

9.74 

1881-82 

9.50 

1883  

1.09 

0.96 

0.41 

0.31 

1.14 

0.08 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

2.01 

0.20 

1.82 

8.01 

1882-83 

4.92 

1884 

1.34 

9.05 

6.23 

2.84 

2.17 

0.31 

0.00 

T. 

0.07 

0.35 

0.11 

5.12 

27.59 

1883-84 

25.97 

1885  

0.35 

0.02 

0.78 

1.20 

0.61 

0.06 

T. 

0.13 

T. 

0.31 

1.56 

0.71 

5.73 

1884-85 

8.80 

1886 

6.95 

1.51 

O     "7O 

1.95 

0.04 

0.07 

T. 

T. 

0.00 

0.05 

0.95 

0.10 

15.35 

1885-86 

16.83 

1887  

0.04 

4.51 

0.02 

2.14 

0.47 

0.04 

0.01 

T. 

T. 

T. 

2.08 

1.14 

10.45 

1886-87 

8.33 

1888 

1.96 

1.48 

2.79 

0.10 

0.22 

0.04 

0.01 

T. 

0.04 

0.26 

1.83 

2.84 

11.57 

1887-88 

9.82 

1889  

1.72 

1.80 

2.20 

0.19 

0.03 

0.10 

T. 

0.04 

T. 

2.12 

0.12 

7.71 

16.03 

1888-89 

11.05 

1890 

2.79 

1.70 

0.41 

0.05 

0.08 

0.00 

0.00 

T. 

0.65 

0.01 

0.72 

1.61 

8.02 

1889-90 

14.98 

1891  

1.21 

4.84 

0.27 

0.76 

0.35 

0.05 

T. 

0.00 

0.08 

0.04 

T. 

1.29 

8.99 

1890-91 

10.47 

1892 

1.58 

2.96 

0.96 

0.41 

1.15 

0.13 

0.00 

0.05 

T. 

0.22 

0.94 

0.69 

9.09 

1891-92 

8.65 

1893      

0.78 

0.47 

5.50 

0.22 

0.39 

T. 

T. 

0.00 

0.00 

0.11 

0.91 

1.91 

10.29 

1892-93 

9.21 

1894 

0.29 

0.49 

1.05 

0.11 

0.09 

0.01 

0.00 

0.04 

0.01 

T. 

0.00 

2.26 

4.35 

1893-94 

5.01 

1895        

7.33 

0.53 

1.43 

0.11 

0.19 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.01 

0.27 

1.19 

0.27 

11.33 

1894-95 

11.86 

1896 

1.27 

0.02 

2.89 

0.25 

0.03 

0.01 

T. 

0.13 

T. 

0.97 

0.98 

2,18 

8.73 

1895-96 

6.34 

1897           

3.13 

2.72 

1.53 

0.02 

0.12 

T. 

0.01 

T. 

T. 

1.06 

0.02 

0.32 

8.93 

1896-97 

11.66 

1898 

1.71 

0.06 

0.91 

0.22 

0.66 

0.02 

0.00 

0.00 

0.07 

0.00 

0.15 

0.87 

4.67 

1897-98 

4.98 

1899  

2.34 

0.30 

0.85 

0.29 

0.10 

0.27 

0.00 

0.07 

0.00 

0.35 

0.86 

0.65 

6.08 

1898-99 

5.31 

1900                                          .  . 

0.69 

0.03 

0.53 

1.26 

1.45 

0.08 

0.00 

T. 

T. 

0.30 

1.43 

0.00 

1899-00 

5.90 

1901 

2  08 

4.77 

1.07 

0.01 

0.77 

0.02 

T. 

T. 

0.06 

0.28 

0,41 

0.02 

9.49 

1900-01 

10  45 

1.75 

1.91 

1.37 

0.64 

0.34 

0.07 

0.05 

0.11 

0.07 

0.33 

0.96 

1.97 

9.52 

CLIMATE   OF   SOUTHERN    COAST. 


87 


MONTHLY  EXTREMES  OF  PRECIPITATION. 


Month. 

Greatest  monthly 
precipitation. 

Least  monthly 
precipitation. 

Number 
of  times 
precipita- 
tion has 
exceeded 
normal  in 
50  years. 

Month. 

Greatest  monthly 
precipitation. 

Least  monthly 
precipitation. 

Number 
of  times 
precipita- 
tion has 
exceeded 
normal  in 
50  years. 

Amount. 

Date. 

Amount. 

Date. 

Amount.     Date. 

Amount. 

Date. 

Jnnnnry  .  , 

Inehft. 
7.33 
9.05 
7.88 
2.91 
2.17 
0.68 

1895 
1884 
1867 
1878 
1884 
1850 

Inchet. 
0.00 
0.02 
0.00 
0.01 
0.00 
0.00 

01850 
<>1885 
<"1857 
01864 
a!850 
«1852 

16 
17 
• 
17 
14 
10 

July 

Inchet. 
1.29 
1.95 
1.69 
2.12 
2.88 
7.71 

1865 
1873 
1861 
1889 
1860 
1889 

Inchet. 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 

ol850 
ol850 
ol850 
01853 
01872 
01900 

8 
10 
7 
15 
20 
16 

F«*hniary  . 

March 

April  

October 

Mav  

JoAQ 

a  Also  in  other  years. 


GRKATEBT  PRECIPITATION,  IN  INCHES  AND  HUNDREDTHS,  IN  TWENTY-FOUR  HOURS. 


;  '££• 

Febru- 
ary. 

March. 

April. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

August. 

tember. 

Octo- 
ber. 

Novem- 
ber. 

Decem- 
ber. 

Greatest 
annual. 

1872  0.53 

1.12 

0.29 

0.15 

0.10 

0  00 

0  00 

0  09 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  53 

1  12 

1873                                                          0  20 

1  25 

0  05 

0  10 

0  02 

0  00 

0  00 

1  80 

0  00 

0  00 

0  54 

*>  52 

1  80 

1874                                                          1.35 

1.24 

0.28 

0.33 

0.21 

0  00 

0  09 

0  00 

0  10 

0  18 

0  31 

0  55 

1  35 

1875                                                          0  95 

0  35 

0  30 

0  11 

0  08 

0  02 

0  00 

fl  21 

0  29 

0  00 

0  52 

0  32 

0  95 

1870                                                          0.55 

1  53 

0.80 

0  05 

0  05 

0  05 

0  03 

0  06 

0  03 

0  06 

0  03 

0  10 

1  53 

1877  0.41 

0.18 

0.52 

0.16 

0.20 

0.00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0.78 

0.06 

1  09 

1  09 

1878                                                          0  55 

1  11 

0  36 

0  82 

0  28 

0  07 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  '.*', 

0  00 

0  58 

0  96 

1879.  .  .                                                i      1.  53 

0.80 

0.05 

0.17 

0.00 

0  07 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  16 

2.75 

2  56 

2.75 

1880  0.31 

0.82 

0.44 

0.38 

0.06 

0.06 

0.07 

0.28 

0.00 

0.48 

0.17 

1  29 

1  29 

1881..                                                    "  .so 

0.18 

0  83 

0.70 

0  02 

0  05 

0  00 

0  01 

0  04 

0  21 

0  07 

0  19 

0  83 

1882                                                 '     2  W 

0.99 

0.55 

0.13 

0.17 

0.05 

0  00 

0  00 

0.01 

0.21 

0  31 

0  11 

2.94 

1883                                                              0  98 

0  43 

0  19 

0  18 

0  69 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1  82 

0  20 

0  63 

1  82 

1884  0.92 

1.-89 

1.71 

1.01 

1.45 

0  24 

0  00 

T 

0  07 

0  23 

0  10 

1  66 

I  89 

1885  0.20 

0.01 

0.56 

0.80 

0.54 

0.04 

T. 

0.13 

0.00 

0.21 

0.59 

0.48 

0  80 

1886                                                          1.76 

0.69 

1  38 

1  20 

0  02 

0  04 

m'wm 

T 

T 

0  00 

0  05 

0  74 

0  06 

1  76 

1887  .                             0.04 

1.96 

0.02 

0.94 

0.44 

0.04 

0.01 

T 

T 

T. 

1.80 

0.74 

1.96 

1888                                                          0.75 

0  66 

1  25 

0  C8 

0  15 

0  04 

0  01 

T 

0  04 

0  20 

0  60 

1  04 

1  25 

1889..                                                       0  67 

0.95 

1.16 

0.14 

0.02 

0  10 

T 

0  04 

T 

1  54 

0  08 

2.31 

2  31 

1890                                                               1  32 

1  04 

0  35 

0  03 

0  04 

0  00 

0  00 

T 

0  37 

0  01 

0  72 

1  23 

I  32 

1891..   .                                                        1  08 

1.35 

0.17 

0.55 

0  34 

0  05 

T 

0  00 

0.06 

0  02 

0  09 

0  69 

1  35 

1892  1.25 

1.25 

0.34 

0.41 

0.95 

0.13 

0.00 

0.04 

T. 

0.10 

0.82 

0.43 

L25 

1893                                                              0.45 

0  43 

•>  00 

0  22 

0  22 

T 

T 

0  00 

0  00 

0  11 

0  81 

0  74 

2.00 

1894  0.20 

0.15 

0.65 

0.06 

0.08 

0.01 

0.00 

0.04 

0.01 

T 

0.00 

0  59 

0  65 

1895                                                          2.15 

0  29 

0  70 

0  08 

0  15 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  01 

0  22 

0  46 

0  15 

2  15 

1896  0.57 

0  02 

1.32 

0.12 

0.03 

0.01 

T 

0  09 

T 

0  64 

,, 

1  10 

1  32 

1897                                                          1  62 

1  04 

0  55 

0  02 

0  04 

T 

0  01 

T 

T 

0  67 

0  02 

0.17 

1  62 

1898  ..                     0.55 

0  06 

0.47 

0.09 

0.26 

0  02 

0  00 

0  00 

0  06 

0  00 

0.11 

0  71 

0.71 

1899                                                               1  33 

0  24 
"• 

0  52 

0  28 

0  07 

0  25 

0  00 

0  07 

0  00 

0  20 

0  42 

0  54 

1  33 

1900.                                                             0  66 

0  03 

0  48 

0  79 

1  35 

0  05 

0  00 

T 

T 

0  20 

0  52 

0  50 

1  35 

1901  '      0.74 

2.39 

0.53 

0.01 

0.52 

0.02 

T. 

T 

0.06 

0.18 

0.37 

0.01 

2.39 

Greatest  '     2.94 

2.39 

2.00 

1.20 

1.4.T 

0.25 

0  09 

1  80 

0  37 

1.82 

2.  75 

2.55 

2.94 

Date                                                        12 

8-9 

11-1' 

14-1  5 

1 

22 

12 

--.'.. 

B 

9 

27 

Jan  12 

Year  '      1882 

1901 

1893 

-... 

1884 

1899 

1874 

1873 

1890 

1883 

1879 

1879 

1882 

TOTAL  NUMBER  OF  DAYS  WITH  PRECIPITATION  SINCE  NOVEMBER  1,  1871. 


• 

Janu- 
ary. 

Febru- 
ary. 

March. 

April. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

August. 

Sep- 
tember. 

Octo- 
ber. 

Novem- 
ber. 

Decem- 
ber. 

19 
71 
31 
35 
20 
14 

22 
66 
33 
30 

i! 

10 

38 
82 
31 
39 

" 

16 
57 
35 
16 
10 

43 

78 
8 
8 
5 
2 

B 
31 
3 
0 
0 
0 

11 
4 
0 
0 
0 

1 

17 
10 
1 
2 
0 
0 

12 
14 
2 
1 
0 
0 

25 
36 
23 
3 

4 
1 

15 
42 
17 
15 
10 
2 

22 
62 
35 
30 
20 
13 

O.OltoO.IO  

0.11  to  0  25 

0.26to0.50  

0  51  to  1  00 

Over  1.00  inch  .               .          

88 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 


DATES  WHEN    PRECIPITATION    EQUALED   OR  EXCEEDED   2.50   INCHES  IN  ANY  CONSECUTIVE  TWENTY-FOUR   HOURS, 

LOCAL  TIME. 

Inches. 

December  4,  1873,  10  p.  m.  3d,  during  night  4th 2.  52 

November  9,  1879,  during  a.  m.  9th,  to  8.10  p.  m.  9th 2.75 

December  27,  1879,  6  a.  in.  to  6  a.  m.  December  28 2. 55 

January  12,  1882,  3.50  a.  m.  to  3  a.  m.  January  13 j. . .  2.  94 

No  snow  is  reported  to  have  fallen  at  San  Diego  since  the  beginning  of  the  record  of 
observations  in  1850. 

Maximum  rate  of  rainfall  from  recording  rain  gauge;  record  since  1893:  December  28,  1896, 
in  one  minute,  0.19;  in  five  minutes,  0.32;  in  ten  minutes,  0.47;  in  one  hour,  0.79. 


HIGHEST  WIND  VELOCITY,  DIRECTION,  AND  DATE  FOR  EACH   MONTH   DURING  THE  PAST  TWENTY-SEVEN  YEARS. 

[Record  began  January  1,  1873.] 


Months. 

Velocity. 

Direc- 
tion. 

Day  and 
year. 

Months. 

Velocity. 

Direc- 
tion. 

Day  and 
year. 

37 

(a) 

al873 

July       

30 

NW 

2  1881 

40 

NW 

a!878 

24 

W 

bjg  1885 

37 

(a) 

ol876 

September  

28 

NW. 

7  1881 

April 

39 

(a) 

ol877 

October  

32 

NW 

29  1877 

May 

28 

(a) 

ol877 

November  

32 

NW 

<•  12  1877 

24 

sw. 

11,1886 

December  

36 

NW 

rf2  1887 

("Direction  and  date  missing.         ("Also  on  August  25,  29,  and  31,  1877.        "Also  on  November  21,  1886.         rfAlso,  west,  on  December  23,  1888. 

AVERAGE  HOURLY  WIND  VELOCITY  (!N  MILES  PER  HOUR). 

[Record  began  January  1,  1873.] 


Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

A.  M. 
1  

3.8 

4.0 

3.7 

3.6 

3.5 

3.1 

2.7 

2.5 

2.6 

2  7 

3  1 

3  6 

2 

3.8 

4.1 

3.8 

3.6 

3.4 

3.1 

2.5 

2  3 

2  6 

2  7 

3  2 

3  

3.8 

3.9 

3.8 

3.6 

3.4 

3.0 

2.4 

2.2 

2.6 

2  9 

3  3 

3  9 

4 

3.9 

4.0 

3.8 

3.5 

3.4 

3.1 

2.4 

2  3 

2  7 

2  8 

3  2 

6  

4.0 

4.1 

4.0 

3.6 

3.4 

3.2 

2.5 

2  3 

2  7 

2  9 

3  4 

3  9 

6 

4  1 

4.1 

4.0 

3.6 

3  5 

3.2 

2  6 

2  4 

''  7 

'2  9 

3  5 

7  

3.9 

3.9 

4.0 

3.7 

3.6 

3.2 

2.6 

2  3 

2  8 

2  9 

3  4 

8 

3  9 

4.1 

4.0 

3.7 

3  4 

3  2 

2  7 

2  4 

2  7 

3  2 

3  5 

9  

3.9 

4.1 

4.0 

3.7 

0     o 

3.2 

2.8 

2  5 

2  8 

3  1 

3  6 

10 

4  0 

4.2 

3  8 

3.5 

3  6 

3  4 

3  1 

2  6 

2  8 

3  0 

3  5 

11  

3.7 

4.0 

3.7 

3.9 

4.3 

4.1 

4.0 

3  4 

3  2 

3  0 

'i   1 

12  (  noon  ) 

3  3 

3  8 

4  3 

4  8 

5  6 

5  6 

5  7 

5  0 

4  6 

Q  a 

3  1 

P.  M. 
1  

3.5 

4.7 

5.6 

7.0 

7.8 

7.7 

7  7 

7  1 

6  7 

5  5 

4  4 

2 

4  5 

5  9 

7  0 

8  7 

9  0 

9  2 

9  1 

8  9 

8  7 

7  4 

5  8 

3  

5  9 

7.5 

8.5 

9.9 

10  0 

10  0 

10  1 

9  9 

10  0 

9  0 

7  4 

4 

7  3 

8  8 

9  5 

10  5 

10  5 

10  5 

10  3 

10  3 

10  5 

9  6 

8  7 

5  

8.0 

9.6 

10.0 

10.6 

10  5 

10  5 

10  4 

10  2 

10  4 

9  g 

9  1 

6 

8  3 

9  7 

9  9 

10  3 

10  3 

10  1 

10  0 

9  8 

9  4 

7  

8  1 

9  2 

9  4 

9.6 

9  6 

9  4 

9  3 

9  2 

9  0 

8  4 

7  6 

8  

6  7 

8  0 

8  5 

8  7 

8  8 

8  6 

8  4 

8  3 

9  

4  9 

6  1 

6  9 

7  4 

7  6 

7  4 

7  5 

8  3 

6  3 

4  8 

3  9 

10  

4  0 

4  6 

5  1 

5  7 

6  1 

6  0 

6  1 

7  1 

3  5 

11  

3  8 

4  0 

4  1 

4  6 

4  9 

4  9 

4  7 

5  4 

3  6 

3  0 

12  (midnight)  .  . 

3  8 

4  0 

3  8 

3  8 

4  o 

3  8 

3  6 

Average  

4  8 

5  4 

5  6 

5  9 

6  0 

5  8 

5  6 

CLIMATE    OF   SOUTHERN    COAST. 

NUMBER  OP  DAYS  WITH  ONE  HOUR  OR  MORE  OP  FOG,  AND  NUMBER  OF  THUNDERSTORMS  IN  ELEVEN  YEARS. 

[Record  began  January  1,  1890.] 


89 


'V 

Month. 

Foggy  days.          "»^ 

Month. 

Foggy  days. 

Thunder- 
storms. 

Num- 
ber. 

Aver- 
age. 

Num- 
ber. 

Aver- 
age. 

Num- 
ber. 

Aver- 
age. 

Num- 
ber. 

Aver- 
age. 

January  

22 
17 
10 
16 
3 
6 

2 
1 
1 
2 
0 
1 

0 
3 
2 
3 
1 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

July 

6 
6 
24 
26 
22 
11 

0 
0 
3 
3 

1 

2 
3 
0 
6 

i 

i 

0 
0 
0 
1 
0 
0 

February  

March  

April  

May  

June  

AVERAGE  PRESSURE,  IN  INCHES  AND  THOUSANDTHS,  FOR  EACH  HOUR  OP  SEVENTY-FIFTH  MERIDIAN  TIME. 

[Correction  applied  to  reduce  to  standard  gravity,  -0.03.    A=32°  43'  N.;  .p=117°  10*  W.;  local  time  2b  49"  slow.    H=87  ft.] 


1900.                            I'  a.m. 

2» 

3* 

4h 

5>- 

6" 

7» 

8" 

9<> 

10"          11' 

Noon.    1* 

p.m. 

29.981 
29.918 
29.862 
29.881 
29.885 
29.817 
29.762 
29.832 
29.813 
29.847 
29.890 
29.971 

0.981 
0.920 
0.861 
0.881 
0.885 
0.816 
0.763 
0.832 
0.812 
0.846 
0.891 
0.972 

0.974 
0.917 
0.859 
0.879 
0.882 
0.807 
0.761 
0.830 
0.813 
0.844 
0.889 
0.971 

0.971 
0.913 
0.857 
0.874 
0.876 
0.799 
0.758 
0.827 
0.811 
0.844 
0.887 
0.966 

0.971 
0.910 
0.850 
0.865 
0.869 
0.792 
0.752 
0.819 
0.808 
0.843 
0.884 
0.965 

0.970 
0.907 
0.843 
0.861 
0.864 
0.790 
0.751 
0.815 
0.807 
0.839 
0.881 
0.961 

0.964 
0.903 
0.840 
0.859 
0.865 
0.788 
0.753 
0.816 
0.805 
0.839 
0.876 
0.953 

0.963 
0.905 
0.842 
0.861 
0.865 
0.797 
0.759 
0.823 
0.812 
0.843 
0.879 
0.952 

0.967 
0.914 
0.849 
0.871 
0.874 
0.804 
0.771 
0.834 
0.819 
0.849 
0.885 
0.958 

0.976  j    0.991 
0.921       0.930 
0.856       0.868 
0.882       0.892 
0.884       0.888 
0.813       O.S21 
0.780      0.785 
0.844      0.853 
0.827       0.833 
0.  858      0.  869 
0.  895      0.  905 
0.  968       0.  976 

0.005 
0.937 
0.875 
0.897 
0.891 
0.823 
0.782 
0.861 
0.836 
0.875 
0.915 
0.991 

0.013 
0.940 
0.878 
0.900 
0.891 
0.826 
0.783 
0.859 
0.839 
0.874 
0.918 
0.993 

April 

Mav        

July                             

August  

October  

29.872 

0.872 

0.869 

0.865 

0.861 

0.857 

0.855 

0.858 

0.866 

0.  875       0.  884 

0.891 

0.893 

1900. 

2k 

3>> 

4h 

B> 

6" 

7" 

&> 

9" 

10>> 

11' 

Mid. 

Mean. 

Mean 
max. 

Mean 

mill. 

.  "anuary  

0.002 
0.937 
0.872 
0.895 
0.890 
0.825 
0.781 
0.857 
0.832 
0.867 
0.910 
0.982 

0.975 
0.918 
0.857 
0.889 
0.889 
0.821 
0.775 
0.853 
0.822 
0.851 
0.885 
0.954 

0.951 
0.900 
0.845 
0.881 
0.882 
0.814 
0.768 
0.845 
0.  815 
0.839 
0.870 
0.941 

0.942 
0.884 
0.832 
0.872 
0.872 
0.809 
0.759 
0.836 
0.804 
0.828 
0.859 
0.933 

0.942 
0.876 
0.824 
0.864 
0.864 
0.803 
0.750 
0.826 
0.793 
0.824 
0.854 
0.925 

0.943 
0.875 
0.820 
0.856 
0.858 
0.796 
0.743 
0.819 
0.787 
0.821 
0.853 
0.925 

0.944 
0.878 
0.823 
0.859 
0.854 
0.793 
0.738 
0.813 
0.787 
0.822 
0.856 
0.929 

0.955 
0.888 
0.830 
0.860 
0.854 
0.793 
0.738 
0.814 
0.788 
0.827 
0.865 
0.939 

0.962 
0.897 
0.837 
0.867 
0.860 
0.798 
0.741 
0.816 
0.793 
0.836 
0.873 
0.950 

0.969 
0.903 
0.849 
0.876 
0.868 
0.803 
0.749 
0.821 
0.805 
0.845 
0.879 
0.957 

0.978 
0.910 
0.863 
0.885 
0.876 
0.812 
0.761 
0.827 
0.813 
0.852 
0.886 
0.963 

0.970 
0.908 
0.850 
0.875 
0.874 
0.807 
0.761 
0.832 
0.811 
0.845 
0.883 
0.958 

0.025 
0.972 
0.891 
0.927 
0.910 
0.843 
0.793 
0.867 
0.848 
0.885 
0.928 
0.009 

0.926 
0.849 
0.812 
0.823 
0.838 
0.777 
0.730 
0.800 
0.774 
O.J09 
O.E41 
0.913 

March  

\pril 

May        ..           

June  

July 

August  

November  

0.888 

0.874 

0.863 

0.852 

0.845 

0.841 

0.841 

0.846 

0.852 

0.860 

0.869 

0.861 

0.908 

0.824 

90 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF   CALIFORNIA. 


AVERAGE  TEMPERATURE  (DEGREES  FAHRENHEIT)  EACH  HOUR,  SEVENTY-FIFTH  MERIDIAN  TIME. 

[h,=94  ft.;  local  time,  2h  49'"  slow.] 


1900.                          !  lk  a.  m.        2' 

I 

31" 

4>> 

5k             6' 

1 

7* 

81' 

9k 

10k 

11" 

Noon. 

1'  p.  m. 

January  

.56.0 
55.0 
58.2 
56.2 
59.6 
62.9 
65.5 
64.5 
63.6 
61.4 
60.8 
57.3 

55.3 
54.4 
57.7 
55.7 
59.0 
62.6 
65.2 
64.2 
63.2 
60.9 
60.7 
56.9 

54.5 
53.7 
57.0 
54.9 
58.5 
62.1 
65.0 
63.9 
62.4 
60.2 
60.4 
56.2 

54.3 
53.3 
56.7 
54.5 
58.1 
61.9 
64.8 
63.9 
62.1 
60.0 
CO.  2 
56.0 

53.9 
52.8 
56.2 
54.2 
57.9 
61.8 
64.7 
63.9 
61.5 
59.9 
59.6 
55.1 

53.8 
52.5 
55.8 
53.9 
57.6 
61.6 
64.5 
63.7 
61.2 
59.6 
59.5 
54.7 

53.3 
52.1 
55.6 
53.5 
57.5 
61.2 
64.2 
63.5 
61.1 
59.3 
59.4 
54.4 

53.1 
52.1 
54.7 
52.7 
56.9 
60.6 
64.1 
63.2 
60.8 
58.9 
59.9 
54.4 

53.1 
62.2 
54.5 
52.8 
56.7 
60.7 
64.4 
63.1 
60.9 
58.6 
58.8 
54.4 

52.6 
52.3 
54.9 
51.1 
57.9 
61.5 
65.3 
63.9 
62.1 
58.8 
59.0 
53.9 

53.2 
54.0 
56.7 
56.5 
59.1 
62.6 
66.5 
65.3 
64.7 
61.3 
61.4 
55.0 

55.8 
57.6 
59.5 
58.1 
00.7 
64.0 
68.0 
66.5 
66.6 
63.3 
64.1 
58.7 

58.8 
60.0 
61.4 
59.5 
62.1 
65.7 
69.5 
68.0 
68.7 
65.5 
67.4 
63.2 

May 

July 

Year 

60.1 

59.6 

59.1 

58.8 

58.5 

58.2 

57.9 

57.6 

57.5 

58.0 

59.7 

61.9 

64.2 

1900. 

2* 

3k 

4h 

5k 

6* 

7h 

8k 

9k 

10k 

Ilk 

Mid. 

Mean. 

Mean 
max. 

Mean 
min. 

60.6 

62.1 
62.4 
60.2 
62.6 
66.4 
69.9. 
68.4 
69.3 
66.5 
69.5 
65.5 

62.3 
63.4 
63.6 
60.9 
63.7 
67.3 
70.7 
68.6 
69.9 
67.1 
70.0 
67.0 

62.4 
63.3 
63.4 
60.9 
64.3 
67.2 
70.9 
68.7 
70.1 
67.2 
69.6 
67.2 

62.5 
63.6 
63.3 
60.5 
64.5 
67.1 
70.6 
68.8 
70.1 
67.2 
69.9 
66.6 

62.3 
63.2 
63.2 
60.8 
64.4 
66.9 
70.3 
68.6 
69.7 
66.9 
69.5 
66.8 

61.5 
62.4 
62.7 
60.1 
63.8 
66.6 
69.7 
68.0 
69.0 
66.2 
68.7 
65.7 

60.3 
61.3 
62.0 
59.3 
63.8 
65.8 
69.0 
67.5 
68.3 
65.0 
66.7 
63.7 

59.4 
59.8 
60.9 
58.6 
62.8 
65.4 
68.3 
66.4 
66.9 
64.2 
64.9 
61.9 

58.5 
58.6 
60.0 
57.8 
61.6 
64.6 
67.1 
65.4 
65.9 
63.5 
63.7 
60.3 

57.3 
57.0 
59.5 
57.3 
60.7 
63.8 
66.4 
64.9 
65.0 
62.9 
62.8 
59.0 

56.5 
55.9 
58.8 
56.8 
60.2 
63.3 
66.2 
64.6 
64.3 
62.1 
61.9 
58.1 

57.1 
57.2 
59.1 
57.1 
60.6 
63.9 
CT.l 
65.7 
65.3 
62.8 
63.7 
59.7 

63.7 
64.6 
64.5 
61.7 
65.5 
68.8 
71.7 
70.0 
71.1 
68.3 
72.1 
68.5 

51.8 
50.7 
54.0 
52.0 
56.3 
60.1 
63.5 
62.5 
60.1 
57.9 
57.2 
52.3 

February  

April  

May 

June  

July 

August  

October  

December  

Year 

65.3 

66.2 

66.3 

66.2 

66.0 

65.4 

64.4 

63.3 

62.2 

61.4 

60.7 

61.6 

67.5 

56.5 

SUNSHINE  FOR   THE  YEARS  1898,  1899,  AND  1900. 
[N.  lat.  32°  43'.] 


Percentage  of  sunshine  recorded  during  hours  ending  (local  time)  — 

Total 
(hours). 

Per- 
centage 
of  pos- 
sible. 

5k 

a.m. 

6k 

7k 

8k 

9k 

10k 

Ilk 

Noon. 

lk 

2k 

3k 

4k 

5k 

6k 

7k 

8' 

1898. 

74 
46 
63 
38 
31 
22 
18 
36 
49 
37 
81 
76 

66 
51 
60 
41 
35 
26 
30 
33 
61 
37 
80 
73 

64 
65 
64 
56 
44 
31 
53 
67 
71 
50 
88 
74 

73 

68 
71 
64 
56 
51 
66 
84 
78 

>     71 
93 
76 

75 
76 
78 
71 
66 
76 
77 
92 
Bfl 
89 
96 
79 

70 
86 
85 
76 
73 
87 
91 
% 
93 
93 
97 
82 

7o 

87 
84 
.76 
77 
87 
93 
98 
96 
90 
92 
80 

72 
85 

85 
86 
83 
84 
93 
97 
95 
96 
93 
84 

74 
79 
81 
83 
82 
86 
93 
96 
95 
94 
95 
80 

71 
82 
75 
80 
76 
80 
90 
98 
94 
89 
94 
76 

60 
75 
70 
74 
72 
70 
83 
95 
91 
82 
93 
73 

60 
70 
71 
62 
63 
59 
80 
83 
88 
81 
88 
100 

921.5 
229,6 
276.4 
255.2 
260.4 
248.4 
299.6 
317.9 
306.5 
268.7 
287.2 
241.7 

70 
74 
74 
65 
00 
58 
69 
77 

a 

76 
91 
78 

February  

89 
35 
32 
20 
17 
31 
54 
67 

85 
52 
57 
40 
71 
41 
93 

80 
33 
68 

April  

May  

47 
21 
29 

July  

August  

September  

October  

November  

December  

97 

345 

571 
48 

593 
49 

727 
61 

851 
71 

961 
80 

1,027 

si; 

1,039 
87 

1,053 
88 

1,038 
86 

1,005 
84 

938 
78 

905 
75 

439 

181 

3,913.1 
326.1 

875 
73 

Percentage  of  pos- 
sible   

CLIMATE    OF   SOUTHEKN    COAST. 


91 


SUNSHINE  FOR  THE  YEABS  1898,  1899,  AND  1900 — Continued. 

[N.  lat  32°  43'.] 


Percentage  of  sunshine  recorded  during  hours  ending  (local  time)  — 

Total 
(hours). 

Per- 
centage 
of  pos- 
sible. 

» 
a.m. 

6» 

7» 

8* 

9' 

10* 

11' 

Noon. 

1' 

2» 

3» 

4*         5* 

6»        7» 

8* 

1899. 
JftTmmy  

22 
47 
49 
37 
28 
9 
16 
17 
19 
44 
60 
68 

64 
54 
52 
40 
31 
24 
37 
36 
28 
54 
59 
68 

65 
63 
60 
54 
47 
42 
68 
74 
50 
60 
68 
77 

75 
79 
66 
70 
66 
52 
77 
91 
65 
72 
59 
I 

75 
79 
79 
89 
74 
66 
90 
94 
80 
78 
70 
78 

79 

88 
86 
86 
-- 
70 
90 
96 
88 
78 
81 
79 

80 
88 
89 
90 
87 
74 
90 
96 
90 
79 
83 
79 

83 
89 

86 
91 
90 
74 
97 
97 
91 
80 
M 
75 

85 
88 
89 
86 
89 
78 
97 
97 
91 
81 
77 
79 

S 

90 
84 
86 
77 
95 
95 
89 
82 
76 
74 

81 
79 
85 
84 
76 
72 
92 
90 
87 
81 
69 
69 

81 
78 
79 
64 
56 
64 
82 
--• 
81 
80 
75 
18 

245.4 
241.0 
284.7 
277.6 
274.8 
227.6 
323.4 
324.4 
262.4 
253.8 
223.6 
235.6 

77 

78 
76 

n 

64 
53 
74 

78 
71 
72 
71 
76 

February  

i 

March  

22 
40 
28 
10 
7 
17 
21 
0 

60 
57 
51 
38 
87 
87 
87 

April 

Mav     

20 
11 
0 

0 
37 
86 

July            

October  

November  

December        

Sum 

31 

145 

416 
35 

547 
46 

718 
60 

852 
71 

952 
79 

1,003 

84 

1,025 

• 

1,037 
86 

1,037 
86 

1,016 
85 

965 
80 

847 

n 

467 

123 

3,174.3 
264.5 

S61 
72 

Percentage  of  pos- 
sible 

1900. 
January 

0 

68 
42 
50 

_•- 
5 
16 
15 
43 
42 
49 
84 

47 
70 
48 
53 
41 
15 
27 
21 
48 
45 
47 
77 

51 
75 
52 
62 
42 
32 
53 
42 
54 
48 
71 
90 

64 
84 
61 
79 
62 
44 
81 
62 
80 
60 

95 

-j 
•; 
66 
76 
74 
57 
85 
85 
80 
72 
78 
92 

80 
91 

n 

79 
82 
70 
90 
95 
83 
83 
82 
90 

81 
90 
79 
77 
80 
72 
.  96 
92 
--. 
85 
80 
94 

84 
92 
84 
78 
84 
74 
95 
92 
89 
85 
83 
92 

79 
96 
81 
79 
92 
74 
96 
89 
90 
82 
82 
96 

74 
92 
75 
72 
87 
74 
92 
86 
-- 
86 
70 
93 

65 
79 
64 
68 
76 
72 
88 
80 
87 
83 
60 
90 

60 
72 
61 
66 
71 
60 
79 
73 
87 
83 
100 
100 

224.7 
262.1 
244.2 
269.1 
280.7 
215.3 
306.9 
272.0 
282.1 
248.8 
226.3 
282.1 

n 

85 
66 
69 
65 
50 
70 
66 
76 
71 
72 
91 

pphnwrv 

March 

44 

57 
27 
4 
13 
11 
33 
67 

68 
57 
68 
53 
66 
53 
100 

.... 

April  

Mav 

7 

4 
0 

100 
56 
64 

June  

July 

\iigint 

October. 

November  

December 

11 

256 

442 
37 

539 
45 

672 
56 

849       941 

71        78 

996 
83 

1,015   1,032  1,036      989      912 
85         86         86         82         76 

912 
76 

465 

220 

3,113.1              852 
259.4                 71 

Percentage  of  pos- 
sible 

EXCESSIVE  PRECIPITATION. 


Total  duration. 

'I'Mlill  Illllllllllt  Of 

1  .n  vi  |  >  i  t  a  1  1  o  n 
i  inched). 

Excessive  rate. 

\n  1  before 
uxcuHHivc  rule 

In  IMII  '  Inch,  - 

Accumulated  depths  of  precipitation  (in  inches)  during 
periods  of  time  indicated. 

Stations  and  dates. 
From  — 

To- 

Began— 

Ended— 

d 

a 

10 

a 

a 
g 

§ 

c 
E 

O 

e 
I 

1C 

20  min 

25  mill 

1 
8 

1 

3 

40  min 

E 

•'i  mill 

0 

= 
§ 

80  mill 

San  Diego.  Cal.: 
Jan.10,1899  6.05p.m. 

1 

11.59p.m. 

1.20 

10.  50  p.m. 

11.30p.m. 

0.50 

0.15 

0.26 

0.290.37 

1 

0.400.46 

0.55 

0.60 

0.62 

0.65 

0.70 

CLIMATOLOGY  OF  THE  GREAT  VALLEY. 


RED  BLUFF. 
Data  by  Mr.  MAURICE  COXXELL,  Observer,  Weather  Bureau. 

Red  Bluff  is  the  county  seat  of  Tehama  County,  at  the  northern  end  of  the  Sacramento  Valley. 
The  city  is  situated  on  the  western  bank  of  the  Sacramento  River,  the  average  elevation  above 
sea  level  being  309  feet,  and  is  in  latitude  40°  10'  north,  longitude  122°  14'  west.  The  land 
slopes  gently  to  the  river,  and  within  a  radius  of  5  miles  the  country  is  comparatively  flat. 
The  general  movement  of  the  air  is  from  the  north  and  northeast  into  the  valley  from  the 
mountains  on  the  north  and  east.  During  the  summer  months,  however,  there  is  a  well- 
marked  southerly  movement  of  the  air,  which  is  in  part  due  to  the  strong  westerly  indraft 
through  the  Golden  Gate  and  its  subsequent  deflection  northward  through  the  valley.  The 
highest  temperature  recorded  is  114°  and  the  lowest  18°.  The  average  annual  precipitation  is 
25.56  inches. 

MOXTHLY   AXD   AXXCAL   MEAX    TEMPERATCRE    (DEGREES   F.). 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov.   i    Dec. 

Annual. 

1878 

47.3 

50.2 

55.5 

60.4 

67.4 

81.0 

81.6 

83.2 

72.9 

65.4 

55.6        47.4 

64.0 

1879 

44.6 

53.6 

57.0 

6L3 

62.5 

78.7 

81.6 

83.4 

77.2 

64.0 

51.0        44.6 

63.3 

1880  

44.5 

46.5 

49.7 

55.8 

64.1 

73.9 

83.4 

77.4 

74.7 

65.3 

50.0         49.4 

61.2 

1881 

50.0 

53.0 

55.6 

63.6 

69.3 

72.8 

787 

76.4 

71.5 

57.5 

51.0         45.9 

62.1 

1882           .  ..            

44.1 

44.4 

52.5 

56.6 

67.4 

75.6 

84.3 

81.2 

60.3 

58.3 

51.  3         47.  5 

60.2 

1883 

41.2 

45.1 

58.3 

56.3 

64.3 

80.3 

84.9 

79.9 

75.4 

57.7 

50.  6         44.  4 

61.5 

l&M                              

46.2 

45.9 

51.6 

56.8 

68.0 

69.6 

78.4 

81.5 

67.3 

62.1 

54.  7         47.  5 

60.8 

1885 

47.5 

53  5 

61.0 

62.1 

70.4 

71.6 

80.7 

83.8 

74.8 

65.6 

52.7         49.3 

64.4 

1886 

46.2 

54.5 

52.8 

57.7 

66.9 

79.1 

82.6 

81.5 

75.6 

60.7 

51.3         50.0 

63.2 

1887 

48  7 

43  4 

58  9 

60.2 

.  -  - 

77.1 

85.9 

81.3 

76.4 

71.1 

55.2         48.2 

64.4 

188$ 

40.9 

53.9 

54.5 

67.0 

68.1 

70.7 

80.9 

83.7 

81.2 

68.2 

54.8        48.3 

64.5 

1889  

45.8 

51.6 

56.8 

61.0 

66.8 

80.0 

81.3 

80.0 

76.0 

61.4 

54.4        44.8 

63.3 

1890 

39.2 

45.2 

50.8 

60.3 

67.6 

72.6 

80.4 

79.5 

74.4 

65.0 

57.9        45.0 

61.5 

1891  

48.5 

44.4 

55.0 

57.8 

66.3 

72.2 

82.6 

83.1 

72.9 

66.0 

56.8        42.5 

62.4 

1892 

47  1 

53.0 

56.0 

54.1 

65.6 

71.8 

78.7 

80.4 

-    | 

63.5 

56.1        47.6 

62.2 

1893  

43.2 

46.8 

49.8 

54.6 

65.8 

73.4 

80.4 

81.0 

67.5 

61.4 

53.5  i      50.2 

60.6 

1X94 

42  4 

45  3 

51.5 

61.4 

66.8 

69.1 

83.0 

82.0 

74.8 

63.9 

59.0  '      45.0 

62.0 

1895                 

43.8 

52.8 

52.8 

59.1 

66.2 

78.2 

80.0 

81.2 

68.5 

67.0 

53.6  i      43.4 

62.2 

1S96 

48  8 

53  2 

53.8 

52.2 

61.0 

77.4 

85.3 

78.8 

72.8 

67.2 

50.8        49.0 

62.5 

1897  

45.8 

47  n 

54.4 

63.2 

72.6 

74.0 

82.1 

80.2 

72.6 

62.9 

49.7        46.0 

62.0 

189$ 

42.4 

51  0 

59  2 

M,4 

63.6 

75  4 

83.1 

81  3 

72.6 

64.3 

53.6        45.7 

62.5 

1899  

48  8 

51.6 

52.2 

60.8 

63.2 

77.9 

82.0 

73.8 

78.0 

61.0 

54.  4         45.  5 

62,4 

1900. 

.-  - 

51  1 

58  6 

57.6 

67  0 

76  8 

82.6 

77  0 

69  9 

60  0 

54.8  1      45.4 

62.5 

Means  ("23  vears) 

45  3 

49  4 

548 

59.2 

66  6 

75  1 

81  9 

80  9 

72.8 

63.5 

53.  6         46.  6 

62.4 

93 


94 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 

SUMMARY  OF  MONTHLY  MEANS  AND  EXTREMES  OP  TEMPERATURE. 


Month. 

Highest 
monthly  mean. 

Lowest 
monthly  mean. 

Absolute 
maximum. 

Absolute 
minimum. 

Mean 
daily 
range. 

Mean 
daily 
varia- 
bility 
of  mean 
temper- 
ature. 

Mean 
relative 
humidity 
at  5  a.m. 

Mean 
relative 
humidity 
at  5  p.m. 

Tem- 
pera- 
ture. 

Date. 

Tem- 
pera- 
ture. 

Date. 

Tem- 
pera- 
ture. 

Date. 
/ 

Tem- 
pera- 
ture. 

Date. 

50.0 
54.5 
61.0 
67.0 
72.6 
81.0 
86.9 
83.8 
81.2 
71.1 
59.0 
50.2 

1881 
1886 
1885 
1888 
1897 
1878 
1887 
1885 
1888 
1887 
1894 
1893 

39.2 
43.4 
49.7 
54.1 
61.0 
69.6 
78.4 
73.8 
60.3 
57.5 
49.7 
42.5 

1890 
1887 
1880 
1892 
1896 
1884 
1884 
1889 
1882 
1881 
1897 
1891 

77.0 
82.0 
86.0 
96.0 
110.0 
110.0 
112.0 
114.0 
107.0 
97.0 
88.0 
79.0 

27,  1899 
25,1888 
9,  1892 
24,  1898 
29,  1887 
30,  1891 
8,1887 
22,  1891 
1,1891 
5,1892 
3,1890 
5,1885 

18.0 
22.0 
28.0 
34.0 
38.0 
44.0 
53  0 
52.0 
46.0 
32.0 
26.0 
25.0 

14,1888 
14,1884 
16,  1880 
18,1885 
11,  1892 
1,  1898 
1,1881 
22,1881 
9,1884 
14,  1881 
30,1880 
13,  1884 

15.6 
18.9 
19.2 
22.2 
24.1 
27.1 
30.5 
30.6 
26.7 
24.6 
21.4 
13.4 

3.6 
3.1 
3.0 
3.3 
39 
3.5 
3.2 
3.0 
3.2 
3.3 
3.5 
3.5 

Per  cent. 
87.0 
82  0 
82.0 
76.0 
71.0 
69.0 
49.0 
49.0 
67.0 
67.0 
75.0 
87.0 

Per  cent. 
68.0 
56.0 
53.0 
43.0 
38.0 
26.0 
18.0 
20.0 
28.0 
38.0 
.55.0 
70.0 

February  

April 

May..  . 

July 

September 

November 

December  

Annual  

85.9 



39.2 



114.0 

18.0    

22.8 

3.3 

70.0 

43.0 

PRECIPITATION  EXCEEDING  2.50  INCHES  IN  ANY  CONSECUTIVE  24  HOURS. 


Inches. 

Inches. 

Inches. 

January  16,  1878  

5.11 

December  14  1881 

2  89 

December  15  18% 

2  64 

Decembers,  1879  

5.04 

November  3,  1882  

2.88 

January  10  1899 

4  04 

January  29  1881 

3  25 

4  73 

MONTHLY  AND  ANNUAL  PRECIPITATION  (INCHES  AND  HUNDREDTHS). 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1878 

20.71 

16  66 

4  16 

2  26 

0  89 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  49 

1  56 

1  66 

1879  

3.18 

3.67 

5.39 

2.12 

2  18 

0  30 

0  04 

0  28 

T 

0  48 

6  05 

9  95 

1880 

2.01 

1.66 

1  70 

7  05 

1  04 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  08 

1881  

9.40 

2.79 

0.51 

1  83 

0  79 

0  51 

T 

0  00 

1  07 

1  61 

0  73 

5  69 

1882. 

2  81 

3  94 

2  67 

2  12 

0  33 

0  15 

0  00 

0  00 

0  49 

2  80 

5  07 

1883  

0.87 

0.39 

2.60 

1  96 

2  96 

T 

0  00 

T 

1  04 

2  68 

0  74 

0  52 

1884 

3  55 

2  21 

7  81 

4  31 

0  18 

0  97 

0  00 

T 

0  36 

1885  .'  

1.84 

1.19 

T 

0  62 

0  64 

1  37 

0  05 

0  00 

2  91 

0  10 

17  05 

3  86 

1886 

4  85 

0  18 

1  31 

4  12 

0  73 

T 

T 

T 

0  00 

1  76 

1887  .       .      

0.57 

5  21 

1  13 

1  76 

0  77 

0  26 

T 

T 

0  06 

0  00 

1  52 

1&88 

4  08 

2  17 

3  47 

0  53 

0  51 

2  61 

0  07 

0  00 

0  33 

T 

1889. 

0.51 

0.71 

6  83 

1  11 

2  04 

0  64 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

8  41 

3  37 

9  25 

1890  

6.56 

3.67 

6.14 

1  70 

2  67 

0  11 

0  00 

0  00 

1  65 

0  01 

0  00 

3  20 

1891  . 

1  36 

10  68 

1  42 

2  27 

1  50 

0  55 

0  17 

0  00 

0  19 

0  64 

1892 

4  30 

3  11 

2  69 

2  92 

3  02 

0  27 

T 

T 

1893  .  .  . 

3  82 

3  22 

6  08 

1  42 

0  61 

0  00 

0  03 

0  00 

1  23 

1  09 

1894 

5  29 

2  30 

2  40 

0  55 

1  46 

1  00 

0  02 

T 

1895 

8  29 

2  86 

2  59 

0  34 

1  65 

0  00 

0  16 

0  00 

1  76 

T 

1896 

7  30 

0  27 

3  06 

3  67 

T 

1897 

3  22 

6  26 

1  99 

1  22 

0  06 

1  25 

0  00 

T 

1898  

0.59 

5  45 

0  01 

0  63 

2  28 

0  14 

0  00 

T 

0  45 

0  46 

1  21 

1  69 

1899 

9  29 

0  01 

6  22 

0  72 

0  69 

0  94 

0  00 

1900  

4  61 

1  62 

2  38 

2  69 

1  18 

0  94 

0  00 

0  05 

0  °1 

3  25 

3  23 

2  07 

21  77 

Average  (23  years)  . 

4.72 

3  48 

3  15 

2  08 

1  33 

0  51 

0  02 

0  04 

0  65 

1  48 

2  % 

5  26 

25  40 

CLIMATOLOGY    OF   THE    GREAT   VALLEY. 


95 


GREATEST  AMOUNT  OF  PRECIPITATION  (INCHES  AND  HUNDBEDTHS)  IN  TWENTY-FOUR  HOURS. 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nor. 

Dec. 

Greatest 
annual. 

1878                  

^5.11 

2.41 

0.96 

0.76 

0.40 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.22 

1.38 

1.20 

0.45 

5.11 

1879 

1.54 

1.36 

1.55 

0  43 

0  58 

0.30 

0.03 

0.28 

0.00 

0.23 

1.68 

5.04 

5.04 

1880                         

0.94 

0.41 

0.78 

2.03 

0.50 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.08 

0.10 

1.84 

2.03 

1881  

3.25 

0.45 

0.27 

0.56 

0.70 

0.44 

0.00 

0.00 

0.74 

0.68 

0.33 

2.89 

3.25 

1882                         

0.91 

1.38 

0.99 

1.03 

0.26 

0.13 

0.00 

0.00 

0.37 

1.05 

2.88 

0.62 

2.88 

1883 

0  76 

0.39 

1  14 

1  72 

1  10 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1.04 

1.03 

0.43 

0.40 

1.72 

1884                                

1.12 

1.06 

2.17 

1  47 

0.14 

0.56 

0.00 

T. 

0.17 

0.68 

0.04 

2.00 

2.17 

1885 

0  63 

0  45 

0  22 

0  58 

0  71 

0  05 

0  00 

2.91 

0.06 

4.73 

1.83 

4  73 

1886 

1.89 

0.18 

0.43 

1  01 

0.22 

T. 

T. 

T. 

0.00 

1.35 

0.21 

1.81 

1.89 

1887  

0.30 

1.59 

0.62 

0.82 

0.39 

0.14 

T 

T. 

0.06 

0.00 

0.77 

0.83 

1.59 

1888 

0  66 

0.96 

1.25 

0  53 

0  15 

0  84 

0  04 

T 

0.33 

T. 

1.61 

1.43 

1.61 

1889                

0.16 

0.45 

1.95 

0.31 

0.85 

0.58 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.70 

1.70 

1.83 

1.95 

1890 

2.02 

1.16 

1.71 

1  51 

1  67 

0  06 

0  00 

0  00 

1.40 

0.01 

0  00 

1  48 

2  02 

1891 

0.92 

3.80 

0.56 

0.82 

0  48 

0.32 

0.16 

0.00 

0.10 

0.44 

0.19 

0.81 

3.80 

1892  

1.44 

1.36 

0.91 

1.12 

1.56 

0.22 

T. 

T. 

0.29 

0.72 

2.30 

1.79 

2.30 

1893 

1.89 

1.40 

1.20 

0  65 

0  26 

0  00 

0  03 

0.00 

0.81 

0.96 

1.85 

0.85 

1.89 

1894  

2.00 

0.86 

0.85 

0.41 

0  55 

0.45 

0.02 

T. 

1.11 

0.38 

0.91 

1.70 

2.00 

1895 

2  36 

1  70 

1  05 

0  16 

1  06 

T 

0  10 

T 

0  96 

T 

0  75 

1.26 

2  36 

1896           

1.38 

0.17 

0.58 

1.80 

0  77 

T 

0.00 

0.54 

0.58 

0.61 

1.36 

2.64 

2.64 

1897  

1.04 

1.12 

0.90 

0.83 

0.04 

0.70 

0.00 

T. 

0.02 

1.08 

1.00 

0.93 

1.04 

1898 

0.25 

1.54 

0.01 

0  41 

1  09 

0  12 

0  00 

T 

0.20 

0.23 

0.58 

0  92 

1.54 

1899  

4.04 

0.01 

1.56 

0.48 

0.34 

0.79 

0.00 

0.02 

0.00 

1.02 

1.00 

1.54 

4.04 

1900 

1  58 

0.69 

0  83 

0  90 

0  43 

0  54 

0  00 

0  05 

0  14 

0  88 

1  76 

1  25 

1  58 

Greatest  monthly  .  . 

5  11 

3  80 

2.17 

2  03 

1  67 

0  84 

0  10 

0  54 

2  91 

1  70 

4  73 

5  04 



WEATHER. 


Month. 

Average  number  of  — 

Mean 
cloudi- 

:.•  --. 

Month. 

Average  number  of  — 

Mean 
cloudi- 
ness. 

Clear 
days. 

Partly 
cloudy 
days. 

Cloudy 
days. 

Rainy 
days. 

Clear 
days. 

Partly 
cloudy 
days. 

Cloudy 
days. 

Rainy 
days. 

January  

11 
12 
13 
13 
17 
23 
28 

10 
9 
10 
11 
9 
6 
3 

10 

7 
8 
6 
5 
1 
0 

11 
9 
11 
8 
6 
4 
1 

5.0 
4.4 
4.6 
4.1 
3.5 
2.1 
0.5 

28 
24 
21 
17 
11 

_ 
5 
7 
7 
9 

1 
1 

3 
6 
11 

0 
3 

4 
6 
12 

0.9 
1.7 
2.6 
4.0 
5.5 

March  

October 

\pril 

Mav 

Julv 

218 

88 

59 

75 

3.3 

NUMBER  OF  DAYS  WITH  THUNDERSTORMS. 


Year. 

o 

US 
*-s 

.a 

£ 

1 

* 

x 

as 
& 

cj 

*-9 

>, 

3 
»-* 

If 

<: 

t 
J. 

.j 

CJ 

: 

| 

| 

i 

Year. 

«-» 

.a 

• 

i. 

z 

h 

- 

>, 

- 

& 

® 

= 

•^ 

x 

••» 

1 

1 

i 

* 

c5 

1 

i 

e 

1884  

? 

1 

, 

f 

l 

7 

1893... 

1 

1 

1 

1885 

1 

1 

1 

1 

0 

I 

7 

1894 

2 

1 

1886  

1 

1 

1 

3 

1895  

1 

1 

1887  

1 

1 

1 

? 

5 

1896  

? 

1 

1 

1888  

1 

? 

? 

1 

4 

10 

1897  

? 

i 

1889      . 

? 

1 

? 

5 

1898... 

? 

1 

? 

1 

1890 

1 

2 

1 

4 

1899 

1 

i 

1891 

1 

1 

? 

1900  

? 

1 

1 

1 

1 

i 

1892 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

\ 

7 

1 

96 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 

ANWAL  METEOROLOGICAL  SUMMARY  FOR  THE  YEARS  1899  AND  1900. 
[\=40°  10'  N.;  «=122°  15'  W.;  gravity  corr.,  -0.01.] 


Month. 

Pressure. 

Temperature. 

Moisture. 

Monthly  mean. 

KxtrenwH. 

Mean. 

Extremes. 

Dew- 
point. 

Rela- 
tive hu- 
midity. 

Vapor 
pressure. 

Precipita- 
tion. 

Cloudiness. 

Maximum. 

Minimum. 

8  a.  m. 

a 

d 

00 

Maximum. 

Minimum. 

Monthly. 

Maximum. 

Minimum. 

a 

d 
00 

o 
38 
32 

•to 

•14 
58 
44 
45 
•11 
39 
40 
47 
38 

a 
d 

00 
0 

38 
30 
40 
44 
87 
40 
43 
43 
37 
39 
60 
40 

40 

£ 
a 

00 

i 

82 
66 
81 
79 
64 
60 
46 
62 
42 
66 
M 

SK) 
68 

a 

Q. 
00 

t 

65 
84 
56 
43 
30 
21 
Hi 
24 
16 
42 
76 
75 

42 

a 

a 

00 

a 

d 

GO 

I 

Maximum  in 
24  hours. 

a 

d 

40 

a 

d 

CO 

6.2 
4.1 

5.5 
4.1 
4,3 
1.1 
0.3 
2.2 
1.0 
4.2 
6.7 
4.8 

a 

* 
*>. 

& 

6.0 
3.0 
5.9 
3.4 
3.6 
1.2 
0.4 
1.6 
0.8 
3.6 
6.9 
6.7 

1899. 

7/1, 
29.78 
29.79 
29.66 
29.63 
29.  60 
29.  62 
29.48 
29.50 
29.57 
29.61 
29.67 
29.78 

In. 
30.03 
30.16 
SO.  09 
29.80 
29.84 
29.67 
29.  63 
29.61 
29.69 
29.91 
29.90 
80.17 

In. 

28.89 
29.31 
29.27 
29.35 
29.37 
29.33 
29.  81 
29.  33 
29.40 
29.11 
29.29 
29.34 

0 

13.  9 
43.4 
45.  7 
ftO.7 
53.0 
65.3 
67.7 
(12.  7 
61.  0 
63.2 
49.5 
41.1 

0 

53.7 
60.2 
68.6 
69.9 
72.8 
89.7 
97.1 
86.3 
92.3 
68.7 
58.0 
49.1 

o 
66.2 
62.0 
60.7 
72.2 
74.5 
91.6 
98.2 
87:3 
93.8 
71.4 
60.8 
62.5 

0 

41.4 
41.1 
43.6 
49.4 
61.8 
64.2 
65.9 
60.4 
62.2 
50.7 
48.0 
38.5 

o 
48.8 
51.6 
52.2 
60.8 
68.2 
77.9 
82.0 
73.8 
78.0 
61.0 
54.4 
46.5 

0 

77 
79 
75 
87 
»(> 
107 
109 
100 
KHi 
94 
73 
70 

0 

30 
26 
36 
39 
38 
61 
60 
55 
53 
42 
41 
27 

In. 
0.231 
0.185 
0.250 
0.291 
0.252 
0.294 
0.304 
0.297 
0.  246 
0.250 
0.327 
0.233 

In. 
0.236 
0.173 
0.261 
0.310 
0.226 
0.261 
0.  282 
0.288 
0.227 
0.248 
0.862 
0.254 

In. 
9.29 
0.01 
6.22 
0.72 
0.69 
0.94 
0.00 
0.02 
0.00 
3.02 
4.08 
3.80 

In. 
4.04 
0.01 
1.56 
0.48 
0.34 
0.79 
0.00 
0.02 
0.  (K) 
1.02 
1.00 
1.54 

4.6 
1.6 
5.3 
2.2 
2.8 
1.3 
0.2 
0.9 
0.6 
3.1 
5.9 
3.4 

February  
March  

April 

May  

July  
August  
September  
October  

November  
December  

Year  

1900. 
January  

29.  63 

80.17 

•JS.  S'.l 

53.4 

71.4 

78.4 

r.i.  i 

62.4 

109 

26 

41 

o.  -M:\ 

«.-M] 

28.79 

4.04 

2.7 

3.7 

3.5 

29.78 
29.77 
29.  62 
29.59 
29.68 
29.61 
29.44 
29.51 
29.55 
29.  61 
29.67 
29.84 

29.  119 
30.02 
29.  93 
29.78 
29.75 
29.73 
29.70 
29.76 
29.83 
29.89 
29.99 
29.99 

29.45 
29.47 
29.40 
29.33 
29.37 
29.35 
29.  23 
29.  26 
29.26 
29.30 
29.00 
29.58 

49.9 
45.1 
50.1 
49.2 
66.6 
64.5 
68.6 
66.2 
60.4 
61.6 
47.7 
41.8 

52.6 
58.2 
67.4 
66.8 
76.  7 
87.9 
96.8 
88.9 
79.5 
67.8 
60.6 
49.2 

54.4 
59.6 
68.6 
67.9 
78.5 
90.4 
98.2 
90.6 
81.2 
69.9 
64.1 
61.4 

43.2 
42.7 
48.6 
47.3 
56.4 
63.  1 
67.0 
63.5 
68.6 
60.1 
46.4 
39.5 

48.8 
51.1 
58.6 
57.6 
67.0 
76.8 
82.6 
77.0 
69.9 
60.0 
54.8 
45.4 

69 
73 
84 
84 
92 
104 
109 
104 
100 
87 
82 
«7 

33 
85 
38 
39 
46 
53 
60 
56 
52 
10 
38 
29 

29 

43 
40 
42 
41 
45 
50 
48 
46 
45 
46 
44 
:;'.i 

45 
42 
45 
40 
42 
49 
46 
i:: 
40 
46 
48 
42 

93 
83 
78 
76 
69 
60 
48 
53 
61 
83 
90 
92 

78 
60 
50 
43 
34 
M 
18 
22 
28 
49 
66 
78 

0.277 
0.248 
0.278 
0.261 
o.  :im 
0.363 
0.334 
0.316 
0.315 
0.314 
0.295 
0.244 

0.303 
0.275 
0.314 
0.259 
0.279 
0.356 
0.303 
0.281 
0.266 
0.316 
0.338 
0.  269 

4.15 
1.62 
2.38 
2.69 
1.18 
0.94 
0.00 
0.  05 
0.21 
3.26 
3.23 
2.07 

1.58 
0.  69 
0.83 
0.90 
0.43 
0.54 

4.6 

2.8 
3.8 
2.7 
3.6 
2.0 
0.3 
0.6 
3.3 
2.8 
4.1 
4.2 

4.2 
6.2 

4.8 
4.4 
4.3 
3.0 
0.5 
1.4 
2.4 
4.0 
5.2 
3.9 

6.6 
4.9 
4.2 
3.8 

3.9 
2.2 
0.3 
1.0 
2.3 
3.8 
5.1 
6.3 

March  

April. 

May  

June  .. 

July  

0.06 
0.14 
0.88 
1.76 
1.25 

September  
October  

November  
December  

Year  

29.  62 

30.02 

29.00 

53.8 

71.0 

72.9 

52.0 

62.5 

109 

44 

44 

74 

46 

0.296 

0.297 

21.77 

1.76 

2.9 

3.6 

3.7 

DATES  OF  FIRST  AND  LAST  KILLING  FROSTS  FROM  1882  TO  1899,  INCLUSIVE. 


Year 

Last  in 
spring. 

First  in 
nutiimn. 

Year. 

Last  in 

spring. 

First  in 

.iiiiuiiiii. 

Year. 

Last  in 

spring. 

First  in 
autumn. 

1882  

Mar.  20 

Nov.  12 

1889 

Feb    17 

Dec    27 

1895 

Mar    14 

Nov    25 

1883  

Feb.  17 

Nov.  25 

1890  

Feb.  27 

Dec    10 

1896 

Apr    19 

Nov    28 

1884  v.. 

Mar.  11 

Dec.  11 

1891 

Feb    25 

ls<  17 

Mar    30 

1885  

Feb.     9 

Dec.  21 

1892  

Feb     9 

Nov    24 

1898 

Mar    '4 

Vov    '*0 

1886  

Mnr.    1 

Nov.  21 

1893 

Mar    13 

Nov    19 

1899 

Feb     7 

Dec    19 

1887  

Feb.  27 

Nov.  24 

1894  

Mar     4 

Nov    23 

1'XX) 

Dec    tJ9 

1888  

Mar.    3 

Dec.     6 

CLIMATOLOGY    OK   THE    GREAT    VALLEY. 
ANNUAL  METEOROLOGICAL  SUMMARY  FOR  THE  YEAKK  1899  AXI>  1900 — Continued. 

[H  -  332  ft.;  h,  =  54  ft.:  b,  =  44  ft.;  h.  =  58  ft.) 


97 


Month. 

Wind. 

Number  of  day>. 

Bf  lelf-regtoten. 

Number  of  wind*.  8  a.  m.  and  8  p.  m. 

jj 

8 

| 

X 

Precipi- 
tation. 

i 

i 

i 

Maxi- 
mum 
temp. 

JL 

\ 

h 

a 

3 

a 

i 

Elec- 
tricity. 

? 

•4 

I'revallliiK  direc- 
tion." 

I 

§ 

5 

3 

aft 

36 
34 
36 
34 
30 
34 
24 
24 
M 
42 
34 
34 

Dlrvctlimnt  tim.<  •>[ 
maximum  velocity. 

t,£ 

M 

1 
Z 

Northeast. 

1 

£ 

| 

I 

JZ 

1 

Northweat. 

a 

3 

0.01  Inch  and  over. 

0.04  Inch  and  over. 

k 

o 
I 

Above  90°. 

ThundcrBtomu. 

\ 

1899. 

XOa. 

7.8 
8.6 
8.1 
6.9 
7.5 
7.9 
5.1 
6.1 
5.4 
7.4 
5.4 
J.2 

N. 

N. 
BE. 
N. 
BE. 
N. 
8E. 
BE. 
N. 
N. 
BE. 
SE. 

BE. 
SE. 
SE. 
NW 
8E. 
N. 
N. 
V. 
N. 
BE. 
SE. 
SE. 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

1 

0 
0 

21 
27 
14 
16 
18 
26 
11 
9 
18 
18 
6 
15 

0 
1 
2 
0 

1 

0 
4 
1 
3 

A 

0 

1 

3 
2 
5 
2 
0 
1 
2 
2 
3 
5 

8 

18 
10 
21 
12 
27 
31 
17 
11 
22 
17 

203 

8 
* 
10 
14 

3 
8 
8 
10 
6 
8 
9 
3 

84 

4 

1 
1 
0 
2 

2 
2 
1 
5 
0 
3 

3 
8 
5 

7 
4 
1 

2 
0 

5 
5 

18 
6 
6 
12 
7 
14 
8 
6 
13 
14 
12 
11 

2 

1 

0 
0 

1 

1 

10 
19 

i 

19 
27 
31 
24 
30 
19 
6 
8 

6 
8 
12 
7 
7 
1 
0 
7 
0 
5 
7 
14 

15 
1 
11 
5 
5 
2 
0 
0 
0 
7 
17 
9 

U 
1 
U 

4 
6 
2 
0 
1 
0 
8 
U 
U 

79 

13 
0 
14 
t 
4 
2 
0 
0 
0 
8 
14 
12 

o 
e 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

o 

0 
0 

1 

0 
0 
0 

3 
0 

1 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

1 
11 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

1 

18 
30 
8 

22 
3 
0 
0 

4 
5 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

2 

0 
0 
1 
0 
0 
0 
0 

o 

1 
0 
0 

• 

•• 
• 

March 

April  

May 

June      

July  

•    - 

September  

October 

November  .  . 

Year 

6.8 

BE. 

42      8E.        1   197 

17  !  26 

22     46   127 

8  219 

74 

72 

70       0 

1     16 

0 

82 

11       2 

• 
e 

1900. 

January 

4.6 

• 
7.5 
5.9 
5.2 
4.7 
5.4 
7.3 
6.6 
4.4 
4.4 

SE. 
N. 
S. 
N. 
N. 
SE. 
SE. 
SE. 
N. 
N. 

SE. 

26 
34 
35 
30 
24 
25 
21 
24 
37 
85 
24 
85 

N. 
N. 
BE. 
N. 
N. 
N. 
N. 
N. 

V 

SE. 
BE. 
SE. 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

13 
19 
21 
21 
20 
13 
16 
17 
26 
23 
20 
22 

3 
1 
0 
0 
6 
0 
3 
1 
0 
1 
2 
0 

1 

4 

1 
1 
2 
8 
1 
0 

4 
28 

18 
13 
19 
18 
18 
26 
20 
X 
21 
U 
14 
25 

4 

4 
5 
3 

7 

4 

0 
1 

1 

2 

A 

2 
1 
0 
1 
0 

0 
8 

3 
6 

3 
2 
3 

2 
2 

10 
11 

8 

9 

7 
6 

3 
11 
16 
2 

2 
0 
0 

Q 

2 
3 

6 
12 
15 
18 
17 
22 
31 

21 
18 
14 
9 

9 

5 

7 

5 
0 
2 
7 
4 
6 
6 

17 
8 

7 
7 
7 
3 
0 
0 
2 

10 
16 

12 
9 
7 
10 
5 
4 
0 
1 
2 
9 
10 
9 

| 
5 

8 
& 

4 
0 
1 

2 
8 
8 

8 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 

16 
2 
0 
0 
0 
0 

Q 

0 
0 
0 
2 
14 

0 

0 

o 

0 
0 
0 
0 

o 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 
3 
16 
29 
13 
4 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

2 

0 
2 

1 

0 

1 

0 

1 
1 

0 

1 

0 

March 

April  

May 

J  u  n*' 

July  

September  
October   " 

November  
December  

Year  

5.7 

BE. 

37         N. 

0  231     17 

240 

54 

15     35 

•3 

17 

212 

67 

86 

78 

63 

0 

0 

33 

0 

«5 

2       *       0 

SACRAMENTO. 

Excellent  records  of  temperature  arid  rainfall  are  available  for  the  cit3r  of  Sacramento.  This 
city  may  in  a  climatological  sense  be  called  the  most  representative  city  of  the  great  valley.  San 
Francisco.  Sacramento,  and  Stockton  form  as  it  were  the  three  central  points  of  the  bay  and 
valley  district.  It  will  be  noticed  that  the  mean  annual  temperatures  are  respectively  about  56°, 
60C,  and  60°.  In  other  words  the  valley  cities  have  a  mean  annual  temperature  about  4°  higher 
than  the  coast  city  has.  In  January  the  mean  temperature  of  the  interior  cities  is  nearly  4°  below 
that  of  San  Francisco.  In  March  it  is  slightly  above.  In  April  nearly  4°  above,  which  increase 
continues  until  October.  During  July  there  is  a  difference  of  nearlj-  15°.  While  the  annual 
rainfall  at  San  Francisco  is  23  inches,  that  at  Sacramento  w  19.21  inches,  and  at  Stockton  15.54 
inches.  There  is  thus  a  gradual  decrease  in  the  rainfall  from  the  coast  inland.  December  is  the 
month  of  heaviest  rainfall  at  all  stations  and  August  the  month  of  least  precipitation.  With 
regard  to  the  seasonal  rainfall  it  may  be  stated  that  years  in  which  the  rainfall  is  well  distributed, 
particularly  where  good  rains  fall  in  March  and  April,  are  years  of  large  wheat  yields. 

1176—  Bull.  L— 03 7 


98 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 


The  following  data,  showing  the  temperature  and  weather  conditions  of  Sacramento,  were 
compiled  by  Mr.  J.  A.  Barwick,  of  the  Weather  Bureau,  from  the  records  of  Dr.  T.  A.  Logan; 
Dr.  F.  M.  Hatch;  Mr.  S.  H.  Gerrish;  and  the  Weather  Bureau. 

MEAN  MONTHLY  AND  ANNUAL  TEMPERATURE  (DEGREES  FAHRENHEIT). 


Years. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual 

1853            

43.  0 

50.0 

59.8 

61.0 

88.0 

77.0 

75.0 

71.0 

76.0 

78.0 

53.0 

48  0 

63  3 

1854 

43.0 

51.0 

63.0 

60.0 

62.0 

67.0 

80.6 

69.5 

66.0 

60  0 

55.0 

47  9 

59  5 

1855       .    

43.7 

52.5 

64.8 

58.1 

60.2 

71.1 

72.6 

73.0 

68.0 

63.0 

50.6 

46.0 

59  5 

1856   

48.0 

62.6 

57.0 

58.8 

63.9 

71.1 

75.1 

69.6 

70.9 

58.0 

52.2 

43  9 

60  1 

1857              

48.5 

50.2 

56.4 

63.3 

65.5 

71.9 

71.4 

71.3 

67.9 

61.5 

53.2 

47.4 

60  7 

1858    

45.0 

52.2 

53.7 

59.8 

65.2 

69.4 

70.8 

70.6 

68.9 

59.5 

54.2 

44.5 

59  5 

1859            

44.9 

50.5 

51.5 

57.1 

63.0 

74.8 

69.1 

67.2 

65.9 

63.3 

64.0 

43.5 

587 

I860       

46.2 

49.8 

53.3 

57.8 

58.5 

65.6 

73.2 

73.5 

67.6 

59.8 

63.5 

49.3 

59  0 

1861                  

47.1 

52.2 

55.0 

60.6 

63.7 

66.2 

73.6 

69.7 

67.8 

59.9 

63.6 

60  9 

60  1 

1862       

46.4 

47.5 

53.6 

58.0 

61.2 

69.3 

73.2 

75.0 

70.4 

67.6 

53/2 

46.4 

60  2 

1863   

46.9 

48.0 

57.6 

59.5 

67.1 

69.1 

75.6 

70.7 

69.0 

'  62.8 

52.7 

46.5 

60.4 

1864          

49.2 

53.6 

56.1 

62.1 

68.5 

71.1 

74.8 

74.7 

69.8 

64.5 

63.5 

50.2 

62  8 

1865  

47.4 

49.0 

53.6 

59.4 

70.2 

73.5 

74.0 

71.7 

68.8 

63.1 

56.9 

.44.1 

61.0 

1866       

46.5 

63.5 

54.2 

61.9 

63.1 

72.2 

76.2 

76.0 

72.2 

65.2 

63.8 

50.2 

62  1 

1867 

48.2 

47.8 

60.7 

59.7 

64.4 

70.3 

73.8 

71.7 

68.8 

62  7 

54  8 

46  8 

59  9 

1868        

47.0 

50.5 

55.0 

60.1 

64.2 

69.5 

73.8 

71.2 

68.3 

62.0 

63.9 

47  0 

60  1 

1869 

47.6 

49.9 

53.6 

59.0 

64.2 

70.8 

74.4 

71.3 

69.9 

63  1 

54  0 

46  5 

60  4 

1870            

48.6 

51.1 

53.0 

57.0 

61.0 

69.3 

71.8 

72.6 

68.0 

63.6 

53.4 

45  5 

59  6 

1871     

48.3 

49.4 

56.0 

59.2 

61.5 

70.1 

70.2 

72.0 

67.4 

62.2 

50.2 

48.7 

59  6 

1872 

48.5 

53.3 

66.8 

57.6 

67.0 

69.2 

71.4 

73.1 

68.8 

58.9 

51.2 

49  0 

60  4 

1873     i  

52.7 

48.2 

56.8 

60.0 

67.9 

71.7 

73.2 

66.3 

69.9 

61.4 

57.5 

47.7 

60  7 

1874 

45.7 

49.3 

62.9 

59.5 

64.7 

70.2 

72.8 

70.9 

70.7 

61.7 

63.9 

45  0 

59  8 

1875        

46.9 

52.7 

58.7 

63.0 

68.1 

70.6 

73.3 

72.5 

65.7 

69.9 

56.7 

48.0 

62  2 

1876 

48.8 

50.2 

54.6 

69.5 

65.7 

76.9 

74  0 

72.8 

70.1 

63  5 

53.3 

45  5 

61  2 

1877          ... 

49.1 

55.0 

59.0 

60.2 

'  64.5 

72.5 

75.6 

73.0 

72.3 

62.  1" 

53.5 

47.8 

62  0 

1878 

48.6 

51.0 

56.5 

58.9 

66.6 

72  2 

73  6 

73.7 

68.7 

61.9 

54  3 

46  0 

60  9 

1879 

44.8 

54.4 

57.0 

60.4 

60.8 

72.8 

72.6 

75.6 

71.3 

61.3 

60.8 

43.5 

60  4 

1880 

43.0 

45.7 

49.2 

55.0 

62  0 

67.8 

72  7 

71.1 

69.1 

62  4 

49  3 

50  0 

58  1 

1881 

49.0 

53.5 

55.8 

62.3 

66.6 

68.2 

73.0 

70.4 

68.9 

57.6 

50.2 

46  2 

60  1 

1882  

45.8 

46.5 

53.6 

56.6 

66.0 

69.6 

75.3 

74.1 

•  69.9 

58.8 

49.6 

47.9 

59  4 

1883 

41.8 

45.9 

68.2 

56.6 

63.6 

74.1 

75.7 

74.0 

73.5 

59.0 

51.2 

44  8 

59  9 

1884      

46.8 

47.5 

53.7 

57.6 

65.6 

67.0 

72.7 

74.9 

66.6 

60.8 

56.1 

48.9 

69  8 

1885 

47.8 

64.4 

60.4 

61.3 

67.3 

67  9 

73  0 

75.9 

72.2 

65.6 

64.8 

49  3 

62  5 

1886 

46  2 

54.2 

52  5 

56  8 

63  8 

71  2 

74  3 

74  4 

70  6 

68  8 

50  8 

49  9 

60  3 

1887 

48.6 

44.9 

58.2 

59  2 

63  2 

69  8 

71  4 

69.8 

70.8 

66  5 

54  5 

46  5 

60  3 

1888..        

42.8 

53.0 

53.6 

63.0 

62.7 

68.0 

73.3 

76.8 

75.5 

65.2 

54.2 

48  5 

61  4 

1889 

44  7 

60.2 

57  4 

61  2 

64  2 

70  1 

72  8 

74  0 

71.9 

61  V 

54  2 

48  5 

60  9 

1890       

42.6 

47.4 

52.6 

59.0 

65  4 

67.8 

73  8 

72.8 

70.4 

63.4 

54.8 

43  2 

59  4 

1891 

46  9 

48.2 

56  0 

57  0 

62  7 

69  0 

76  4 

76  1 

69  8 

64  5 

55  9 

44  2 

60  6 

1892 

48.4 

52.2 

55  9 

55  4 

63  2 

68  0 

72  0 

73.0 

68.8 

62  0 

55  3 

48.2 

60  2 

1893  

42.1 

48.3 

52.0 

55.7 

63.7 

68.5 

74  0 

74.1 

65.4 

60.2 

53.6 

48.6 

58  8 

1894 

44  4 

47.2 

53  3 

61  3 

63  7 

64  8 

74  0 

74  6 

71  8 

63  4 

58  2 

46  9 

60  3 

1895  

46.4 

53.4 

53.5 

58.4 

63  6 

72  9 

71  4 

72.6 

67.0 

64.7 

53.1 

44.8 

60  2 

1896 

50  2 

54  1 

55  4 

53  3 

60  0 

71  5 

76  5 

72  0 

68  0 

65  4 

52  6 

49  4 

60  7 

1897.  .             

44.2 

48.8 

49  4 

62  6 

67  0 

69  8 

75  6 

73  4 

69.6 

60.7 

50.8 

45.4 

59  8 

1898 

42  0 

51  8 

61  9 

61  4 

59  9 

69  6 

74  2 

73  8 

68  8 

63  4 

63  4 

44  2 

69  5 

1899  

49.0 

51.5 

52.8 

59  4 

59  3 

71  2 

72  1 

68  0 

72.9 

60.4 

54.9 

43.9 

69  6 

1900 

47  2 

51  7 

57  3 

56  7 

64  5 

69  4 

73  6 

70  2 

67  0 

60  8 

55  2 

45  2 

59  9 

47  5 

51  2 

55  0 

58  5 

62  7 

70  3 

73  1 

70  3 

69  8 

61  3 

54  5 

45  4 

60  0 

CLIMATOLOGY    OF    THE    GREAT    VALLEY. 
MAXIMUM  AND  MINIMUM  TEMPERATURES. 


99 


Year. 

Number  of  days  maximum  temperature  90°  or 
above. 

Number  of  days  mini- 
mum    temperature 
35°  or  below. 

Number  of  days  mini- 
mum temperature  40° 
or  below. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Dec. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

Nov. 

1877  

22 
14 
13 
6 
11 
19 
16 
8 
11 
14 
14 
17 
14 
14 
23 
14 
15 
20 
8 
18 
20 
19 
13 
16 

18 
13 
18 
7 
5 
14 
17 
14 
20 
17 
10 
23 
21 
13 
23 
16 
16 
17 
15 
10 
14 
14 
3 
6 

13 
6 
11 
4 
7 
9 
10 
1 
13 
9 
11 
17 
11 
8 
8 
6 
0 
15 
6 
2 
8 
10 
20 
2 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
4 
0 
4 
1 
2 
0 
2 
2 
0 
2 
0 
1 
0 
0 
2 
0 

12 
18 
12 
0 
8 
4 
15 
7 
0 
C 
11 
0 
1 
9 
14 
9 
5 
4 
12 
1 
16 
15 
8 
4 

3 
6 
13 
18 
13 
14 
14 
5 
2 
24 
11 
9 
5 
16 
11 
10 
10 
4 
6 
8 
15 
13 
18 
3 

1878 

1 
1 
0 
0 
2 
3 
0 

2 
3 
1 
4 
3 
0 
4 
0 
0 
2 
2 
1 
0 
1 
1 

9 
11 
0 
3 
5 
12 
2 
3 
6 
10 
3 
8 
5 
6 
9 
5 
1 
12 
9 
9 
9 
11 
5 

8 
17 
13 
1 
16 
18 
11 
1 
10 
10 
16 
11 
13 
9 
4 
6 
11 
5 
5 
5 
25 
4 
0 

0 
2 
13 
0 
10 
15 
11 
0 
0 
0 
2 
6 
4 
7 
6 
3 
5 
0 
0 
2 
1 
7 
1 

1 
1 
18 
8 
8 
0 
5 
0 
5 
0 
8 
0 
4 
1 
4 
8 
7 
6 
6 
10 
16 
6 
1 

0 
0 

•i 
ii 
] 
•j. 
: 
i 
3 
0 
0 
0 
0 
1 
4 
3 
2 
0 
6 
0 
1 
0 
1 

1879  

1880 

1881 

1882  

1883 

1884  

1885 

ISM 

1887 

1888               

1889  

1890 

1891  

1892 

1893.     .   .               .               .        .              .     . 

1894  

1895 

1896  

1897 

1898  

1899 

1900..  .                 

SUMMARIES  OF  MONTHLY  MEANS  AND  EXTREMES  OF  TEMPERATURE. 


Month. 

Highest  month- 
ly mean. 

Lowest  month- 
ly mean. 

Absolute  maxi- 
mum. 

Absolute  mini- 
mum. 

Greatest 
daily 
range. 

Mean 
daily 
range. 

Mean 
varia- 
bility. 

Mean  of  3 
consecu- 
tive 
warmest 
days. 

Mean  of  3 
consecu- 
tive 
odderi 
days. 

Tem- 
pera- 
ture. 

Date. 

Tem- 
pera- 
ture. 

Date. 

Tem- 
pera- 
ture. 

Date. 

Tem- 
pera- 
ture. 

Date. 

52.7 
55.0 
60.4 
63.3 
70.2 
77.0 
80.6 
76.8 
76.0 
78.0 
58.2 
50.9 

1873 
1877 
1885 
1857 
1865 
1853 
1854 
1888 
1853 
1853 
1894 
1861 

41.8 
45.7 
49.2 
53.3 
58.5 
64.8 
69.1 
66.3 
65.0 
57.6 
49.3 
43.2 

1883 
1880 
1880 
1896 
1860 
1894 
1859 
1873 
1854 
1881 
1880 
1890 

72.0 
80.0 
80.0 
89.0 
"98.0 
106.0 
106.0 
110.0 
106.0 
98.0 
/78.0 
69.0 

30,1899 
18,  1899 
30,1882 
28,1888 
26,1883 
30,1891 
21,  1891 
11,1898 
11,1888 
3,1885 
1,1890 
8-9,1893 

"19.0 
21.0 
29.0 
636.0 
rf39.0 
44.0 
48.0 
48.0 
<44.0 
36.0 
27.0 
924.0 

14-15,1888 
13,1884 
15,1880 
17,1892 
12,1880 
1,1890 
17,  1887 
30,1887 
18,  1882 
14,  1881 
28,1880 
29,  1878 

30.0 
35.0 
34.0 
37.0 
41.0 
42.0 
44.0 
44.0 
44.0 
39.0 
36.0 
32.0 

14.5 
16.4 
17.0 
20.2 
22.4 
26.3 
30.3 
31.3 
28.5 
24.7 
21.3 
14.0 

2.5 
2.4 
2.3 
3.0 
3.1 
3.2 
3.0 
2.9 
2.8 
2.5 
2.5 
2.7 

52.8 
56.6 
63.8 
62.0 
75.0 
78.3 
81.7 
81.5 
77.2 
69.8 
60.4 
54.4 

39.5 
43.3 
48.1 
51.8 
55.9 
62.2 
67.1 
67.1 
62.9 
55.1 
42.0 
40.5 

February  

April  

Mav 

Juno  

Julv 

Sepiember  

November  

Annual  

80.6       1854           41.8 

1883 

110.0 

(») 

"19.0 

C) 

44.0 

22.2 

2.7 

67.8 

53.0 

a  Also  January,  1854. 

("Also  April  15.  1896. 

c  Also  May  29,  1885,  and  May  28.1887. 

d  Also  May  7, 18S7,  and  May  9, 1896. 


e  Also  September  12,  1893. 

/  Also  November  4, 1892,  and  November  7, 1894. 
a  Also  December  14, 1883. 
>>  August  11,  1898.' 
i  January  14-15,  1888. 


100 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 


WEATHE:!. 


Month. 

Average  number  of  — 

Month. 

Average  number  of  — 

Clear 
days. 

Partly 
cloudy 
days. 

Cloudy 
days. 

Rainy 
days. 

Clear 
days. 

Partly 
cloudy 
days. 

Cloudy 
days. 

Rainy 
days. 

12 

12 
14 
15 
19 
23 
29 

8 
9 
9 
10 
8 
5 
2 

11 

7 
8 
5 
4 
2 
0 

9 
8 
5 
6 
4 
1 
0 

29 
25 
22 
18 
11 

2 
4 

7 
7 
9 

0 
1 
2 
5 

11 

0 
2 
3 
6 
9 

April                                    .              

May 

June  

229 

80 

56 

53 

July 

DATES  OF  FIRST  AND  LAST  LIGHT  AND  KILLING  FROSTS,  WITH  LOWEST  TEMPERATURE  AND  SNOWFALL,  AND  DATES  OF 

BLOOMING  FRUIT  TREES,  FROM  1869  TO  1901. 

[From  the  records  of  Mr.  Samuel  H.  Gerrish,  voluntary  observer  of  the  Weather  Bureau.] 


Year. 

First  light  frost  of 
season. 

First  killing  frost  of 
season. 

Last  light  frost  of 
season. 

Last  killing  frost  of 
season. 

First  appear- 
ance of  blos- 
soming fruit 
trees. 

Date. 

Minimum 
tempera- 
ture. 

Date. 

Minimum 
tempera- 
ture. 

Date. 

Minimum 
tempera- 
ture. 

Date. 

Minimum 
tempera- 
ture. 

1869-70  

Nov.    8,  1869 
Oct.   24,  1870 
Oct.  25,  1871 
Oct.   22,  1872 
Oct.  16,  1873 
Oct.  29,  1874 
Oct.  28,  1875 
Nov.    3,  1876 
Oct.  31,  1877 
Oct.   18,  1878 
Nov.    8,  1879 
Oct.  31,  1880 
Oct.     4,  1881 
Oct.     5,  1882 
Oct.   16,  1883 
Sept.  30,  1884 
Oct.   11,  1885 
Oct.     9,  1886 
Oct.  20,  1887 
Oct.   19,  1888 
Oct.   29,  1889 
Oct.   11,  1890 
Oct.  29,  1891 
Oct.   13,  1892 
Oct.   11,  1893 
Oct.  28,  1894 
Nov.    4,  1895 
Oct.   13,  1896 
Oct.  15,  1897 
Oct.     1,  1898 
Oct.   15,  1899 
Oct.  29,  1900 

°F, 
40.0 
36.0 
37.0 
37.0 
33.0 
39.0 
38.0 
36.0 
33.0 
37.0 
39.0 
35.0 
36.0 
42.0 
39.0 
41.0 
38.0 
40.0 
37.0 
37.0 
36.0 
34.0 
36.0 
36.0 
34.0 
39.0 
36.0 
41.0 
41.0 
40.0 
38.0 
41.0 

Nov.  30,  1869 
Oct.  27,  1870 
Nov.    6,  1871 
Nov.  10,  1872 
Oct.   17,  1873 
Nov.  20,  1874 

(6) 
Nov,  13,  1876 
Nov.    1,  1877 
Oct.   28,  1878 
Nov.  27,  1879 
Nov.  13,  1880 
Nov.  11,  1881 
Nov.  13,  1882 
Nov.    4,  1883 
Nov.  30,  1884 

<"> 
Nov.    4,  1886 
Nov.  25,  1887 
Nov.    6,  1888 
Dec.  29,  1889 
Nov.    7,  1890 
Nov.  14,  1891 
Nov.  16,  1892 
Nov.    3,  1893 
Dec.  25,  1894 
Nov.  24,  1895 
Nov.  26,  1896 
Nov.    8,  1897 
Nov.  23,  1898 

W 
Dec.  28,  1900 

•t. 

31.0 
30.0 
30.0 
27.0 
31.0 
29.0 
35.0 
29.0 
31.0 
29.0 
25.0 
28.0 
30.0 
27.0 
31.0 
31.0 
34.0 
32.0 
28.0 
28.0 
27.0 
28.0 
30.0 
29.0 
28.0 
31.0 
30.0 
32.0 
32.0 
32.0 
34.0 
32.0 

May  17,  1870 
Apr.  19,  1871 
Apr.  12,  1872 
Apr.    6,  1873 
Apr.  14,  1874 
Apr.    7,  1875 
Apr.    8,  1876 
Apr.  23,  1877 
Mar.    9,  1878 
Apr.  15,  1879 
Apr.  18,  1880 
Mar.  18,  1881 
May  15,  1882 
May    2,  1883 
Apr.  17,  1884 
Apr.  22,  1885 
Apr.  14,  1886 
May  10,  1887 
Apr.  26,  1S»8 
Mar.  19,  1889 
Apr.  14,  1890 
Mar.  30,  1891 
May  11,  1892 
Apr.  12,  1893 
May  16,  1894 
Apr.  12,  1895 
May  17,  1896 
Apr.    2,  1897 
Apr.    7,  1898 
May  18,  1899 
Apr.  13,  1900 
Apr.  10,  1901 

Of. 

41.0 
40.0 
38.0 
34.0 
38.0 
31.0 
38.0 
42.0 
39.0 
41.0 
37.0 
33.0 
41.0 
41.0 
43.0 
41.0 
39.0 
34.0 
38.0 
34.0 
35.0 
34.0 
34.0 
33.0 
37.0 
41.0 
41.0 
39.0 
39.0 
42.0 
40.0 
40.0 

Mar.    8,  1870 
Mar.  18,  1871 
Jan.     9,  1872 
Apr.    5,  1873 
Mar.  19,  1874 
Apr.    6,  1875" 
Jan.  16,  1876 
Feb.  11,  1877 
Jan.  12,  1878 
Feb.    6,  1879 
Mar.  30,  1880 
Mar.  17,  1881 
Mar.    9,  1882 
Feb.  18,  1883 
Feb.  18,  1884 
Jan.  26,  1885 
Jan.  10,  1886 
Feb.  26,  1887 
Feb.    3,  1888 
Feb.  19,  1889 
Feb.  28,  1890 
Feb.  25,  1891 
Apr.  26,  1892 
-Mar.  13,  1893 
Mar.    4,  1894 
Feb.    5,  1895 
Mar.    4,  1896 
Feb.  23,  1897 
Mar.  26,  1898 
Feb.    9,  1899 

(") 
Apr.    4,  1901 

°F. 
31.0 
31.0 
27.0 
27.0 
28.0 
24.0 
29.0 
32.0 
30.0 
27.0 
28.0 
31.0 
29.0 
29.0 
31.0 
31.0 
27.0 
26.0 
28.0 
26.  0 
25.  0 
26.0 
32.0 
28.0 
30.0 
33.0 
32.0 
30.0 
30.0 
30.0 
34.0 
33.0 

Feb.  21,  1870 
Feb.    8,  1871 
Feb.  26,  18?2 
Feb.  16,  1873 
Feb.  14,  1874 
Feb.  21,  1875 
Feb.  20,  1879 
Feb.    2,  1877 
Feb.    1,  1878 
Feb.  15,  1879 
Feb.  29,  1880 
Feb.  22,  1881 
Feb.  28,  1882 
Feb.  19,  1883 
Feb.  20,  1884 
Feb.  10,  1885 
Feb.    8,  1886 
Jan.  28,  1887 
Feb.  20,  1888 
Feb.    3,  1889 
Feb.  13,  1890 
Feb.  17,  1891 
Feb.  16,  1892 
Feb.  16,  1893 
Feb.  12,  1894 
Feb.  13,  1895 
Feb.    1,  1896 
Feb.  16,  1897 
Feb.  16,  1898 
Feb.  14,  1899 
Feb.    8,  1900 
Feb.  10,  1901 

1870-71 

1871-72  

1872-73 

1873-74  

1874-75 

1875-76 

1876-77  

1877-78 

1878-79  

1879-80 

1880-81  

1881-82 

1882-83  

1883-84 

1884-85  .... 

1885-86 

1886-87  .  .   . 

1887-88 

1888-89.               ., 

1889-90 

1890-91  . 

1891  92 

1892-93  . 

1893-94 

1894-95  . 

1895-96  

1896-97  .  -     . 

1397-98  

1898-99  . 

1899-1900 

1900-1901  

"Coldest  ever  known. 

<>No  killing  frost;  coldest  on  December  21,  1875. 

cNo  killing  frost;  coldest  on  December  28,  1885. 


dNo  killing  frost;  coldest  December  19,  1899. 
«Xo  killing  frost;  coldest  February  8,  1900. 


Dates  of  snowfall  in  Sacramento,  and  the  amount  precipitated. — January  29,  1862,  0.75  of  an  inch.  January  12, 1868, 
1.62  inches.  December  3,  1873,  6  inches.  April  5,  1875,  a  trace;  enough  to  whiten  the  ground  before  it  melted. 
Thia  was  the  coldest  April  ever  known.  A  very  light  trace  on  January  13,  1879.  January  26,  1880,  estimated  about 
0.25  of  an  inch;  it  mostly  melted  as  it  fell.  February  17  and  18,  1882,  trace.  December  31,  1882,  estimated  about  4 
inches;  measured  1.50  inches  actual  measurement.  February  1  and  6,  1883,  a  very  light  fall  of  snow.  January  4, 
1888,  2.89  inches.  January  5,  1888,  3  inches.  The  snow  that  fell  on  the  5th  was  very  damp,  and  packed  hard;  if  it 
had  been  as  light  as  that  on  the  4th,  I  think  we  would  have  had  over  6  inches.  January  16,  1888,  a  trace.  January 
12  and  21,  1890,  a  few  flakes  of  snow,  melting  as  fast  as  they  fell.  March  2,  1896,  during  the  rain  the  air  was  filled 
with  large  flakes  of  snow  for  ten  minutes,  which  melted  as  it  fell.  A  few  flakes  of  snow  fell  February  2,  1899. 

Mr.  Gerrish  states  that  the  frost  of  April  4,  1901,  did  more  damage  than  the  frost  on  February  11,  1901,  when 
the  temperature  fell  to  32°. 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    THE    GREAT    VALLEY. 


101 


MONTHLY,  ANNUAL,  AND  SEASONAL  PRECIPITATION   (INCHES  AND  HI'NDREDTHS). 
[From  Dr.  T.  M.  Logan.  Dr.  F.  W.  Hatch,  and  Weather  Bureau  Records.] 


Year.                     Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

April. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Season 
of— 

Seasonal. 

An- 
nual. 

0.25 

1.50 

2.25 

12.50 

1850                                              4  50 

0.50 

10  00 

4.25 

0.25 

T. 

T. 

UMH  M 

36.00 

19.50 

1851                                           *>  f*"1 

0.35 

1.88 

1.14 

0.69 

1.00 

0.18 

2.14 

7.07 

1850-51 

4.71 

15.10 

1852                                           0  58 

0.12 

6  40 

0.19 

0.30 

T. 

6.00 

13.40 

1851-52 

17.98 

26.99 

1858                                3.00 

'  00 

7.00 

3.50 

1.45 

T. 

T. 

T. 

T. 

1.50 

1.54 

1852-53 

36.35 

19.99 

1854                                           3-25 

8.50 

3.25 

1.50 

0.21 

0.31 

T. 

T. 

1.01 

0.65 

1.15 

1853-54 

20.06 

19.83 

1855                                           2.67 

3  46 

4.20 

4.32 

1.15 

0.01 

T. 

0.75 

2.00 

1854-55 

18.62 

18.56 

1856                                           4.92 

0.69 

1.40 

2.13 

1.84 

•  0.03 

T. 

0.20 

0.65 

2.40 

1855-56 

13.76 

14.26 

1857                                           1.38 

4.80 

0.68 

T. 

T. 

0.35 

T. 

0.66 

2.41 

2.63 

1856-57 

10.46 

12.91 

1858                      2.44 

2.46 

2.88 

1.21 

0.20 

0.10 

0.01 

T. 

T. 

3.01 

O.lo 

4.34 

1857-58 

14.99 

16.80 

1859                                           0.96 

3.91 

1  64 

0.98 

1.04 

0.02 

6.48 

1.83 

1858-59 

16.04 

16.86 

1860                                  ...     2.31 

0.93 

5.11 

2.87 

2.49 

0.02 

0.63 

0.06 

0.91 

0.18 

4.28 

18  9-60 

22.06 

19.79 

1861                                           2.  67 

2.92 

3.32 

0.48 

0.59 

0.14 

0.55 

T. 

2.17 

8.64 

1860-61 

16.18 

21.48 

1862                               15.04 

4.26 

2.80 

0.82 

1.81 

0.01 

0.01 

0.36 

T. 

2.33 

1861-62 

36.10 

27.  44 

1863  1.73 
1864  1.08 
1865                                           4.78 

2.75 
0.19 
0.71 

2.36 
1.30 
0.48 

1.69 
1.08 
1.37 

0.36 
0.74 
0.46 

0.09 

T. 

0.08 

T. 
T. 
0.08 

0.12 
0.48 

1.49 
6.72 
2.43 

1.82 
7.87 
0.36 

1862-63 
1863-64 
1864-65 

11.59 

7.79 
22.59 

12.20 
19.27 
11.15 

1866                                           7  70 

2.01 

2.02 

0.48 

2.25 

0.10 

0.02 

T. 

2.43 

9.51 

1865-66 

17.91 

26.52 

1867                                           3-44 

7.10 

1.01 

1.80 

0.01 

0.01 

3.81 

12.85 

1866-67 

25.32 

30.03 

1868                                           6  04 

3  15 

4  35 

2.31 

0.27 

T. 

0.77 

2.61 

1867-68 

32.79 

19.50 

1869  4.79 
1870                                           1.37 

3.63 
3.24 

2.94 
1.64 

1.24 
2.12 

0.65 
0.27 

0.01 
T. 

T. 

T. 

T. 

2.12 
0.02 

0.85 
0.58 

1.96 
0.97 

1868-69 
1869-70 

16.64 
13.57 

18.19 
10.21 

1871                                       :    2  08 

1  92 

0.69 

1.45 

0.76 

T. 

T. 

0.21 

1.22 

10.59 

1870-71 

8.47 

18.92 

1872  4.04 
1873                                           1  23 

4.74 
4.36 

1.94 
0.55 

0.61 
0.51 

0.28 

0.02 
T. 

0.02 

T. 

T. 

0.22 
0.31 

1.93 
1.21 

5.39 
10.01 

1871-72 

1872-73 

23.65 
14.19 

19.17 

18.20 

1874                                           5.  20 

1.86 

3.05 

0.89 

0.37 

T. 

T. 

0.05 

2.26 

3.80 

0.44 

1873-74 

00.92 

17.92 

1875                                           8  70 

0  55 

0.80 

T. 

T. 

1.10 

0.44 

6.20 

5.52 

1874-75 

17.70 

23.31 

1876                                           4.99 

3.75 

4.15 

1.10 

0.15 

0.21 

0.02 

T. 

3.45 

0.30 

1875-76 

26.30 

ia  12 

1877                                       !    2.  77 

1.04 

0.56 

0.19 

0.64 

0.01 

T. 

T. 

0.73 

1.07 

1.43 

1876-77 

9.19 

8.44 

1878                                       |    9.26 

8.04 

3.09 

1.07 

0.17 

0.29 

0.55 

0.51 

0.47 

1877-78 

24.86 

23.45 

1879                                       :    3.  18 

3.88 

4.88 

2.66 

1.30 

0.13 

T. 

T. 

0.88 

2.05 

3.41 

1878-79 

17.  ?5 

22.37 

1880  1.64 
1881                                           6.  14 

1.83 
5.06 

1.70 
1.37 

14.20 
1.64 

0.76 
T. 

0.50 

T. 
T. 

0.30 

0.55 

0.05 
1.88 

11.81 
3.27 

I8A-1 
1880-81 

26.47 
26.57 

31.99 
20.71 

1882                                           1.89 

2.40 

3.78 

1.99 

0.35 

0.10 

T. 

0.57 

2.63 

3.22 

1.13 

1881-82 

16.51 

18.06 

1883                                           2.23 

1.11 

3.70 

0.67 

2.85 

0.90 

0.97 

0.61 

0.44 

1882-83 

18.11 

13.48 

1884                                           3  43 

4  46 

8  14 

4.32 

0.06 

1.45 

T. 

0.60 

2.01 

10.45 

1883-84 

24  78 

31  y 

1885                                           2.16 

0.49 

0.08 

0.68 

T. 

0.11 

T. 

0.08 

0.02 

11.34 

5.76 

1884-85 

16.58 

20.72 

1886                                           7.95 

0.29 

2.68 

4.08 

0.07 

0.68 

0.21 

2.21 

1885-86 

32.27 

18.17 

1887                                           1  12 

6  28 

0.94 

2.53 

T. 

T. 

0.02 

0.45 

2.09 

1886-87 

13.97 

13  43 

1888                                           4.  81 

0.57 

3.04 

0.10 

0.40 

0.08 

T. 

T. 

0.55 

4.28 

4.63 

1887-88 

11.56 

18.46 

1889                                           0  15 

0  33 

6  25 

0.26 

3.25 

0.25 

6.02 

3.15 

7.82 

u  — 

19  95 

27  48 

1890                                           6  62 

4.06 

3.00 

1.33 

1.80 

T. 

0.80 

T. 

3.34 

1889-90 

33.80 

20.95 

1891                                           0.  53 

6.61 

1.78 

2.04 

0.66 

0.05 

T. 

0.10 

0.10 

0.48 

3.28 

1890-91 

15.81 

15.63 

1892                                       '    1  78 

2.84 

3.02 

1.20 

2.38 

T. 

0.18 

0.70 

6.60 

4.90 

1891-92 

15.18 

23  60 

1883                                       '    3.  27 

2.66 

3.51 

1.08 

1.05 

T. 

T. 

0.22 

0.12 

2.92 

1.76 

1892-93 

23.95 

16.59 

1894                                           4.17 

3.92 

0.74 

0.34 

1.70 

0.46 

T. 

T. 

0.88 

1.06 

0.48 

8.86 

1893-94 

16.35 

22.61 

1895                                       '    8.42 

1.84 

1.20 

0.86 

0.51 

0.04 

T. 

1.26 

0.17 

1.54 

1.54 

1894-95 

24.11 

17.38 

1896                             9.  76 

0.09 

2.57 

5.34 

0.92 

T. 

0.20 

0.31 

0.55 

3.56 

1.76 

1895-96 

23.23 

25.06 

1897                                           3  66 

4  15 

2.54 

0.25 

0.30 

0.04 

0.01 

0.16 

1.96 

0.61 

1.64 

1896-97 

17.32 

15  32 

1898                                           0.  98 

3.19 

0.04 

0.28 

1.50 

0.14 

0.36 

0.64 

0.61 

2.30 

1897-98 

10.51 

10.04 

1899.  .        ..              3.94 

0.01 

6.02 

0.10 

0.54 

0.49 

0 

0.02 

0 

4.46 

2.62 

2.91 

1898-99 

15.04 

21.14 

1900                                           3  54 

0.32 

1.61 

1.88 

2.88 

T. 

T. 

0 

0.06 

1.74 

4.50 

,.« 

1899-1900 

20.24 

17.91 

1901                                           3.  70 

5.32 

0.48 

2.23 

0.80 

T. 

0 

T. 

0 

1.67 

2.02 

2.91 

1900-1901 

20.21 

17.88 

•>  80 

2  78 

1.76 

0.  M 

0.12 

a  19  41 

a  Average  for  fifty-one  years. 


102 


CLIMATOLOGY  OF  CALIFORNIA. 


.  11,— Seasonal  raiufuH  at  Sacramento,  Cal,,  from  1843  to  1901. 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    THE    GREAT    VALLEY. 


103 


GREATEST  PRECIPITATION  (INCHES  AND  HUNDREDTHS)  IN  TWENTY-FOUR  HOURS. 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

Julie. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

NOT. 

Dec. 

Greatest 
Annual. 

1877 

T. 

T. 

0.00 

(I..VS 

0.81 

0.62 

1878                                

1.63 

1.01 

0.79 

0.65 

0.11 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.13 

0.55 

0.32 

0.35 

1.63 

1879          

0.77 

1.40 

1.97 

0.71 

0.72 

0.13 

T. 

T. 

0.00 

0.55 

0.41 

1.47 

1.97 

1880                                          

1.25 

1.02 

0.49 

7.24 

0.65 

0.00 

T. 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.05 

1.96 

7.24 

1881.                    

2.66 

1.72 

0.46 

0.76 

T. 

0.45 

T. 

0.00 

0.30 

0.25 

1.10 

1.41 

2.66 

!882                                          

0.67 

0.65 

1.30 

0.60 

0.35 

0.10 

T. 

0.00 

0.31 

1.82 

1.16 

0.40 

1.82 

1883                      

1.90 

0.98 

1.61 

0.32 

1.15 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.77 

0.80 

0.55 

0.25 

1.90 

1884 

1.00 

1.36 

2.94 

1.37 

0.03 

0.82 

0.00 

T. 

0.30 

1.70 

0.00 

2.44 

2.94 

1885                                              

1.10 

0.28 

0.07 

0.61 

T. 

0.10 

T. 

0.00 

0.08 

0.01 

4.29 

2.81 

4.29 

1886               

2.60 

0.20 

1.15 

1.15 

0.06 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.43 

0.21 

0.84 

2.50 

1887 

0.90 

2.48 

0.65 

1.47 

T. 

0  00 

0.00 

T. 

0.02 

0.00 

0.28 

0.88 

2.48 

1888 

1.90 

0.20 

0.90 

0.09 

0.36 

0  04 

T. 

T. 

0.43 

0.00 

2.12 

1.10 

2.12 

1889  

0.08 

0.20 

2.57 

0.14 

1.94 

0.25 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.86 

0.96 

0.98 

2.57 

1890 

1.40 

1.80 

0.81 

0.94 

0.82 

0  00 

0.00 

T. 

0.80 

T. 

0.00 

2.35 

2.35 

1891                                    .  . 

0.38 

2.14 

0.96 

0.70 

0.52 

0.05 

T. 

0.00 

0.06 

0:06 

0.26 

0.86 

2.14 

1892  

1.00 

1.10 

0.94 

0.54 

1.16 

T. 

0.00 

0.00 

0.14 

0.32 

3.26 

1.86 

3.26 

1893 

1.06 

0.92 

1.18 

0.80 

0.78 

0  00 

T. 

T. 

0.16 

0.12 

1.04 

0.76 

1.18 

1894.     

2.25 

2.20 

0.32 

0.20 

0.72 

0.38 

T. 

T. 

0.88 

0.40 

0.48 

1.32 

2.25 

1895  

2.66 

1.34 

0.42 

0.60 

0.16 

0.00 

0.04 

T. 

0.73 

0.14 

0.52 

0.47 

2.66 

1896 

1.84 

0.08 

0.84 

2.18 

0.56 

0  00 

T. 

0.20 

0.24 

0.45 

1.60 

0.54 

2.18 

1897           ...                 

1.36 

1.25 

1.20 

0.14 

0.30 

0.04 

0.00 

0.01 

0.16 

1.18 

0.28 

1.04 

1.36 

1898 

0  40 

1.12 

0  04 

0.24 

1.00 

0  14 

0.00 

0.00 

0.36 

0.34 

0.50 

1.00 

1.12 

1899 

1.10 

0.04 

2.20 

0.09 

0.44 

0.45 

0.00 

0.02 

0.00 

2.08 

0.62 

1.00 

2.20 

1900... 

1.52 

0.16 

0.80 

0.90 

1.60 

T. 

T. 

0.00 

0.06 

0.60 

2.32 

0.54 

2.32 

Greatest  

2.66 

2.48 

2.94 

7.24 

1.94 

0.82 

0.04 

0.20 

0.88 

1.86 

4.29 

2.96 

7.24 

Date                                              ] 

29,1881 

1      <-*, 

8-9 

21 

5 

11-12 

4 

30 

29 

21-22 

17-18 

2 

April  21 

Year... 

3-4,1895 
1881-95 

1 

1887 

1884 

'   1880 

1889 

1884 

1895 

1896 

1894 

1889 

1885 

1880 

1880 

DATES  WHEN  PRECIPITATION  EQUALED  OR  EXCEEDED  2.50  INCHES  IN  ANY  CONSECUTIVE  TWENTY-FOUR  HOURS. 

Inches. 

April  19,  and  20,  1880,  from  8.02  p.  m.  19  to  8.02  p.  m.  20 5.28 

April  20  and  21,  1880,  from  8.02  p.  m.  20  to  9.55  a.  m.  21 3.09 

December  1  and  2,  1880,  from  12.02  p.  m.  1  to  12.02  p.  m.  2 2. 58 

January  28  and  29,  1881,  from  8.02  p.  m.  28  to  8.02  p.  m.  29 2. 66 

March  Sand  9,  1884,  from  3  p.  m.  8  to  7  a.  m.  9 2.94 

November  17  and  18,  1885,  from  8.30  a.  m.  17  to  7  a.  m.  18 4. 29 

December  21,  1885,  from  4  a.  m.  21  to  2.55  p.  in.  21 2.81 

January  23,  1886,  from  8.30  a.  m.  23  to  11  p.  m.  23 2.50 

March  12  and  13,  1889,  from  4  p.  m.  12  to  9  a.  m.  13 2.57 

November  29  and  30,  1892,  from  10  p.  m.  29  to  8  p.  m.  30 3.26 

January  3  and  4,  1895,  from  6.20  p.  m.  3  to  6.20  p.  m.  4 2.66 

MONTHLY  EXTREMES  OF  PRECIPITATION. 


Number  of 

Number  of 

times 

times 

Greatest 
monthly  pre- 
cipitation. 

Least 
monthly  pre- 
cipitation. 

monthly 
precipita- 
tion nas 
exceeded 

Greatest 
monthly  pre- 
cipitation. 

Least 
monthly  pre- 
cipitation. 

monthly 
precipita- 
tion nas 
exceeded 

normal  in 

normal  in 

Month. 

50  years. 

Total. 

Month. 

50  years. 

Total. 

Amount. 

Date. 

Amount. 

Date. 

In 
first 
25 

In 
sec- 
ond 
25 

Amount. 

Date. 

Amount. 

Date. 

In 
first 
25 

In 
sec- 
ond 
25 

years. 

years. 

years. 

years. 

Inches. 

Inches. 

Inches. 

Inches. 

_ 

15.04 

1862 

0.15 

1889 

9 

11 

:;  i 

July  

0.63 

1860 

0.00 

ta\ 

2 

2 

4 

8.50 

1854 

0.04 

1899 

12 

11 

23 

August  

0.20 

1896 

0.00 

(a) 

1 

2 

3 

10.00 

1850 

0.04 

1898 

11 

12 

23 

September  

1.26 

1895 

0.00 

2 

12 

14 

11857 

1 

October  

fi.02 

1889 

0.00 

6 

8 

14 

\pril         

14.20 

1880 

T. 

11875 

1      8 

8 

16 

(1884 

May 

3.25 

1889 

0.00 

7 

9 

16 

November  

11.34 

1885 

0.00 

(1890 

1     U 

8 

19 

1.45 

1884 

0.00 

(«) 

3 

8 

11 

December  

13.40 

1852 

0.00 

1876 

10 

8 

18 

"Many  yctirs. 


104 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 


AVERAGE  HOURLY  WIND  VELOCITY  (MILES  PER  HOUR). 
[Record  began  July  1,  1877,  to  December  31, 1900.] 


Hour. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

A.  M. 

1                                .   .            

6.7 

7.0 

7.2 

7.3 

8.0 

9.6 

8.1 

7.4 

6.8 

5.9 

5.5 

6.2 

2 

6.7 

7.0 

7.2 

7.0 

7.4 

7.9 

7.6 

7.2 

6.3 

5.6 

5.6 

6.3 

3                                                     

6.6 

6.9 

7.2 

6.8 

7.2 

7.7 

7.7 

7.4 

6.4 

5.6 

5.6 

6.4 

5                                                   

6.5 

7.1 

7.1 

7.0 

7.2 

7.6 

7.8 

7.5 

6.5 

5.8 

5.5 

6.5 

Q 

6.5 

7.1 

7.1 

6.8 

7.2 

7.3 

7.4 

7.2 

6.3 

5.4 

5.3 

6.5 

7                                                        

6.4 

7.0 

7.1 

6.7 

7.3 

7.3 

7.1 

6.9 

6.0 

5.5 

5.2 

8                  

6.4 

6.9 

7.1 

6.6 

7.1 

7.0 

6.8 

6.4 

5.7 

5.4 

5.2 

6.3 

9                                                              

6  4 

6.6 

6.8 

6.3 

6.8 

6.8 

6.5 

6.0 

5.6 

5.3 

5.2 

6.4 

10                         

6.4 

6.6 

7.0 

6.4 

7.0 

7.1 

6.5 

5.6 

5.4 

5.1 

5.1 

6.5 

11                                                                      

6  5 

C.  7 

7.0 

7.2 

7.7 

7.3 

6.6 

5.5 

5.5 

5.1 

5.1 

6.4 

12  (noon)              

6.7 

7.1 

7.9 

8.1 

8.3 

7.5 

6.6 

5.4 

5.8 

5.5 

5.3 

6.7 

P.  M. 
1                                

7.1 

7.7 

8.8 

8.5 

8.7 

7.9 

6.7 

5.6 

6.2 

6.1 

5.8 

7.1 

2 

7  1 

8  2 

9  0 

9  1 

9.0 

8.2 

6.9 

5  8 

6  6 

6  5 

6.3 

7.2 

3                             

8.1 

8.8 

9.4 

9.6 

9.4 

8.2 

7.2 

6.1 

6.8 

6.9 

6.6 

7.8 

4          

8.2 

9.0 

9.7 

9.7 

9.7 

8.8 

7.4 

6.2 

6.9 

7.2 

6.8 

7.9 

5                                                 

8.1 

9.0 

9.8 

9.7 

9.9 

9.3 

7.9 

6.7 

7.0 

7.1 

6.9 

7.8 

6                         

8.0 

9.0 

9.6 

9.7 

10.1 

9.8 

8.5 

7.2 

7.1 

6.9 

6.6 

7.5 

7  8 

8.6 

9  4 

9.6 

10.4 

10.3 

8.9 

7.6 

7  1 

6.7 

6.0 

7.0 

g                             

7.0 

7.7 

8.9 

9.2 

10.2 

10.4 

9.2 

7.9 

6.9 

5.7 

5.0 

6.2 

9            

6.4 

7.0 

8.1 

8.7 

9.0 

10.5 

9.3 

8.0 

6.7 

5.4 

4.9 

6.1 

10                                    

6.4 

6.7 

7.4 

6.8 

9.3 

10.2 

9.0 

7.9 

6.7 

5.8 

5.1 

6.2 

11                    

6.5 

6.8 

7.3 

7.9 

8.8 

9.8 

9.1 

8.0 

7.0 

6.0 

5.2 

6.2 

12  (midnight)                             

6.6 

6.9 

7.5 

7  6 

8  5 

9  3 

8  4 

7.8 

7.2 

6.0 

5.5 

6  2 

6  3 

7.8 

7  7 

9  2 

8  0 

9  0 

8  3 

8.9 

7.5 

7.2 

6  6 

6.8 

NUMBER  OF  DAYS  WITH  PRECIPITATION,  PROM  JULY  1,  1877,  TO  DECEMBER  31,  1900. 


Month. 

Less  than 
0.01  inch. 

0.01  to  0.10 
inch. 

0.11  to  0.25 
inch. 

0.26  to  0.50 
inch. 

0.51  to  1 
inch. 

Over  1 
inch. 

:',<> 

78 

43 

34 

37 

25 

33 

62 

35 

30 

30 

17 

47 

90 

46 

40 

30 

11 

April                            

41 

59 

32 

30 

20 

6 

May            

38 

36 

22 

17 

10 

3 

22 

18 

4 

4 

1 

0 

July            

16 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

13 

2 

1 

0 

0 

0 

19 

1° 

ts 

8 

3 

0 

27 

34 

20 

IS 

8 

23 

47 

27 

28 

19 

n 

35 

82 

51 

36 

48 

19 

Total  .  . 

373 

521 

293 

245 

205 

100 

NUMBER  OF   CLEAR,  PARTLY  CLOUDY,   CLOUDY,  RAINY,  AND  FOGGY  DAYS,  AND  TOTAL  NUMBER  OF  THUNDERSTORMS 

AND  AURORAS  FROM  JULY  1,  1877,  TO  DECEMBER  31,  1900. 


•S 

o 

o 
d 

X   V 
!»g 

» 

umber 
torms. 

I 

=      / 

s  £ 

•a 

S 

o 
£S 

K 

umber 
torms. 

ci 
£ 

Is 

Month 

^ 

•=S 

-c 

c  e 

OJ 

cs 

Month. 

•3 

^fi 

•o  . 

BE 

=  s 

• 

>> 

*o 

>> 

^.-o 

D 

. 

>, 

K*i  U 

>i 

_*o 

_,  a 

• 

s 

? 

c  o 

6C 

£  - 

3" 

s 

2 

C  0 

be 

IB 

",* 

5 

I 

5 

•2 

£ 

£5 

o 
H 

<2 

C 

i 

£ 

^ 

S 

260 

195 

247 

217 

131 

2 

0 

Sep'.ember  

599 

88 

33 

35 

i 

VI 

0 

275 

219 

156 

176 

43 

3 

0 

514 

186 

64 

80 

15 

3 

o 

311 

218 

184 

116 

14 

9 

0 

November  

419 

160 

141 

134 

53 

3 

0 

April                              

348 

228 

114 

147 

3 

10 

0 

253 

215 

276 

223 

153 

2 

o 

May  

441 

182 

90 

88 

0 

16 

0 

D 

•    o  in 

548 

107 

35 

26 

1 

6 

0 

(") 

Annual  average  .. 

229 

80 

56 

53 

18 

3 

...... 

July      

698 

40 

6 

1 

0 

3 

0 

Aueust  .  . 

674 

57 

13 

3 

0 

5 

0 

(•Two  in  November,  1882. 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF   THE    GREAT    VALLEY. 
NUMBER  OF  HIGH  WINDS  FROM  JULY  1,  1877,  TO  DECEMBER  31,  1900. 


105 


1 

Velocity 

1 

"elocity. 

i 

Velocity 

Month. 

25  to  30 
miles. 

31  to  40 
mil&. 

Over  40 
miles. 

Month. 

25  to  30 
miles. 

31  to  40 
miles. 

Over  40 
miles. 

Month. 

25  to  30 
miles. 

31  to  40 
^miles. 

Over  40 
miles. 

11 

7 

10 

1 

November  

8 

8 

4 

« 

1 

July  

6 

0 

0 

December  

12 

11 

5 

March  8 

9 

5 

August  

3 

0 

0 

. 

April                             <            8 

14 

1 

September  

8 

4 

0 

Mav                               >          11 

9 

2 

October  

11 

8 

1 

HIGHEST  WIND  VELOCITY,  DIRECTION,  AND  DATE  FROM  JULY  1,  1877,  TO  APRIL  30,  1901. 


Velocity. 

Direc- 
tion. 

Dav  anil 
year. 

Velocity. 

Direc- 
tion. 

Dav  and 
year. 

SE. 

3,1901 

July  

30 

NW. 

1,1892 

NW 

10  1894 

28 

sw. 

65,1896 

March                                                                         48 

SE. 

a29,1892 

September  

36 

NW. 

••23,1889 

April                                                                           40 

NW. 

8,1900 

October  

48 

s. 

20,1894 

May                                                                             44 

NW. 

9,1895 

November  

51 

SE. 

21,1900 

June                                                                           42 

NW. 

12,1886 

December  

60 

SE. 

9,1894 

a  Also  on  March  4,  1888,  from  the  SE..  and  March  2,  1896,  from  the  S. 

6  Also  on  August  20,  1899,  from  the  SW. 

e  Also  on  September  21, 1895,  from  the  NW.,  and  September  20, 1900,  from  the  NW. 

GREATEST  PRECIPITATION  IN  THE  SHORTEST  PERIODS  OF  TIME  FROM  JULY,  1877,  TO  APRIL,  1901. 


Date.                              Duration. 

Inches. 

Average 
inch 
per  hour. 

Date. 

Duration. 

Inches. 

Average 
inch 
per  hour. 

h.m. 

Januarv  15  1878                                                  14  20 

1.63 

6.11 

April21,1880  

h.  m. 
2200 

7.24 

0  33 

January  22,  1878                                                    208 

1.54 

0.72 

April24,1896  

1200 

1.60 

0.13 

is  oo 

1.29 

0.16 

April29,1901  

1200 

1.45 

0  12 

2  66 

0.11 

Mav  5,  1889 

1200 

1  14 

0  10 

1          800 

1  77 

0.22 

May5,1900  

1100 

1  32 

0  12 

January  23,  1886...            

*                                                       1        1540 

2.58 

0.17 

Octobers,  1882. 

800 

1.10 

0.14 

\\        800 
Januarys  1888... 

1.40 

0.18 

1630 

1.82 

0.11 

1      12  30 

1.86 

0.15 

October  21  1899 

1200 

1.48 

0.12 

1200 
Januarv  15  1894 

1.52 

0.13 

2315 

2.08 

0.09 

1020 

2.25 
1.26 

0.10 
0.12 

November  17,  1885  

430 
630 

1.67 
1.35 

0.37 
0.21 

1200 
Januarv  20  1896 

2.66 
1.44 

0.11 
0.12 

700 
1800 

1.27 
4.29 

0.18 
0.24 

[       1825 

1.84 

0.10 

November  16,  1888  . 

1200 

1.65 

0.14 

1600 
Februarv  5  1887 

1.85 

0.12 

1 

2400 

1.95 

0.08 

3  46 

0  11 

November  30  1892 

745 

2.26 

0  29 

Februarv  23  1891                     740 

1.20 

0.16 

f       1200 

1.60 

0.13 

November  21,  1900  . 

| 

[         900 
Februarv  19  1894                                      .H 

1.83 

0.20 

I       2100 

2.32 

0.11 

I      16  30 

2.16 

0.13 

December  2,  1880 

I        800 

1.21 

0.15 

Februarv  5  1901                                                  11  45 

1.42 

0.12 

(      2400 

2.58 

0.11 

March  5  1879                                                        8  00 

1.00 

0.13 

December  4,  1881  

800 

1.16 

0.15 

March  9  1884                                                         8  00 

2.14 

0.27 

December  23,  1884  

800 

1.31 

0.16 

March  13  1889                                                     12  00 

2.21 

0.18 

December  25,1884  

600 

1.87 

0.31 

March  15  1899                                                     11  30 

1.70 

0.15 

December  21,  1885  

1100 

2.81 

0.26 

200 

1.99 

1.00 

December  24,  1885  

f        600 

1.40 

0.23 

800 
April  20,  1880  

4.15 

0.52 

1        900 

1.85 

0.21 

1600 

6.35 

0.40 

106 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFOKNIA. 


FRESNO. 
By  Mr.  J.  P.  BOLTON,  Observer,  Weather  Bureau. 

Fresdo,  Cal.,  in  latitude  36°  43'  North,  longitude  119°  49'  West,  is  situated  in  the  fertile 
San  Joaquin  Valley,  nearly  midway  between  the  Sierra  Nevada  and  Coast  Range  mountains.  Its 
climate  in  a  general  sense  may  be  divided  into  two  seasons,  a  wet  season  and  a  dry  season. 

During  the  period  from  October  to  May,  comprising  the  wet  season,  Fresno  County  is 
favored  with  well-distributed  rains  at  irregular  intervals,  aggregating  for  the  season  an  averago 
of  about  10.12  inches.  The  greatest  number  of  consecutive  days  with  rain  was  eight,  in  January, 
1895,  the  greatest  amount  recorded  in  any  twenty-four  consecutive  hours  being  2.10  inches — 
December  29  to  30,  1891. 

The  annual  precipitation  of  the  Sierra  Nevada  Mountains  is  much  greater  than  that  of  the 
valley;  precipitation  in  those  high  altitudes  occurs  mostly  in  the  form  of  snow  which  is  pre- 
served by  the  cold  of  elevation  in  sufficient  quantities  to  furnish  abundance  of  ,  water  to  our 
rivers,  creeks,  and  canals  during  the  dry  season.  The  run-off,  or  amount  of  water  which  may 
be  made  available  for  the  purposes  of  agriculture  through  this  process  of  conservation,  is 
estimated  to  be  about  45  per  cent  of  the  total  annual  precipitation  on  the  west  side  of  the  crest 
of  the  range. 

A  dry  season  prevails  over  this  section  during  the  period  from  May  to  September. 

The  highest  temperature  ever  recorded  at  Fresno  was  114°,  on  July  1,  1891;  the  lowest  was 
20°  above  zero,  on  January  17,  1888. 

MEAN  MONTHLY  AND  ANNUAL  TEMPERATURE  (DEGREES  FAHRENHEIT). 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Get. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1888 

44.1 

53.2 

54.1 

67.1 

08.6 

74.1 

80.6 

86.3 

83.4 

68.9 

56.0 

48.6 

65.4 

1889  

48.6 

50.5 

58.4 

63.5 

09.  6 

79.5 

82.6 

82.2 

75.6 

62.8 

54.1 

49.1 

64.3 

1890 

42.3 

41.2 

64.6 

61.2 

69.4 

73.4 

82.5 

80.8 

74.6 

64.5 

56.9 

43.8 

62.6 

1891  

45.4 

48.5 

54.4 

59.0 

67.1 

73.0 

83.6 

83.6 

74.6 

67.0 

66.2 

43.9 

63.0 

1892 

48.5 

53.2 

65.6 

57.6 

67.2 

72.8 

79.4 

81.4 

73.6 

63.9 

66.4 

47.4 

63.1 

1893     

42.8 

48.4 

52.2 

55.9 

66.9 

73.2 

80.8 

82.0 

68.4 

60.8 

52.8 

48.4 

61.0 

1894 

43  8 

46.8 

53.0 

62.2 

67.6 

68.9 

82.7 

82.1 

74.0 

64.0 

58.6 

47.6 

62.6 

1896..     .       

45  3 

52.6 

53.7 

60.0 

67.4 

77.2 

79.4 

80.6 

70.4 

66.6 

52.8 

43.6 

62.5 

1896 

50  6 

53.4 

56.3 

54.7 

63.9 

78.6 

85.0 

79.8 

72.6 

66.7 

53.2 

49.5 

63.7 

1897  

43.7 

49.2 

48.6 

63.5 

71.7 

74.3 

82.8 

81.8 

72.8 

61.2 

52.0 

45.1 

62.3 

1898 

41  7 

53.8 

52.8 

65.4 

65.2 

72.2 

83.9 

81.6 

72.8 

64.6 

52.6 

45.2 

63.1 

1899  

50.0 

51.2 

54.4 

61.1 

63.2 

78.3 

81.8 

75.1 

77.3 

60.4 

54.4 

43.8 

62.6 

1900 

46  7 

51.4 

69.2 

58.3 

68.4 

77.3 

82.4 

75.2 

69.5 

62.6 

57.5 

45.2 

62.6 

45  3 

50.2 

54.4 

60.8 

67.4 

74.1 

82.1 

81.0 

73.8 

64.2 

54.6 

47.0 

63.0 

SUMMARIES  OF  MONTHLY  MEANS  AND  EXTREMES  OF  TEMPERATURE. 


Highest 
monthly 
mean. 

Lowest 
monthly 
mean. 

Absolute 
maximum. 

Absolute 
minimum. 

Highest 
monthly 
mean. 

Lowest 

monthly 
mean. 

Absolute 
maximum. 

Absolute 
minimum. 

Tem- 

Tem- 

Tem- 

Tem- 

Tem- 

Tem- 

Tem- 

Tem- 

pera- 

Date. 

pera- 

Date. 

pera- 

Date. 

pera- 

Date. 

pera- 

Date. 

pera- 

Date. 

pera- 

Date. 

pera- 

Date. 

ture. 

ture. 

ture. 

ture. 

ture. 

ture. 

ture. 

ture. 

0 

0 

0 

0 

o 

o 

o 

0 

January  

50.6 

1896 

41.7 

1898 

69.0 

15,  1893 

20.0 

1,1888 

August  

86.3 

1888 

75.1 

1889 

113.0 

11,  1898 

51.0 

27,  1895 

February  ... 

53.8 

1898 

47.2 

1890 

80.0 

20,  1896 

24.0 

6,  1899 

September  . 

83.4 

1888 

68.4 

1893 

111.0 

24,  1888 

44.0 

22,  1895 

March  

58.4 

1889 

48.6 

1397 

86.0 

6,1899 

28.0 

1,1888 

October  

68.9 

1888 

60.4 

1899 

98.0 

4,1889 

36.0 

17,  1892 

April  '  67.1 

1888 

54.7 

1896 

101.0 

25,  1898 

34.0 

5,  1895 

November  . 

68.6 

1894 

52.0 

1897 

82.0 

7,  1894 

27.0 

25,  1898 

May                 71.7 

1897 

63  2 

1899 

104  0 

21  1892 

38.0 

1,1899 

December.. 

49.5 

1896 

43.6 

1895 

71.0 

5,  1895 

23.0 

21,1897 

June  

79.5 

1889 

68.9 

1894 

112.0 

30,  1891 

46.0 

2,  1899 

Annual. 

86.3 

41.7 

114.0 

20.0 

July 

85.0 

18% 

79.4 

J18921 
\1895f 

114.0 

1,  1891 

51.0 

8,  1891 

CLIMATOLOGY    OF   THE   GREAT   VALLEY. 
DATES  or  FROST. 


107 


Year. 

Last  light 
<     frost. 

1 

Last  kill- 
ing frost. 

First  light  First  kill- 
frost.     ;  ing  frost.  • 

Year.                      '-". 

t  light  Last  kill-  'First  light 
rost.      ing  frost.  ,     frost. 

First  kill- 
ing frost. 

1888 

Mar     6 

Mar.    1 
Feb.  19 
Apr.   14 
Mar.  29 
Mar.  28 
Mar.  13 
Mar.    4 

!  NOT     7  '                  ' 

1895                                                '  M 

•r.  21     Apr.     5  ;  XOT.  22 
pr.  15  '  Mar.     1  :  XOT.  26 
ar.  23     Mar.  30  j  XOT.  16 
•P.  27  !  Mar.  22  •  XOT.    7 
ft.  29  ;  Feb.     7  I  Dec.  10 
ft.     9     Feb.     8     Oct.    30 

XOT.  23 
NOT.  29 
NOT.  26 
NOT.  21 

1889 

Feb.  20 

XOT.    6  \  Dec.  21  > 
;  XOT.    9     Dec.     6  j 
j  Oct.     2  :  Dec.     3 
I  NOT.  15     NOT.  25 
Xov.  16     SOT.  18 
i  Dec.  14  :  Dec.    2 

1896                                                i  A 

1890              

Mar.  27 

1897  M 

1891 

..    Apr      8 

1898                                               M 

1892                 

Apr.  18 

1899  A 

1833 

...  '  Apr.  13 

1900                                                  A 

Dec.  28 

1894     

'  Apr.   17 

MONTHLY,  AXXTJAL  AXD  SEASONAL  PRECIPITATION  (INCHES  AND  HUXDREDTHS). 

[An  accurate  record  of  rainfall  was  kept  by  Louis  Enstein  from  August,  1881,  to  August.  1887;  measurements  were  made  with  a  standard  rain 

gauge.     Weather  Bureau  records  began  in  August,  1887.] 


Year. 

Jan.       Feb. 

Mar.       Apr. 

May. 

June.      July.       Aug.       Sept. 

Oct.       NOT. 

Dec. 

n'uai   i      Seasonal. 

1882 

0.54 
0.54 
2.54 
0.63 
2.82 
0.40 
1.75 
0.34 
2.12 
0.88 
0.48 
1.04 
2.27 
4.14 
2.89 
1.93 
0.42 
1.92 
1.52 

L44 
0.27 
4.35 
0.00 
0.68 
3.09 
0.13 
0.32 
0.80 
2.24 
1.00 
2.21 
2.02 
1.70 
0.06 
2.65 
1.15 
0.02 
0.08 

1.80 
3.28 
3.77 
0.76 
1.34 
0.17 
1.96 
2.07 
1.04 
0.81 
1.69 
4.22 
0.29 
1.84 
1.21 
1.64 
0.71 
2.90 
0.88 

1.36 
1.01 
3.42 
1.32 
2.87 
2.93 
0.22 
0.54 
0.17 
0.49 
0.79 
0.34 
0.10 
0.99 
2.82 
0.30 
0.00 
0.36 
1.21 

0.21 
1.69 
1.43 
0.02 
0.03 
0.03 
0.56 
0.57 
0.45 
0.03 
1.44 
T. 
1.16 
0.52 
0.02 
0.00 
0.79 
0.06 
1.97 

0.00 
0.00 
1.25 
T. 
0.00 
0.04 
T. 
0.00 
0.00 
0.02 
0.06 
0.00 
1.16 
0.00 
0.00 
T. 
0.00 
0.66 
T. 

0.00         0.00 
0.00         0.00 
0.00         0.00 
0.00        0.00 
0.00        0.00 
0.00        0.00 
T.            T. 
0.00           T. 
0.00           T. 
0.00        0.00 
0.00        0.00 
T.        0.00 
T.            T. 
T.            T. 
0.07        0.15 
0.00           T. 
0.00        0.00 
0.00        0.00 
T.  I      0.00 

0.56 
0.06 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.49 
0.06 
0.00 
1.26 
0.27 
T. 
0.01 
0.75 
0.07^ 
0.06 
T. 
1.12 
0.00 
a  16 

1.07 
1.17 
0.46* 
0.11 
0.57 
0.15 
0.00 
3.17 
0.00 
0.00 
0.34 
0.02 
0.37 
0.16 
1.28 
1.19 
0.03 
2.01 
0.33 

1.00 
0.17 
0.08 
9.54 
0.80 
0.32 
2.38 
1.39 
0.22 
0.21 
0.39 
0.16 
0.27 
0.19 
1.46 
0.22 
0.34 
1.52 
4.61 

0.42 
0.56 
3.93 
2.06 
0.44 
1.16 
1.71 
3.87 
2.30 
3.99 
2.56 
1.40 
4.09 
0.78 
1.00 
0.48 
0.43 
1.09 
0.33 

7.89  '  1881-82 
8.69     18S2-83 
21.23  j  1883-84 
14.44     1884-85 
9.55  :  1885-86 
-   --- 
8.76  ,  1887-88 
12.27  ;  1888-89 
8.36     1889-90 
S.94  1  1890-91 
8.  75  1  1891-92 
9.40     1892-93 
12.48     1893-94 
10.39     1894-96 
11.02     1895-96 
-    a      1896-97 
4.99  i  1897-98 
10.54  ;  1898-99 

11.09  1  \m  m 

6.91 
9.33 
18.90 
7.20 
19.45 
8.47 
6.73 
7.99 
13.01 
8.25 
9.93 
11.10 
8.59 
14.67 
8.42 
10.32 
4.94 
7.98 
10.28 

1883 

1884  

1885 

1886  

1887 

1S88  

1889 

1890             

1891 

1892 

1893  

1894 

1895 

1896  

1897 

1898  

1899 

1900.. 

Average  

1.54 

1.27        1.70 

1.12 

0.58 

0.17 

T.        0.01 

0.26         0.65 

1.33 

1.72 

10.31    

10.13 

GREATEST  PRECIPITATION  (  INCHES  AXD  HUXDREDTHS)  ix  TWEXTY-POCR  HOCHS. 


Year.                           Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

NOT. 

Dec. 

Greatest 
annual. 

1888...                                                      0.95 

0.13 

1.05 

0.20 

0.31 

T. 

T. 

T. 

0.06 

0  00 

1  33 

0  71 

1  33 

1889                                                          0  29 

0.53 

0.55 

0.32 

0.33 

0  00 

0  00 

T 

0  00 

1  73 

0  48 

0  75 

1  73 

1890                                                          0  71 

9.30 

0.33 

0.15 

0.43 

0.00 

0  00 

T. 

1  12 

0  00 

0  22 

L21 

1  21 

1891                                                               0  54 

0  50 

0.26 

0.29 

0  02 

0  02 

0  00 

0  00 

0  27 

0  00 

0  **1 

2  10 

2.10 

1892...                                                     0  24 

0.38 

0.53 

0.43 

0.82 

0  06 

0  00 

0  00 

T 

0  32 

0  22 

0  66 

0  82 

1893                                                          0  39 

1  48 

1  22 

0  32 

T 

0  00 

T 

0  00 

0  01 

0  02 

0  15 

0  55 

UN...                                                      1.28 

0.62 

0.20 

0.07 

0.94 

0  74 

T 

T 

0  75 

0  28 

0  27 

1  12 

1895.                                                       '      1  16 

0.96 

0.52 

0.84 

0.52 

0  00 

T 

T 

0  06 

0  13 

0  12 

0  40 

1  46 

1896                                                               1  05 

0  06 

0  50 

1  68 

0  02 

0  00 

0  06 

0  15 

0  06 

1  28 

1  01 

0  56 

1    fiS 

1897.    .                                                          0.  73 

1.16 

0.50 

0.30 

0  00 

T 

0  00 

T 

T 

0  48 

0  13 

0  25 

1898.                                                             0  17 

0  49 

0  30 

0  00 

0  74 

0  00 

0  00 

0  uO 

1  12 

0  03 

0  34 

1899.  .                                                1      0  84 

0  02 

0  99 

0  31 

0  06 

0  60 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  85 

0  72 

Greatest                                                   1  46 

1  48 

1  22 

-     - 

0  94 

0  74 

0  06 

0  15 

1  12 

1  73 

1  33 

Date  4-5 

8-9 

20 

24-25 

14-15 

30 

29 

22-23 

16 

°9-30 

Dec 

Year.  .  .                                                 1895 

- 

1896 

--, 

1896 

:-- 

1*01 

1R01 

a  Abo  September  25-26.  1898. 


108 


CLIMATOLOGY  OF  CALIFOBNIA. 

MONTHLY  EXTREMES  OF  PRECIPITATION  (INCHES  AND  HUNDREDTHS). 


Month. 

Greatest  monthly 
precipitation. 

Least  monthly 
precipitation. 

Times  ex- 
ceeding 
normal. 

Month. 

Greatest  monthly 
precipitation. 

Least  monthly 
precipitation. 

Times  ex- 
ceeding 
normal. 

Amount. 

Date. 

Amount. 

Date. 

Amount. 

Date. 

Amount. 

Date. 

4.14 
4.35 
4.22 
3.42 
1.69 
1.16 

1895 
1884 
1893 
1884 
1883 
1894 

0.34 
0.00 
0.17 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 

1889 
1885 
1887 
1898 
1897 

w 

7 
6 
7 
1 
7 
2 

July            

0.07 
0.15 
1.26 
3.17 
9.64 
4.09 

1896 
1896 
1890 
1889 
1885 
1894 

0.00 

0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.08 
0.42 

(«) 
(•) 
(«) 

1890 
1884 
1882 

5 
7 
4 
4 
4 
6 

August  

September. 

October  

May 

November  

December  

WEATHER. 


Month. 

Average  number  of  — 

Month. 

Average  number  of  — 

Clear 
days. 

Partly 
cloudy 
days. 

Cloudy 
days. 

Rainy 
days. 

Clear 
days. 

Partly 
clpudy 
days. 

Cloudy 
days. 

Rainy 
days. 

9 
15 
13 
19 
21 
26 
29 

8 
7 
10 

; 

3 
2 

14 
6 
8 
3 
3 
1 
0 

8 
6 
8 
3 
3 
1 
0 

August  

25 
25 
20 
17 
9 

6 
3 

7 
7 
9 

0 

2 
4 
6 
13 

0 
1 
3 

4 

t 

September  

October  

April                                             

November  

May 

December  

June  

228 

77 

60 

46 

July 

FOGGY  DAYS  AND  DAYS  WITH  THUNDERSTORMS  IN  TWELVE  YEARS. 


Month. 

Foggy  days. 

Total 
thunder- 
storms. 

Month. 

Foggy  days. 

Total 
thunder- 
storms. 

Number. 

Average. 

Number. 

Average. 

144 
44 
25 
3 
0 

o 

12 
4 
2 
0 
0 
0 

1 
3 
6 
1 
3 
0 

July                

0 
1 
4 
15 
75 
160 

0 
0 
0 

1 

6 
13 

1 

2 
12 
5 
1 
0 

September  

April              

October  

May 

November  

HIGHEST  WIND  VELOCITY  (MILES  PER  HOUR)  AND  DIRECTION  FOR  TWELVE  YEARS. 


Month. 

Year. 

Velocity. 

Direction. 

Month. 

Year. 

Velocity. 

Direction. 

1898 

Milet. 
32 

NW. 

July                                             

1893 

Milet. 

24 

NW. 

1894 

30 

NW 

1891 

24 

NW. 

1896 

38 

SE 

1899 

28 

NW. 

April 

1894 

30 

NW. 

October  

1892 

25 

NW. 

May 

1894 

30 

NW. 

1892 

30 

SE. 

1891 

30 

NW. 

December  

1891 

24 

NW. 

CLIMATOLOGY    OF    THE    GREAT    VALLEY. 
AVERAGE  MONTHLY  RELATIVE  HCMIDITY  (PER  CENT)  FOR  TWELVE  YEARS. 


109 


Month. 

Percent. 

Month. 

Per  cent. 

79 

July  . 

33 

Tol 

August                                                                            ' 

34 

March                                            

68 

September  

42 

April 

»| 

October    . 

56 

Mav                                            

51 

November  

65 

11 

82 

i 

m 

*.  .    :•-,--* 


gj.t^.^-c* 


155?'^. 


iHIJIliF'l'^' 


•'  i  *  A' 
-,^y>' 


--  >  ii 


Si 


Fie.  12.— Seasonal  rainfall  at  Fresnu,  Cal.,  Iruui  UK  tu  1901. 


110 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 


SUNSHINE  FOR  THE  YEARS  1898,  1899,  AND  1900. 
[N.  lat.  36°  43'.] 


\ 

Percentage  of  sunshine  recorded  during  hours  ending  (local  time)— 

Total 
(hours). 

Per- 
centage 
of  pos- 
sible. 

5k 

a.m. 

6' 

7k 

8k 

9k 

10k 

Ilk 

Noon. 

Ik 

•2h 

3k 

4k 

5k 

6k 

7k 

8k 

1898. 

56 
44 
41 
50 

55 
59 
65 
61 

63 
71 
61 
68 

70 
76 
62 
67 

75 
76 
66 
65 

'  82 
83 
68 
63 

79 
85 
.  71 
65 

77 
82 
68 
60 

65 
69 
66 
53 

51 

40 
45 
38 

83 
47 
43 
37 

197.6 
198.7 
212.2 
223.2 

68 
68 

57 
55 

February                .  .  .  .  '.  . 

71 
38 
53 

March 

33 
49 

46 
40 

59 

0 

May  

June....         

50 
58 
67 

50 
65 
73 
64 
100 

47 
55 
74 
66 
41 
67 

50 
61 
.70 
68 
46 
60 
49 

63 
69 
75 
66 
63 
60 
45 

73 
69 
78 
77 
58 
67 
58 

70 
70 
78 
79 
55 
77 
71 

72 
75 
75 
83 
66 
80 
74 

80 
75 
76 
80 
58 
81 
77 

74 
71 
79 
78 
58 
70 
73 

73 
68 
70 
70 
64 
57 
67 

61 
52 
64 
66 
60 
49 
54 

54 
44 
55 
61 
44 
46 
60 

52 
41 
69 
66 
36 

64 
51 
71 
48 

57 
48 
56 

285.4 
283.0 
311.2 
264.2 
177.2 
190.6 
175.2 

62 
60 
72 
70 
52 
66 
63 

July 

August  

October  

December  

Sum  

Percentage  of  pos- 
sible   

1899. 
January  «  

February        

84 
30 
80 
85 
85 
97 
87 
83 
40 
0 
0 

82 
43 
82 
95 
90 
100 
93 
89 
49 
11 
1 

97 
54 
87 
99 
93 
100 
96 
97 
64 
31 
11 

98 
69 
96 
98 
95 
100 
95 
99 
69 
38 
13 

100 
72 
95 
97 
99 
100 
96 
98 
77 
49 
14 

100 
73 
98 
97 
100 
100 
95 
100 
75 
53 
19 

100 
68 
96 
97 
99 
100 
95 
100 
81 
57 
23 

100 
74 
87 
97 
97 
100 
94 
100 
77 
61 
20 

100 
75 
87 
98 
96 
100 
94 
98 
75 
56 
23 

95 
67 
86 
97 
94 
100 
95 
98 
65 
44 
18 

84 
55 
.    81 
95 
90 
99 
93 
89 
47 
25 
10 

70 
37 
60 
91 
90 
97 
88 
85 
31 
0 

284.5 
219.  9 
333.1 
405.0 
406.7 
438.0 
387.3 
353.4 
225.9 
126.8 
46.0 

94 
59 
84 
92 
92 
98 
92 
95 
65 
41 
15 

March 

27 
83 
69 
83 
91 
82 
93 
100 

17 
48 
83 
87 
91 
84 
100 

70 
88 
88 
60 

April  

May 

61 
84 
81 

July  

September  

October  

November 

December  

Sum  

Percentage  of  pos- 
,     sible  

1900. 
January  

6 
65 
54 
71 
75 
89 
95 
90 
88 
66 
20 
3 

7 
77 
68 
76 
80 
91 
96 
92 
95 
74 
27 
3 

8 
81 
86 
82 
86 
96 
94 
97 
96 
75 
41 
3 

13 
80 
91 
82 
91 
99 
97 
98 
99 
81 
48 
3 

15 

81 
93 
82 
89 
100 
97 
99 
98 
84 
50 
4 

17 
86 
98 
84 
92 
97 
94 
99 
97 
89 
53 
15 

22 
82 
96 
83 
86 
98 
97 
100 
100 
93 
50 
21 

25 
81 
97 
84 
78 
95 
% 
99 
97 
84 
44 
15 

22 
83 
92 
78 
79 
95 
97 
97 
92 
80 
37 
12 

17 
74 
83 
71 
79 
91 
% 
95 
85 
65 
29 
11 

6 

62 
64 
65 
67 
80 
94 
90 
74 
58 
100 

46.6 
236.6 
303.7 
295.6 
337.9 
398.9 
424.7 
396.7 
338.6 
267.6 
121.9 
26.9 

15 
78 
82 
75 
77 

yi 

95 
94 
91 
77 
40 
9 

February 

72 
55 
62 
61 
86 
94 
87 
77 
59 
30 

March  

82 
52 
58 
83 
93 
89 
75 
50 

7> 
60 
59 
74 
91 
87 
67 

70 
74 
90 
100 

April 

May  

78 
83 
95 

July  ... 

August  

October  

December  i  

Sum  

256 

582 

683 

722 
60 

786 
66 

845 
70 

882 
74 

892 
74 

921 

77 

928 
77 

895 
75 

864 
72 

7% 
72 

760 

516 

334 

3,  195.  7 
266.3 

824 
69 

Percentage  of  pos- 
sible 

j 

a  No  record. 


CLIMATE    OF    SANTA    CLARA    VALLEY. 


The  Santa  Clara  Valley  lies  between  the  Santa  Cruz  Mountains  on  the  west  and  the  foothills 
of  the  Coast  Range  on  the  east.  In  some  respects  it  is  an  ideal  valley  in  which  to  study  the  gen- 
eral movements  of  the  air  and  the  modifications  of  the  same  due  to  topography.  We  are  fortu- 
nately able  to  discuss  the  principal  climatic  factors  for  the  following  stations:  Menlo  Park,  San 
Mateo.  San  Jose,  and  the  Lick  Observatory  at  Mount  Hamilton.  Mount  Tamalpais  and  San 
Francisco  should  be  added  to  the  list  for  a  proper  understanding  of  the  air  movement  through 
the  valley.  As  has  been  stated  before,  the  prevailing  westerly  winds  are  strongly  intensified 
at  the  Golden  Gate,  and  the  whole  effect  of  the  topography  is  to  force  the  air  down  the  valley. 
Some  interesting  relations  showing  the  effect  of  topography  upon  rainfall  become  apparent. 
The  mountain  stations  show  a  much  larger  rainfall.  On  Tamalpais  the  rainfall  exceeds  that  of 
San  Francisco  in  the  ratio  of  3  to  2,  and  at  Mount  Hamilton  the  rainfall  exceeds  that  of  San  Jose 
in  the  ratio  of  2  to  1.  The  gradual  increase  in  rainfall  even  in  so  short  a  distance  as  50  miles  is 
also  apparent.  The  mean  annual  rainfall  at  San  Jose  is  l-t.88  inches,  at  Menlo  Park  16.43 
inches,  at  San  Mateo  20.71  inches,  and  at  San  Francisco  23  inches.  In  other  words,  within  a 
distance  of  50  miles,  from  San  Jose  to  San  Francisco,  we  find  an  increase  of  nearly  8  inches  in 
rainfall,  and  this  increase  is  nearl\T  in  proportion  to  the  distance  from  San  Francisco. 

The  following  comparative  data  for  the  six  stations  for  a  period  of  three  years  serve 
excellently  to  show  the  general  features  of  the  climate  of  the  Santa  Clara  Valley: 

N  MONTHLY  AND  ANNUAL  TEMPERATURE  (DEGREES  FAHRENHEIT). 


Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Mean. 

>  - 

Mount  Tamalpais                     

40.8 

46.4 

46.6 

56.0 

50.5 

61.9 

70.0 

67.5 

62.6 

59.4 

51.2 

45.7 

54.9 

46.7 

52.6 

5L2 

54.5 

52.6 

59.0 

56.0 

58.0 

59.0 

61.2 

55.4 

497 

54.7 

35.7 

42.8 

39.1 

50.8 

47.9 

62.0 

71.4 

70.5 

61.8 

56.0 

46.5 

43.3 

52.3 

San  Jose             

43.4 

53.3 

5L8 

57.7 

57.0 

65.3 

65.1 

65.2 

63.1 

61.1 

55.0 

46.3 

57.2 

Menlo  Park 

44.9 

52.6 

49.9 

59.1 

58.7 

66.7 

69.0 

66.6 

65.1 

60.5 

52.4 

46.0 

57.6 

San  Mateo               

45.9 

52.6 

54.7 

61.3 

61.5 

70.2 

67.8 

71.8 

64.9 

62.8 

54.3 

47.6 

59.6 

1899. 

47.8 

47.6 

44.6 

51.6 

51.2 

66.8 

71.0 

61.4 

73.2 

55.3 

49.4 

47.7 

55.6 

53.0 

51.6 

62.2 

54.6 

52.6 

56.9 

55.9 

58.3 

58.2 

59.3 

56.8 

49.6 

54.9 

Lick  Observatorv     

42.5 

41.0 

39.6 

47.6 

46.3 

63.7 

71.6 

61.3 

69.8 

50.2 

46.9 

45.6 

52.2 

56.4 

52.2 

54.7 

59.1 

58.4 

67.8 

67.4 

65.5 

66.0 

60.4 

57.6 

50.4 

59.7 

Menlo  Park 

47  8 

50.0 

53.5 

57.4 

58.4 

66.0 

65.9 

65.8 

63.3 

59.2 

56.0 

48.6 

57  7 

San  Mateo 

51.6 

49.0 

52.8 

56.4 

58.0 

68.3 

67.7 

67.4 

64.9 

61.0 

58.8 

49.3 

58.8 

1900. 

47.4 

48.4 

52.2 

48.6 

55.4 

62.2 

69.8 

64.0 

60.4 

55.2 

53.6 

48.8 

55.5 

50.7 

53.6 

55.2 

54.0 

57.0 

57.6 

58.2 

59.7 

63.3 

58.9 

56.3 

50.2 

56  2 

47.5 

43.0 

48.1 

43.0 

52.9 

63.8 

71.6 

62.1 

56.3 

51.6 

51.1 

47.2 

53.2 

51.3 

53.5 

56.4 

58.8 

64.8 

67.8 

69.8 

70.0 

68.4 

63.4 

58.2 

50.6 

61  1 

Menlo  Park                      

51.4 

52.6 

57.6 

55.9 

62.4 

66.5 

67.3 

67.3 

65.6 

59.4 

57.4 

50.2 

59.5 

52.2 

52.0 

58.3 

59.2 

65.8 

66.9 

70.0 

67.7 

66.1 

60.7 

59.4 

48.6 

60.6 

111 


112 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 

MONTHLY  AND  ANNUAL  PRECIPITATION  (INCHES  AND  HUNDREDTHS). 


Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1898. 
Mount  Tamalpais  

6.69 

0.73 

0.60 

4.84 

1.05 

0.00 

0.00 

0.80 

1.48 

1.35 

1.42 

1  12 

2  13 

0.24 

0  19 

1  44 

0  19 

0  00 

T 

1  06 

0  86 

0  46 

1  62 

9  31 

Lick  Observatory  

2.30 

4.16 

2.04 

0.84 

2.41 

0.38 

0.00 

0.00 

0.29 

1.33 

1.23 

2  13 

17  11 

0  9H 

1.93 

0.52 

0.20 

0  44 

0  06 

0  00 

0  00 

1  13 

0  61 

0  45 

0  44 

6  71 

San  Mateo  

1.46 

3.04 

0.64 

0.25 

0.94 

0.19 

0.00 

0.00 

1  57 

0.81 

0.55 

1.35 

10  80 

1.38 

2.24 

0.58 

0  15 

0  63 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

2  00 

0  73 

0  31 

0  99 

9  01 

1899. 
Mount  Tamalpais  

5.92 

0.28 

10.38 

1.89 

1.70 

0.29 

0.00 

0.01 

0.00 

4  26 

7.48 

4.65 

36.86 

3.67 

0.10 

7.61 

0.62 

0.86 

0  01 

0  00 

T 

0  00 

3  92 

3  79 

2  65 

23  23 

5  63 

0  75 

11  11 

1  40 

1  47 

0  39 

0  00 

0  12 

T 

6  37 

4  g2 

4  16 

36  32 

1.88 

0.21 

4.17 

0.48 

0.65 

T 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

3  26 

2  79 

1  43 

14  78 

4  21 

0  37 

9  02 

1  0'' 

0  67 

0  71 

0  00 

0  02 

0  00 

3  89 

4  70 

2  57 

27  18 

Menlo  Park  

3.62 

0.42 

6.07 

0.34 

0.70 

0.05 

0  00 

0  05 

0  00 

3  08 

3  22 

1  87 

19  39 

1900. 

6.04 

1  91 

2  91 

2  52 

0  58 

0  31 

0  00 

0  00 

1  10 

3  44 

4  31 

2  82 

25  94 

San  Francisco  

4.11 

0.64 

1.91 

1.08 

0.32 

0.05 

T 

T 

0  46 

1  48 

3  91 

1  37 

15  33 

3  26 

1  70 

3  37 

4  06 

1  35 

T 

0  01 

0  02 

0  08 

3  48 

7  76 

2  21 

27  50 

San  Jose  

2.05 

0.44 

1.36 

1.66 

0.96 

0  01 

0  02 

0  00 

0  17 

0  62 

4  36 

1  32 

12  97 

6  55 

0  84 

2  19 

1  23 

0  55 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  50 

1  64 

5  39 

2  31 

20  20 

Menlo  Park  

3.69 

0.52 

1.46 

1  00 

0.66 

0.05 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

2  00 

4  61 

1  99 

15  98 

The  mean  annual  temperature  for  three  years  at  Mount  Tamalpais  is  55.3°,  and  for  San 
Francisco  for  the  same  period  is  55.3°,  which  is  practically  the  temperature  of  the  Pacific  Ocean 
near  the  Golden  Gate.  The  mean  annual  temperature  for  San  Jose  for  a  period  of  twenty -six 
years  is  58°,  and  for  San  Francisco  56°.  The  mean  annual  temperature  on  Mount  Hamilton  is 
52°.  At  both  of  the  mountain  stations  there  is  a  well-marked  seasonal  curve  of  temperature. 
Comparing  the  mean  annual  temperatures  it  would  appear  that  from  sea  level  to  1,000  meters 
elevation  the  fall  in  temperature  is  1.5°  C.  In  January  the  mean  temperatures  are,  from  sea 
level  up,  10.1°,  7.4°,  and  5.5°  C.,  or  there  is  a  vertical  gradient  of  1°  fall  for  260  meters.  But 
in  July  this  gradient  is  inverted,  and  the  temperatures  run  from  sea  level  upward  as  follows: 
13.7°,  21.3°,  and  22°  C.,  or  at  the  rate  of  1°  rise  for  44  meters.  These  temperature  inversions 
are  due  to  the  water  vapor  carried  by  the  winds  through  the  Gate  from  the  Pacific  and  down  the 
valleys.  Under  normal  conditions  ascending  air  cools  at  the  rate  of  1CC.  for  100  meters  of 
ascent.  But  our  experiments  at  Mount  Tamalpais  show  that  often  the  temperature  contrasts  are 
more  marked  than  the  general  averages  quoted  above  would  indicate.  Sea-level  temperatures 
(12°  or  13°  C.)  and  fog  often  prevail  to  the  500-meter  level,  while  at  700  meters  clear  weather 
with  temperatures  of  25°  or  26°  C.  prevail.  For  example,  on  July  15,  1900,  at  5  p.  m.,  the 
temperature  at  San  Francisco  was  11°  C.  (52°  F.),  at  Point  Reyes  13°  C.  (55°  F.),  and  at  Mount 
Tamalpais  27°  C.  (80°  F.).  It  is  also  interesting  to  note  that  the  temperatures  at  Red  Bluff, 
Sacramento,  and  Fresno  were  respectively  39°  C.  (102°  F.),  33°  C.  (92°  F.),  and  38°  C.  (100°  F.). 
The  mean  of  three  temperature  values  at  different  points  in  fog  gave  a  temperature  of  10°  C.  or 
50°  F.  as  the  temperature  of  condensation  or  the  dew-point.  The  maximum  weight  of  the  water 
vapor  per  cubic  foot  at  this  temperature  is  4.076  grains. 

MENLO  PARK. 

Menlo  Park  is  situated  about  25  miles  in  an  air  line  south  of  San  Francisco,  in  latitude  37° 
27'  north,  longitude  122°  11'  west.  To  the  east  lies  the  southern  portion  of  San  Francisco  Bay, 
about  4  miles  wide.  The  average  elevation  is  between  50  and  60  feet.  About  3  miles  to  the 
west  the  land  rises,  varying  in  elevation  from  100  to  500  feet.  To  the  southwest,  at  a  distance 
of  about  8  miles,  the  Montara  Mountains  attain  heights  of  from  1,000  to  2,000  feet. 

The  mean  annual  temperature,  based  upon  records  covering  a  period  of  twent3T-three  years, 
is  57.7°,  which  is  practically  the  same  temperature  as  that  of  San  Jose  and  about  2°  warmer 
than  that  of  San  Francisco.  The  coldest  month  is  January,  with  a  mean  temperature  of  47.3°, 
and  the  warmest  is  July,  with  a  mean  temperature  of  67.7°.  The  highest  temperature  recorded 
is  106°,  in  June,  1891,  and  the  lowest  20°,  in  December,  1879,  and  January,  1888.  Reliable  frost 
data  are  not  available. 


CLIMATE    OF    SANTA    CLARA    VALLEY. 


113 


The  mean  annual  rainfall,  based  upon  records  covering  twenty-three  years,  is  16.43  inches, 
or  nearly  2  inches  more  than  at  San  Jose  and  7  inches  less  than  at  San  Francisco.  With  the 
single  exception  of  a  heavy  rainfall  in  1886,  no  rain  has  fallen  in  July.  December  is  the  month 
of  heaviest  rainfall,  and  more  than  half  of  the  annual  rainfall  occurs  in  the  months  of  December, 
January,  February,  and  ,March.  During  the  past  twenty-three  years  there  have  been  but  two 
years  when  the  rainfall  did  not  exceed  10  inches.  In  1878  and  1898  the  annual  rainfall  was 
but  slightly  above  9  inches.  There  have  been  five  years  when  the  annual  rainfall  exceeded 
20  inches.  In  1889  the  total  rainfall  for  the  year  was  26.90  inches. 

MONTHLY  AND  ANNUAL  MEAN  TEMPERATURE  (DEGREES  FAHRENHEIT). 


Year.            Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1878          46.3 

49.3 

55.4 

59.2 

64.9 

67.6 

67.0 

64.2 

61.9 

58.2 

51.6 

45.8 

57  6 

1879                       44  8 

52.5 

55  0 

59  9 

62.5 

71  9 

67  6 

69  2 

65  0 

59  1 

50  5 

45  8 

58  6 

1880.                       441 

44.7 

48.9 

55.3 

64.2 

661 

67.0 

66.3 

63.8 

57.8 

49.3 

50  3 

56  5 

1881  49.3 

53.1 

53.9 

61.0 

64.2 

67.3 

69.7 

66.8 

63.2 

56.0 

50.3 

49.0 

58  6 

1882                      .   46.  6 

15.4 

52.1 

55.7 

65.5 

66  6 

69  0 

67.7 

63.3 

58.8 

50  7 

49  4 

1883.                         43.  4 

45.8 

54.1 

55.1 

62.6 

67.5 

65.4 

64.4 

65.9 

55  B 

49.8 

46.5 

56  4 

1884                       46.4 

48.1 

53  2 

57  2 

65  6 

65  3 

69  3 

66  0 

59  6 

56  5 

53.3 

48.3 

57  4 

1885      47.8 

51.6 

55.3 

58.5 

62.4 

63.4 

68.0 

66  3 

64.4 

58  6 

54.2 

49  2 

58  3 

1886                       47  8 

52.3 

50  1 

54.9 

61  7 

65  5 

66  5 

65.4 

61  1 

55  5 

48  7 

50  5 

56  7 

1887               46.4 

47.1 

55.8 

55.4 

61  0 

66  5 

64  2 

63.6 

64  6 

60  8 

53  6 

48.3 

57  3 

188$                       45.  8 

52,5 

51.4 

59.0 

60.4 

67.0 

70.2 

69.5 

66.7 

61  7 

55.2 

53.1 

59  4 

K89              .          47.5 

51.2 

56  3 

59.1 

61  9 

66  4 

66  0 

67  9 

66  3 

61  3 

55  8 

50  3 

59  2 

1890  45.4 

47.8 

53.7 

57.0 

C2.8 

63.7 

66.9 

66.3 

64.9 

58  9 

54.6 

48  6 

57  6 

1891       ...  .              48.7 

51.4 

55.4 

561 

61  1 

67  3 

67  6 

68  2 

64.8 

60  9 

56  1 

48  3 

58  8 

1892  50.3 

52.9 

56.5 

55.3 

64.8 

66.5 

67  9 

68  0 

65  4 

59  6 

54  6 

51  4 

59  4 

1893                       47.  5 

49.1 

51  5 

52.8 

57  2 

63  1 

66  2 

66  9 

61  1 

58  1 

54  4 

50  9 

56  6 

1894.  47.0 

47.7 

49.9 

•-  | 

59  7 

63  1 

67  8 

67  3 

66.4 

61  2 

55  5 

49  0 

57  8 

1895                       47  5 

52.3 

53  0 

56  6 

60  4 

66  6 

64  8 

66  8 

63  8 

61  9 

55  0 

48  2 

58  1 

1896             52.7 

54.7 

55.5 

54  8 

60  5 

67  5 

74  6 

67  5 

64  4 

60  5 

52.1 

51  5 

59  7 

1897                       47  5 

50  4 

50  4 

60  0 

65  0 

- 

68  6 

65  5 

64  3 

60  '1 

51  9 

48  0 

50  3 

1898                       44.  9 

52.6 

49  9 

59  1 

58  7 

66  7 

69  0 

66  6 

65  1 

60  5 

52.4 

46  0 

57  6 

^ao                     !   17  8 

50  0 

53  5 

57  4 

58  4 

66  0 

65  9 

65  8 

63  3 

59  2 

56  0 

48  6 

57  7 

1900                         51  4 

52.6 

57  6 

55  9 

62  4 

66  5 

67  3 

67  3 

65  6 

59  4 

57  4 

50  2 

59  5 

Mean  (23  vears)           473 

50  2 

53  4 

57  1 

62  1 

66  3 

67  7 

66  7 

64  1 

-  , 

53  2 

49  0 

57  7 

MONTHLY  AND  ANNUAL  PRECIPITATION  (INCHES  AND  HUNDREDTHS). 


1878                       2  98 

2  21    1  72 

1  36 

0  10 

0  00 

0  00 

T 

0  00 

0  00 

0  42 

0  25 

9  04 

1879  3.09 

2  73    4  27 

1  19 

0  98 

0  03 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  48 

1  66 

3.96 

18  39 

flfl»                           1  9? 

1  79    1  65 

6  44 

0  69 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  59 

8  93 

22  01 

1881      .           •         3  70 

1.56    0  68 

2  66 

0  00 

0  24 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  36 

0  71 

1  97 

11  88 

1882  0.65 

1.17  I   3  71 

0  67 

0  18 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00* 

0  23 

1  25 

1  69 

0  52 

10  07 

1883   .                      2.38 

0  52    2.70 

0  76 

•>  49 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  20 

0  73 

0  28 

0  85 

10  91 

1884  3.  35 

4.07    4  80 

3  40 

0  00 

3  16 

0  00 

0  05 

0  04 

1  86 

0  °7 

4.92 

25  92 

1885                       1  89 

C  12    0  50 

1  98 

0  04 

0  QO 

0  00 

0  00 

0  02 

0  09 

6  "^ 

•>  17 

13  03 

1886  4.97 

0  37  1   1  65 

3  34 

0  08 

0  00 

0  24 

0  00 

0  00 

0  86 

0  40 

1  26 

13  17 

1887                         0  72 

4  92    0  46 

1  18 

0  01 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  85 

2.16 

10  52 

1888                         3  *? 

1  36    2.31 

0  0* 

0  37 

1889                         0  65 

0  54    5  75 

0  69 

1  08 

0  00 

0  00 

4  96 

•  . 

10  85 

26  90 

1890  7.45 

3  27    ''76 

0  51 

1  48 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  18 

0  00 

0  00 

2  61 

18  26 

1891                         0  69 

7  02    2.17 

1  §3 

- 

0  03 

0  00 

0  00 

5  26 

18  12 

1892  .        1  07 

1  39    2  91 

0  47 

1  43 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1  14 

4  69 

6  55 

19  65 

1893                         2,44 

2.75    4  33 

1  26 

0  23 

0  00 

0  00 

1  51 

1894  4  60 

2  80    0  57 

0  00 

0  99 

0  01 

0  00 

0  00 

1  65 

1  51 

0  46 

9  65 

**°  24 

1895                         7  12 

1  59    2  30 

1  44 

0  36 

0  00 

0  00 

1  45 

1896  ...        6  76 

0  00    °  15 

3  65 

0  45 

0  00 

0  00 

0  85 

1  13 

4  67 

3  14 

23  33 

1897.  ,                        1  69 

39"'    4  20 

0  13 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1  63 

1898  .                 1.38 

2  *M    0  58 

0  15 

0  63 

<0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

2.00 

0  73 

0  31 

0  99 

9  QJ 

1899                         3  6'J 

0  42    6  67 

0  34 

0  07 

0  05 

1900  3.69 

0  5°    1  46 

1  00 

. 

0  05 

0  00 

0  00 

4  61 

1  99 

15  98 

Average  (23  vears  ^  3,04 

2  06    ->  6° 

1  .so 

0  55 

0  16 

0  01 

1176— Bull.  L— US- 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 
MAXIMUM  TEMPERATURES  (DEGREES  FAHRENHEIT). 


Year. 

Jan.  ' 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

1878      .  

73 

79 

90 

98 

86 

82 

92 

85 

70 

72 

1879                     

70 

82 

82 

90 

94 

90 

98 

91 

82 

70 

66 

1880       

66 

66 

72 

78 

90 

92 

86 

82 

90 

78 

74 

62 

1881                       

66 

72 

82 

82 

88 

86 

90 

84 

90 

76 

70 

66 

1882     

64 

66 

8J 

84 

85 

80 

92 

83 

90 

80 

73 

72 

1883           .            

64 

74 

78 

74 

92 

90 

96 

96 

99 

80 

72 

66 

1884 

60 

74 

72 

76 

86 

80 

% 

89 

82 

73 

70 

64 

1885                    

64 

72 

74 

82 

92 

81 

94 

% 

95 

88 

70 

66 

1886  

68 

70 

74 

78 

90 

88 

94 

93 

97 

80 

68 

70 

1887                 

74 

65 

81 

84 

102 

103 

87 

86 

94 

89 

75 

60 

1888        

64 

76 

76 

88 

88 

90 

101 

96 

91 

85 

72 

63 

1889                    

64 

69 

81 

81 

86 

85 

96 

88 

% 

88 

75 

62 

1890          

63 

65 

74 

82 

96 

92 

94 

92 

88 

86 

78 

67 

1891    

68 

62 

74 

80 

88 

106 

95 

104 

88 

87 

71 

62 

1892        

65 

69 

79 

79 

96 

91 

102 

102 

90 

78 

75 

67 

1893                    

65 

68 

80 

74 

86 

96 

88 

84 

80 

82 

72 

71 

1894  

60 

62 

70 

84 

86 

90 

90 

98 

98 

88 

75 

60 

1895              

68 

67 

70 

82 

90 

94 

.  90 

90 

92 

84 

7« 

68 

1896    

66 

72 

72 

72 

98 

94 

92 

84 

88 

87 

75 

62 

1897              

57 

68 

68 

85 

94 

95 

94 

86 

92 

78 

70 

66 

1898        

58 

70 

75 

89 

85 

98 

97 

90 

86 

86 

78 

65 

1899               

80 

78 

80 

84 

90 

95 

92 

92 

92 

96 

69 

64 

1900       

64 

68 

75 

73 

86 

91 

92 

99 

95 

84 

72 

66 

f   80 

78 

82 

89 

102 

106 

102 

104 

99 

96 

78 

72 

1  1899 

1899 

01879 

1898 

1887 

1891 

1892 

1891 

1883 

1899 

al890 

01878 

"Also  other  years. 
MINIMUM  TEMPERATURES  (DEGREES  FAHRENHEIT). 


1878     

34 

44 

50 

55 

52 

54 

45 

38 

32 

24 

1879                      

30 

35 

46 

46 

58 

54' 

58 

50 

40 

30 

20 

1880 

26 

28 

30 

42 

48 

50 

56 

52 

52 

44 

28 

32 

1881                        

32 

38 

34 

48 

50 

54 

54 

56 

46 

36 

30 

30 

1882   .         

26 

24 

32 

40 

52 

55 

58 

54 

45 

36 

30 

32 

1883                         

24 

24 

40 

40 

46 

54 

54 

52 

48 

37 

29 

27 

1884                

28 

24 

36 

45 

54 

56 

56 

53 

44 

40 

35 

24 

1885 

32 

32 

38 

40 

49 

49 

51 

51 

46 

39 

35 

34 

1886                .      

28 

37 

34 

37 

46 

50 

52 

50 

42 

38 

31 

32 

1887 

28 

28 

34 

42 

42 

44 

46 

44 

46 

40 

26 

32 

1888 

20 

34 

36 

42 

50 

56 

52 

54 

50 

40 

33 

38 

1889  

32 

32 

40 

46 

48 

54 

54 

50 

48 

44 

38 

34 

1890                 .        .  . 

28 

30 

36 

40 

47 

52 

53 

52 

47 

41 

36 

32 

1891  

29 

32 

37 

43 

50 

51 

53 

53 

47 

41 

35 

29 

1892 

36 

32 

38 

40 

46 

51 

52 

50 

48 

42 

38 

33 

1893        

31 

35 

36 

39 

44 

'  48 

50 

50 

45 

40 

33 

30 

1894 

30 

33 

33 

40 

43 

48 

52 

40 

49 

42 

38 

33 

1895         .      

32 

35 

35 

38 

46 

48 

42 

56 

48 

46 

36 

29 

18% 

31 

36 

34 

40 

50 

52 

55 

54 

50 

44 

30 

36 

1897             

32 

32 

35 

42 

50 

56 

56 

52 

49 

42 

34 

29 

1898  

27 

36 

32 

40 

32 

50 

52 

52 

50 

44 

34 

28 

1899 

32 

26 

38 

44 

44 

52 

50 

50 

50 

40 

42 

32 

1900  

36 

36 

38 

38 

50 

52 

52 

54 

50 

40 

40 

36 

f   20 

24 

30 

37 

32 

44 

42 

40 

42 

36 

26 

20 

1  1888 

01882 

1880 

1886 

1898 

1887 

1895 

1894 

1886 

01881 

1887 

1879 

a  Also  other  years. 


CLIMATE    OF    SANTA    CLARA    VALLEY. 


115 


SAN  MATEO. 
[Data  from  records  of  Southern  Pacific  Railway  Company.] 

San  Mateo  is  situated  in  latitude  37°  34'  north,  longitude  122°  19'  west,  about  14  miles  in 
an  air  line  south  and  slightly  east  of  San  Francisco.  By  railroad  the  distance  Ls  about  22  miles. 
The  elevation  is  about  22  feet  above  sea  level.  To  the  north  and  east,  at  a  distance  of  about  1 
mile,  are  the  waters  of  San  Francisco  Bay,  while  to  the  west,  stretching  northwest  to  southeast, 
are  the  hills  of  the  Buriburi  ridge,  with  elevations  varying  from  200  to  600  feet. 

The  mean  annual  temperature,  based  upon  records  covering  a  period  of  twenty-seven  years, 
from  1874  to  1900,  inclusive,  is  57.6°,  which,  it  is  interesting  to  notice,  is  almost  that  of  Menlo 
Park,  57.7°,  and  practically  the  same  as  that  of  San  Jose.  The  coldest  month  is  January,  with  a 
mean  temperature  of  47.9°.  and  the  warmest  is  July,  65.4°.  It  will  be  noticed  that  July  is  2.3° 
cooler  than  at  Menlo  Park,  and  1.3°  cooler  than  at  San  Jose,  but  6.6°  warmer  than  at  San 
Francisco.  The  highest  temperature  recorded  is  100°,  in  May,  1887,  and  the  lowest  25-,  on 
several  dates.  Reliable  frost  data  are  not  available. 

The  mean  annual  rainfall  is  20.71  inches,  or  about  4  inches  more  than  at  Menlo  Park. 
With  the  single  exception  of  a  rain  in  1886,  no  rain  has  fallen  during  the  month  of  July. 
The  month  of  heaviest  rainfall  is  January,  and  in  this  respect  San  Mateo  differs  from  other 
points  in  the  valley,  December  being  the  month  of  heaviest  rainfall  elsewhere.  In  the  past 
twenty-seven  years  there  has  been  but  one  year  when  the  rainfall  did  not  exceed  10  inches. 
In  1877  but  8  inches  of  rain  fell.  There  have  been  fourteen  years  when  the  annual  rainfall 
exceeded  20  inches.  In  1894  over  34  inches  fell.  The  greatest  monthly  precipitation  amounted 
to  12.44  inches,  during  December,  1889. 

MONTHLY  AXD  ANNUAL  MEAN  TEMPERATURE  (DEGREES  FAHRENHEIT). 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1874                   .  . 

48.4 

48.4 

51.0 

59.3 

62.8 

67.7 

64.3 

67.0 

63.2 

57.6 

53  1 

46  8 

1875  

47.0 

48.4 

53.2 

57.1 

61.8 

61.2 

59.7 

58.2 

57.4 

57.3 

55.3 

50.0 

55  6 

1876 

46.0 

48.7 

52.7 

55.8 

60.0 

66.6 

60.3 

61.6 

60  6 

57  5 

54.6 

47  6 

1877  

48.7 

53.6 

55.5 

55.5 

56.4 

66.4 

63.8 

61.2 

62.8 

.  58.0 

52.6 

50.0 

57  0 

1878 

50.9 

50.5 

53.0 

56.0 

60.8 

64.5 

66  4 

66.3 

65.4 

63.4 

57  1 

49  0 

58  6 

1879  .              

48.3 

53.9 

58.2 

60.8 

60.8 

68.6 

65.6 

68.0 

64.1 

61.1 

51.8 

46  0 

58  9 

1880 

43.1 

40.5 

49.9 

55.1 

63.1 

65.9 

67  2 

64  5 

65  0 

59  6 

49  3 

50  8 

56  2 

1881                  .  - 

50.  8 

51.7 

50.8 

56.5 

59.2 

60.5 

62.0 

60  0 

58  8 

51  6 

46  5 

45  6 

54.5 

1882  

43.6 

42.5 

47.7 

49.1 

56.5 

58.5 

60.2 

62.8 

60.7 

56.6 

49.4 

48  5 

53.0 

1883 

43.2 

44.9 

52.3 

52.9 

57.6 

64.5 

62.1 

60  9 

64.3 

54  9 

49  1 

46  1 

54.4 

1884  

44.8 

45.8 

50.2 

53.0 

59.2 

60.8 

64.3 

60  2 

59.8 

54.1 

52.5 

48  9 

54.5 

1885  

47.6 

5LO 

53.5 

56.6 

60.2 

61.2 

68.1 

65.2 

66.4 

61.3 

57.9 

53.6 

58  6 

1886  

50.3 

54.7 

5S.8 

57.8 

64.0 

66.6 

•  -  . 

67  5 

65  1 

59  2 

54.0 

54.1 

59  6 

1887  

50.3 

47.0 

55.1 

57.2 

60.6 

64.9 

63.6 

63.6 

64.3 

64.4 

51.2 

50  1 

57  7 

1888  . 

46  5 

5L2 

51.7 

58.3 

58  2 

67  1 

69  7 

66  7 

> 

58.1 

49  3 

50  6 

57  5 

1889  

45.5 

49.1 

54.4 

>  . 

69.7 

63.9 

60.6 

7»  0 

64.8 

57  4 

54.9 

49  3 

57  5 

1890 

44  1 

44.7 

49  1 

53.6 

60  7 

59  3 

60  4 

65  3 

61  8 

57  2 

55  6 

47  1 

54.9 

1891  

47.5 

50  3 

52.7 

55.4 

59  2 

65  7 

67  8 

68  4 

66  1 

58.5 

56.4 

47  2 

57  9 

1892 

47  7 

49  5 

53  2 

53  1 

60  2 

60  3 

64.0 

64.5 

62.4 

56  5 

53  8 

51  3 

56  4 

1893  

47  9 

49  1 

54.4 

56  0 

62  6 

65  3 

69  0 

65  5 

63.1 

59  3 

55  3 

53  0 

-  : 

1894 

49  3 

49  9 

51  7 

59  9 

62  4 

62.7 

67  4 

67  8 

69  6 

62.3 

57  6 

51  9 

59  4 

1895  .. 

49  6 

52.9 

54.5 

•-  , 

62.3 

64.6 

65  0 

63  5 

65  3 

61  7 

56  5 

50  2 

58  7 

1896  

53.6 

56.0 

58.0 

57.1 

63.3 

70.0 

69  6 

67  2 

64  4 

60  8 

53  6 

53  2 

60  6 

1897 

49  7 

52.2 

52.5 

62.7 

65  6 

68.4 

70  5 

66.0 

66  4 

60  9 

53  9 

.- 

59  8 

1898  

45.9 

52.6 

54.7 

61  3 

61  5 

70  2 

67  8 

71  8 

64.9 

. 

54.3 

47  6 

59  6 

1899 

51  6 

49  0 

y  8 

56  4 

58  0 

68  3 

67  7 

67  4 

64  9 

61  0 

58  8 

49  3 

58  8 

1900  

52.2 

52.0 

58  3 

59  2 

65  8 

66.9 

70  0 

67  7 

66  1 

60  7 

59  4 

48.6 

60  6 

Vf»n  l'-27  v**^ns) 

47  9 

49  6 

53  1 

56  8 

,...  - 

64  8 

65  4 

65  •' 

63  7 

59  0 

53  8 

49  6 

57  € 

116 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 
MAXIMUM  TEMPERATURES  (DEGREES  FAHRENHEIT). 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

1878             

.  64 

64 

68 

76 

80 

84 

86 

88 

92 

86 

70 

64 

1879                         

66 

77 

82 

83 

92 

84 

99 

92 

84 

64 

65 

1880                     

60 

58 

70 

66 

86 

90 

88 

80 

89 

78 

80 

63 

1881        

61 

65 

77 

74 

82 

77 

82 

78 

86 

67 

67 

63 

1882                       

59 

58 

73 

73 

80 

76 

86 

81 

84 

76 

62 

64 

1883                 

60 

69 

74 

65 

88 

98 

91 

90 

% 

78 

68 

62 

1884                       

59 

68 

65 

'68 

80 

74 

86 

76 

78 

76 

68 

64 

1885                   

66 

68 

75 

72 

86 

75 

88 

92 

92 

82 

74 

69 

1886                       

66 

68 

72 

76 

84 

86 

87 

90 

93 

78 

73 

67 

1887                   

70 

65 

74 

80 

100 

92 

80 

83 

91 

89 

77 

61 

1888                     

64 

72 

72 

84 

70 

80 

92 

90 

84 

81 

62 

59 

1889                

62 

70 

76 

76 

84 

79 

88 

82 

90 

84 

71 

64 

1890                      

58 

60 

62 

82 

86 

84 

80 

85 

80 

83 

68 

62 

1891                 

62 

60 

72 

80 

79 

99 

86 

98 

84 

78 

70 

60 

1892                      

62 

65 

76 

68 

87 

83 

92 

92 

80 

75 

71 

68 

1893                  

60 

65 

76 

71 

83 

94 

86 

82 

72 

82 

69 

72 

1894              

60 

63 

70 

83 

85 

81 

89 

99 

90 

87 

77 

62 

1895                 

62 

69 

71 

75 

89 

94 

92 

88 

93 

86 

79 

64 

18%               

66 

73 

74 

68 

91 

87 

88 

82 

82 

82 

64 

65 

1897                 

59 

65 

65 

82 

91 

92 

90 

85 

92 

72 

65 

60 

1898              

58 

69 

75 

87 

73 

94 

95 

83 

86 

85 

80 

67 

1899                  

73 

67 

67 

« 

84 

85 

88 

90 

92 

93 

71 

64 

1900  

64 

69 

71 

77 

83 

87 

87 

95 

93 

84 

70 

67 

J    73 

73 

77 

87 

100 

99 

95 

99 

96 

93 

80 

72 

I  1899 

1896 

a  1879 

1898 

1887 

1891 

1898 

a  1879 

1883 

1899 

"1880 

1893 

a  Also  other  years. 
MONTHLY  AND  ANNUAL  PRECIPITATION  (INCHES  AND  HUNDREDTHS). 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nor. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1874                  

5.22 

1.32 

2.16 

0.99 

0.79 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

2.46 

3.71 

0.07 

16.72 

1875                             

4.62 

0.56 

0.82 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

7.85 

3.15 

17.00 

1876                 

6.30 

4.61 

4.16 

0.20 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

2.29 

0.00 

0.00 

17.56 

1877                             

3.26 

0.75 

1.01 

0.00 

0.03 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.80 

0.81 

1.34 

8.00 

1878                                       

9.87 

9.74 

3.58. 

1.29 

0.06 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.48 

0.80 

0.72 

0.27 

26.81 

1879                         

3.86 

3.48 

5.85 

1.24 

1.58 

0.09 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.52 

1.77 

3.14 

21.53 

1880                  

2.51 

1.64 

2.13 

8.70 

0.76 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.52 

11.37 

27.63 

1881                           

4.26 

2.34 

0.80 

1.58 

0.03 

0.22 

0.00 

0.00 

0.16 

0.69 

1.16 

3.01 

14.25 

1882                  

0.79 

1.72 

3.98 

1.11 

0.08 

0.00 

0.00. 

0.00 

0.18 

1.50 

2.98 

0.84 

13.18 

1883                                

1.93 

0.59 

2.72 

1.81 

2.92 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.30 

1.14 

0.21 

0.92 

12.54 

1884                                       

3.40 

4.87 

6.38 

3.40 

0.05 

2.91 

0.00 

T. 

0.17 

1.78 

0.21 

7.59 

30.76 

J885                             

2.36 

0.19 

0.52 

4.20 

0.05 

0.10 

0.00 

0.00 

0.02 

0.13 

6.88 

2.34 

16.79 

1886                  

6.20 

0.35 

1.20 

4.50 

0.15 

0.00 

0.07 

0.00 

0.00 

1.69 

0.77 

0.95 

15.88 

1887                             

1.21 

9.16 

0.72 

1.68 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.47 

0.00 

1.08 

3.44 

17.76 

1888                  

4.73 

1.21 

3.97 

0.13 

0.67 

0.08 

0.00 

0.00 

1.03 

0.00 

4.16 

4.04 

20.02 

1889                                

1.17 

0.75 

6.94 

0.84 

1.08 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

5.98 

4.01 

12.44 

33.21 

1890                      

8.69 

4.39 

3.94 

0.79 

0.58 

0.00 

0.00 

o.oo 

0.10 

0.10 

0.00 

2.86 

21.45 

1891                                  

0.90 

9.06 

2.57 

1.95 

0.35 

o.oo 

0.00 

0.00 

0.65 

0.02 

0.65 

7.86 

24.01 

1892                      

1.88 

1.55 

2.49 

1.01 

,  1.57 

'  0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.03 

1.45 

7.67 

5.91 

•23.56 

1893                                   

3.09 

3.68 

6.49 

1.92 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.09 

0.14 

2.74 

2.95 

21.10 

1894                      '.  

7.42 

6.62 

1.07 

0.94 

0.61 

o.oo 

0.00 

0.00 

1.75 

3.03 

0.72 

12.  12 

34.28 

1895                                  

9.50 

3.23 

0.05 

1.61 

0.38 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.31 

0.33 

2.08 

1.63 

19.12 

1896                       

8.89 

0.24 

2.94 

5.00 

0.83 

0.00 

0.00 

0.46 

0.52 

1.31 

4.87 

2.98 

28.04 

1897                                       

2.02 

5.76 

6.42 

0.06 

0.00 

0.05 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

2.61 

1.00 

1.84 

]9.76 

1898                         

1.46 

3.04 

0.64 

0.25 

0.94 

0.19 

0.00 

0.00 

1.57 

0.81 

0.55 

1.35 

10.80 

1899                                            .  .. 

4.21 

0.37 

9.02 

1.02 

0.67 

0.71 

0.00 

0.02 

0.00 

3.89 

4.70 

2.57 

27.18 

1900  

5.55 

0.84 

2.19 

1.23 

0.55 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.50 

1.64 

5.39 

2.31 

20.20 

4.27 

3.04 

3.14 

1.76 

0.55 

0.16 

T. 

0.02 

0.31 

1.30 

2.49 

3.08 

20.71 

CLIMATE    OF   SANTA    CLARA    VALLEY. 


117 


MINIMUM  TEMPERATURES  (DEGREES  FAHRENHEIT). 


Year.              Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct.  i  Xov 

Dee. 

1878         ,.  28 

- 

37 

45 

50 

54 

56 

54 

54 

48'    4 

30 

1879              ;  

34 

47 

52 

44 

55 

56 

50 

50 

48     3 

25 

1880                     26 

30 

34 

42 

50 

52 

56 

50 

48 

46     31 

34 

1881              34 

40 

36 

45 

50 

49 

49 

50 

48 

34     3 

32 

1882                     27 

26 

32 

39 

48 

50 

.  52 

54 

50 

42     3- 

31 

1883            25 

28 

41 

45 

48 

52 

52 

50 

50 

38     3 

30 

1884  .     31 

28 

38 

43 

50 

54 

55 

51 

50 

43     3! 

1      28 

1885                 34 

36 

41 

43 

50 

52 

58 

56 

54 

46     4 

5  '    40 

1886     34 

44 

40 

48 

54 

55 

57 

56 

50 

45     3 

1  1     40 

1887                 34 

32 

42 

50 

50 

54 

54 

50 

45     3- 

t  I     38 

1888       26 

40 

40 

50 

50 

60 

« 

56 

52 

44     3 

i      38 

1889                     32 

32 

40 

50 

50 

55 

50 

50 

45 

46     31 

1      36 

1890        30 

30 

38 

44 

48 

50 

50 

52 

51 

40     31 

i      34 

1891                               30 

32 

39 

44 

50 

50 

55 

56 

52 

42     a 

)      30 

1892                35 

35 

42 

44 

48 

50 

54 

52 

53 

43     3 

M     35 

1893     35 

36 

39 

46 

52 

55 

58 

56 

52 

44     3 

i      39 

1894                 ...      32 

36 

39 

n 

52 

56 

57 

54 

49     « 

it     36 

1895      35 

37 

39 

46 

to 

53 

53 

57 

53 

51     4 

it     34 

1896                         ...     38 

41 

39 

47 

51 

59 

60 

55 

48     31 

1      42 

1897             37 

36 

39 

50 

53 

58 

58 

56 

54 

46     4 

1  1     34 

MB                            30 

37 

39 

45 

53 

H 

58 

57 

55 

48     3 

r    33 

1899             37 

32 

42 

48 

48 

56 

59 

57 

51 

45     4 

I      35 

1900                               39 

37 

45 

44 

57 

57 

60 

60 

53 

45  1    4 

1  1     33 

125 

26 

32 

39 

44 

49 

49 

50 

45 

34     31 

1      25 

1883 

am 

1882 

1882 

1879 

1881 

1881 

01879 

- 

1881  |  «188I 

)    1879 

«  Also  other  years. 
SAN  JOSE. 

San  Jose,  the  county  seat  of  Santa  Clara  County,  lies  about  50  miles  southeast  of  San 
Francisco,  or  about  8  miles  southeast  of  the  lower  end  of  San  Francisco  Bay. 

The  elevation  of  San  Jose  varies  from  about  80  to  100  feet  above  sea  level,  and  an  elevation 
of  400  feet,  except  immediately  south  of  the  city,  i.s  not  reached  within  a  radius  of  5  miles. 
Within  10  miles  elevations  ranging  from  400  to  2,000  feet  are  reached.  The  general  movement 
of  the  air  is  from  the  northwest.  The  influence  of  the  Golden  Gate,  with  its  strong  indraft  of 
cool,  fog-laden  air  is  noticeable  throughout  the  Santa  Clara  Valley.  The  valley,  however,  is 
somewhat  sheltered  f  roiij  the  strong  westerly  surface  currents  prevalent  on  the  coast  of  California. 
Summer  fogs,  especially  when  low,  do  not  drift  inland,  being  as  a  rule  barred  by  the  mountains. 
High  fogs  occasionally  blow  over  and  down  the  mountain  sides.  Low  winter  fogs  are  not 
infrequent,  and  are  probably  due  as  elsewhere  to  a  settling  of  the  cooler  air  in  the  lowlands. 

The  mean  annual  temperature,  based  upon  records  extending  over  a  period  of  twenty-six 
years,  is  58°.  The  coldest  month  is  January,  with  a  mean  temperature  of  48°.  and  the  warmest 
is  July,  66.7°. 

The  highest  temperature  recorded  within  this  period  of  twenty  six  year.-  was  l<»4  .  The 
temperature  has  reached  100  but  live  times.  The  lowest  temperature  was  18-,  or  an  absolute 
range  of  86-.  No  frost  data  are  available. 

The  mean  annual  rainfall  for  twenty-six  years  is  14.88  inches.  About  half  of  this  falls  in 
December,  January,  and  February.  July  and  August  are  practically  rainless,  as  only  three  times 
during  July  and  once  in  August  has  rain  fallen  to  an  appreciable  extent.  The  rain  has  exceeded 
20  inches  in  four  years  and  less  than  10  has  fallen  in  four  years.  The  driest  year  was  1875, 
with  5.51  inches,  and  the  year  with  greatest  rainfall  was  1889,  with  25.55  inches.  The  greatest 
monthlv  rainfall  was  10.55  in  December,  188t>. 


118 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 
MAXIMUM  TEMPERATURES  (DEGREES  FAHRENHEIT). 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

1878                    

78 

68 

75 

74 

83 

94 

90 

92 

86 

82 

75 

75 

1879 

72 

86 

82 

86 

94 

94 

99 

93 

87 

72 

74 

1880                

66 

66 

78 

66 

89 

89 

91 

90 

92 

87 

75 

68 

1881 

'  66 

72 

83 

85 

89 

82 

93 

84 

92 

84 

75 

54 

1882                 

64 

62 

80 

69 

88 

84 

92 

90 

93 

80 

74 

68 

1883 

66 

82 

82 

70 

99 

103 

92 

92 

96 

81 

71 

63 

1884 

70 

71 

72 

71 

81 

80 

94 

90 

84 

83 

72 

72 

1885  

68 

68 

80 

76 

90 

78 

86 

95 

98 

90 

74 

66 

1886 

64 

72 

74 

75 

83 

93 

% 

94 

94 

83 

70 

65 

1S87  

71 

70 

78 

84 

104 

95 

92 

87 

94 

88 

80 

65 

1888 

65 

78 

76 

86 

82 

88 

96 

98 

93 

89 

74 

65 

1889. 

62 

71 

78 

80 

89 

85 

93 

89 

95 

86 

75 

62 

1890 

60 

68 

72 

82 

93 

90 

92 

90 

86 

85 

76 

70 

1891...               .   . 

68 

65 

76 

83 

87 

104 

99 

101 

89 

83 

76 

63 

1892  

65 

67 

76 

74 

95 

90 

100 

% 

87 

85 

78 

72 

1893...       ..        . 

62 

67 

78 

74 

85 

94 

89 

90 

79 

81 

77 

•78 

1894 

63 

64 

76 

86 

84 

89 

92 

98 

94 

87 

77 

60 

1895. 

62 

71 

71 

81 

87 

96 

94 

92 

92 

86 

84 

70 

1896  

65 

75 

73 

68 

93 

94 

94 

85 

83 

88 

69 

64 

1897. 

60 

73 

70 

84 

90 

92 

90 

1  88 

78 

69 

64 

1898  

60 

70 

73 

87 

76 

89 

93 

92 

87 

82 

78 

65 

1899 

78 

80 

72 

80 

86 

88 

87 

82 

89 

90 

70 

C2 

Absolute  maximum  and  year 

78 

82 

86 

87 

104 

104 

100 

101 

98 

90 

84 

78 

1  a  1878 

1883 

1879 

1898 

1887 

1891 

1892 

1891 

1885 

a  1885 

1895 

1893 

a  Also  1899. 


MINIMUM  TEMPERATURES  (DEGREES  FAHRENHEIT). 


1878  

• 
27 

38 

37 

40 

47 

41 

50 

5, 

48 

40 

30 

25 

1879             .          

30 

37 

41 

45 

50 

48 

62 

52 

42 

32 

24 

1880 

27 

SO 

33 

40 

41 

50 

52 

50 

48 

42 

25 

32 

1881                ... 

34 

35 

35 

45 

48 

47 

52 

52 

47 

32 

31 

32 

1882     

24 

30 

35 

40 

44 

50 

52 

52 

50 

39 

32 

30 

1883 

24 

24 

39 

37 

42 

54 

54 

52 

52 

41 

30 

29 

1884    

30 

28 

39 

44 

48 

62 

52 

53 

48 

40 

37 

30 

1885 

35 

36 

40 

40 

48 

50 

50 

54 

50 

44 

38 

34 

1886     

32 

40 

37 

40 

48 

50 

54 

53 

48 

41 

35 

34 

1887 

31 

32 

38 

42 

44 

46 

50 

50 

50 

45 

30 

33 

1888      

22 

35 

38 

44 

48 

54 

">1 

54 

55 

43 

38 

39 

1889  

32 

32 

41 

47 

51 

56 

55 

52 

50 

46 

38 

34 

1890           

30 

32 

37 

43 

46 

53 

52 

51 

50 

42 

38 

35 

1891  

30 

31 

38 

44 

•  "• 
50 

51 

53 

55 

49 

43 

36 

31 

1892       ..     ... 

37 

35 

42 

4'' 

47 

52 

53 

54 

48 

42 

37 

34 

1893  

35 

36 

38 

44 

45 

Til 

48 

52 

45 

41 

37 

30 

1894 

18 

24 

26 

29 

32 

35 

41 

42 

37 

35 

27 

'*2 

1895  '.  

32 

37 

36 

43 

46 

50 

54 

53 

48 

48 

34 

30 

1896 

33 

38 

37 

42 

42 

62 

55 

53 

50 

43 

30 

37 

1897  

26 

24 

26 

34 

35 

40 

54 

54 

42 

35 

29 

1898  . 

30 

35 

36 

42 

50 

50 

48 

54 

59 

47 

36 

30 

1899  .'  

34 

30 

37 

46 

44 

63 

54 

52 

50 

45 

46 

36 

Absolute  minimum  and  year  

I   W 

1  1894 

24 
"1883 

26 
61894 

29 
1894 

32 
1894 

35 
1894 

41 
1894 

42 
1894 

37 
1894 

32 
1881 

25 
1880 

22 
1894 

"Also  1894  and  1897. 


6  Also  1897. 


CLIMATE    OF    SANTA    CLARA    VALLEY. 
MONTHLY  AND  ANNUAL  MEAN  TEMPERATURE  (DEGREES  FAHRENHEIT). 


119 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dee. 

Annual. 

1874    

„  46.8 

49.3 

51.8 

58.8 

67.7 

76.1 

71.1 

68.7 

71.0 

64.3 

56.8 

57.9 

61.7 

1875          

49.8 

53.3 

54.4 

62.1 

66.6 

68.5 

68.8 

70.1 

64.7 

65.5 

53.5 

53.1 

60.9 

1876   

42.2 

49.6 

57.8 

67.9. 

59.2 

69.6 

65.2 

66.1 

65.2 

64.0 

55.5 

47.6 

58.3 

1877            

50.6 

51.4 

55.8 

55.1 

57.2 

68.0 

67.4 

64.9 

63.9 

58.2 

54.1 

51.9 

58.2 

1878       

53.6 

52.1 

54.1 

54.8 

50.1 

64.8 

64.8 

65.7 

62.2 

56.4 

52.8 

46.1 

56.5 

1879             

46.9 

52.8 

55.9 

56.5 

57.8 

66.1 

66.3 

67.1 

64.0 

59.5 

52.4 

46.5 

57.6 

1880        

45.0 

45.7 

49.0 

52.9 

59.0 

62.1 

64.7 

65,7 

62.1 

58.9 

48.5 

52.6 

55.5 

1881             

57.7 

53.  2 

54.5 

60.0 

62.3 

60.5 

66.3 

64.3 

62.2 

56.8 

49.7 

47.1 

57.9 

1882          

40.4 

45.3 

52.1 

51.9 

5S.9 

61.9 

65.6 

65.6 

65.4 

56.6 

52.0 

47.3 

55.2 

1883     

43.7 

46.1 

53.0 

53.7 

59.8 

68.8 

66.8 

66.  S 

67.1 

57.5 

50.8 

47.3 

56.7 

1884           

48.0 

48.6 

52.6 

55.2 

60.2 

61.6 

65.4 

65.6 

62.0 

56.3 

54.5 

51.7 

56.8 

1885      

49.4 

51.9 

55.8 

55.5 

60.2 

61.3 

65.8 

65.4 

64.6 

61.6 

56.3 

52.4 

58.3 

1886               

49.1 

53.  8 

51.0 

54.7 

60.5 

63.9 

66.3 

66.7 

63.7 

57.3 

52.3 

52.4 

57.6 

1887          

50.3 

48.2 

54.8 

54.3 

58.6 

63.9 

64.8 

63.3 

64.7 

62.5 

54.6 

50.5 

57.5 

1888     

46.4 

52.6 

52.8 

58.3 

59.8 

65.2 

66.8 

68.6 

68.0 

62.3 

56.5 

52.9 

59.2 

1889              

47.6 

50.9 

56.7 

59.7 

61.9 

66.2 

66.1 

67.2 

67.7 

61.5 

56.3 

50.5 

59.4 

1890       

45.0 

48.7 

53.9 

56.7 

63.5 

63.6 

65.9 

66.8 

64.9 

60.5 

55.1 

48.6 

57.8 

1891  

49.0 

51.3 

54.4 

55.4 

60.0 

65.2 

69.4 

69.4 

65.4 

61.9 

56.5 

48.2 

58.8 

1892           

50.7 

52.5 

54.9 

54.5 

61.4 

62.7 

66.0 

66.8 

64.2 

60.0 

55.8 

50.3 

58.3 

1893 

47.7 

50.0 

53.1 

54.4 

58.7 

61.1 

65.8 

65.7 

62.0 

58.6 

55.5 

52.3 

57.1 

1891              

47.3 

48.6 

49.8 

57.6 

60.8 

62.1 

67.6 

67.7 

67.6 

61.0 

57.0 

50.0 

58.1 

1895       

48.7 

53.6 

53.5 

56.8 

60.2 

66.2 

66.6 

67.3 

64.0 

62.1 

55.0 

49.3 

58.6 

1896                

49.0 

54.8 

56.1 

53.4 

59.4 

75.2 

69.3 

65.7 

62.7 

62.0 

52.2 

51.2 

59.2 

1897          

47.6 

49.8 

48.5 

59.5 

62.6 

65.8 

68.2 

65.6 

64.8 

58.5 

51.4 

47.6 

57.5 

1898                 

45.4 

53.3 

51.8 

57.7 

57.0 

65.3 

65.1 

65.2 

63.1 

61.1 

55.0 

46.3 

57.2 

1899            

56.4 

52.2 

54.7 

59.1 

58.4 

67.8 

67.4 

65.5 

66.0 

60.4 

57.6 

50.4 

59.7 

48.2 

50.7 

53.6 

56.4 

60.1 

65.5 

66.7 

66.4 

64.7 

60.  2 

54.1 

50.1 

58.1 

MONTHLY  AND  ANNUAL  PRECIPITATION  (INCHES  AND  HDNDREDTHS). 


1874                             

2.61 

0.77 

2.83 

0.87 

0.21 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.10 

1.81 

1.91 

0.08 

11.19 

1875 

2.75 

0.41 

0.39 

0.00 

0.00 

0.45 

0.00 

0.00 

e.oo 

0.00 

0.00 

1.51 

5.51 

1876                              

4.08 

3.41 

3.11 

0.41 

0.25 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.08 

1.35 

0.02 

0.00 

12.  71 

1877                 

2.23 

0.48 

0.78 

0.00 

0.05 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.87 

0.85 

1.87 

6.63 

1878  

5.53 

6.94 

2.22 

1.48 

0.02 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.48 

0.80 

0.76 

0.97 

19.20 

1879                    .            

1.48 

3.18 

5.85 

1.24 

1.58 

0.06 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.87 

1.79 

2.99 

19.04 

1880        

1.52 

1.34 

0.96 

3.66 

0.67 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.49 

5.60 

14.24 

1881                                         .   . 

2.12 

2.04 

0.80 

1.28 

0.00 

0.12 

0.00 

0.00 

0.02 

0.45 

0.88 

1.83 

9.54 

1882               

117 

1.49 

4.26 

1.10 

0.55 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.04 

0.87 

1.32 

0.82 

11.62 

1883                                          

3.86 

0.94 

2.70 

0.66 

2.18 

Q.OO 

0.00 

0.00 

0.09 

0.67 

0.28 

0.37 

11.75 

1884                                  

3.18 

3.68 

6.23 

3.38 

0.05 

2.15 

0.00 

0.00 

0.08 

1.50 

0.06 

3.90 

24.21 

1885 

1.83 

0.18 

0.86 

2.75 

0.11 

T. 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.06 

7.39 

2.11 

15.29 

1886 

3.59 

1.12 

1.89 

4.47 

0.00 

0.00 

0.03 

0.00 

0.00 

0.49 

0.73 

0.71 

13.03 

1887 

0.68 

6.81 

0.63 

1.28 

0.00 

0.00 

0.02 

0.00 

0.61 

0.03 

0.70 

2.53 

13.29 

1888 

3.06 

1.09 

3.00 

0.31 

0.60 

0.22 

0.00 

0.00 

0.60 

0.00 

3.88 

2.44 

15.20 

1889                                      

0.50 

0.70 

5.80 

0.79 

0.96 

0.04 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

4.48 

1.73 

10.55 

25.55 

1890 

6.52 

3.64 

2.08 

0.55 

0.75 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.05 

0.00 

0.05 

2.40 

16.04 

1891                                              .     . 

0.55 

5.27 

2.46 

1.79 

0.26 

0.05 

0.00 

0.00 

0.37 

0.08 

0.46 

5.84 

17.13 

1892                             

1.11 

1.60 

4.75 

0.65 

1.60 

0.05 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.00 

4.00 

7.77 

22.53 

1893 

2.95 

2.68 

5.12 

1.35 

0.30 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.81 

1.69 

14.90 

1894 

4.73 

2.61 

0.69 

0.63 

1.36 

0.40 

0.00 

0.00 

1.08 

1.32 

0.55 

7.80 

21.17 

1895 

6.28 

1.42 

1.46 

2.05 

1.36 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.05 

0.83 

1.08 

0.84 

15.37 

18% 

5.17 

0.27 

2.22 

2.79 

0.44 

0.00 

0.01 

0.74 

0.32 

1.30 

2.82 

2.55 

18.63 

1897  

1.68 

3.43 

2.64 

0.91 

0.16 

T. 

0.00 

0.00 

0.21 

1.01 

0.37 

1.20 

11.61 

1898 

0.93 

1.93 

0.52 

0.20 

0.44 

0.06 

0.00 

0.00 

1.13 

0.61 

0.45 

0.44 

6  71 

1899                                  

1.88 

0.21 

4.17 

0.48 

0.65 

T. 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

3.26 

2.70 

1.43 

14.78 

Average  (26  veara)  

2.77 

°.  22 

2.63 

1.35 

0.56 

0.14 

T. 

0.03 

0.20 

0.89 

1.39 

2.70 

14.88 

120 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 


MOUNT   HAMILTON. 
[Lick  Observatory.] 

The  director  of  the  Lick  Observatory,  Dr.  Wallace  W.  Campbell,  has  kindly  placed  at  the 
disposal  of  the  Weather  Bureau  the  observations  made  at  Mount  Hamilton  by  different  mem- 
bers of  the  observatory  staff  from  1888  to  1900.  The  following  named  gentlemen  have  at 
various  times  acted  as  observers:  Charles  B.  Hill,  A.  J.  Burnham,  H.  K.  Curtis,  A.  O.  Leusch- 
ner,  A.  L.  Colton,  C.  D.  Perrine,  R.  G.  Aitken,  W.  H.  Wright,  H.  K.  Palmer,  E.  F.  Coddington, 
and  A.  J.  Cloud. 

The  observatory  is  situated  on  Mount  Hamilton,  a  peak  in  the  Coast  Range,  in  Santa  Clara 
County.  The  elevation  of  the  station  is  1,283  meters  (4,209  feet)  above  sea  level.  The  observa- 
tory is  situated  in  latitude  37°  20'  25.6"  north,  longitude  121°  38'  4.22"  west.  The  mountain  is 
about  14  miles  in  an  air  line  directly  east  of  the  city  of  San  Jose. 

The  records  for  temperature  at  Mount  Hamilton  cover  a  period  of  twelve  years  and  for 
precipitation  twenty  years.  The  mean  annual  temperature  is  52°.  The  coldest  month  .is 
January,  with  a  mean  temperature  of  39.7°,  and  the  warmest  month  is  July,  with  a  mean  temper- 
ature of  69.4°.  The  highest  temperature  recorded  is  94°,  on  July  1,  1891,  and  the  lowest  13°, 
on  February  4,  1899. 

Rain  falls  in  every  month  of  the  year,  but  in  July  and  August  the  showers  are  light  and 
infrequent.  The  mean  annual  precipitation  is  32  inches,  which,  it  is  interesting  to  notice,  is 
more  than  double  that  of  San  Jose,  where  the  mean,  based  upon  records  covering  twenty-six 
years,  is  but  14.88  inches.  The  ratio  of  the  rainfall  on  the  mountain  to  that  in  the  valley  appears 
to  be  fairly  constant  for  all  months  in  the  year.  December  is  the  month  of  heaviest  precipitation 
on  the  mountain.  More  than  half  of  the  annual  rainfall  occurs  in  the  four  months  of  December, 
January,  February,  and  March.  The  annual  precipitation  has  exceeded  30  inches  during  eight 
years  of  the  twenty,  and  has  fallen  below  20  inches  during  two  years.  These  dry  years  were 
1885,  when  the  rainfall  amounted  to  but  18.23  inches,  and  the  memorable  1898,  when  but  17.11 
inches  fell.  The  years  of  maximum  rainfall  were  1884,  when  90.12  inches  fell,  and  1894,  when 
44.49  inches  fell. 

MAXIMUM  TEMPERATURES  (DEGREES  FAHRENHEIT). 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dee. 

1889  

60 

70 

64 

74 

1890  

55 

61 

60 

71 

1891  

61 

49 

59 

1892  

60 

68 

66 

1893  

72 

74 

62 

65 

1894  

54 

64 

-Q 

* 

65 

1895  

58 

64 

64 

74 

1896  

65 

67 

66 

1897  

59 

60 

53 

73 

1898  

62 

65 

60 

1899  

65 

61 

1900  

63 

58 

67 

Absolute  maximum  and  year  

I        72 
1    1893 

74 
1893 

68 
1899 

76 
1898 

84 
1892 

90 
1895 

94 

1891 

92 

a  1889 

91 

1899 

84 
1889 

88 
1892 

72 
«1899 

Also  other  years. 


CLIMATE    OF    SANTA    CLAEA    VALLEY. 
MINIMUM  TEMPERATI-RES  (DEGREES  FAHRENHEIT). 


121 


Year. 

Jan.       Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr.       May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

1889                                                      •> 

27             22 

31 
25 
26 
26 
23 
20 
22 
18 
19 
21 
25 
31 

30            32 
31            30 
29             32 
26             28 
25            34 
25            27 
24             31 
24             27 
28  ;          33 
27  1          33 
26              26 
28             30 

46 
32 
31 
33 
35 
31 
35 
34 
36 
33 
'35 
42 

50 
49 
36 
51 
41 

H 

41 

48 
55 
50 
56 
51 

51 
54 
45 
50 
56 
55 
49 
44 
48 
52 
41 
44 

44 

46 
33 
44 
36 
35 
35 
- 
39 
34 
43 
38 

34 
32 
33 
30 
33 
33 
41 
33 
33 
32 
31 
31 

30 
30 
33 
27 
26 
34 
28 
18 
29 
_•- 
32 
30 

24 
29 
17 
22 
26 
28 
23 
28 

a 

22 
27 
23 

1890                                          

.    '       17             18 

1891               26            21 

1892                                                        29            25 

1893 

25             22 

1834                                                

17             16 

1895               

23              32 

1896                                              

•*7             25 

1897 

26             .!! 

1898 

17             27 

1899                      

24             13 

1900 

30            24 

(        17             13 

18 
1896 

24            26 

»1895  ;      1899 

i 

31 
01891 

36 
1891 

41 
1899 

33  i         30 
1891         1892 

18 
1896 

17 
1891 

(<i!890         1899 

MONTHLY  AND  ANNUAL  }i 

<•  Also  other  years. 
[EAN  TEMPER  ATURE 

(DEGREES  FAHRENHEIT). 

Year.                           Jan. 

Feb.       Mar. 

Apr. 

Mar.   ']  June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1889                           39.5 

43.9        44.8 
36.8        40.5 
35.0        41.0 
41.7        42.6 
37.7        37.3 
35.6        40.4 
45.6        42.8 
46.5  j      43.4 
36.4        32.6 
42.8        39.1 
41.0  j      39.6 
43.0        48.1 

50.3 
47.6 
44.3 
42.3 
40.5 
49.4 
47.2 
37.6 
51.0 
50.8 
47.6  ' 
43.0 

52.8        67.4 
54.5        57.6 
61.4  i      55.5 
52.6        57.3 
51.9         58.8 
51.6         52.6 
52.2         65.2 
46.6  j      64.6 
58.0         57.8 
47.9  |      62.0 
46.3  i      63.7 
52.9  i      63.8 

70.7 
59.8 
70.9 
66.9 
67.9 
71.3 
67.2 
73.2 
70.8 
71.4 
71.6 
71.6 

70.4 
68.9 
71.5 
70.8 
71.8 
71.4 
70.4 
67.8 
71.5 
71.2 
61.3 
62.1 

66.9 
65.9 
60.7 
62.1 
55.4 
63.5 
59.0 
61.7 
59.4 
61.8 
69.8 
56.3  i 

50.5 
58.1 
58.7 
53.2 
51.0 
55.5 
59.9 
57.8 
45.9 
56.0 
50.2 
51.6 

48.5 
55.5 
51.8 
49.7 
47.0 
57.5 
47.9 
44.7 
45.3 
46.5 
46.9  ! 
51.1 

35.2 
45.7; 
35.8 
39.8 
45.0 
37.2 
41.4 
45.4 
42.9 
43.3 
45.6 
47.2 

53.4 
51.8 
51.5 
51.9 
50.0 
51.8 
82.9 
52.9 
51.2 
52.4 
52.2 
53.2 

1890                                              30.  2 

1891                                     41.6 

1892                                                          43  6 

1893                                                   .       36.  0 

1894                         35.9 

1895                                                          36  4 

1896                                                          45.2 

1897                  42.1 

1898                                                     '      35.  7 

1899                                                     ;      42.5 

1900      i      47.6 

Mean  (12  Tears)  39.7 

40.5         41.0 

46.0 

51.6         60.5 

69.4 

69.1 

61.9 

54.0 

49.4 

42.0 

52.1 

MONTHLY  AND  ANNUAL  PRECIPITATION  (INCHES  AND  HCNDREDTHS). 

1881                                                          3  51 

5.99        1.13 
2.90        5.40 
3.75        8.66 
12.76       16.35 
0.57         1.15 
1.80         5.77 
7.80  i      1.39 
1.38         3.40 
1.42         6.17 
6.60         4.39 
7.  12         4.  10 
2.99         5.98 
3.45         8.99 
10.52         2.54 
3.08         1.46 
1.06  j      3.83 
7.42        6.45 
4.16        2.04 
0.75      11.11 
1.70        3.37  ' 

0.98 
4.70  ' 
2.66 
11.96 
2.08 
6.79 
5.75  ; 
0.68 
1.92 
1.79 
3.08 
1.90 
3.61 
0.89 
2.30  j 
6.70 
0.82 
0.84 
1.40 
4.06 

0.09         0.33  i 
0.48         1.06 
7.55        0.00 
1.24        3.85 
0.16        0.36 
0.70        0.00 
0.25        0.30 
1.25        0.67 
3.21        0.05 
2.42        0.00 
1.01        0.57 
3.52        0.32 
0.95        0.16 
2.78        0.64 
2.39  ,      0.00 
2.10        0.02 
0.28        0.38 
2.41        0.38 
1.47        0.39 
1.35           T. 

0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.04 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.02 
0.01 
T. 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.01 

0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.15 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.02 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
T. 
0.00 
T. 
0.00 
0.28 
0.00 
0.00 
0.12 
0.02 

0.10 
0.00 
0.65 
0.65 
0.15 
0.00 
0.33 
0.49 
0.00 
0.80 
0.28 
0.24 
0.48 
1.64 
0.08 
0.47 
0.07  '. 
0.29 
T. 
0.08  ; 

0.33 
6.16 
2.15 
3.71 
0.05 
0.60 
0.09 
0.03 
4.38 
0.02 
0.61 
1.3S 
0.66 
2.98 
0.78 
1.85 
1.25 
1.33 
6.37 
3.48  i 

0.91  i 
3.45 
1.48 
0.01 
1.92 
2.82 
0.90 
3.27 
4.46 
0.58 
0.38 
10.30 
4.01 
0.84 
2.46 
5.86 
1.51 
1.23 
4.92 
7.76 

9.72 

UE 
2.05  ; 
33.84 
9.80  i 
2.34 
11.25 
4.23 
13.19 
5.39 
9.54 
5.56  1 
3.58 
11.90 
3.16 
4.91  J 
2.70 
2.13J 
4.16  ; 
2.21 

23.09 
29.63 
32.05 
90.12 
18.23 
25.22 
30.93 
25.46 
35.84 
29.92 
28.07 
34.16 
29.18 
44.49 
25.72 
36.64 
24.38 
17.11 
36.32 
27.30 

1882.                                                         3."v> 

1883  3.10 

1884.                                                         5  fa 

1885  .         1.99 

MM.                                                         4  40 

1887                                                          2.83 

1888                                                        10  04 

1889                                                          1  04 

1890  '.          ..       7.93 

1891                                                           1  38  ' 

1892  1.97  l 

1893                                                          3  29 

1894..                                    .                   9.74 

1895                                                             10  00 

1896..                                                           9.54 

1897  .         3.50 

1898    .                                                     2  30 

1899                                                         i      ft  63 

1900...                                                          3  26 

Average  (20  vears)                      4  73 

4.36        5.18 

3.25 

1.  78         0.  47 

1 

0.03 

0.34 

1.91 

2.95 

7.18 

32.19 

122 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 
MEAN  RELATIVE  HUMIDITY  (PER  CENT). 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

1891      

61.1 

91.2 

77.7 

77.2 

62.0 

65.8 

57.4 

61.0 

66.7 

55.6 

56.8 

83.4 

1892 

60.8 

47.9 

44.7 

57.8 

64.4 

62.3 

72.7 

Ig93                                                            

52.4 

76.9 

87.4 

73.4 

57.1 

48.8 

46.3 

54.5 

81.1 

84.9 

67.6 

65.3 

1894 

79.2 

80.7 

72.3 

66.8 

72.8 

67.9 

41.9 

33.1 

48.8 

61.7 

48.2 

,87.4 

1895                                                 

82.2 

59.8 

73.0 

64.5 

68.5 

37.1 

44.6 

55.7 

50.2 

53.0 

5S.O 

65.2 

1896 

72.2 

52.7 

78.3 

84.2 

70.7 

39.9 

38.1 

42.1 

52.5 

52.7 

69.1 

66.6 

1897...                                  

70.5 

88.3 

90.9 

53.9 

51.4 

56.7 

31.0 

36.8 

51.9 

61.3 

63.9 

62.8 

1898 

77.9 

72.7 

74.1 

54.7 

67.6 

57.5 

30.8 

38.2 

53.2 

57.6 

57.3 

56,3 

1899         

70.fi 

fil.4 

S3.  2 

04.8 

66.7 

45.4 

33.9 

54.0 

40.2 

67.8 

78.6 

67.4 

1900 

66  1 

68  5 

73  0 

76  9 

65.5 

49.7 

39.9 

69.3 

72.5 

78.9 

67.4 

63.6 

52.1 

41.1 

46.7 

55.8 

62.1 

62.4 

69.7 

Highest  monthly  mean  humidity  91.2,  February,  1891. 
Lowest  monthly  mean  humidity  30.3,  July,  1898. 


TOTAL  MONTHLY  WIND  MOVEMENT  (MILES). 


1896 

a9,581 

9,766 

12,098 

9,260 

7,837 

6,519 

6,881 

4,974 

11,550 

10,823 

1896 

14  758 

10,042 

8,035 

9,987 

9,655 

10,650 

8,102 

6,705 

6,195 

9,229 

9,541 

12,183 

1897                  

9,247 

8,139 

9,796 

9,883 

12,011 

10,495 

7,860 

6,333 

6,865 

10,238 

9,997 

9,832 

1898 

11  309 

9,  321 

8,824 

10,  105 

8,635 

7,386 

6,976 

8,838 

12,068 

11,838 

1899 

13,662 

12,  772 

11,068 

10,  166 

11,703 

8,644 

8,033 

7,604 

7,493 

10,390 

8,500' 

12,236 

1900 

10  632 

11  173 

8,811 

10,  953 

10,  644 

8,106 

7,086 

6,856 

7,215 

8,034 

7,296 

10,002 

11  565 

10  202 

9,307 

10,  219 

10,  791 

9,371 

7,784 

6,900 

6,938 

8,617 

9,825 

11,152 

o  Seven  days'  record  missing  (15th  to  21st). 

NOTE. — November  16-17,  1893,  maximum  hourly  velocity,  80  miles;  velocity  of  gusts  probably  over  100  miles.    January  15, 1896,  highest 
hourly  velocity  (estimated),  80  to  90  miles. 


LOCAL   CLIMATOLOGY. 


APTOS. 
[Data  from  records  of  Southern  Pacific  Railway  Company.] 

Aptos  is  situated  in  Santa  Cruz  County,  on  Monterey  Bay.  about  7  miles  southeast  of  the 
city  of  Santa  Cruz,  in  latitude  36°  58'  north,  longitude  121°  54'  west;  elevation  102  feet  above 
sea  level. 

The  mean  annual  temperature,  based  upon  records  covering  sixteen  years,  is  56°,  which  is 
practically  the  same  as  that  of  San  Francisco,  and  2.4°  lower  than  the  annual  mean  at  Santa 
Cruz.  June,  Julj-,  and  August  are  the  warmest  months,  with  mean  temperatures  of  62.5°,  62.3°, 
and  61. 4:,  respectively;  September  is  also  a  warm  month,  with  a  mean  of  60.9°.  The  coldest 
month  is  January,  with  a  mean  of  48.5°;  the  means  for  February  and  December  are  nearly  the 
same.  The  maximum  seldom  exceeds  90°,  the  highest  recorded  in  recent  years  being  91C,  in 
June,  1898.  Minimum  temperatures  of  26°  are  recorded  in  January.  1898,  December.  1900,  and 
February.  1901. 

The  average  annual  precipitation  during  the  past  sixteen  years  is  25.63  inches,  about  1  inch 
less  than  that  of  Santa  Cruz.  The  greatest  precipitation  occurs  in  December  and  January,  but 
heavy  rains  also  fall  in  November.  February,  and  March.  The  rainfall  during  June,  July, 
August,  and  September  is  very  light  and  infrequent.  During  the  month  of  December,  1889, 
the  rainfall  was  18.29  inches,  and  the  total  of  that  year  was  37.94  inches. 

MONTHLY  AND  ANNUAL  MEAN  TEMPERATURE  (DEGREES  FAHRENHEIT). 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept.       Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1885                                  

49.2 

51.1 

55.4 

57.7 

61.7 

65.4 

64.9 

63.5 

60.2         59.3 

56.0 

53.7 

58.2 

1886 

51.0 

54.8 

52.3 

56.6 

59.3 

58.9 

61.4 

61.9 

60.9         55.1 

51.6 

53.1 

56.4 

1887                                       

49.1 

47.0 

56.5 

55.7 

58.9 

63.4 

61.0 

60.1 

60.1         59.6 

54.5 

49.2 

56.2 

1888 

46.0 

51.9 

53.0 

58.4 

59.7 

67.9 

65.9 

63.2 

61.8         59.1 

53.9 

54.1 

57.9 

1889                                       

48.6 

51.6 

56.6 

59.7 

59.6 

62.5 

63.4 

61.9 

62.9        60.7 

56.8 

52.3 

58.0 

1890 

"    46.2 

49.0 

53.6 

56.2 

61.0 

61.9 

62  0 

62.6 

6L2         59.3 

55.0 

51.4 

56.9 

1891 

49.1 

497 

53.9 

55.5 

57.9 

63.5 

62.8 

62.6 

62.4        57.8 

55.2 

47.8 

56.5 

1892                                

50.9 

52.8 

53.8 

55.4 

61.3 

63.2 

69.2 

63.4 

60.7        58.3 

53.0 

50.2 

57.7 

1893 

51.1 

47.4 

51.8 

51.6 

58.8 

59.5 

59.5 

60.7 

60.5        57.3 

54.5 

52.4 

55.4 

1894                                            

45.6 

48.2 

52.1 

55.8 

57.1 

61.9 

63.9 

64.3 

63.1        56.0 

51.1 

46.9 

55.5 

1895 

44  8 

47  8 

48.4 

50.0 

55.1 

56.5 

57.9 

56.8 

66  0        57.  5 

51.3 

44.0 

53.0 

1896 

44.9 

47.9 

47.0 

52.3 

54.6 

60.2 

62.7 

60.3 

54.0         52.7 

45.8 

44.6 

52.3 

1897  

42.0 

45.1 

47.9 

6L1 

63.4 

72.7 

63.6 

60.8 

64.1        59.5 

51.1 

48.1 

56  6 

m 

56.8 

48.7 

50.4 

44.9 

55.4 

62.6 

60.9 

59.8 

58  8        58.1 

50.8 

44.9 

54.4 

1899  

51.8 

47.4 

51.6 

56.2 

55.0 

59.9 

58.9 

60.3 

58.0        54.8 

53.0 

«7 

54.7 

1900 

48  8 

51.5 

64.2 

51.9 

61.9 

59.6 

59  0 

60.7 

60  2        59  6 

55  2 

49  3 

55  7 

48  5 

49.5 

52  3 

54.9 

58.8 

62.5 

62  3 

61  4 

60.  9        57  8 

53  0 

49  7 

56  0 

123 


124 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 
MONTHLY  AND  ANNUAL  PRECIPITATION  (INCHES  AND  HUNDREDTHS). 


Year. 


1885.. 
1886.. 
1887.. 
1888.. 
1889.. 
1890.. 
1891.. 
1892. . 
1893.. 
1894.. 
1895.. 
1896.. 
1897.. 
1898. . 
1899.. 
1900.. 


Average  (16  years) j      4.75 


Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

2.86 

0.19 

0.43 

1.78 

0.13 

0.00 

0.18 

0.  00         0.  07 

0.02 

10.65 

3.83 

20.14 

7.61 

0.80 

4.09 

7.10 

0.27 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00        0.00 

0.70 

0.84 

1.53 

22.94 

0.95 

8.82 

0.76 

1.61 

0.19 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00         0.47 

0.05 

1.11  '      3.72 

17.68 

5.85 

1.59 

5.32 

9.50 

0.79 

0.25 

0.  00         0.  00         0.  45 

0.00 

5.  75        4.  31 

24.81 

0.50 

0.87 

5.90 

0.85 

1.71 

0.00 

0.00         0.00         0.00 

7.49 

2.33 

18.29 

37.94 

10.29 

4.60 

3.16 

1.25 

1.66 

0.00 

0.00 

0.  00         0.  40 

9.40 

0.28 

2.93 

24.97 

1.08 

13.16 

3.01 

2.84 

0.20 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00        1.00 

0.07 

0.27 

7.64 

29.27 

0.92 

4.90 

2.67 

1.95 

2.47 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.65 

1.36 

3.66 

8.72 

27.30 

3.40 

3.41 

7.97 

1.54 

0.42 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.22 

0.33 

3.16 

3.48 

23.93 

7.56 

6.05 

0.92 

0.89 

2.50 

0.24 

0.00 

0.00 

2.00 

2.93 

0.71 

13.32 

37.12 

11.80 

2.95 

2.85 

1.88 

1.39 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.15 

1.53 

2.31 

24.86 

9.63 

0.00 

2.90 

5.01 

1.59 

0.00 

0.00 

0.76 

0.26 

1.64 

5.92 

4.49 

32.20 

1.28 

0.27 

4.03 

0.00 

0.30 

0.10 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.69 

0.82 

1.39 

15.88 

1.23 

3.52 

1.17 

0.32 

1.17 

0.20 

0.00 

0.00 

1.40 

0.76 

0.75 

1.84 

12.36 

6.43 

0.22 

13.14 

1.25 

1.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

6.01 

4.24 

4.36 

36.65 

4.56 

0.53 

2.19 

1.53 

0.  59        0.  00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.27 

1.58 

8.95 

1.82 

22.02 

4.75 

3.62 

3.78 

1.89 

1.  02         0.  05 

0.01 

0.05 

0.45 

1.57 

3.19 

5.25 

25.63 

AUBURN. 

Auburn  is  the  county  seat  of  Placer  County,  a  narrow  county  in  the  central  eastern  portion 
of  California,  extending  from  Lake  Tahoe  and  the  Nevada  line  westward  to  Sutter  County  and 
the  southern  portion  of  Nevada  County,  and  is  situated  in  latitude  38°  54'  north,  longitude 
121°  50'  west,  a  short  distance  southwest  of  the  junction  of  the  middle  and  north  forks  of  the 
American  River.  The  elevation  is  1,360  feet,  with  the  land  sloping  eastward  to  the  American 
River,  where  the  elevation  of  the  channel  is  about  500  feet.  The  Sierra  Nevada  Mountains, 
running  through  the  eastern  portion  of  the  county,  reach  an  elevation  of  7,000  feet.  The 
foothills  are  excellent  fruit-growing  districts. 

The  genei'al  movement  of  the  air  is  from  the  north,  northwest,  and  northeast.  The  date  of 
the  last  killing  frost  in  the  spring  of  1899  was  May  2,  and  the  first  in  autumn,  1899,  was  October 
15.  The  mean  annual  temperature,  based  upon  records  covering  a  period  of  twenty-nine  years, 
is  60.1°.  The  coldest  month  is  January,  with  a  mean  temperature  of  45.5°,  and  the  warmest  is 
July,  with  a  mean  temperature  of  76.7°.  During  the  months  of  June,  July,  August,  and 
September  the  mean  temperature  exceeds  70°. 

The  highest  temperature  recorded  within  a  period  of  twenty-two  years  was  110°,  which 
occurred  during  the  months  of  July  and  August,  1898.  The  lowest  temperature  recorded  was 
12°,  in  January,  1888.  Reliable  frost  data  are  not  available. 

The  mean  annual  rainfall  for  twenty-nine  years  is  33.58  inches.  Two-thirds  of  this  rainfall 
occurs  between  December  and  April.  Rain  seldom  falls  during  July  or  August.  The  rainfall 
has  exceeded  40  inches  during  six  years  of  the  twenty-nine,  and  in  1884  exceeded  50  inches. 
There  have  been  but  two  years  in  the  past  twenty-nine  when  the  rainfall  did  not  reach  20  inches, 
viz.,  1877,  when  but  18.07  inches  fell,  and  1898,  when  19.96  inches  fell. 


LOCAL    CLIMATOLOGY. 
MAXIMUM  TEMPERATURE  (DEGREES  FAHRENHEIT). 


125 


Year.              Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

Jnlv. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

1878                    64 

66 

72 

80 

88 

94 

99 

94 

87 

76 

70 

1879                      "*         60 

80 

81 

83 

92 

98 

'  100 

97 

86 

78 

65 

1880     69 

65 

72 

81 

86 

89 

97 

95 

94 

86 

74 

60 

1881            69 

72 

79 

79 

85 

92 

99 

93 

94 

78 

70 

59 

1882                      58 

60 

79 

82 

92 

92 

98 

103 

9ft 

77 

70 

1883            62 

M 

76 

72 

90 

100 

100 

99 

95 

79 

72 

69 

1884                      65 

73 

70 

78 

84 

96 

98 

93 

82 

76 

71 

1885        .     65 

69 

77 

80 

95 

90 

96 

103 

97 

93 

73 

67 

1886.     63 

72 

72 

78 

89 

95 

101 

101 

96 

81 

69 

64 

1887                    65 

69 

78 

87 

100 

106 

100 

98 

98 

94 

77 

70 

1888     64 

•  77 

76 

89 

86 

94 

101 

105 

103 

91 

74 

69 

1889                     64 

76 

79 

83 

89 

93 

105 

101 

98 

•  95 

80 

58 

1890            59 

70 

72 

81 

99 

93 

105 

98 

94 

87 

84 

60 

1891                        69 

62 

74 

82 

89 

108 

108 

105 

98 

98 

82 

65 

1892             "4 

70 

87 

75 

94 

94 

96 

105 

94 

90 

80 

80 

1893                               76 

77 

80 

78 

90 

95 

103 

102 

90 

87 

78 

79 

1894                      75 

75 

84 

85 

90 

95 

104 

106 

97 

90 

82 

72 

1895                               66 

80 

81 

85 

89 

104 

102 

105 

93 

94 

95 

73 

1896                        -.       "7 

85 

79 

72 

92 

104 

95 

92 

90 

68 

74 

1897        76 

70 

73 

87 

94 

95 

104 

104 

88 

87 

75 

77 

1898                                69 

72 

70 

89 

82 

93 

110 

110 

98 

85 

80 

75 

1699        .          85 

82 

— 

82 

85 

101 

102 

93 

98 

88 

75 

59 

f   85 

85 

88 

89 

100 

108 

110 

110 

103 

98 

95 

80 

[  1899 

1896 

1899 

"1888 

1887 

1891 

1898 

tan 

1888 

1891 

i 

1895 

1892 

"Also  1898. 


MINIMUM  TEMPERATURE  (DEGREES  FAHRENHEIT). 


1878                               26 

31 

32 

34 

49 

54 

54 

48 

45 

36 

27 

1879                               25 

36 

45 

43 

50 

54 

56 

54 

44 

32 

18 

1880                               23 

28 

30 

36 

36 

50 

62 

55 

50 

46 

26 

35 

1881  ...     28 

33 

32 

42 

50 

52 

54 

50 

52 

40 

27 

30 

1882                                23 

25 

23 

33 

43 

48 

63 

60 

48 

32 

25 

1883                            '    18 

20 

39 

32 

41 

53 

61 

54 

52 

42 

32 

29 

1884  31 

20 

23 

40 

50 

50 

54 

56 

48 

40 

39 

23 

1885                               30 

31 

40 

38 

45 

51 

56 

58 

54 

50 

38 

29 

1886  25 

35 

28 

40 

46 

60 

58 

58 

53 

32 

30 

31 

1887  27 

24 

36 

36 

40 

50 

57 

52 

38 

48 

30 

30 

1888                               12 

28 

33 

42 

46 

52 

54 

54 

54 

46 

35 

32 

1889                      .  .        27 

32 

38 

43 

46 

55 

56 

59 

46 

45 

40 

37 

1890  26 

24 

34 

45 

45 

34 

54 

55 

52 

40 

38 

35 

1891                                32 

32 

36 

42 

47 

52 

54 

56 

50 

44 

41 

28 

1892  ..35 

35 

41 

45 

53 

60 

58 

57 

44 

35 

34 

1893                               33 

29 

34 

39 

47 

53 

59 

48 

53 

43 

39 

35 

1894.                               25 

29 

29 

40 

43 

53 

62 

60 

50 

50 

40 

33 

1895  30 

36 

32 

35 

45 

50 

56 

55 

49 

47 

37 

25 

1896                               31 

37 

27 

38 

44 

58 

58 

55 

47 

30 

36 

1897...                    33 

30 

30 

41 

50 

45 

59 

60 

42 

37 

25 

20 

1898  26 

37 

30 

40 

46 

49 

57 

63 

54 

44 

34 

30 

1899                               32 

25 

35 

43 

49 

52 

65 

62 

60 

42 

39 

33 

Absolute  minimum  and  vear.  .  . 
1  1888 

20 
"1883 

23 

•  tan 

32 
1883 

36 
1880 

34 
1890 

54 
61879 

48 
1893 

.38 
1887 

32 

••1882 

25 

1897 

18 
1879 

a  Also  1884. 


6  Several  years. 


c  Also  1886. 


126 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 


MONTHLY  AND  ANNUAL  MEAN  TEMPERATURE  (DEGREES  FAHRENHEIT). 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1871  

47.2 

45.4 

52.0 

58  8 

61.0 

74  5 

77  9 

79  2 

77  4 

64  8 

50  9 

48  0 

61  4 

1872 

45  1 

48  6 

51  4 

58  1 

63  5 

69  5 

75  5 

75  8 

69  1 

63  4 

51  3 

45  4 

59  7 

1873  

48.5 

42.3 

53.7 

64.6 

63.1 

70  5 

80  2 

75  2 

74  9 

61  1 

56  8 

43  8 

60  4 

1874 

42  4 

45  9 

47  2 

66  3 

63  3 

71  5 

79  6 

74  0 

72  9 

61  7 

51  3 

44  5 

59  2 

1875  .  . 

46.4 

49.9 

50.4 

63.0 

67  2 

72  5 

80  5 

77  5" 

73  2 

69  7 

53  3 

46  8 

62  5 

1876 

44  2 

49  3 

51  3 

67  9 

65  4 

77  1 

75  8 

73  7 

70  5 

62  6 

53  9 

49  7 

61  0 

1877  

49.4 

53.9 

57.4 

57.6 

61  5 

74  5 

78  6 

75  2 

71  9 

60  7 

52  4 

47  8 

61  7 

1878 

48  2 

49  1 

53  2 

66  4 

63  0 

72  6 

74  9 

75  i 

68  5 

62  7 

54  i 

46  1 

60  3 

1879  

43.0 

52.0 

53.9 

57  2 

57  9 

69  8 

73  9 

77  1 

70  6 

60  4 

50  6 

43  5 

59  2 

t880. 

43  1 

44  7 

45  8 

51  8 

60  3 

68  2 

76  3 

72  1 

71  3 

62  7 

47  8 

47  9 

57  7 

1881  

46.0 

50  1 

53.4 

59.4 

64  3 

66  8 

73  5 

71  4 

70  8 

56  0 

48  2 

44  4 

58  7 

1882 

39  8 

40  1 

48  2 

51  0 

61  7 

66  7 

77  5 

79  o 

68  6 

55  3 

52  5 

46  6 

57  2 

1883  

38.1 

48  4 

53.3 

50.6 

59  0 

73  5 

78  2 

75  2 

72  0 

55  7 

50  0 

45  0 

58  2 

1884 

45  3 

43  8 

48  7 

51  9 

62  1 

63  5 

72  0 

76  6 

64  2 

58  7 

53  6 

45  3 

57  1 

1886...  . 

44  6 

51  3 

56  3 

56  9 

64  6 

66  3 

73  8 

78  1 

72  3 

64  5 

52  5 

46  8 

60  7 

1886 

44  0 

51  9 

47  8 

53  4 

61  5 

72  4 

76  7 

77  5 

70  5 

55  2 

47  9 

48  1 

58  9 

1887  

44  9 

39  8 

54  5 

55  4 

63  1 

71  3 

76  0 

72  5 

71  0 

67  1 

53  4 

44  8 

59  5 

1888  

40.4 

50.9 

51.3 

61.4 

61  0 

66  9 

76  5 

76  4 

76  9 

64  2 

52  9 

47  i 

60  5 

1889  

44  6 

49  7 

55  6 

59  3 

63  8 

80  1 

76  5 

76  4 

71  9 

61  7 

54  4 

47  0 

61  8 

1890  

40.8 

44.0 

48.7 

58.6 

63  6 

68  5 

75  4 

75  1 

72  2 

63  3 

57  3 

47  i 

59  6 

1891... 

48  0 

46  4 

52  2 

55  0 

61  2 

67  8 

79  3 

79  6 

70  1 

66  4 

57  8 

44  Q 

60  7 

1892  

50  2 

52.2 

55.2 

56  7 

64  4 

68  7 

75  6 

76  6 

71  6 

64  5 

58  0 

51  5 

62  1 

1893. 

50  6 

51  9 

54  0 

55  6 

64  1 

71  0 

78  3 

76  6 

68  1 

61  5 

57  o 

53  7 

61  9 

1894  

46.5 

47  8 

61.7 

61  6 

64  3 

66  2 

80  5 

81  9 

73  9 

64  7 

61  2 

51  3 

62  6 

1895 

46  5 

51  6 

52  9 

56  9 

62  9 

76  2 

75  6 

77  3 

66  5 

64  2 

57  2 

47  4 

61  3 

1896  

53  0 

52  1 

54  0 

51  9 

60  4 

70  6 

80  4 

72  7 

68  1 

65  1 

51  3 

54  4 

61  2 

1897  

49.7 

45.2 

44.9 

61.6 

68  3 

70.3 

77.6 

77.5 

67.8 

69.4 

44.1 

42  6 

59  1 

1898... 

41  4 

49  5 

45  8 

59  1 

67  6 

68  1 

74  1 

75  8 

69  2 

56  4 

52  8 

45  0 

57  8 

1899....  

47.8 

48.7 

51  0 

57  2 

59  9 

74  1 

73  1 

71.9 

76.3 

60  3 

60.4 

45  4 

59  7 

Mean  (29  years)  . 

45.5 

48.1 

51.6 

56.5 

62  6 

70  7 

76  7 

75  9 

71  1 

64  6 

55  0 

47  0 

60  1 

MONTHLY  AND  ANNUAL  PRECIPITATION  (INCHES  AND"  HUNDREDTHS). 


1871 

7  21 

2  36 

1  85 

3  57 

2  06 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  54 

2  80 

13  55 

33  94 

1872  

6  80 

9  35 

3  59 

2.50 

0  66 

0  20 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  38 

3  13 

8  43 

35  03 

1873 

3  74 

7  44 

0  53 

1  22 

0  32 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  34 

1  25 

11  97 

26  81 

1874 

7  46 

4  14 

6  26 

2  56 

0  67 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1.67 

9  64 

0  82 

33  02 

1875  

10.00 

0.44 

2.73 

0.10 

0.61 

1.82 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.85 

11.39 

6  05 

33  99 

1876 

7  56 

5  62 

10  10 

1  97 

0  61 

0  00 

0  41 

0  21 

0  00 

4  52 

0  65 

0  00 

31  65 

1877  

6.94 

1.47 

2.14 

0.72 

1  53 

0  27 

0.00 

0  00 

0.00 

0.99 

2.46 

1  55 

18  07 

1878 

10  61 

10  19 

7  60 

1  73 

0  98 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  50 

0  89 

1  53 

0  91 

34  94 

1879  

6.34 

7  16 

8.78 

5  94 

2  43 

0  46 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

2.33 

3  82 

7  88 

45  14 

1880  

3.13 

4.90 

2.62 

13.02 

3.85 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.25 

13.91 

41  68 

1881 

9.61 

8.20 

2.43 

1  38 

0  00 

1  40 

0  00 

0  00 

0.92 

2.72 

3  01 

6  87 

35  54 

1882  

4.60 

4.99 

6.05 

4.63 

0.53 

0.28 

0.00 

0.00 

0.84 

5.19 

4.08 

1.65 

32  84 

1883  

2.86 

1.06 

5.19 

0.70 

4.07 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.70 

2.51 

1.00 

2.52 

21.61 

1884  

5.33 

7.63 

10.17 

8.02 

0.85 

1.23 

0.00 

0.00 

0.56 

2.25 

0.00 

16.37 

52  41 

1885 

1.74 

1.27 

0  57 

2  10 

0  00 

0  70 

0  00 

0  00 

0  64 

0  00 

15  24 

4  05 

26  31 

1886  

8.25 

0.00 

4.10 

9.39 

0.65 

0.00 

0  00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.89 

1  26 

4.88 

29  41 

1887 

2  04 

12  38 

1  60 

4  34 

0  30 

0  00 

0  00 

T 

1  09 

0  00 

1  '>2 

4  90 

27  77 

1888  

7.07 

1.40 

3.25 

0.80 

0  40 

1  55 

0.00 

0.00 

0.30 

0.00 

4.20 

5.82 

24  79 

1889 

0  33 

0  52 

9  57 

1  36 

4  65 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

6  75 

4  85 

11  94 

38  97 

1890  

8.97 

3.96 

8.08 

2.83 

2  30 

0  00 

0  00 

0.00 

2.63 

0  14 

0  00 

5  13 

34  04 

1891 

0  88 

6  80 

5.40 

2  23 

0  88 

0  69 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1  33 

0  95 

7  36 

26  52 

1892  

4.00 

4.91 

5.96 

3.11 

4.55 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0  15 

1.76 

6.13 

8.99 

39  56 

1893.  . 

5  33 

4  74 

9  20 

3  71 

0  78 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  70 

1  11 

5  32 

3  88 

34  77 

1894  

6.96 

9.89 

1.95 

1.35 

2.77 

1.38 

T 

T 

0  67 

3.87 

1.09 

13.56 

43.49 

1895. 

12  74 

4  14 

3  09 

3  38 

1  88 

0  00 

T 

0  13 

2  04 

0  12 

1  04 

3  39 

31  95 

1896  

11.88 

0.49 

6.21 

7.66 

2.42 

0.40 

0.14 

0.25 

0.90 

1  09 

10  34 

2.98 

44.76 

1897. 

2  78 

11  40 

8  05 

1  51 

0  28 

0  17 

0  00 

T 

0  20 

2  83 

2  22 

3  50 

S9  94 

1898 

1  13 

6  44 

0  32 

0  49 

2  26 

0  97 

T 

0  00 

0  26 

1  75 

3  59 

2  75 

19  96 

1899  

4  78 

0  17 

13  25 

0  51 

1  28 

1  43 

0  00 

0  03 

0  00 

5  94 

9  00 

5  47 

41  86 

Average  (29  years)  

i-5  90 

4  95 

5  19 

3  20 

1  53 

0  45 

0  02 

0  02 

0  49 

1  78 

3  84 

6  21 

33  58 

LOCAL    CLIMATOLOGY. 


127 


BERKELEY. 
By  Dr.  ARXIN  O.  LEUSCHXER,  Director  of  Students'  Observatory. 

SYNOPSIS  OF  METEOROLOGICAL  OBSERVATIONS  AT  BERKELEY  FOR  THE  YEARS  ENDING  JUNE  30, 
1898,  JUNE  30,  1899,  ~AND  JUNE  30,  1900,  IN  COMPARISON  WITH  THE  TEN- YEAR  SYNOPSIS,  JUNE 
30,  1887,  TO  JUNE  30,  1897. 

In  1898  a  ten-year  synopsis  of  the  meteorological  observations  taken  at  the  Students' 
Observatory  from  1887,  Juh-  1,  to  1897,  June  30,  was  compiled  by  Mr.  R.  Tracy  Crawford, 
under  direction  of  Dr.  Leuschner  and  published  in  the  University  Chronicle,  Vol.  I.  The  ten- 
year  synopsis  is  now  being  supplemented  by  a  synopsis  of  the  meteorological  observations  at 
Berkeley  for  the  years  ending  June  30,  1898,  June  30,  1899,  and  June  30,  1900,  compiled  by 
Mr.  Y.  Kuno. 

To  facilitate  comparison  of  the  annual  means,  etc.,  for  these  three  years  with  the  ten-year 
synopsis  the  corresponding  figures  of  the  ten-j-ear  synopsis  are  printed  in  the  last  column. 

ATMOSPHERIC  PRESSURE. 


Year  ending  June  30,  1898. 

Year  ending  June  30,  1899. 

Year  ending  June  30,  1900. 

Ten  years  ending  June 
30,  1897. 

Date. 

Barom- 
eter 
read- 
ing. 

Date. 

Barom- 
eter 
read- 
ing. 

Date. 

Barom- 
eter 
read- 
ing. 

Date. 

Barom- 
eter 
read- 
ing. 

Mean  

India. 

30.049 

, 

Inchet. 
30.051 

Iiiflii  t. 
30.028 

Inehe*. 
30.027 
30.533 

29.196 

0.970 
|  30.499 

29.296 
30.229 
29.908 
1.229 
0.240 

Highest 

December    25,    8 
a.  m. 
April  29,  8  p.m.... 

30.486 
29.565 

0.921 
30.385 

29.602 
30.211 
29.944 
0.782 
0.293 

December    24,    8 
a.m. 
January  10,  8  a.  m. 

30.634 
29.436 
1.198 

December    20,    8 
a.  m. 
October  10,8a.m. 

30.511 
29.627 
0  884 

December    30,    8 
a.  m.,  1895. 
February     22,    8 
p.  m.,  1891. 

Annual  range  

Highest  daily  average  .. 

December  24,  28... 
April  29 

December  24 

30.594 

29.526 
30.220 
29.913 
0.969 
0.225 

30.474 

29.633 
30.142 
29.952 
0.726 
0.246 

[December  6,  1891.. 
(December  30,  1895. 
February  22,  1891  . 
December,  1895  .  .  . 
August  1887 

October  10 

Greatest  monthly  mean  
Least  monthly  mean  
Greatest  monthly  range  
Least  monthly  range 

December  

December 

June  
March. 

August  

July  . 

February,  1891  
August,  1887  

Aueust  .. 

September  

August 

1 

TEMPERATURE. 


Year  ending  June  30, 1898.    Year  ending  June  30, 1899.    Year  ending  June  30, 1900. 


Ten  years  ending  June  30, 
1897. 


Ther 

Ther- 

Ther- 

Ther- 

mome- 

mome- 

mome- 

mome- 

Date.            <     ter 

Date. 

ter 

Date. 

ter 

Date. 

ter 

read- 

read- 

read- 

read- 

ing. 

ing. 

ing. 

ing. 

°F. 

ar. 

°F. 

°F. 

Mean  

'      53.3 

53  5 

54  1 

54  4 

June  30       ...          |      75  5 

Julvl 

72  8 

76  5 

June  29  1891 

wannest  day. 

32  8 

38  5 

Januarv  14  1888 

coldest  day. 

Maximum  temperature  

June4  r      90.8 

Julyl  

94.4 

Octobers  

94.0 

June  29,  1891  

101.0 

January  10  '      32.  9 

29  9 

34  5 

January  14  1888. 

-'  1  9 

Annual  range  

57.9 

64.5 

59  5 

58.9 

JuneSO  37.4 

Julvl 

31  2 

May  11 

33  2 

June  20  1892 

38  1 

March  2                           3  5 

March  23 

2  3 

2  5 

June  60.8 

58  5 

59  g 

62  9 

Lowest  monthly  mean  

Januarv  43.  3 

December  

46  3 

46  6 

40  6 

Greatest  monthlv  range  

April  ...                           44.4 
v 

February  

49.6 

October 

49  0 

June  1891 

55  1 

Lowest  monthlv  range  

August  23.3 

August  

26.7 

20  8 

19  3 

128 


CLIMATOLOGY  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

PRECIPITATION. 


Year  ending  June  30,  1898. 

Year  ending  June  30,  1899. 

Year  ending  June  30,  1900. 

Ten  years  ending  June  30, 
1897. 

Date. 

Amount. 

Date.            Amount. 

Date. 

Amount. 

Date. 

Amount. 

Inches. 
14  408 

:    Inches. 
27  662 

Inches. 
25.359 

Inches. 
28.  573 
4.160 

12.634 

Maximum  rainfall   during 
twenty-four  hours. 
Maximum  rainfall  for  one 
month. 

December?  

2.221 
3.279 

March  22  3.198 

October  20-21... 

3.198 
5.864 

February  15,  1891 
December,  1894  . 

March                  !      13  192 

RELATIVE  HUMIDITY. 


Year  ending  June  30,  1898. 

Year  ending  June  30,  1899. 

Year  ending  June  30,  1900. 

Ten  years  ending  June  30, 
1897. 

Date. 

Per 

cent. 

Date. 

Per 
cent. 

Date. 

Per 

cent. 

Date. 

Per 

cent. 

84  29 

85.4 
100.0 

54.8 
45.2 

87.1 

82.9 

100.0 

27.3 

62.0 
60.2 
89.5 
68.1 
69.7 
20.0 

Maximum  humidity  

June  30,  8  p.  m  ... 
October  26,8  p.m. 

100.0 

48.0 
52.0 

(") 
October  20,  8  a.  m. 

(July  13,  8  a.  m  
^January  3,   10,    8 
I    a.  m. 

Octobers,  8a.m.. 

I  100.0 

51.0 
49.0 

January      14,      7 
a.  m.,  1888. 
January      15,      9 
p.  m.,  1888. 
March  12,  9  p.  m., 
1889. 
October28,2p.m., 
1890. 

Greatest  daily  variation  
Highest  monthly  mean  

March  10  22 

39.0 
87.9 
80.35 
46.0 
20.0 

October  16 

37.3 
91.5 
79.5 
44.0 
20.5 

February  5  

38.5 
91.0 
83.1 
46.0 
17.0 

September  24,  1891 
January,  1895  
January,  1892  
October,  1890  
September,  1896  .. 

February  

July  

January  
October  

Highest  monthly  range  

do  

do  
March  

a  July  7,  9,  8  p.  m.;  August  1,  8  p.  m.;  September  1,  16,  19,  21,  8  p.  m.;  February  3,  8  a.  m. 
WEATHER  IN  GENERAL. 


Number  of  — 

Total. 

Foggy 
days. 

Days 
on 
which 
rain 
fell. 

Description  of 
prevailing  wind. 

Clear 
days. 

Fair 
days. 

Cloudy 
days. 

Year  ending  June  30  1898                                                   

171 
124 

88 
175 

87 
136 
126 
67 

107 
105 
151 
123 

365 

365 
365 
365 

48 
49 
52 
66 

52 

61 
88 
70 

South  and  calm. 
Do. 
Do. 
Southwest. 

Year  ending  June  30  1899 

Year  ending  June  30  1900   .                                         .        

For  Rainfall  tables  see  page  168. 

BOCA. 

/ 

[Data  from  records  of  Southern  Pacific  Railway  Company.] 

Boca  is  situated  at  the  junction  of  the  Truckee  and  Little  Truckee  rivers,  in  latitude 
39°  25'  north,  longitude  120°  5'  west,  and  has  an  elevation  of  5,535  feet;  within  a  short  dis- 
tance are  elevations  of  from  7,000  to  8,000  feet.  It  is  in  Nevada  County,  on  the  eastern 
slope  of  the  Sierra  Nevada  Mountains,  and  has  essentially  a  mountain  climate.  The  general 
movement  of  the  air  is  from  the  north,  although  southwest  winds  blowing  down  the  valley 
of  the  Truckee  River  are  frequent.  Killing  frosts  occur  late  in  spring  and  early  in  autumn. 
The  mean  annual  temperature,  based  upon  records  covering  a  period  of  thirty  years,  is  43.8°. 
The  coldest  month  is  January,  with  a  mean  temperature  of  25.9°.  December  and  February 
are  also  very  cold  months.  The  warmest  month  is  July,  with  a  mean  temperature  of  62.7°. 
The  minimum  temperatures  for  the  last  four  years  are  as  follows:  Zero  January  9,  1897;  12° 
below  zero  December  30,  1898;  30°  below  zero  February  6,  1899,  and  zero  December  31,  1900. 
The  mean  annual  precipitation  for  thirty-one  years  is  20.14  inches.  The  month  of  heaviest 
precipitation  is  January,  with  an  average  of  4.30  inches.  The  snowfall  for  the  past  four 
years  is  as  follows:  1897,  193  inches;  1898,  86  inches;  1899,  224  inches;  1900,  158  inches. 


LOCAL    CLIMATOLOGY. 


129 


MONTHLY  AND  ANNUAL  MILAN  TEMPERATURE  (DEGREES  FAHRENHEIT). 


Year.                             Jan.    j    Feb         Mar. 

Apr.       May. 

June.      July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1871                    29.1         30.8         39.1 

42,7        52.4 

61.9        70.3 

68.4 

58.4 

48.7 

35.4 

33.2 

49.2 

1872                S2.1        37.7        39.5 

41.1        56.9 

67.4        65.7 

67.7 

52.5 

48.5 

35.4 

32.2 

48.1 

1873           36.0        28.9.        31.3 

40.4         48.9 

52.0        66.9 

61.3 

58.1 

45.3 

44.6 

26.8 

45.0 

1874                       '      23.3         23.8         29.2 

42.5         48.4 

57.5        68.7 

60.4 

54.8 

47.5 

40.4 

33.3 

44.2 

1875           30.3  '      30.8        36.9 

43.6        57.8 

54.5        65.2 

64.2 

48.4 

50.4 

35.4 

35.4 

46.1 

1876                             19.4         25.3         32.6 

38.2         48.2 

63.2        63.0 

60.9 

57.6 

50.8 

37.2 

21.0 

43.1 

1877              27.9         33.1         43.0 

43.2         47.8 

63.2         63.5 

62.1 

59.1 

44.3 

38.8 

31.1 

46.4 

1878                      30.8  ,      30.3        35.5 

42.  7         47.  6 

58.0        58.9 

62.7 

54.4 

44.5 

39.2 

28.1 

44.4 

1879        20.8        33.9        38.2 

43.6         44.3 

57.8        61.3 

62.3 

57.9 

42.9 

34.6 

24.5 

43.5 

1880                    18.8        18.3        24.0 

38.2         45.7 

56.3        63.9 

58.5 

52.8 

44.4 

31.2 

31.4 

40.3 

1881                                                          29.1        33.9        38.3 

48.7        48.6 

57.2        62.9 

52.4 

59.3 

41.5 

22.7 

23.9 

43.2 

1882                             31.5         18.1         25.7 

34.4        47.3 

56.4        64.2 

60.6 

55.1 

58.2 

31.6 

31.3 

42.9 

1883                                                          22.4        18.7        40.9 

51.0        47.3 

56.3        60.2 

56.8 

53.6 

41.0 

32.4 

29.4 

42.5 

1884                                22.6        18.7        30.0 

37.4         49.0 

56.2         60.7 

64.6 

51.1 

46.0 

35.8 

31.6 

42.0 

1885  30.2        38.8        46.9 

44.6         52.4 

53.5         62.9 

64.2 

58.7 

49.9 

40.5 

33.1 

48.0 

1886                                     30.0        38.1  i      36.6 

46.5        52.5 

57.5        62.7 

62.7 

54.8 

45.0 

28.4 

34.1 

45.7 

1887          27.4         21.4  '      34.3 

42.9        51.8 

56.4        64.9 

63.5 

55.9 

49.6 

33.5 

22.4 

43.7 

1888                                            15.8        27.6        33.4 

42.5        53.4 

58.4        67.9 

63.6 

60.4 

43.5 

33.5 

31.2 

44.3 

1889               26.1         31.3        33.6 

48.2        48.6 

63.9        63.9 

61.9 

56.8 

43.5 

41.7 

28.8 

45.7 

1890                                                ...       19.2        27.2        33.4 

43.0         52.5 

53.9         63.6 

62.1 

63.6 

48.9 

43.8 

26.9 

44.8 

1891               25.0        28.0        34.3 

41.4         50.0 

56.5  I      66.5 

68.7 

54.2 

48.1 

40.6 

20.6 

44.0 

1892                                                20.5         22.2         33.1 

37.1         45.3 

57.1        58.9 

61.1 

5L3 

41.0 

29.7 

22.2 

39.9 

1893                           27.4         24.4         28.6 

34.5  !      47.1 

56.  1        59.  9 

61.5 

52.5 

47.9 

40.0 

32.1 

42.7 

1894                                                  .         26.5        28.6        33.2 

41.3        50.5 

54.5        55.4 

56.7 

52.1 

45.8 

44.5 

29.1 

43.2 

1895                             26.1         29.3        32.2 

38.8        52.7 

57.4        60.1 

57.9 

51.6 

48.2 

38.7 

31.2 

43.7 

1896                                               .           32.6        37.1         36.7 

36.6        43.7 

59.1        63.2 

57.7 

53.0 

47.3 

37.6 

33.5 

44.8 

1897                                27.8        21.8        24.1 

40.9        53.7 

55.3        59.3 

59.5 

49.2 

41.3 

33.4 

24.4 

40.9 

1898                                              -            18.4        32.2        28.4 

43.5        45.9 

54.5        61.0 

63.1 

50.5 

38.2 

28.7 

21.6 

40.5 

1899                               25.5         26.6         31.4 

37.2         40.6 

54.6        56.7 

50.8 

51.5 

37.0 

36.1 

23.7 

39.3 

1900           25.3        32.4        34.7 

36.0  ,      48.2 

56.1        59.9 

52.4 

44.5 

39.9 

37.3 

29.4 

41.3 

Mean  (30  years)              i      25.9        28.3        34.0 

41.4         49.3 

57.  4        62.  7 

60.8 

55.1 

45.6 

36.1 

28.6 

43.8 

MONTHLY  AND  ANNUAL  PRECIPITATION  (INCHES  AND  HUNDREDTHS). 


1870                                  4.31 

3.85 

1.82 

0.81        0.55        0.14 

0.12 

0.00 

0.00 

0.52 

0.04 

1.10 

13.26 

1871                                                       .        2.50 

2.32 

1.60 

0.45        0.00        0.10 

2.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.60 

7.30 

16.87 

1872                                    3.00 

0.90 

0.10 

1.50  i      0.10  i      0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.20 

2.60 

8.40 

1873                                                          1.  80 

4.10 

0.10 

0.10  !      0.75        0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

4.30 

U.15 

1874                                           4.70 

2.40 

6.20 

0.80        0.60        0.00 

0.60 

0.00 

0.10 

2.15 

3.70 

0.60 

21.85 

1875.                    6.30 

0.00 

0.65 

0.60        0.00        0.40 

T. 

0.00 

0.00 

T. 

1.06 

1.65 

10.66 

1876                                                 .  .       8.  10 

3.60 

4.72 

0.70        0.10        0.00 

0.22 

0.01 

0.01 

0.25 

0.02 

0.00 

17.73 

1877.              '      5.22 

0.00 

0.46 

0.95        0.36        0.10 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.50 

0.30 

8.89 

1878                                                          3.  94 

6.74 

0.86 

1.30        0.00  !      0.13 

0.08 

0.00 

0.17 

0.99 

1.60 

0.00 

15.81 

1879                    5.47 

2.92 

4.80 

2.08        0.45  !      0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.20 

0.98 

4.18 

21.08 

1880                                                          3.00 

3.00 

2.90 

6.95        0.75  •      0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

3.68 

20.28 

1881                                       4.31 

3.75 

2.90 

1.48        0.00        0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.10 

1.20 

1.00 

14.74 

1882                                                          3  90 

3.60 

10.20 

1.00  |      0.00  '      0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.80 

0.90 

0.60 

21.00 

1883.                                                         1-  IS 

2.20 

1.70 

0.90  '      1.80  !      0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

2.45 

0.50 

0.60 

11.30 

1884                                                          4  60 

6.30 

5.10 

1.90  '      0.30  ;      1.40 

0.00 

0.00 

T. 

0.80 

0.00 

8.20 

28.60 

1885                                ..            1.00 

0.10 

0.10 

1.50  j      0.00  j      0.30 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

2.40 

2.98 

8.38 

1886                                                          8  35 

0.85 

4.40 

1.30  '      0.50  1      0.00 

1.00 

0.00 

0.10 

0.70 

0.70 

0.70 

18.60 

1887                                       2.40 

12.70 

0.00 

1.80           T.  !      0.00 

0.00 

T. 

0.00 

0.00 

0.30 

2.70 

19.90 

1888                                                               3  75 

1.00 

2.40 

0.10  i      0.51        0.10 

0.15 

0.30 

0.12 

0.00 

0.95 

1.45 

10.83 

1889                                       1.05 

0.60 

1.15 

0.10  ;      3.90  '      0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

o.ob 

1.50 

4.55 

19.35 

32.20 

1890                                                         14  60 

5.40 

5.45 

0.60  j      0.70  !      0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.70 

0.00 

3.65 

31.10 

1891                                    :      1.25 

11.80 

2.50 

1.70  1      1.40        0.25 

0.05 

0.00 

0.60 

0.00 

0.25 

8.30 

28.10 

1892                                                       .        0  70 

3.35 

1.70 

2.70  I      3.10  i      0.70 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.50 

8.35 

6.95 

29.05 

1893                                  4.55 

8.90 

4.00 

1.90        1.35        0.00 

0.00 

0.06 

0.55 

0.25 

2.42 

3.70 

27.67 

1894                                                          5.  10 

7.55 

1.00  j      0.33           T. 

0.00 

T. 

T. 

0.61 

0.50 

11.80 

27.64 

1895                                                          8  36 

1.20 

0.45 

0  70  !      0.90           T. 

0.00 

0.97 

0.11 

0.71 

3.07 

16.47 

1896                                                 .  '      7.75 

0.50 

6.30 

6.65        3.10        0.25 

L15 

0.18 

0.35 

0.00 

2.47 

1.80 

30.50 

1897  2.20 

6.35 

8.35 

0.10  |      0.50  •      0.40 

0.00 

0.50 

T. 

2.10 

2.80 

2.72 

26.02 

1898                                            .  ...       1.55 

2.90 

2.50 

1.30  1      0.85  '      1.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.01 

1.28 

1.84 

1.58 

14.81 

1899                                                          6  80 

1  85 

7  95 

0  85  1      2.  40        0.  10 

0.00 

0.98 

0.00 

4.42 

2.59 

4.53 

32.47 

1900                                       1.57 

0.60 

3.52 

4.27  !      1.10  '      2.67 

T 

1.22 

0.66 

3.04 

5.73 

4.58 

28.96 

3  S9 

3  08 

1  55         0  85         0  26 

0  17 

0  10 

0  12 

0  79 

•   -> 

3.74 

20  14 

1176— Bull.  L-O3- 


130 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 


CHICO. 

Chico  is  situated  about  5  miles  east  of  the  Sacraniento  River,  in  the  northern  central  portion 
of  the  valley,  latitude  39°  43',  longitude  121°  51'.  The  lower  foothills  of  the  Sierra  Nevada 
Mountains  lie  close  to  the  east.  While  the  elevation  of  Chico  itself  is  but  193  feet,  10  miles  east 
the  contours  approximate  1,000  feet,  and  20  miles  east  elevations  of  several  thousand  feet  are 
reached.  The  Sierra  Nevada  Mountains  are  not  quite  as  abrupt  and  lofty  here  as  elsewhere  in 
the  range.  The  general  drainage  of  the  air  is  down  the  main  axis  of  the  valley,  that  is,  from  the 
northwest;  but  there  must  also  be  a  considerable  movement  of  air  from  the  northeast  and  east, 
backward  over  the  mountains,  with  the  passage  of  certain  high  areas  eastward. 

The  mean  annual  temperature,  based  upon  records  extending  over  a  period  of  thirty  years, 
is  63.8°.  The  coldest  month  is  January,  with  a  mean  temperature  of  46.7°,  and  the  warmest  is 
July,  83.9°. 

The  highest  temperature  recorded  within  this  period  of  thirty  years  was  117°.  Tempera- 
tures exceeding  100°  are  not  infrequent  during  June,  July,  and  August.  The  lowest  temperature 
was  18°,  or  an  absolute  range  of  99°.  The  lowest  temperature  recorded  in  April  was  36°,  and  in 
May  40°.  The  first  killing  frost  in  autumn  last  year  (1899)  occurred  on  December  12  and  the 
last  killing  frost  in  spring  on  March  30. 

The  mean  annual  rainfall  for  twenty-nine  years  is  22.44  inches.  More  than  half  of  this 
amount  falls  in  the  three  months  of  December,  January,  and  February.  July  is  practically  a 
rainless  month,  as  only  thrice  in  twenty-nine  years  has  rain  fallen  to  an  appreciable  extent.  The 
rainfall  is  well  distributed  for  agricultural  purposes.  During  twelve  of  the  twenty-nine  years 
the  total  annual  rainfall  has  not  equaled  20  inches,  but  only  twice  has  the  rainfall  not  exceeded 
15  inches.  The  driest  year  was  that  of  1898,  when  but  12.31  inches  fell.  The  year  of  greatest 
rainfall  was  1892,  when  over  36  inches  fell. 

MAXIMUM  TEMPERATURE  (DEGREES  FAHRENHEIT). 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

1878 

65 

65 

78 

82 

105 

105 

Ill 

98 

90 

73 

1879  

62 

74 

82 

84 

95 

104 

106 

108 

105 

92 

78 

62 

1880 

64 

65 

76 

86 

99 

96 

106 

102 

102 

92 

75 

68 

1881  

74 

87 

92 

94 

108 

106 

102 

106 

86 

78 

62 

1882. 

58 

60 

86 

94 

105 

106 

112 

110 

102 

84 

68 

68 

1883  

80 

84 

84 

100 

108 

110 

108 

107 

88 

75 

63 

1884 

BO 

78 

76 

85 

85 

97 

105 

111 

95 

78 

75 

74 

1885        . 

68 

75 

86 

96 

104 

100 

107 

115 

105 

103 

1886.. 

66 

80 

76 

89 

100 

106 

114 

109 

105 

90 

84 

76 

1887  

69 

70 

80 

87 

107 

113 

114 

110 

105 

95 

80 

62 

1888. 

62 

80 

80 

95 

98 

100 

110 

111 

109 

90 

73 

64 

1889  

66 

78 

80 

86 

104 

106 

114 

115 

103 

98 

75 

60 

1890 

59 

66 

72 

86 

98 

ir>4 

111 

104 

92 

92 

88 

70 

1891  

72 

68 

78 

90 

98 

114 

117 

116 

99 

91 

78 

68 

1892. 

70 

76 

84 

S4 

98 

in4 

105 

110 

98 

95 

88 

72 

1893  

68 

72 

78 

80 

92 

96 

105 

108 

98 

90 

83 

78 

1894.. 

64 

70 

78 

88 

92 

10"> 

105 

no 

106 

96 

90 

66 

1895  

66 

78 

80 

9? 

98 

108 

108 

110 

98 

94 

80 

68 

1896. 

64 

75 

78 

78 

94 

100 

108 

104 

105 

94 

76 

67 

1897  

62 

74 

75 

92 

98 

109 

108 

OS 

100 

85 

78 

69 

1898  

66 

76 

78 

97 

98 

104 

114 

112 

100 

90 

85 

70 

1899 

78 

84 

77 

90 

92 

107 

107 

103 

105 

102 

76 

73 

Absolute  maximum  and  year  

f    78 

84 

87 

97 

107 

114 

117 

116 

109 

103 

90 

78 

1  1899 

1899 

1881 

1898 

1887 

1891 

1891 

1891 

1888 

1885 

1894 

1893 

LOCAL    CLIMATOLOGY. 
MINIMUM  TEMPERATURE  (DEGREES  FAHRENHEIT). 


131 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov.   Dec. 

1878             

28 

n 

39 

38 

64 

58 

60 

52 

42 

34       24 

1879   >.  

28 

30 

43 

48 

46 

56 

60 

62 

60 

48 

34      26 

1880               

25 

28 

34 

42 

46 

60 

68 

62 

60 

52 

22       40 

18S1  

46 

42 

54 

56 

66 

62 

68 

56 

36 

28      32 

1882            

30 

30 

36 

46 

50 

60 

70 

70 

54 

54 

28      34 

1883    

26 

46 

47 

46 

60 

74 

70 

62 

40 

30      30 

1884              

30 

20 

34 

48 

56 

54 

67 

65 

50 

48 

35  :     25 

1885       

35 

35 

45 

48 

50 

58 

65 

64 

58 

46 

39      33 

1886  

29 

40 

38 

44 

50 

66 

68 

69 

55 

37 

33      33 

1887    

30 

28 

40 

48 

50 

52 

75 

52 

54 

45 

30      32 

1888                     

18 

35 

40 

45 

55 

60 

65 

67 

60 

45 

37      35 

1889          

31 

27 

45 

48 

48 

60 

65 

65 

53 

50 

40      32 

1890  

28 

28 

36 

46 

50 

53 

60 

60 

56 

47 

40      33 

1891              

31 

30 

38 

44 

53 

50 

60 

65 

58 

55 

38      20 

1892  

32 

32 

32 

38 

42 

50 

56 

58 

53 

38 

32      32 

1893                  

32 

30 

34 

36 

42 

52 

60 

58 

45 

40 

32      30 

1894         

24 

28 

28 

36 

42 

48 

62 

60 

46 

42 

33      31 

1895 

33 

36 

40 

40 

54 

55 

64 

58 

50 

42 

30      28 

1896              

29 

37 

30 

36 

40 

52 

58 

58 

52 

44 

26      35 

1897 

35 

30 

33 

41 

53 

58 

65 

58 

55 

42 

34      28 

1898             .    

25 

36 

V 

45 

52 

55 

65 

64 

55 

45 

35      28 

1899  

30 

25 

35 

45 

45 

57 

60 

t» 

58 

44 

45  i     34 

Absolute  minimum  and  year  

I   18 
1  1888 

20 

1884 

28 
1894 

36 
ol893 

40 
1896 

48 
1894 

56 
1892 

52 
1887 

45 
1893 

36 
1881 

22      20 
1880    1891 

a  Also  1894  and  1896. 
MONTHLY  AND  ANNUAL  MEAN  TEMPERATURE  (DEGREES  FAHRENHEIT). 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1870             

47.8 

50.9 

51.3 

60.1 

67.4 

76.3 

86.8 

81.6 

71.7 

62.6 

53.8 

44.6 

62.8 

1871 

47.9 

47.7 

54.9 

59.4 

65.2 

79.2 

-_•  | 

82.9 

72.3 

61.5 

51.6 

47  4 

62  7 

1872             

46.9 

51.9 

55.6 

59.1 

71.3 

77.0 

89.1 

77.7 

73.1 

63.5 

50.4 

46.5 

63.5 

1873 

50.1 

46.2 

57.5 

60.2 

69.9 

77.2 

84.2 

75.3 

75.5 

61  8 

52  8 

38  8 

62  5 

1874                 

43.2 

45.9 

50.0 

58.7 

66.6 

73.9 

80.3 

74.9 

71.4 

60.7 

51.1 

42.9 

60  0 

1875          

42.5 

48.4 

52.5 

66.3 

71.1 

72.3 

81.8 

83.6 

76.8 

71.4 

45.6 

48.4 

63.4 

1876                 ..  .. 

44.9 

48.4 

52.6 

61.8 

65.7 

79.9 

74.6 

73.6 

76.1 

70  8 

55.6 

47  8 

62  6 

1877                 

50.2 

53.7 

60.5 

60.8 

67.1 

79.5 

82.8 

80.2 

75.1 

63.6 

52.6 

42.3 

64  0 

1878  

49.6 

51.3 

57.6 

66.6 

70.8 

83.3 

85.4 

86.8 

74.3 

66.1 

56.0 

46.0 

66.0 

1879                 

45.0 

54.4 

58.7 

62.9 

61.6 

78.5 

80.3 

83.5 

78.5 

64.1 

51.6 

44  3 

63  6 

1880         

44.6 

45.4 

54.0 

57.6 

65.7 

75.7 

85.2 

80.8 

78.9 

76.1 

48.1 

49.5 

63  5 

1881 

49.6 

56.3 

59.0 

69.3 

73.9 

78.5 

87.6 

82.6 

78.2 

67  3 

58  2 

46  6 

66  4 

1882              .   

43.0 

45.1 

56.8 

61.2 

68.8 

79.5 

86.5 

85.8 

76.6 

64.9 

46.4 

60  8 

63  7 

1883 

46.5 

49.7 

60.8 

60.4 

68.4 

87.5 

91.1 

86.7 

79  2 

61  3 

61  1 

45  5 

65  7 

1884                 

46.6 

44.4 

53.8 

60.7 

71.2 

70.2 

84.1 

86.7 

69.1 

58.4 

57.5 

50  6 

62  8 

1885 

49.4 

54.5 

63.9 

65.1 

73.9 

76.5 

84  4 

88  3 

76  1 

70  8 

54  9 

51  4 

67  4 

1886                  

48.5 

57.1 

54.7 

60.2 

70.5 

84.0 

89.0 

85.1 

77.9 

62  5 

52  9 

52  6 

66  2 

1887  

50.5 

45.0 

60.0 

65.0 

72.7 

80.6 

88.3 

80.1 

77.7 

70.5 

55.0 

48  5 

66  2 

1888 

42.6 

54.9 

56.4 

70.9 

71.6 

75.1 

86.0 

82.1 

88  0 

67  2 

54  7 

51  4 

66  3 

1889             

45.3 

51.4 

68.9 

64.2 

69.7 

82.6 

85.2 

85.1 

77.9 

64.2 

54.7 

48  1 

65  6 

1890 

42.1 

46.3 

51.5 

61.3 

68.7 

71.3 

80  4 

79  5 

70  9 

63  7 

67  2 

45  5 

61  5 

1891                  

50.0 

48.5 

55.1 

CO.  9 

67.9 

77.5 

87.5 

85.6 

75.4 

71.1 

57  8 

43  9 

65  1 

1892 

47.1 

49.6 

53.2 

56.2 

64.6 

70.9 

77  1 

76  7 

72  8 

65  8 

58  5 

52.5 

62  1 

1893              

45.8 

49.3 

49.6 

53.4 

64.8 

71.0 

77.1 

78.5 

64  7 

59  3 

52  8 

48  8 

59  6 

1894 

44.8 

46.2 

52.7 

60.1 

63.9 

63.2 

81  3 

79  5 

71  3 

64  0 

58  5 

48  6 

61  2 

1895              

48.8 

56.6 

57.0 

62.2 

68.4 

80.4 

81.4 

82  8 

68  8 

65  6 

52  2 

45  3 

64  0 

1896 

49.3 

53.1 

55.0 

53.4 

62.2 

77.6 

84  9 

78  6 

71  6 

65  4 

52  7 

52  0 

63  0 

1897             

47.3 

50.4 

52.0 

65.2 

74.8 

77.7 

85.1 

83  5 

73  2 

61  6 

55  7 

48  4 

64  5 

1898 

42.4 

63.2 

54.0 

64.7 

65.6 

77.1 

85  2 

85  3 

75  0 

65  5 

53  6 

;.;  | 

64  0 

1899  .  .       

49.6 

52.6 

53.4 

63.2 

65.6 

78.2 

84.6 

73  2 

76  8 

63  3 

57  8 

48  0 

63  9 

1900 

51.0 

53.2 

59.9 

59.4 

69  3 

78.7 

82  6 

79  2 

72  6 

59  9 

57  Q 

47  9 

64  2 

46.9 

50.3 

55.6 

61.6 

68.4 

77  1 

83  9 

81  5 

74  6 

64  6 

53  8 

47  5 

63  8 

132 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 
MONTHLY  AND  ANNUAL  PRECIPITATION  (INCHES  AND  HUNDREDTHS). 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1871                        .               

2.36 

3.53 

1.17 

2.13 

1.12 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.09 

2.07 

10.11 

22.68 

1872 

7.94 

8.12 

1.02 

1.64 

0.00 

0.33 

0.00 

0.06 

0.00 

0.20 

2.11 

5.07 

26.48 

1873                                        

2.51 

2.04 

1.50 

1.08 

0.08 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.65 

2.16 

9.36 

19.38 

1874 

6.16 

2.94 

•2.21 

1.90 

0.92 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

4.60 

5.96 

0.65 

24.34 

1875                  .                        

4.77 

0.38 

0.86 

T. 

0.18 

1.36 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.57 

5.08 

2.21 

15.41 

1876 

4.76 

7.49 

4.59 

0.00 

T. 

T. 

0.50 

0.00 

0.14 

4.03 

0.35 

0.00 

21.86 

1877 

5.70 

2.04 

2.64 

0.31 

0.33 

0.28 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.44 

2.49 

2.31 

17.64 

1878  

12.04 

10.01 

4.49 

1.52 

0.42 

0.00 

0.00 

T. 

0.54 

0.96 

1.11 

0.27 

31.36 

1879 

3.70 

4.93 

8.62 

2.17 

2.05 

0.12 

T. 

0.20 

0.00 

0.42 

3.08 

4.76 

25.05 

1880  

1.14 

0.95 

0.47 

5.78 

0.76 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

8.29 

17.38 

1881 

4.36 

3.94 

1.03 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.13 

0.00 

1.55 

2.65 

14.56 

1882  

1.61 

4.54 

4.54 

1.01 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.13 

1.76 

2.26 

0.84 

17.69 

1883 

0.67 

0.27 

3.61 

1.65 

5.01 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.65 

3.78 

0.86 

0.50 

17.00 

1884  

2.48 

2.16 

6.57 

2.93 

0.40 

2.11 

0.00 

0.00 

0.86 

1.40 

0.00 

6.28 

23.19 

1885 

2.26 

1.01 

0.30 

0.75 

0.63 

0.58 

0.00 

0.00 

0.30 

0.27 

8.99 

5.42 

20.41 

1886  

4.44 

0.75 

2.29 

4.17 

0.36 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.97 

0.15 

2.78 

15.91 

1887 

0.68 

6.53 

1.38 

2.31 

0.00 

0.96 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.05 

2.53 

15.44 

1888    

4.95 

1.15 

1.94 

0.15 

0.00 

1.20 

0.00 

0.01 

0.68 

0.00 

4.49 

6.35 

19.92 

1889  

0.34 

0.50 

5.68 

0.97 

1.78 

0.42 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

7.80 

2.59 

9.74 

29.82 

1890.                      

5.26 

2.51 

5.65 

1.97 

1.87 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.28 

0.00 

0.00 

3.24 

21.78 

1891 

1  36 

8.76 

1.23 

1.78 

0.20 

0.96 

0.15 

0.00 

0.16 

0.34 

0.46 

4.39 

19.79 

1892  .                   

5.02 

3.28 

4.58 

3.81 

3.24 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.92 

6.31 

9.08 

36.24 

1893  

5.54 

4.14 

5.46 

1.63 

1.34 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.67 

0.00 

3.53 

3.18 

25.49 

1894 

7.19 

2.52 

1.68 

0.00 

1.80 

0.97 

0.00 

0.00 

2.00 

2.64 

0.73 

11.08 

30.61 

1895  

11.77 

2.68 

2.67 

3.25 

0.51 

0.00 

0.47 

0.00 

3.16 

0.00 

1.17 

1.78 

27.35 

1896 

10.08 

0  21 

2.99 

5.88 

1.60 

0.00 

0.00 

0.41 

0.76 

0.52 

5.52 

5.81 

33.78 

1897....  

3.89 

5.94 

1.44 

1.36 

0.18 

0.61 

0.00 

0.00 

0.10 

3.26 

1.58 

2.38 

20.74 

1898 

0  85 

5  30 

0.19 

0.47 

1.63 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.40 

0.40 

1.26 

1.81 

12.31 

1899    . 

7.17 

0.00 

4.21 

0.52 

0.81 

2.27 

0.00 

0.12 

0.00 

2.95 

5.05 

4.20 

27.30 

1900 

3  79 

0  95 

2  CO 

2  47 

1.64 

0.55 

0.00 

0.00 

T. 

2.22 

4.75 

1.77 

20.14 

4  46 

3  32 

2  70 

1  79 

0  96 

0.42 

0.04 

0.03 

0.47 

1.41 

2.56 

4.22 

22.36 

CORONADO. 
By  Mr.  FORD  A.  CARPENTER,  Observer,  Weather  Bureau. 

Coronado  is  practically  an  island;  only  a  long  and  a  very  narrow  strip  of  land  connects  it 
with  the  mainland.  San  Diego  Bay  may  be  likened  to  an  inverted  J  lying-  northwest  and  south- 
east. Coronado  lies  snugly  within  the  curve  of  the  J  and  has  a  southern  exposure.  It  is  there- 
fore readily  seen  that  the  climate  of  Coronado  is  substantially  that  of  San  Diego.  The  differences 
are  slight  and  have  only  been  determined  by  comparison  of  the  records  of  self-registering 
instruments. 

Regular  meteorological  observations  have  been  made  at  Coronado  since  the  erection  of  the 
Hotel  del  Coronado  in  February,  1888,  but  it  has  only  been  a  little  over  a  year  since  a  set  of 
recording  instruments  has  been  installed.  The  instruments  now  used  comprise  a  Richards  baro- 
graph located  in  the  hotel  lobby  (elevation  30  feet  above  sea  level),  one  Richards  thermograph 
and  other  recording  thermometers  exposed  in  a  standard  instrument  shelter  on  the  northwest 
lawn,  75  feet  away  from  any  building,  tree,  etc.,  and  20  feet  above  sea  level.  The  rain  gage  is 
located  on  the  lawn  near  the  instrument  shelter.  The  photographic  sunshine  recorder  is  mounted 
on  the  east  tower  of  the  hotel.  Such  is  the  instrumental  equipment  of  Coronado  as  installed  by 
the  San  Diego  office  of  the  United  States  Weather  Bureau. 

The  region  in  which  Coronado  is  situated  lies  too  far  south  to  be  affected  very  much  by  the 
areas  of  low  pressure  that  enter  the  Pacific  coast  near  Vancouver.  Probably  four-fifths  of  the 
northern  storm  areas  of  winter  are  too  distant  to  cause  any  fluctuations  of  the  barometer.  This 
is  also  true  of  the  summer  storms  of  the  southwest.  Areas  of  high  barometer  are  almost  as 
persistent  during  the  winter  months  as  areas  of  low  pressure  during  the  summer.  The  highs 
are  responsible  for  the  relative  warm,  dry,  and  clear  winter  weather,  and  the  lows  for  damp, 
cool,  and  cloudy  summer  months. 


LOCAL    CLIMATOLOGY. 

AVERAGE   AND    EXTREME    DATA    FOR   A    PERIOD   OF   THIRTEEN    YEARS. 
[Record  began  February  1,  1888.] 


133 


Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

For  the 
year. 

Temperature: 

55 

57 

58 

60 

63 

64 

66 

69 

68 

65 

60 

56 

61.7 

17 

16 

14 

14 

12 

10 

11 

12 

12 

14 

17 

16 

13.8 

63 

64 

65 

67 

69 

70 

72 

73 

74 

71 

69 

65 

68.5 

46 

48 

49 

54 

57 

59 

61 

65 

62 

56 

50 

48 

54.6 

Highest 

80 

85 

86 

93 

98 

93 

84 

90 

93 

93 

91 

83 

98 

32 

34 

36 

41 

45 

51 

55 

54 

53 

48 

38 

32 

32 

Humidity:  n 
Average  relative  (per  cent). 
Average  absolute  (inches).. 
Precipitation,  average  in  inches. 
Wind: 

73 
0.277 
2.20 

N«". 

75 

0.298 
1.91 

NW. 

77 
0.347 
1.65 

W. 

76 
0.373 
..73 

W. 

79 
0.402 
.35 

W. 

79 
0.465 
.06 

W. 

81 
0.517 
0 

W. 

81 
0.555 
.02 

W. 

-_• 
0.555 
.04 

NW. 

79 
0.417 

.29 

NW. 

72 
0.334 
.76 

NW. 

T2 
0.310 
1.90 

NW. 

77.3 
0.404 
9.81 

NW. 

Average    hourly   velocity 

4.9 

5.4 

5.5 

5.6 

6.0 

|  v 

5.5 

5.7 

4.9 

4.8 

4.9 

5.4 

Weather: 
Average  number  of  days  — 
Clear 

20 

20 

20 

18 

18 

14 

24 

22 

21 

20 

23 

19 

239 

Partlv  oloudv  

6 

6 

5 

8 

8 

7 

3 

6 

5 

6 

5 

5 

70 

Cloudy 

5 

2 

6 

4 

5 

9 

4 

3 

4 

5 

2 

56 

6 

7 

7 

3 

1 

0 

0 

1 

2 

3 

7 

42 

With  fog 

2 

1 

1 

> 

0 

1 

1 

1 

1 

5 

2 

1 

18 

Largest  number  of  days  — 
Clear  

25 

25 

26 

24 

23 

30 

28 

H 

27 

28 

29 

30 

15 

11 

12 

11 

11 

17 

13 

10 

8 

13 

11 

8 

17 

Cloudy  

9 

13 

12 

13 

17 

11 

4 

10 

11 

12 

13 

15 

.17 

Smallest  number  of  days  — 
Clear        

12 

9 

8 

9 

3 

5 

18 

14 

16 

12 

12 

10 

3 

3 

2 

2 

2 

2 

3 

1 

1 

0 

2 

0 

1 

0 

Cloudy  

2 

0 

2 

2 

5 

0 

0 

0 

0 

2 

2 

1 

0 

a  Data  from  the  San  Diego  Weather  Bureau  station,  which  is  2}  miles  northeast  of  Coronado  and  60  feet  higher. 


GILROY. 
[Data  from  records  of  Southern  Pacific  Railway  Company.] 

Gilroy  is  situated  near  the  southern  line  of  Santa  Clara  County,  30  miles  southeast  of  San 
Jose,  in  latitude  36C  59'  north,  longitude  121°  33'  west;  elevation,  193  feet. 

The  mean  annual  temperature,  based  upon  records  covering  twenty-seven  years,  is  58.4°. 
July  and  August  are  the  warmest  months,  with  mean  temperatures  of  68.8C  and  67.9°,  respec- 
tively, and  the  coldest  month  is  January,  with  a  mean  of  46. 5C.  The  highest  monthly  mean 
recorded  is  77. 3C,  in  July.  1875,  and  the  lowest  39.9°,  in  December,  1874.  Following  are  the 
maximum  temperatures  in  the  past  five  years:  103°  in  August.  1897;  107°  in  July,  1898;  99  in 
June,  1899;  106°  in  August,  1900,  and  104°  in  August.  1901.  The  lowest  temperatures  recorded 
in  recent  years  are  23C  in  December,  1897,  and  20°  in  December,  1898. 

The  average  annual  precipitation,  from  1874  to  1900,  inclusive,  is  19.55  inches.  The  rainy 
season  extends  from  October  to  April,  the  greatest  precipitation  occurring  in  December  and 
January,  and  frequent  rains  occur  in  May  and  September.  The  greatest  monthly  precipitation 
recorded  is  12.33  inches,  in  December,  1880,  and  the  greatest  annual.  32.95  inches,  in  1884. 


134 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 

MONTHLY  AND  ANNUAL  MEAN  TEMPERATURE  (DEGREES  FAHRENHEIT). 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1874  

46.5 

46.5 

49.0 

57.3 

66.8 

72.4 

71.6 

68.5 

66  4 

67.7 

57  2 

39  9 

68  3 

1875 

43  3 

45  2 

48.4 

63.6 

75  5 

70  2 

77  3 

68  6 

63  8 

63  3 

52  3 

48  1 

60  0 

1876  

43.2 

46.0 

52.9 

60.8 

63.7 

68.9 

68.J, 

•  67.1 

65  8 

61.9 

54  7 

48  8 

58  5 

1877 

51.3 

54  8 

59.1 

59.0 

61  8 

69  4 

71  1 

67  7 

69  5 

58  0 

52  6 

47  9 

60  2 

1878  

49.3 

49.8 

54.4 

57.4 

63.0 

64.1 

66.3 

66.4 

65.6 

61.9 

63.9 

46.3 

58  1 

1879 

44.6 

53  2 

56.6 

58.5 

60  6 

66  4 

66  4 

68  1 

65  8 

60  9 

50  6 

45  0 

58  1 

1880  

43.7 

44.1 

46.8 

53.7 

60.2 

63.5 

64.  S 

64.8 

63.6 

59.4 

47.0 

50.7 

65  2 

1881... 

49.0 

53  3 

54.2 

59.8 

61  4 

65  1 

68  6 

65  6 

66  8 

58  6 

49  1 

48  1 

68  3 

1882  

43.7 

43.8 

55.3 

55.1 

61.7 

63.9 

66.5 

66.8 

64.5 

58.4 

52.1 

48  0 

66  6 

1883 

43  2 

45  6 

55.4 

55  1 

60  8 

68  9 

72  0 

68  5 

69  6 

60  2 

49  8 

47  2 

68  0 

1884  

46.5 

48.4 

54.1 

56.8 

63.0 

65.2 

71.1 

69.9 

65.6 

60.0 

53.8 

49  6 

58  7 

1885. 

50  0 

52  5 

58  6 

59  5 

65  1 

65  1 

69  0 

69  6 

68  4 

63  4 

55  0 

50  8 

60  6 

1886  

48.7 

55.5 

55.9 

58.6 

62.7 

69.3 

72.5 

71.5 

65.3 

57.9 

51.5 

53  2 

60  2 

1887 

47  7 

46  8 

56  5 

56  9 

62  4 

66  6 

65  0 

63  7 

67  9 

64  1 

52  7 

46  3 

58  0 

1888  

44.8 

51.1 

52.3 

62.0 

61.8 

71  9 

71.4 

74.1 

70.8 

61.7 

65.4 

51  4 

60  7 

1889 

46.0 

49  5 

56  7 

61  3 

63  7 

67  1 

68  6 

69  1 

67  8 

61  1 

54  8 

48  7 

58  5 

1890..     .   .      

43.8 

47.7 

54.1 

58.3 

63.7 

65  2 

68.7 

66.2 

65.8 

61.2 

54.1 

48  2 

58  1 

1891 

46  9 

49  3 

53  7 

58  0 

60  1 

68  1 

67  7 

71  6 

67  5 

60  6 

54  1 

47  6 

58  8 

1892. 

49.1 

51  4 

54.9 

53.1 

61.3 

66  4 

68.4 

69.1 

66.6 

61.1 

54  7 

48  9 

58  8 

1893 

47  8 

49  8 

55  1 

57  6 

62  3 

66  9 

69  1 

67  6 

63  1 

60  0 

53  9 

51  0 

58  7 

18v»4 

45.7 

48  2 

51.3 

61  0 

60  1 

63  2 

68.0 

67.6 

66.9 

61.2 

56.5 

49  4 

58  2 

1895  

47.6 

51.6 

52.6 

57.1 

61.8 

67.2 

67.3 

67.6 

63.9 

58.9 

48.8 

44.4 

57  4 

1896  
1897  

46.0 
42.1 

49.1 
48.1 

52.9 
49.4 

51.1 
57.3 

59.2 
63.2 

66.8 
67.2 

67.6 
68.3 

67.9 
67.3 

61.4 
64.7 

62.6 
53.6 

48.4 
50.0 

48.2 
43.5 

56.8 
56  2 

1898 

43  1 

48  9 

49  5 

59  0 

60  7 

67-4 

68.3 

70.6 

63  4 

60  8 

51  7 

47  0 

57  5 

1899  

51.0 

51.2 

53.5 

59.2 

58.0 

67.6 

67.1 

63.8 

68.0 

60.6 

55.2 

49.6 

68  7 

1900 

50  0 

50  3 

55  6 

53  8 

62  0 

65  4 

66  7 

65  6 

64  0 

'58  8 

65  8 

48  0 

58  0 

46  5 

49  3 

53  7 

57  8 

62  5 

67  0 

68  8 

67  9 

66  0 

60  3 

52  8 

48  0 

58  4 

MONTHLY  AND  ANNUAL  PRECIPITATION  (INCHES  AND  HUNDREDTHS). 

1874                      

5.22 
7.70 
6.75 
3.75 
8.98 
3.80 
2.36 
6.84 
1.28 
2.28 
2.94 
2.03 
6.09 
0.90 
5.35 

2.04 
0.75 
3.97 
0.00 
11.48 
4.02 
1.74 
1.95 
2.17 
1.02 
6.65 
0.09 
0.32 
5.14 
0.77 
1.00 
5.62 
6.76 
1.90 
4.34 
3.04 
.1.79 
0.00 
4.97 
2.27 
0.32 
0.34 

3.15 
0.69 
5.93 
0.82 
3.24 
3.98 
1.84 
1.14 
5.61 
2.77 
7.24 
0.28 
1.17 
0.82 
3.92 
4.22 
1.89 
0.97 
4.18 
4.80 
0.66 
2.54 
2.06 
5.53 
1.24 
9.80 
1.65 

0.95 
0.00 
0.76 
0.27 
1.62 
1.47 
9.48 
0.59 
0.72 
1.19 
3.80 
1.48 
4.32 
2.05 
0.40 
0.63 
0.64 
2.18 
0.90 
1.35 
0.  55 
1.90 
4.02 
0.45 
0.32 
0.51 
1.60 

0.16 
O.CO 
0.00 
0.44 
0.00 
1.34 
0.65 
0.00 
0.25 
2.23 
0.34 
O.CO 
0.22 
0.00 
0.44 
2.00 
0.55 
0.04 
1.21 
0.32 
1.28 
1.21 
4.34 
0.02 
1.28 
1.00 
0.45 

0.00 
0.30 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.15 
0.00 
0.11 
0.10 
0.00 
1.24 
0.12 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.09 
0.08 
0.00 
0.00 

0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.05 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
O.CO 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 

0.00 
0.00 
0,00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.11 
0.00 
0.00 
O.CO 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
O.CO 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
1.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 

0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.34 
1.46 
0.27 
0.12 
0.00 
0.00 
0.43 
0.32 
0.00 
0.20 
0.03 
0.00 
0.06 
1.04 
0.00 
0.09 
0.05 
0.15 

o.oo 

0.01 

3.55 
0.00 
1.25 
0.10 
0.88 
1.00 
0.00 
0.46 
2.22 
1.01 
1.73 
0.00 
0.78 
0.00 
0.00 
5.36 
0.00 
0.07 
1.19 
0.02 
1.26 
1.27 
1.88 
1.94 
0.40 
2.40 
1.59 

2.09 
11.  75 
0.00 
1.14 
0.70 
1.68 
0.46 
0.81 
1.64 
0.33 
0.06 
6.77 
0.33 
1.15 
3.71 
2.98 
0.10 
0.11 
5.40 
0.72 
0.24 
1.04 
3.75 
0.35 
0.33 
3.09 
9.29 

0.04 
1.88 
0.00 
1.56 
0.42 
3.63 
12.33 
2.35 
0.38 
0.78 

s.  as 

2.40 
1.09 
4.32 
2.10 
10.  21 
3.84 
5.80 
3.99 
1.87 
8.44 
1.91 
1.99 
1.93 
0.93 
2.79 
0.99 

17.20 
23.07 
18.66 
8.08 
27.32 
21.07 
28.86 
14.59 
15.83 
11.88 
32.95 
13.33 
14.32 
14.81 
17.01 
26.86 
23.34 
16.71 
23.48 
16.59 
21.22 
22.05 
29.19 
17.38 
7.98 
25.91 
18.14 

1875 

1876                         

1877 

1878                                          

1879 

1880 

1881                      

1882 

1883              '                 

1884             

1885                                          

1886                       —  ... 

1887 

1888 

1889 

0.46 
10.50 
0.75 
4.71 
3.11 
4.71 
10.39 
10.06 
2.05 
0.98 
6.00 
2.22 

1890                                   

1891 

1892- 

1893                      

1894 

1895                      

18% 

1897             .                        

1898 

1899 

1900 

4.53 

2.76 

3.04 

1.64 

0.73 

0.08 

T. 

0.04 

0.17 

1.12  j      2.22 

3.21 

19.55 

LOCAL    CLIMATOLOGY. 


135 


HOLLISTER. 
[Data  from  records  of  Mr.  J.  N.  Thompson  and  Southern  Pacific  Railway  Company.] 

Hollister  is  the  county  seat  of  San  Benito  County,  and  is  situated  near  the  terminus  of  the 
Tres  Pinos  line  of  the  Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  95  miles  southeast  of  San  Francisco,  about  20 
miles  east  of  Monterey  Bay,  in  latitude  36C  51'  north,  longitude  121C  25'  west;  elevation,  284  feet 
above  sea  level. 

The  mean  annual  temperature,  based  upon  records  covering  twenty -seven  years,  is  58.9°. 
The  warmest  month  is  July,  with  a  mean  temperature  of  67. 2=,  and  the  coldest  is  January,  48.8°. 
The  highest  monthly  mean  recorded  in  the  last  ten  years  is  76.7°,  in  July,  1S91,  and  the  lowest 
42.8C,  in  January,  1898.  The  highest  temperature  recorded  in  recent  years  is  105°,  in  August, 
1900,  and  the  lowest  is  19°,  January  1,  1901. 

The  average  annual  precipitation  during  the  past  twenty-seven  3*ears  is  12.31  inches,  which 
is  7.2-i  inches  less  than  the  average  for  the  same  period  at  Gilroy,  15  miles  to  the  northwest. 
The  heaviest  rains  occur  in  January  and  December,  and  the  greatest  monthly  precipitation  in 
recent  years  was  7.35  inches,  in  December,  1889.  Very  little  rain  falls  during  the  months  of 
June,  July,  and  August. 

MONTHLY  AXD  ANNUAL  MEAN  TEMPERATURE  (DEGREES  FAHRENHEIT). 


Year.                           Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1874  '     46.3 

48.5 

51.4 

57.0 

60.9 

66.6 

68.3 

68.7 

68.6 

60.5 

56.6 

50.4 

58.6 

1875                                46.9 

534 

52.3 

65.1 

77.0 

76.4 

72.7 

74.9 

75.0 

68.6 

57.0 

51.0 

64.2 

1876..            45.5 

48.1 

49.2 

61.9 

67.5 

74.4 

69.7 

70.7 

68.1 

62.3 

58.3 

47.7 

60.2 

1877                                                          54.0 

55.4 

59.9 

61.5 

65.2 

73.0 

69.0 

66.9 

69.4 

64.9 

56.9 

50.7 

62.2 

1878                      50.  3 

57.4 

54.3 

55.9 

63.6 

62.8 

64.3 

62.8 

64.4 

59.9 

54.3 

46.9 

58.1 

1879                                                          46.3 

54.2 

57.2 

57.4 

58.6 

63.4 

65.3 

-    - 

65.5 

61.3 

53.3 

48  4 

58.3 

1880                                       45.6 

46.5 

49.7 

55.1 

61.7 

6L6 

62.9 

63.5 

62.8 

59.2 

51.9 

52.8 

56.1 

1881  51.2 

55.3 

57.5 

60.4 

61.3 

64.2 

65.4 

64.9 

64.3 

57.0 

50.4 

49.3 

58.4 

1KB.                                                         50.0 

49.8 

55.3 

59.2 

61.0 

60.0 

66.0 

66.9 

64.9 

58.7 

51.4 

51.6 

57.9 

1883  ;      47.4 

49.8 

54.9 

55.5 

61.4 

67.1 

66.0 

67.3 

66.3 

57.6 

51.6 

50.8 

58.0 

1884                                                               49.  6 

53.5 

53.1 

56.0 

02.9 

67.4 

70.6 

69.5 

66.2 

61.6 

57.3 

52.4 

60  0 

1885  .                   '      62.4 

55.9 

59.3 

60.7 

66.2 

66.0 

68.8 

67.4 

68.2 

64.8 

58.0 

55.7 

62.0 

1886                                                          49.  7 

55.3 

53.1 

58.7 

64.7 

68.0 

71.3 

73.3 

68.3 

63.3 

53.8 

52.1 

61  0 

imp                                     51.9 

49.0 

59.8 

59.4 

65.5 

68.0 

64.9 

62.4 

65.0 

62.1 

56.1 

52.2 

59.5 

1888                                                                    47.fi 

54.3 

54.9 

60.9 

61.3 

67.9 

68.4 

68.4 

63  7 

59  0 

53  9 

53.5 

59  -• 

1889           .                                         :      47.6 

48.1 

58.7 

64.0 

65.1 

61.7 

6$.  8 

68.5 

69.6 

61.4 

57.0 

56.1 

60  *'. 

1890  49.9 

55.6 

57.9 

59.5 

66.1 

66.0 

70.4 

66.5 

62.5 

59.7 

54.3 

51.3 

60.0 

1891                                              ...  1      50.6 

52.3 

56.5 

60.7 

62.2 

70.9 

76.7 

69.9 

71.2 

61.9 

59.8 

47  6 

61  « 

1892  51.1 

54.0 

56.3 

55.4 

61.3 

63.3 

65.6 

65.8 

63.0 

58.5 

51.5 

47.9 

57.8 

1893                                                          47.4 

48.1 

51.6 

51.7 

58.7 

64.3 

64.5 

61.7 

58  5 

56  9 

54.2 

47  7 

55  4 

1894  47.0 

49.1 

53.1 

61.9 

61.8 

64.4 

67.3 

68.9 

63.S 

61.9 

58.4 

52.1 

59.1 

1895                                                          48.7 

52.0 

53.2 

55.8 

59.3 

63  5 

64  7 

64.1 

63.5 

61  8 

51  5 

46  0 

1896...                                                      51.0 

52.8 

53.8 

51.2 

56.7 

61.9 

64.3 

6L4 

59.1 

57.0 

51  4 

51.0 

56  0 

1897                                                          46  4 

48  2 

48  3 

57.4 

60  2 

64  2 

65  3 

65.5 

64  4 

57  2 

50  6 

46  0 

56  4 

1898  42.8 

52.7 

50.6 

59.9 

56.1 

65.0 

64.2 

65.8 

64.4 

61  7 

52.4 

45  6 

56.8 

1899                                                          50  5 

50  0 

51  8 

55  8 

54.5 

64.' 

64.2 

62.6 

66  6 

59  2 

54.6 

47  2 

56  8 

1900                                                          50  3 

51.1 

66.6 

53.0 

- 

64.1 

64.1 

64  1 

64  2 

59  5 

56  4 

48.0 

57  7 

Mean  (27  years)  .                        48.  8 

51.9 

54  5 

> 

62  3 

65  9 

67  2 

66  7 

65  6 

60  6 

54.5 

50  1 

58.9 

136 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 

MONTHLY  AND  ANNUAL  PRECIPITATION  (INCHES  AND  HUNDREDTHS). 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1874 

4  04 

0  96 

2  51 

0  36 

0  37 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

2  33 

1  15 

1875 

5.10 

0.16 

0.50 

-0.00 

0  00 

0  13 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

7  gg 

0  00 

1876  

2.13 

2.77 

2.63 

0.18 

0.18 

0.00 

0.00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  88 

0  00 

0  00 

8  77 

1877 

1.83 

0.25 

0.53 

0.78 

0  42 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1  03 

1  54 

1878  

5.98 

6.61 

1.56 

1.40 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  29 

0  20 

0  36 

16  40 

1879 

1.83 

1.99 

1.90 

1.53 

0  64 

0  07 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  95 

1  06 

o  51 

1880       

1.20 

0.86 

1.83 

3.47 

0.51 

0.00 

0.00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  80 

5  52 

14  18 

1881 

2.59 

1.81 

1.05 

0.61 

0  00 

0  10 

0  00 

0  00 

0  24 

0  20 

0  64 

1  08 

8  32 

1882.            

1.78 

1.50 

3.46 

1.20 

0.10 

0.24 

0.00 

0  00 

0  45 

1  32 

0  95 

0  22 

11  23 

1883 

1  44 

0.86 

1.84 

0.99 

1  54 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  25 

0  68 

0  35 

0  90 

8  85 

1884. 

1.05 

3.80 

4.38 

2.66 

0.62 

1.85 

0.00 

0  05 

0  00 

1  30 

0  00 

3  62 

19  33 

1885  

0.58 

0.17 

0.35 

0.45 

0.00 

0.23 

0.27 

0.00 

0  00 

0  00 

4  91 

1  12 

8  08 

1886. 

3.93 

0.22 

It  29 

2.55 

0.15 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  38 

0  42 

0  54 

9  48 

1887  

0.57 

3.63 

0.65 

1.32 

0.04 

0.02 

0.00 

0.00 

0  43 

0  00 

0  60 

1  54 

8  70 

1888 

2.61 

0.97 

2.75 

0.40 

0.80 

0  02 

0  00 

0  00 

0  20 

0  00 

2  20 

2  00 

11  95 

1889  

0.88 

0.87 

3.06 

0.81 

1.26 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0  00 

2  91 

2  09 

7  35 

19  23 

1890 

5.70 

2.15 

1.45 

0  62 

0  31 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  45 

0  00 

0  05 

2  51 

13  14 

1891  

0.46 

3.22 

1.35 

2.01 

0  05 

0.00 

0.00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  37 

4  09 

11  55 

1892 

0.13 

1.53 

3  49 

0  64 

1  33 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  02 

0  87 

2  82 

3  79 

14  62 

1893  

1.50 

2.87 

4.25 

0.98 

0  32 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  11 

0  04 

0  77 

1  98 

12  82 

1894 

3.99 

2  77 

0  79 

0  40 

1  07 

0  09 

0  00 

0  00 

0  55 

1  11 

0  29 

5  06 

16  12 

1895  

5.74 

1.49 

1  95 

1  34 

1  00 

0  00 

0  02 

0  00 

0  06 

0  82 

0  88 

1  07 

14  37 

1896 

6  76 

0  07 

1  42 

2  49 

0  47 

0  00 

0  00 

1  10 

0  03 

1  55 

1  91 

1  31 

17  11 

1897  

1.06 

2  99 

3  38 

0  51 

0  06 

0  14 

0  00 

0  03 

0  06 

1  08 

0  46 

1  47 

11  24 

1898 

0  82 

1  04 

0  61 

0  78 

0  80 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  26 

0  11 

0  36 

1  32 

6  10 

1899  

2.35 

0  25 

4  01 

0  55 

0  00 

0  67 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

2  19 

2  32 

1  70 

14  04 

1900 

0  90 

0  26 

0  75 

1  67 

1  10 

0  03 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1  13 

5  69 

0  97 

12  50 

Average  (27  years)  

2.48 

1.71 

1.99 

1  13 

0  49 

0  13 

0  01 

0  04 

0  12 

0  75 

1  48 

1  98 

12  31 

INDEPENDENCE. 

MONTHLY  MEAN  TEMPERATURE  (DEGREES  FAHRENHEIT). 
[Data  by  Mr.  J.  J.  McLean,  Observer,  U.  S.  Weather  Bureau.] 


Years. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1894a  

38  4 

1895  a 

37  8 

45  5 

49  2 

57  3 

66  6 

71  6 

78  0 

76  0 

68  3 

60  0 

48  3 

37  8 

58  0 

1896a  .         .     . 

43.2 

47.2 

44  0 

1897o  

1898a 

62  0 

62  1 

74.2 

80  4 

80  1 

72  0 

60  0 

48  2 

39  7 

1899  

40.2 

46.5 

50.5 

59.4 

60.0 

74.2 

80.4 

72.6 

74.6 

55.4 

49.4 

43  1 

58  8 

1900 

46  6 

48  1 

54  9 

52  0 

65  8 

75  4 

79  4 

72  4 

63  5 

58  8 

50  4 

43  4 

59  2 

167  8 

187  3 

198  6 

230  7 

253  5 

295  4 

318  2 

301  1 

278  4 

234  2 

196  3 

209  4 

176  0 

Mean  

42.0 

46.8 

49.6 

57.7 

63.4 

73  8 

79.6 

75  3 

69.6 

58.6 

49.1 

40  5 

58  7 

a  Station  closed. 


LOCAL    CLIMATOLOGY. 


137 


SUMMARY   OF   MONTHLY    MEANS   AND    EXTREMES   OP   TEMPERATURE    (DEGREE   FAHRENHEIT). 


Month. 

Highest 
monthly  mean. 

Lowest 
monthly  mean. 

Absolute  maxi- 
mum. 

Absolute  mini- 
mum. 

Greatest 
daily 
range. 

Mean 
dailv 
range. 

Mean 
varia- 
bility. 

Mean  of 
3  con- 
secutive 
warmest 
days. 

Mean  of 
3  con- 
secutive 
coldest 
days. 

Date. 

Tem- 
pera- 
ture. 

Tern- 
Date,      pera- 
ture. 

Date. 

Tem- 
pera- 
ture. 

Date. 

Tem- 
pera- 
ture. 

January 

1900 
1900 
1900 
1898 
1900 

1900 

1898-9 
1896 

1899 

|  1895, 
I  1898 

1900 

1900 
1900 

46.6 
48.1 
54.9 
62.0 
65.8 

75.4 

80.4 
80.1 

74.6 
1    60.0 

50.4 

43.4 
59.2 

1895 
1895 
1896 
1900 
1899 

1896 

1896 
1900 

1900 
1899 

1898 

1895 
1896 

37.8 
45.5 
44.0 
52.0 
60.0 

71.6 

78.0 
72.4 

63.5 
55.4 

48.2 

37.8 
59.0 

13,1895 
19,1899 
11,1900 
26,1898 
7,1895 
122,28,29, 
1     1898 
29,1898 
1,1898 
f  17,  1898 
1    2,1899 

12,1895 

4,1898 

28,1898 
1896 

69.0 
75.0 
78.0 
87.0 
89.0 

|    99.0 

105.0 
104.0 

|    94.0 
88.0 

81.0 

68.0 
105.0 

4,1898 
6,1899 
14,1898 
5,1895 
2,1899 

3,1898 

1,1898 
30,1895 

22,1895 

f  12,1899 
1  20,1900 
(24,1896 
|  23,  1895 
21,1895 
1899 

12.0 
11.0 
19.0 
28.0 
34.0 

38.0 

49.0 
46.0 

34.0 
1    29.0 

1    24.0 

16.0 

11.0 

37.0 
37.0 
35.0 
36.0 
37.0 

35.0 

34.0 
37.0 

42.0 
39.0 

37.0 

39.0 
42.0 

21.4 
25.0 

24.3 
25.3 
25.5 

27.0 

26.8 
27.8 

28.6 
26.3 

24.6 

21.9 
25.4 

3.4 
3.2 
4.5 
3.9 
3.6 

2.8 

2.2 
2.2 

2.7 
2.8 

3.4 

3.4 
3.2 

49.8 
55.4 
58.7 
67.2 
72.4 

82.8 

86.3 
82.1 

75.7 
67.6 

59.2 

48.5 
67.1 

34.1 
34.7 
38.3 
47.3 
51.8 

61.5 

72.8 
66.8 

59.2 
47.4 

39.4 

31.7 
48.8 

March  

April 

May 

July 

August  

September           

October. 

December  

WEATHER. 


Month. 

Average  number  — 

Month. 

Average  number  — 

Clear 
days. 

Partly 
cloudy 
days. 

Cloudy 
days. 

Rainy 
days. 

Clear 
days. 

doSdy  c'oudr  K^y 

days.      *»*•      *•*"- 

Jannarv 

15 
23 
18 
19 
20 
24 
24 

8 
4 
10 
8 
8 
5 
5 

8 

2 

2 
3 
1 
2 

6 

.       2 

-: 
- 
:: 
! 
j 

25 
24 
24 
18 
17 

4  1  j  1 
4  _•  2 

6  1  :  2 

8  |  3  4 
10  4  j  4 

March  

October 

April 

May                                 

Julv 

Annual  

251 

80  30  31 

MONTHLY  AND  ANNUAL  PRECIPITATION  (INCHES  AND  HCXDREDTHS). 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

S^n     Seasonal. 

1894 

1  89 

I 

1895... 

1.24 

1.18 

0.12 

T. 

0.01 

T. 

T. 

0.04 

T. 

0.83 

0.67 

0.08 

4  17 

1896  

1.67 

0.00 

1897  

1898  

0.00 

0.16 

0.23 

T. 

T. 

0.11 

0.20 

0.00 

0.10 

0.20 

1899 

0  54 

T. 

0.01 

0  02 

0  03 

0.37 

0.01 

0  06 

T 

0.30 

0  85 

0  56 

2.75 

1898-9              1  58 

1900 

0.31 

0.05 

0.67 

0.62 

0.22 

0.04 

0.08 

T. 

0.75 

0.01 

1.34 

0.13 

4  22 

1899-1900              3  69 

3  76 

1  23 

0  80 

0  80 

0.49 

0.41 

0.09 

0.21 

•.-. 

1  14 

2  96 

2  86 

11  14 

Mean. 

0.94 

0.31 

0.20 

0.20 

0.12 

0.10 

0.02 

0.05 

0.24 

0.28 

0.74 

0.57 

2.78 

138 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF   CALIFORNIA. 

GREATEST  MONTHLY  PRECIPITATION  (INCHES  AND  HUNDREDTHS)  AND  DATE. 


Month. 

Year. 

Amount. 

Month. 

Year. 

Amount. 

Month. 

Year. 

Amount. 

1896 

1.67 

May    '.  

1898 

0.23 

September  

1900 

0.75 

1895 

1  18 

1899 

0.37 

October  

1895 

0.83 

1900 

0.67 

July  

1900 

0.08 

November  

1900 

1.34 

April 

1900 

0  62 

1898 

0.11 

December  

1894 

1.89 

LEAST  MONTHLY  PRECIPITATION  (INCHES  AND  HUNDREDTHS)  AND  DATE. 


Month. 

Year. 

Amount. 

Month. 

Year. 

Amount. 

Month. 

Year. 

Amount. 

1900 

0  31 

May                      

1900 

0.01 

September  

r  1895 

}             T- 

1900 

0  05 

1  1895 

1            T. 

October  

I  1899 
1898 

1 

0.00 

1898 

0  00 

July 

I  1898 
f  1895 

1 

T. 

November  

1898 

0.10 

April 

1895 

T 

1  1898 
1900 

I 

T. 

December  

1895 

0.08 

NUMBER  OF  TIMES  MONTHLY  PRECIPITATION  HAS  EXCEEDED  THE  NORMAL  FOR  FOUR  YEARS. 


Month. 

Total. 

First 
two 
years. 

Second 
two 
years. 

Month. 

Total. 

First 
two 
years. 

Second 
two 
years. 

Month. 

Total. 

First 
two 

years. 

Second 
two 
years. 

2 

2 

0 

May 

0 

0 

0 

September  

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

0 

1 

0 

1 

October  

1 

1 

0 

1 

0 

1 

July  

0 

0 

0 

November  

3 

1 

2 

April 

1 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

December  

0 

0 

0 

L  

TOTAL  NUMBER  OF  DAYS  WITH  PRECIPITATION  SINCE  DECEMBER  1,  1894. 


Month. 

Less 
than 
0.01. 

0.01 
to 
0.10. 

0.11 
to 
0.25. 

0.26 
to 
0.50. 

0.51 
to 
1.00. 

Month. 

Less 
than 
0.01. 

0.01 
to 
0:10. 

0.11 
to 
0.25. 

0.26 
to 
0.50. 

0.51 
to 
1.00. 

Month. 

Less 
than 
0.01. 

0.01 
to 
0.10. 

0.11 
to 
0.25. 

0.26 
to 
0.50. 

0.51 
to 
1.00. 

3 

14 

5 

0 

3 

May  

5 

10 

1 

0 

0 

September  

5 

3 

2 

0 

1 

5 

3 

1 

0 

1 

4 

4 

1 

0 

0 

October  

1 

7 

1 

0 

1 

1 

6 

1 

1 

0 

July  

5 

3 

0 

0 

0 

November  

2 

9 

1 

2 

2 

April 

9 

4 

2 

1 

0 

August  

2 

5 

0 

0 

0 

December  

9 

12 

3 

3 

1 

Station  closed  January  1  to  November  30, 1894;  March  1,  18%,  to  February  28, 1898. 

FOGGY  DAYS  AND  THUNDERSTORMS. 


Month. 

Total 
number 
of  foggy 
days. 

Number 
of  thun- 
der- 
storms. 

Month. 

Total 
number 
of  foggy 
days. 

Number 
of  thun- 
der- 
storms. 

Month. 

Total 
number 
of  foggy 
days. 

Number 
of  thun- 
der- 
storms. 

0 

0 

May               

0 

0 

September  

0 

3 

0 

0 

0 

3 

October  

0 

0 

0 

0 

July  

0 

7 

November  

0 

0 

April 

0 

0 

0 

7 

December  

0 

0 

• 

Record  began  December  1,  1894— closed  January  1  to  November  30,  1894 — March  1,  1896, 
to  February  28,  1898. 


NUMBER  OF  HIGH  WINDS. 


Month. 

Velocity  (miles)  . 

Month. 

Velocity  (miles). 

Month. 

Velocity  (miles). 

30-35. 

36-40. 

Over  40. 

30-35. 

36-40. 

Over  40. 

30-35. 

36-40. 

Over  40 

12 
13 

18 
18 

5 
5 

8 
7 

9 

7 
14 
8 

May                 

20 
14 

4 
6 

10 
0 
0 
0 

6 
0 
1 
0 

September  

4 

10 
13 

8 

4 
3 

7 
2 

2 
3 
1 
5 

October  

July                 

November  

April 

December  

Record  began  December  1,  1894 — closed  January  1  to  November  30,  1894— March  1,  1896, 
to  February  8,  1898. 


LOCAL    CLIMATOLOGY. 
HIGHEST  WIND  VELOCITY,  DIRECTION,  AND  DATE  FOR  EACH  MONTH. 


139 


Month. 

Veloc- 
ity 
(miles). 

2ST  D*«- 

a  i 

Month. 

Veloc- 
ity 
(miles). 

Direc- 
tion. 

Date. 

Month. 

Veloc- 
ity 

(miles). 

Direc- 
tion. 

Date. 

(48 
» 

SE       17  1895 

148 

NW 

27  1895 

September   

52 

NW. 

30,1898 

May  

48 

8E.     1  2,1899 

48 

SE. 

10,1900 

October 

1        ** 

NW. 

1.1898 

66 

S        26  1900 

June     

50 

W. 

1,1898 

\        48 

W. 

28,1900 

March 

54 

NW     1  9  1899 

July 

44 

SW 

19  1899 

November  

50 

K. 

21,1895 

159 
at 

SE      !23  1899 

39 

W 

2  1900 

66 

NW. 

29,1898 

April                 

52 

W.        2,1900 

Record  began  December  1,  1894 — closed  January  1  to  November  30,  1894 — March  1,  1896, 
to  February  8,  1898. 

AVERAGE  VELOCITY  (MILES  PER  Horn)  OF  AFTERNOON  WINDS. 


Month. 

2  to  3. 

3  to  4. 

4  to  5. 

Month. 

2  to  3. 

3  to  4. 

4  to  5. 

Month. 

2  to  3. 

3  to  4. 

4  to  5. 

9  1 

8  9 

8.4 

May                    .    .  . 

10.4 

12.2 

13.4 

September  

7.6 

8.7 

10.2 

11  0 

11  3 

11  4 

9  4 

10  8 

11.4 

October  . 

7  8 

8.4 

8  6 

March 

11  4 

12.2 

12  4 

July               

8.8 

10.5 

11.7 

November  

8.2 

8.0 

8  6 

April 

12  0 

12.6 

13  2 

8  1 

10  2 

11.5 

December 

8  4 

8  3 

8  7 

AVERAGE  HOURLY  VELOCITY   (MILES  PER  HOUR). 


Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

6.9 

8.8 

9.3 

9.8 

10.4 

8.7 

8.0 

7.9 

7.1 

7.1 

7  0 

7  1 

7  1 

9  2 

8  7 

9  8 

10  0 

8  4 

7.4 

7.2 

7  0 

6  8 

7  ° 

7  3 

3am 

7  2 

9.0 

9.2 

9.8 

9.2 

7.7 

6.6 

6.3 

7.1 

7  1 

7  5 

7  i 

7.1 

9.2 

9.3 

9.2 

10.0 

7.2 

6.4 

5.6 

7.6 

7  0 

7  6 

7  4 

7  1 

9  0 

9  2 

9.0 

9.2 

7.4 

6.2 

5  4 

7  2 

7  2 

7  c 

7  3 

6am                                .                

7  2 

9.4 

9.0 

8.6 

8.9 

7.6 

5.8 

5.3 

6.6 

7  1 

7  2 

7  5 

6  8 

9  1 

8  9 

8  3 

8  8 

7  3 

5  8 

5  3 

6  3 

7  1 

6  8 

7  6 

Sam 

6.8 

8.8 

8  7 

8.3 

8.4 

7.1 

5.8 

5  2 

6  5 

6  7 

6  9 

7  g 

9a  m          

7.3 

8.8 

8.4 

8.4 

7.8 

7.3 

5.9 

5.0 

6.7 

6  9 

7  0 

7  8 

7  3 

8  4 

8  2 

8  9 

8.3 

7.4 

5  9 

4  9 

6  6 

6  7 

7  0 

7  8 

7.5 

8.0 

-  - 

10.3 

9.5 

8.3 

6.5 

5.8 

7  1 

6  8 

6  8 

7  5 

7  2 

8  7 

10  2 

11  8 

9  7 

8  4 

6.8 

6  6 

7  6 

7  5 

7  i 

7  2 

7  8 

10.1 

11  3 

11.8 

9.6 

8.3 

6  8 

6  2 

8  1 

8  6 

8  1 

7  7 

2  p.  m  

8.8 

10.7 

11.2 

11.3 

9.6 

8.1 

7.1 

6.5 

7  7 

8  6 

8  5 

8  1 

9  1 

11  0 

11  4 

12  0 

10  4 

9  2 

8  8 

8  1 

7  6 

7  8 

8  2 

8  4 

4  p.  m  

8.9 

11.3 

12.2 

12.5 

12.2 

11.2 

10.5 

10  2 

8  7 

8  4 

8  0 

8  3 

8  4 

11  4 

12.2 

13  2 

13  4 

11  6 

1L7 

11  5 

10  2 

8  6 

8  7 

8  3 

6p.m.        

8.1 

11.5 

13.1 

13.7 

14.0 

11.9 

12.2 

12.3 

10  8 

8.9 

8  7 

8  1 

8  0 

11  4 

13  8 

14  0 

14.3 

12  2 

12  0 

12.4 

10  6 

9  3 

8  0 

7  4 

8  p.  m            .          

7  7 

11.0 

14  0 

14.0 

14  0 

12.7 

12.0 

11  5 

10  7 

8  3 

7  6 

7  5 

9pm 

8  1 

9  7 

12  6 

13  3 

13  6 

12  1 

12.4 

11  0 

9  6 

7  8 

7  3 

7  4 

10  p.  m  . 

7  6 

9  1 

10  9 

11  8 

12  0 

10  8 

10  8 

9  6 

9  3 

7  7 

6  8 

6  3 

7  1 

8  4 

10  6 

11  2 

10  7 

9  2 

9  4 

9  3 

8.7 

7  4 

6  5 

12  midnight    .  . 

6  9 

8  9 

9  6 

10  2 

10  6 

9  1 

8  7 

8  5 

8  1 

7  1 

6  6 

6  8 

Average  . 

7  6 

9  6 

10  4 

10  9 

10  6 

9  1 

8  3 

7  8 

8.1 

"  4 

7  5 

MEAN  MONTHLY  RELATIVE  HUMIDITY  (PER  CENT). 


Month.              |  A.M. 

P.M. 

Aver- 
age. 

Month. 

A.M. 

P.M. 

Aver- 
age. 

Month. 

A.M. 

P.M. 

Aver- 
age. 

January  58 

41 

49 

May.. 

34 

14 

24 

27 

12 

February  44 

26 

35 

June  

27 

12 

20 

38 

20 

29 

March  41 

17 

29 

July  

23 

10 

14 

45 

28 

36 

April  35 

13 

25 

August 

30 

12 

21 

54 

140 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 

ANNUAL  METEOROLOGICAL  SUMMARY  FOR  THE  YEARS  1899  AND  1900. 
[A=36°  48'  N.;  ^=118°  12'  W.;  gravity  corr.,  -0.02.    H=3,910  ft.;  h,=51  ft.;  hr=43  ft.;  h,=58  ft.] 


Month. 

Pressure. 

Temperature. 

Moisture. 

Monthly  mean. 

Extremes. 

Mean. 

Extremes. 

Dew- 
point. 

Rela- 
tive hu- 
midity. 

Vapor 
pressure. 

Precipita- 
tion. 

Cloudiness 
0-10. 

Maximum. 

Minimum. 

8 
a 

00 

a 

o. 

CO 

Maximum. 

Minimum. 

Monthly. 

Maximum. 

Minimum. 

6 

a 

00 
0 

21 
14 
17 
19 
19 
33 
25 
28 
21 
21 
26 
19 

8 
d 

CO 
0 

18 
8 
3 
9 
11 
32 
18 
22 
17 
19 
26 
17 

B 
a 

00 

+ 
60 
33 
34 
30 
30 
34 
18 
28 
19 
87 
50 
48 

a 
p. 

00 
* 

38 
15 
11 
12 

12 
19 
7 
11 
7 
21 
35 
30 

8  a.  m. 

a 

A 

00 

3 
I 

Maximum  in 
24  hours. 

a 
<& 

00 

a 

A 

00  ' 

.a 
.SP 

s 

2.3 
1.2 
2.6 
2.3 
2.1 
1.1 
0.7 
1.3 
0.7 
2.0 
3.3 
2.5 

1899. 
January  

In. 
26.06 
26.98 
25.88 
25.90 
25.86 
25.90 
25.92 
25.88 
26.01 
25.95 
26.00 
26.07 

In. 
26.38 
26.27 
26.32 
26.14 
26.08 
26.15 
26.08 
26.07 
26.24 
26.26 
26.20 
26.39 

In. 
25.54 
25.  45 
25.56 
25.54 
26.66 
25.62 
25.79 
25.66 
25.74 
25.43 
25.62 
25.68 

0 

34.4 
40.0 
43.2 
50.1 
50.4 
63.3 
69.7 
62.6 
64.4 
47.8 
43.0 
37.2 

0 

46.6 
56.0 
58.5 
69.2 
69.0 
85.6 
92.6 
84.6 
87.0 
62.6 
55.2 
48.1 

0 

61.2 
58.8 
62.4 
71.5 
72.0 
87.8 
94.0 
86.9 
88.8 
67.5 
61.0 
54.1 

0 

29.2 
34.2 
38.6 
47.2 
48.1 
60.7 
66.8 
59.4 
60.3 
43.3 
37.8 
32.1 

0 

40.2 
46.5 

50.5 
59.4 
60.0 
74.2 
80.4 
72.6 
74.6 
55.4 
49.4 
43.1 

0 

68 
75 
75 
83 
88 
96 
100 
91 
94 
84 
70 
67 

o 
12 
11 
26 
33 
34 
46 
62 
52 
51 
29 
30 
21 

In. 
0.113 
0.082 
0.095 
0.105 
0.107 
0.192 
0.135 
0.157 
0.114 
0.119 
0.140 
0.103 

In. 
0.107 
0.063 
0.053 
0.070 
0.082 
0.194 
0.106 
0.123 
0.095 
0.111 
0.144 
0.098 

In. 
0.64 
T. 
0.01 
0.02 
0.03 
0.37 
0.01 
0.06 
T. 
0.30 
0.85 
0.56 

In. 
0.44 
T. 
0.01 
0.02 
0.02 
0.26 
0.01 
0.06 
T. 
0.18 
0.77 
0.45 

2.6 
0.9 

2.2 
1.8 
3.0 
1.3 
0.2 
0.8 
1.0 
1.5 
2.8 
1.6 

3.3 
1.8 

4.2 
3.1 
2.5 
1.7 
1.2 
1.9 
0.7 
2.8 
4.1 
3.2 

February  
March  

April 

May  

July    

September  
October 

December  

Year  
1900. 

25.95 

26.39 

25.43 

50.5 

67.9 

71.2 

46.5 

58.9 

100 

11 

22 

17 

35 

18 

0.122 

0.104 

2.75 

0.77 

1.6 

2.5 

1.8 

26.07 
25.99 
25.93 
25.84 
25.89 
25.89 
25.88 
25.89 
26.92 
25.96 
26.04 
26.12 

26.26 
26.28 
26.22 
26.12 
26.08 
26.05 
26.11 
26.14 
26.25 
26.21 
26.30 
26.30 

25.82 
25.60 
25.68 
25.46 
25.59 
25.64 
25.58 
25.73 
25.43 
25.66 
25.52 
25.70 

40.4 
40.9 
46.7 
44.1 
56.9 
65.0 
70.1 
63.3 
54.6 
50.7 
43.8 
37.2 

53.2 
67.4 
65.0 
69.6 

76.6 
86.2 
91.0 
84.3 
73.4 
67.7 
57.2 
49.1 

58.2 
60.8 
67.6 
63.7 
78.5 
88.8 
92.7 
85.9 
76.4 
71.5 
62.9 
55.3 

35.1 
35.4 
42.2 
40.3 
53.1 
61.9 
66.0 
58.8 
60.6 
46.2 
38.0 
31.5 

46.6 
48.1 
54.9 
52.0 
65.8 
75.4 
79.4 
72.4 
63.5 
58.8 
50.4 
43.4 

67 
69 
78 
81 
88 
98 
100 
96 
83 
80 
74 
66 

29 
25 
28 
33 
40 
53 
55 
52 
38 
29 
30 
15 

25 
17 
19 
20 
26 
28 
29 
28 
27 
24 
23 
20 

24 
8 
12 
14 
18 
19 
24 
19 
20 
20 
21 
19 

56 
36 
36 
41 
35 
26 
24 
27 
36 
36 
46 
49 

37 

34 
14 
15 
22 
14 
10 
10 
9 
16 
18 
30 
30 

0.141 
0.091 
0.110 
0.114 
0.149 
0.154 
0.166 
0.155 
0.151 
0.137 
0.126 
0.110 

0.133 
0.066 
0.081 
0.091 
0.107 
0.110 
0.132 
0.106 
0.117 
0.084 
0.123 
0.106 

0.31 
0.05 
0.67 
0.62 
0.22 
0.04 
0.08 
T. 
0.75 
0.01 
1.34 
0.13 

0.22 
0.05 
0.38 
0.54 
0.11 
0.04 
0.07 
T. 
0.68 
0.01 
0.95 
0.08 

3.0 
1.5 
2.3 
2.7 
2.6 
1.4 
1.0 
0.6 
1.1 
2.0 
2.6 
1.0 

3.3 
3.1 
3.9 
4.7 
1.9 
3.3 
1.2 
1.5 
1.7 
2.4 
3.2 
3.2 

3.0 
2.2 
3.2 
3.9 
2.4 
2.2 
1.2 
1.0 
1.6 
2.4 
2.8 
2.5 

2.4 

February  

April 

May  

July  

September  

November  
December  

Year  

25.95 

26.  30 

25.46 

51.1 

68.4 

71.9 

48.6 

59.2 

100 

15 

24 

18 

18 

0.134 

0.105 

4.22 

0.95 

1.8 

2.8 

LOCAL   CLIMATOLOGY. 


141 


ANNUAL  METEOROLOGICAL  SUMMARY  FOR  THE  YEARS  1899  AND  1900. 

[H=3,910ft.;  h,=51ft.;  h,=43ft.;  h»=58  ft.] 


Month. 

Wind. 

Number  of  days. 

By  self-registers. 

Number  of  winds,  8  a.  m.  and  8  p.  m. 

1 

t 

I'artly  cloudy. 

f 

o 

5 

Precipi- 
tation. 

1 

CO 

» 

i 

Maxi- 
mum 
temp. 

i 

11 

3 
S 

5 

Elec- 
tricity. 

* 

K 

"S 
§  -j 

Prevailing  direc- 
tion. 

Maximum  velocity. 

Direction  at  time  of 
maximum  velocity. 

Number  of  days 
with  gales. 

jd 

o 

Northeast. 

I 

Southeast. 

1 

Southwest. 

1 

Northwest. 

a 

"3 

0.01  inch  and  over. 

0.04  inch  and  over. 

Below  32°. 
Above  90°. 

Thunderstorms. 

Auroras. 

1899. 

Miles. 
8.8 
10.8 
11.8 
10.9 
11.4 
9.3 
7.9 
7.8 
7.5 
8.8 
5.8 
8.3 

NW. 
NW. 
NW. 
NW. 
NW. 
NW. 
NW. 
NW. 
NW. 
NW. 
NW. 
NW. 

M. 

48 
64 
54 
52 
42 
39 
44 
32 
36 
36 
34 
33 

SE. 
NW. 
NW. 
SE. 
W. 
SE. 
SW. 
W. 
W. 
NW. 
S. 
N. 

2 
2 
6 
3 
3 

0 
1 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

6 
16 
4 
3 
2 
3 
1 
1 
4 
7 
2 
3 

0 
2 
0 
1 
0 
0 
2 
0 
1 
0 
0 

1 

2 
0 
0 

1 
0 
2 
0 
0 
1 
2 
1 

4 
8 
8 
14 
10 
15 
18 
18 
14 
8 
16 
6 

3 
4 

9 
2 
3 
4 
8 
11 
6 
9 
10 
7 

0 
0 
3 

4 
2 
0 
2 
0 

5 
3 

10 
5 
9 

12 
11 
11 
9 
12 
9 

2 
9 

36 
20 
28 
23 
31 
24 
21 
18 
26 
23 
23 
32 

1 
1 
1 
0 
0 
1 
1 
0 
0 

1 

0 
0 

24 

26 
18 
24 
26 
26 
28 
27 
27 
22 
16 
21 

4 

2 
13 
6 
5 
3 
3 
4 
3 
8 
12 
9 

3 
1 
0 
0 
0 
1 
0 
0 
0 

1 

2 

1 

5 
0 
1 
1 
2 
3 
1 
1 
0 
4 
4 
4 

0 
0 
0 
0 
3 
0 
1 
0 
2 
3 
3 

6 
0 
1 
1 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
1 

0 

0 

0 

0 
0 
0 
0 

0 

0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 
15 
28 

14 
0 

0 
0 

0 

18 
7 
4 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
3 
4 
14 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

1 

2 
2 
0 
0 
0 
0 

0 

p 

u 
0 
ii 
0 
0 
0 
0 
u 
0 
0 

April 

May 

June  

July 

AugTist  

November  

Year  

9.1 

NW. 

54 

NW. 

17 

52       7     10 

139     76 

27 

108  305       6 

284 

72       9 

26 

15 

8 

0 

0 

1     60 

50 

5 

II 

1900. 

5.9 
9.5 
8.3 
12.1 
10.1 
8.7 
8.4 
7.9 
8.6 
8.0 
6.5 
7.3 

NW. 
NW. 
NW. 
NW. 
NW. 
NW. 
NW. 
SE. 
NW. 
NW. 
NW. 
NW. 

40 
66 
44 
62 
48 
41 
28 
39 
48 
48 
36 
48 

N. 

S. 
W. 
W. 
SE. 
W. 
W. 
W. 
W. 
W. 
SW. 
SW. 

1 
3 
1 
3 
2 
1 
0 
0 
1 
2 
0 
1 

6 
9 
6 
4 
5 
3 
0 
0 
5 
3 
3 
9 

1 

0 
2 
3 
1 

0 

1 
1 
0 
0 

1 

0 

1 

0 
0 
0 
0 
2 
1 
0 

1 

3 
0 
1 

10 
11 
12 
12 
17 
17 
15 
26 
16 
18 
10 
4 

14 
3 
3 
5 

7 
8 
7 
5 

7 

7 

2 

2 
2 
4 
2 
0 
t 
0 
5 
6 
3 
10 
6 

6 
4 
10 
4 
8 
12 
13 
U 
9 
10 
8 
6 

23 
27 
25 
30 
22 
17 
26 
14 
16 
18 
21 
32 

0 
0 
0 
0 
2 
0 

0 
0 

1 

2 

16 
23 
17 
15 
22 
22 
26 
26 
22 
22 
19 
18 

13 
6 
10 
12 
7 
7 
4 
5 
7 
9 
8 
13 

100 

2 
0 
4 
3 
2 
1 
1 
0 
1 
0 
3 
0 

4 
1 
5 
4 

4 
2 
2 
0 
4 
1 
6 
3 

3 
1 
2 
3 
2 
0 
1 
0 
3 
0 
5 
2 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

o 

0 

o 

0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

1 

0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
15 
23 
8 
0 
0 

0 
0 

5 
6 
3 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
1 
5 
16 

0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
2 
1 
2 
2 
0 
0 
0 

g 

0 

0 

g 
g 
g 

0 
0 
0 

g 
g 

0 

February  

April  

May 

June        

July 

September   

November  
December  

Year  

8.4 

NW. 

66  :     S. 

15 

53     10       9    168     74 

41 

100 

270 

5 

248 

36 

22 

0       1 

0       0     46     36 

1        1 

7 

a 

AVERAGE  SNOWFALL  SINCE  DECEMBER  1,  1894. 


Month. 

Amount. 

Month.                 Amount. 

Month. 

Amount. 

Month.                 Amount. 

1  82 

April                                              T. 

July  

0.00 

October  0.  00 

T 

Mav                                             T 

0.00 

November  0.  00 

0  02 

June                       i         0.  00 

September  

0.00 

i  December  0.68 

; 

1      . 

142  CLIMATOLOGY  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

LIVERMORE. 
[Data  from  rwords  of  Southern  Pacific  Railway  Company.] 

Livermore  is  located  in  the  foothills  of  Alameda  County,  about  40  miles  southeast  of  Oakland, 
in  latitude  37=  40'  north,  longitude  121-  45'  west;  elevation,  485  feet 

The  mean  annual  temperature,  based  upon  records  covering  thirty  years,  is  59.7C.  July  and 
August  are  the  wannest  months,  with  mean  temperatures  of  70.1C  and  69.6°,  respectively,  and 
January  is  the  coolest,  with  a  mean  of  49.3°.  Maximum  temperatures  of  103C  have  been  recorded 
in  August,  1898,  July,  1899,  and  June,  1901.  .  The  lowest  temperature  recorded  in  recent  years 
is  23°.  December  31,  1900.  Minimum  temperatures  below  32-  occur  frequently  in  the  months 
of  January,  February,  and  December,  and  occasionally  in  March. 

The  average  annual  precipitation  from  1871  to  1900.  inclusive,  is  15.30  inches — about  the 
same  as  that  of  Stockton.  The  greatest  annual  rainfall,  27.65  inches,  occurred  in  1884.  and  the 
least,  7.94  inches,  in  1877.  Rain  seldom  falls  in  July  and  August. 

MONTHLY  AND  AXNCAL  MEAN  TEMPERATCRE  (DEGREES  FAHRENHEIT). 


Year.                             Jan. 

Feb.       Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

An*. 

Sepc 

Oct. 

SOT.       Dec. 

Annual. 

1871                                                          50.0 

52.9        52.5 

59.8 

63.2 

75.9 

79.0 

77.9 

80.2 

-   . 

52.7        49.6 

63.5 

1872.                                              .    1      48.7 

54.5        52.3 

54.7 

61.9 

65.2 

-  _ 

70.0 

71.4 

66.2 

58.2        49.6 

60  1 

1873                                                              49  4 

4.1.2  |      49  8 

52.7 

62.2 

68.0 

72.2 

70.4 

09.8 

67.7 

54.9        44.3 

59  1 

1874  .'      49.5 

47.7        51.2 

56.4 

64.1 

71.8 

75.5 

73.8 

76.6 

60.5 

58.9        51.6 

61.5 

1875                                                              52.1 

56  8        53.8 

64.2 

71  6 

70.8 

72.9 

73.9 

72.4 

70.3 

57.8        52.8 

64.1 

1876  48.3 

47.7  *      50.6 

55.6 

64.2 

75.4 

70.3 

'67.0 

Til 

67.0 

58.1        49.8 

60  5 

1877                                                          52.5 

53.3         58.4 

57  3 

60  7 

73.3 

77.4 

09.5 

71.7 

64.8 

59  0        53.6 

1878  54.5 

54.7        59.1 

63.0 

65.3 

70.2 

73.4 

76.3 

67? 

63.9 

58.0        49.7 

- 

1879                                                          52.1 

59  9         60.2 

62.0 

61  7 

72.2 

72.6 

77.6 

7J.7 

57  7  >      49.8 

• 

1880  .                          51.8 

47.7         54.8 

57.2 

63.5 

64.9 

72.2 

70.5 

TL7 

64.6 

54.0         53.* 

• 

1881                                                          54.2 

56  0        55.7 

63.3 

65.4 

67  0 

-     - 

- 

68.5 

61  6 

55.4         51  1 

61.6 

1882  4&1 

48.1         54.5 

56.7 

62.3 

62.1 

70.1 

- 

66.8 

- 

55.8        56.3 

59  7 

1883t.                                                       f  9 

45  2        58  3 

55.6 

61  9 

71  0 

- 

-    . 

69  5 

59  7 

44.6         51  2 

-    ( 

1884  49.7 

49.2        54.1 

54.4 

.  - 

67.6 

67.5 

63.3 

60.2 

55.5        59.0 

57.8 

1885  54.4 

55.5        55.9 

56.4 

59.2 

57.1 

63.3 

65.7 

644 

60.6 

54.4        51.2 

57.4 

1886  45.7 

54.4        51  0 

54.8 

60.8 

68.1 

70  1 

72.4 

68.5 

61.6 

53.3        57.4 

59.8 

M87                                                          52.1 

45.7        57  3 

56.1 

60  5 

65.9 

. 

.    . 

67  1 

66.4 

57  3        52.5 

59  5 

MM.  .                                                       46.  9 

53.7        53.7 

59.9 

-  - 

64.0 

1. 

66.0 

64.6 

59.5 

51.9        47.6 

57  5 

1889.  .                                                       45.  6 

52.8        57  2 

59  0 

62  3 

64.9 

.    - 

-  - 

68.0 

. 

58.8        46.9 

59  0 

1890  42.8 

49.0        52.9 

55.4 

57.5 

61.0 

69  9 

71.9 

70.2 

56.8        52.9 

-  - 

1891      ..                                                  50.5 

49.  1  '      57  2 

55.5 

-  - 

- 

74.3 

72.3 

66.6 

61.6 

54.6        47  5 

59  C 

1MB                                                          49  1 

52.8        54.8 

55.0 

- 

64.0 

67  0 

59.5 

56.2        48.9 

58.7 

1893.                                                        44  3 

49  1         50.2 

.   - 

- 

64.3 

- 

68.9 

w.« 

59  2 

54  3        51  8 

57  5 

1894  46.3 

49.0         49  9 

55.5 

59  7 

62.0 

69  5 

71.1 

- 

60.7 

56.7        49.4 

58.3 

1895.                                                       I      47  2 

51  3        52.7 

55.7 

60  8 

69  7 

- 

69  3 

64.3 

- 

53.8        47  3 

58.7 

1896  51.9 

53.3        54  3 

52.3 

9.1 

.   - 

74.4 

68.4 

mm*m 
64.4 

60.2 

51.2        52.6 

1897  '      45  5 

49  7        48.1 

59  6 

64  3 

-     . 

7>  j 

me 

- 

577 

'     52.5        51  2 

1898                                                          49  1 

53.1        51  0 

57  8 

54.6 

62.9 

61  9 

59  4 

59  2 

51  5        48.4 

56.  •» 

1899  '.  514 

50.6        51  0 

54.8 

55.1 

68.1 

61  7 

.  - 

67  3 

59  4 

55.5        46.5 

- 

19110.                                                        48.6 

MLS        53.8 

- 

65  1 

64  7 

60  3 

53.6        50.5 

57  9 

Mean  t30  yean)                         49  3 

51  6        53.8 

61  4 

67  6 

- 

69  6 

. 

. 

54.9        50  5 

59  7 

LOCAL   CLMATOLOGT. 


143 


HOTTHLY  AXIi  AJTSTTAI.  MI 


r ATK  '.V    IXCHXS- 


Ml.  JLJNKBawaSBl. 


Mk.       M«i.       Apr. 


- 


- 


: 


•- 


j_e 


.   • 


.    - 


4.61 


.!      L«* 


.    - 
LB7 
2.K 
4.  OS 

4.3CI 

'. 

a*c 
a.  a 
a  a* 

s.«e 


7.16 

i.» 

L47 

2.44 


l.«  1.M 

1.2*  a& 

r«  4.» 

ft.*  LMI 

t.78  iffl 

1.78  *.«* 

l.W  LA 

2.62  L«t 

1.72  -L*  | 

ti.CS  2.6 

5u2»  S.SC 


- 


fi.24 


LM 
11.  S 


a« 

ac: 


' 


LJi 

- 

4-lf  2.» 
LOS  ILK 
S.12  .  J.« 

Lie      L« 

6.17  j  l.» 

fi.M  !  4.  W 

L3»  |  U.7* 

«.W  ,  2.7U 

&.M  1.11 


. 
tl.C 


ait  «.» 

a*e  aw 

«.3»  LS4 

«.a  «.»  ; 

i.»  a« 

L»  j  2.H 

2.711  ll.» 

1.2*  «.« 

2.K  «.« 

3.«>  «.» 

«.•;  am 

«.ffl  ;  2.2S  | 

a* I  a* ' 

L»;  «.« 

U.Mt  l.»i 

; 

1.56  !  L2S  i 

1.11  aa» 

a  a  at* 

ae  ILK 

a »  cv 

b.W  1.11) 


a»  .  «.«•  I 

as:  a» 

aw  '  «.«•  ] 

«.«•  '  «.• 

as-  ant  I 

a«*  ;  •.• 

a»  «. 

a»  a 
aa 

«.«  ii 

aw  a 

a«  a 

a«D  a 

LH 


«.< 

a*  •.• 

a»  :  «.*» 

aw  «.«*  j 

aw  aw 

aw  :  ami 

aw  aw 

T- 

a«  «.» 


T. 

aw 

. 

L«7 

1.3B 
L27 

aa« 

• 
aw 

La: 


LJI 

i_a 
- 
. 
7.a 

L2» 
L*t 

'• 
• 

as 


aw 
aw 

T.  j    am  j 
a«      aw 
a  is  <    «.«•  | 

T.        «. 

aw 

. 

aw 


ai*  a» 

aw  aw 
aw 

aw  a» 

«.n>  aw 

aw '  L» 


LM      ai 


a»      ami 


aw 
aw 
aw 


.- 
aw 


• 


• 


a-w 

L6 

«LS 


XM 

aw 
a« 

L« 

aw 

L15 


' 

1.W 
±.!6 

a» 

4.K 

i.a> 


. 


L« 

L«  an 

a»  «.» 

2.2  2.W 

Lie  4.*- 


1L» 
S.S7 
«.# 

a» 

. 
• 

- 
- 

L»» 
7-75 
i.X 

a* 
a  44 

«.22 

• 

*» 

2.21 

«.e 

t» 

4.42 

7.27 
2.14 

s 

LJI  I 

Si 

L« 
L* 


- 


. 
U.C 

.- 


•- 


a« 

-    •• 


9b  j  taurv 


L2» 


U.aC 


ti  Jf-         (I.  CD 


(I.  IS 


1.76 


MAMMOTH  TANK. 


-    p      . 


Mammoth  Tank  is  rihated  in  Ike  eastern  portion  of  San  Diego  County,  on  the  K»»  of  the 
Southern  Pacific  Railroad,  and  in  the  southern  portion  of  the  Colondo  desert,  in  britodp  33  v7. 
longitude  lid-  IT7;  elevation  above  «•  level,  257  feet. 

".":  •       •         .-  :          •    :..;••  :  .:    •        •  -  ,--..--.     •.  -      -  _.       .  -    .   ,,  -    .       ---.:.-.--., 

years,  is  76°.  The  warmest  month  is  July,  with  a  mean  temperature  of  S&S1,  and  the  coldest 
January.  53.9°.  Tbe  h%best  temperatxire  leuwiled  WH  190%  on  Angus*  17,  1885,  and  the 
lowest  ±?:.  in  December.  1SK.  makiiig  an  abepinfte  range  of  1OS°.  Temperatures  of  14MP 
and  over  have  beat  recorded  in  every  month  except  Janaanr,  Febroary.  November,  and  Decem- 
ber, and  temperatures  of  90°  and  above  in  every  month  of  the  year.  Temperature*  of  1M-  and 
over  hare  oocurred  in  fire  month* — Itay.  Jane.  July.  Augra*.  and  September.  Temperatures  of 
Si1  and  below  bare  uuuuied  in  January.  February,  and  December. 


The  n>ean  annual  rainfall  for  twenty-three  jean  is  1.81  inches:  the  greatest  annual.  5.48 
fell  in  1889.  and  the  least,  a  trace,  in  1897  and  1898.    The  greatest  monthly  rainfall  was 
-  inches,  in  December.  1889.     Jams  has  been  practically  a  rainless  month,  no  appreciable 
aiA^dui^1h^wtamlhmmdo^j»tncKonxntxemty-Ar^yemt^ 


144 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 

MAXIMUM  TEMPERATURE  (DEGREES  FAHRENHEIT). 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

1878              

76 

80 

96 

102 

106 

112 

116 

118 

114 

108 

94 

91 

1879                     

92 

104 

108 

108 

117 

119 

119 

115 

104 

90 

78 

1880                         .  .. 

78 

78 

84 

102 

104 

115 

114 

114 

114 

100 

88 

80 

1881                

75 

96 

101 

104 

104 

111 

116 

112 

110 

99 

78 

79 

1882                      

73 

78 

93 

104 

105 

112 

119 

118 

118 

112 

90 

84 

1883  

84 

92 

100 

118 

129 

121 

118 

122 

97 

% 

86 

1884              

74 

86 

86 

101 

113 

128 

126 

128 

115 

105 

96 

84 

1885 

83 

91 

95 

105 

124 

118 

127 

130 

124 

113 

94 

84 

1886       

90 

89 

99 

101 

120 

124 

128 

126 

120 

99 

88 

82 

1887                     

80 

86 

101 

107 

112 

128 

128 

115 

110 

100 

92 

75 

1888 

85 

85 

100 

105 

105 

111 

117 

114 

113 

103 

83 

75 

1889               

75 

80 

91 

106 

110 

110 

120 

119 

108 

108 

81 

72 

1890 

80 

84 

92 

100 

111 

112 

118 

116 

115 

96 

94 

78 

1891     

84 

72 

90 

104 

105 

120 

121 

116 

113 

106 

88 

79 

1892                      .  . 

80 

82 

89 

98 

110 

116 

120 

115 

110 

99 

86 

84 

1893 

80 

82 

93 

100 

106 

112 

115 

113 

106 

96 

85 

81 

1894.      .          

75 

82 

96 

100 

102 

105 

115 

110 

108 

100 

92 

.  68 

1895 

72 

85 

95 

98 

109 

113 

114 

117 

106 

98 

83 

81 

1896         

80 

88 

100 

90 

114 

122 

117 

116 

110 

104 

85 

76 

1897 

74 

83 

87 

107 

110 

110 

115 

118 

108 

90 

87 

75 

1898  

78 

87 

88 

109 

108 

116 

120 

118 

111 

101 

92 

76 

1899 

80 

85 

90 

100 

105 

118 

118 

111 

112 

100 

86 

78 

1900 

79 

85 

95 

96 

106 

110 

115 

111 

101 

95 

88 

80 

f   90 

96 

104 

109 

124 

129 

1-j.s 

130 

124 

113 

96 

91 

I  1886 

1881 

1879 

1898 

1885 

1883 

1886 

1886 

1885 

1885 

1883 

1878 

MINIMUM  TEMPERATURE  (DEGREES  FAHRENHEIT). 


1878  

30 

42 

44 

46 

60 

58 

82 

87 

70 

57 

40 

32 

1879 

42 

51 

52 

64 

69 

80 

88 

72 

60 

42 

30 

1880 

32 

34 

40 

48 

62 

80 

74 

76 

68 

58 

38 

34 

1881. 

38 

40 

40 

60 

66 

70 

88 

72 

70 

58 

44 

42 

1882  

28 

32 

36 

50 

63 

58 

80 

86 

67 

63 

44 

32 

1883 

25 

38 

61 

55 

59 

77 

75 

80 

72 

50 

42 

40 

1884 

33 

30 

48 

52 

62 

73 

78 

85 

70 

53 

54 

40 

1886  

39 

49 

50 

58 

65 

74 

77 

78 

70 

62 

50 

44 

1886 

37 

50 

48 

60 

64 

72 

84 

80 

80 

59 

42 

40 

1887  

30 

38 

54 

57 

68 

84 

78 

70 

70 

64 

34 

32 

1888 

27 

40 

45 

55 

55 

70 

80 

83 

80 

62 

45 

40 

1889 

30 

30 

50 

54 

56 

67 

80 

81 

73 

55 

38 

38 

1890. 

29 

41 

50 

60 

65 

72 

78 

75 

75 

52 

52 

40 

1891  

28 

31 

48  j 

56 

60 

60 

75 

85 

70 

62 

37 

25 

1892.. 

29 

33 

46 

51 

58 

60 

76 

71 

70 

58 

40 

26 

1893 

32 

32 

40 

50 

58 

75 

81 

81 

60 

58 

39 

37 

1894  

27 

33 

40 

58 

62 

68 

85 

80 

65 

50 

40 

37 

1895 

35 

42 

50 

54 

60 

60 

80 

70 

70 

60 

36 

22 

1896  

31 

32 

40 

50 

61 

75 

85 

73 

63 

52 

40 

35 

1897 

38 

40 

47 

52 

65 

70 

81 

82 

75 

57 

42 

32 

1898  

30 

47 

50 

55 

60 

80 

90 

90 

75 

61 

44 

33 

1899 

35 

29 

50 

53 

50 

60 

70 

75 

80 

50 

50 

36 

1900  

41 

35 

57 

50 

59 

62 

80 

82 

62 

58 

49 

32 

Absolute  minimum  and  year  

25 

29 

40 

,i 

50 

50 

74 

70 

60 

50 

34 

22 

1  1883 

1899 

(") 

1878 

1899 

1892 

1880 

61887 

1893 

(") 

1887 

1895 

a  Several  years. 


6  Also  in  1895. 


LOCAL    CLIMATOLOGY. 


145 


MONTHLY  AND  ANNUAL  MEAN  TEMPERATURE  (DEGREES  FAHRENHEIT). 
[Elevation,  257  feet.] 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1878 

56  0 

61  7 

67  8 

7">  3 

82.3 

90  7 

98  ° 

105  0 

90  9 

78  5 

1879         

56.2 

67.8 

75  0 

77  7 

77  9 

93  g 

99  ° 

103.0 

95  3 

78  6 

64.6 

53  3 

78  5 

1880 

55  9 

54.4 

61  0 

73  0 

83.0 

95  5 

|  . 

96  5 

90  8 

76  9 

601 

T=  « 

1881 

54.4 

63.2 

63.8 

76  9 

84.0 

92.1 

98  1 

94  3 

87  3 

74.3 

59  9 

56  6 

1882  

48.3 

53.7 

62.4 

74.0 

83  5 

90  3 

100  9 

100  0 

92.4 

77  0 

64.2 

62  2 

75.7 

1883 

54.3 

58.4 

74.4 

73.4 

82.5 

99  4 

97  6 

99  i 

94.2 

74.1 

64  9 

60  0 

77  7 
77.  / 

1884  

54.7 

59.0 

58.9 

68.8 

85  0 

9*>  9 

99  8 

100  1 

89  9 

80  3 

66  9 

54.5 

75  9 

1885 

54  5 

64  4 

67  0 

76  8 

85  0 

90  2 

98  6 

98  2 

90  5 

.  '  ' 

.  . 

61  3 

7«  1 

1886  ...  . 

56.7 

66.7 

66  3 

75.9 

90  8 

95  7 

10°  9 

102  3 

96  7 

77  2 

6°  3 

60  8 

79  5 

1887  

57.7 

58.0 

78.4 

80.4 

91.2 

100  2 

100  5 

90  4 

88  4 

80  4 

65  8 

51  0 

78  5 

1888 

49.6 

59.4 

63.0 

- 

-  . 

93  4 

97  2 

96  0 

93  9 

78  6 

61  3 

5°  0 

75  8 

1889  

51.2 

56.5 

67.1 

79.3 

84  2 

90  3 

100  2 

..  . 

88  6 

77  4 

63,0 

57  0 

76  1 

1890 

50.4 

59.0 

69  1 

77  8 

83  6 

88  7 

95  2 

93  i 

90  9 

74  9 

68  3 

59  0 

75  8 

1891    

54.9 

53.2 

65.3 

77.1 

81  2 

92.3 

101  7 

99  1 

9°  6 

81  7 

64  0 

.- 

75  9 

1892 

52.1 

57  3 

64.3 

74.8 

84.6 

-•  - 

93  0 

90  2 

86  4 

-  - 

64  4 

73  0 

1893        .  .  . 

57.1 

56.7 

61.5 

75.6 

84.3 

97  1 

99  0 

96  0 

-  - 

74.7 

60  1 

56  6 

75  ° 

1891 

50  8 

52  6 

63  6 

75  4 

83  3 

86  1 

96  5 

94.6 

88  2 

76  9 

65  5 

51  1 

1895 

50.9 

58.6 

64.4 

76  3 

81  6 

88  2 

93  7 

90  3 

86.5 

77  £ 

H   ; 

51  2 

73  3 

1896  

56.4 

61.6 

67.1 

68.2 

-   . 

93  8 

102.8 

97  4 

87  4 

78.6 

63  7 

57  3 

76  4 

1897 

55.2 

57.9 

61  0 

79  1 

88  7 

92.6 

99  4 

103  3 

90  6 

74  1 

63.7 

53  6 

1898.   .      

50.4 

56.1 

63.8 

78.5 

80  6 

97  5 

101  8 

10L6 

9°  9 

75  5 

60  0 

51  4 

75  8 

1899 

54  6 

60  0 

65  2 

74  3 

77  7 

90  1 

97  8 

91  0 

91  0 

73  o 

65  4 

55  6 

1900. 

58.2 

59.6 

69.6 

67.6 

82  0 

89  7 

95  3 

93  0 

80  0 

73  8 

67  4 

57  3 

74.5 

Mean  (23  vears) 

53.9 

58.9 

66.1 

75  4 

83  6 

9°  5 

98  5 

- 

90  0 

76  8 

63  8 

55  4 

76.0 

MONTHLY  AND  ANNUAL  PRECIPITATION  (INCHES  AND  HUNDREDTHS). 


1878  

0.00 

0.03 

0.03 

0.02 

0.00 

0  00 

0  51 

0  65 

0  00 

0  00 

0  09 

1  42 

1879 

0.00 

0.55 

0.00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  68 

0  28 

0  13 

1  rU 

1880  

0.08 

0.00 

0.15 

0.02 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  7° 

0  97 

1881 

0.00 

0  00 

0  22 

- 

0  00 

0  00 

0  28 

0  88 

0  00 

0  26 

0  00 

0  00 

2  44 

1882  

1.29 

0.00 

0  00 

0.00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  20 

0  00 

0  50 

0  20 

0  00 

°  19 

1883 

0  00 

0  75 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  05 

0  00 

1  22 

0  ()•> 

1884  

T. 

1.36 

0.22 

0.07 

0  19 

0  00 

0  00 

T 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  87 

2.71 

1885 

0  00 

0  02 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

T 

0  62 

0  00 

0  00 

1  01 

0  00 

1  65 

1886  

0.57 

0.20 

0.25 

0.05 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  01 

0  00 

0  01 

0  00 

0  °4 

1  33 

1887 

0  00 

1  38 

0  00 

0  18 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  33 

0  03 

0  20 

0  05 

9  12 

1888. 

0.05 

0.07 

0.05 

0  03 

0  01 

0  00 

0  40 

0  10 

0  00 

0  43 

0  73 

0  87 

2.74 

1S89 

0  6° 

0  03 

1  37 

0  00 

0  00 

0  OQ 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  17 

0  11 

3.18 

5  43 

1890                 

0  00 

0.54 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  10 

0  OQ 

0  12 

0  30 

0  00 

0  54 

1  60 

1891 

0  00 

2.73 

0  00 

0  02 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1  65 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

4  4C 

1892 

0  28 

0  42 

0  50 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  10 

0  10 

0  10 

0  00 

0  00 

1  51" 

1893  

0.05 

0.00 

1.17 

0.00 

0.30 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  35 

0  02 

1  8° 

1894 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

T 

0  06 

0  36 

T 

0  00 

1  22 

1  61- 

1895  

0.80 

T. 

T. 

0.00 

0  00 

T 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  12 

0  00 

0  92 

1896 

T 

0  00 

0  25 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  01 

T 

T 

T 

0  00 

0  26 

1807 

T. 

T. 

T 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

T 

T 

0  00 

T 

T 

1898  

T. 

0.00 

T. 

0.00 

0.00 

0  00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0  00 

T 

T 

T 

1899 

0.06 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  15 

1  10 

0  00 

0  00 

0  23 

T 

1  54 

1900  

0.15 

0.00 

0.25 

0.30 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0  00 

0  20 

0  26 

0  00 

0  00 

1  16 

Average  (23  vears)  

0.17 

0.35 

0.19 

0.06 

0.02 

T. 

0  06 

0  23 

0  05 

0  12 

0  14 

0  40 

1  81 

OAKLAND. 

The  thriving  city  of  Oakland  is  located  on  the  eastern  shore  of  San  Francisco  Bay.  in  latitude 
37-  48'  north,  longitude  122=  17'  west,  with  elevations  varying  from  9  to  50  feet  above  sea  level. 
It  is  the  chief  suburb  of  San  Francisco,  and  has  a  population  of  about  75,000.  The  temperature 
and  precipitation  data  following  are  from  records  kept  by  Messrs.  J.  B.  McChesney,  J.  Hutch- 
inson.  J.  B.  Trembly,  and  Prof.  Charles  Burckhalter.  of  Chabot  Observatory. 

The  mean  annual  temperature,  based  upon  records  covering  twenty -five  years,  is  56C.  practi- 
cally the  same  as  that  of  San  Francisco.  A  comparison  of  the  maximum  and  minimum  tempera- 
tures of  the  two  cities,  however,  shows  that  as  a  rule  the  days  are  warmer  and  the  nights  cooler 

1176— Bull.  L— 03 10 


146 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 


in  Oakland  than  in  San  Francisco.     July  is  the  wannest  month,  with  a  mean  of  61.8°,  and  Janu- 
ary the  coolest,  47.6°.     The  temperature  seldom  exceeds  90°  and  rarely  falls  below  32°. 

The  average  annual  precipitation  is  24.96  inches,  or  nearly  2  inches  more  than  that  of  San 
Francisco.  January  and  December  are  the  months  of  heaviest  rainfall.  Kain  seldom  falls  during 
the  summer  months. 

MONTHLY  AND  ANNUAL  MEAN  TEMPERATURE  (DEGREES  FAHRENHEIT). 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1876           

45.4 

50.5 

52.1 

54.8 

56.5 

61.6 

60.0 

59.6 

60.4 

58.7 

54.3 

47.3 

55.1 

1877               

WI.6 

53.3 

55.8 

53.9 

55.8 

61.6 

61.4 

60.5 

61.8 

57.2 

54.0 

49.5 

56.3 

1878       

50.0 

50.8 

54.0 

55.3 

57.9 

69.3 

59.2 

59.6 

58.2 

58.5 

53.4 

46.5 

55.2 

1879            

45.1 

52.2 

55.9 

56.0 

56.6 

70.5 

59.5 

59.6 

60.6 

68.2 

51.4 

46.2 

56.0 

1880                  

43.9 

46.1 

47.6 

52.6 

57.5 

57.8 

59.5 

65.6 

59.3 

58.1 

50.8 

51.6 

54.2 

1881           

51.6 

53.5 

53.2 

57.5 

58.3 

59.4 

69.3 

60.4 

59.2 

54.6 

50.5 

48.2 

56.3 

1882               

46.4 

45.8 

52.0 

52.6 

57.8 

59.2 

60.6 

60.4 

60.7 

57.6 

51.0 

49.7 

54.5 

1883        

43.7 

45.2 

52.5 

52.5 

57.1 

63.0 

60.3 

60.2 

63.3 

56.8 

52.6 

46.8 

54.5 

1884             

47.0 

48.3 

53.2 

54.3 

59.3 

60.8 

63.4 

61.5 

59.4 

56.4 

55.4 

51.2 

55.8 

1885        

49.1 

54.1 

56.9 

58.1 

59.0 

59.7 

63.0 

61.0 

61.9 

59.9 

56.8 

52.4 

57.7 

1886             

49.4 

54.6 

51.3 

54.4 

59.4 

60.8 

62.8 

61.2 

61.1 

57.0 

62.2 

52.0 

56.4 

1887     

494. 

46.1 

53.9 

54.8 

57.3 

59.6 

57.5 

58.5 

60.7 

61.0 

53.4 

49.5 

55.1 

1888           

46.4 

52.3 

52.2 

57.3 

57.0 

63.1 

62.2 

61.6 

62.0 

60.2 

55.7 

52.3 

56.8 

1889       

47.7 

51.4 

56.9 

59.0 

59.0 

61.3 

59.8 

61.0 

63.2 

61.1 

57.0 

49.9 

57.3 

1890             

45.2 

47.7 

54.3 

54.9 

59.7 

59.5 

61.6 

62.2 

61.2 

61.8 

57.2 

49.5 

56.2 

1891 

51.2 

49.4 

53.5 

63.4 

55.3 

60.4 

61.2 

63.0 

62.2 

58.7 

56.9 

48.~7 

56  2 

1892             

52.2 

50.0 

63.3 

53.6 

58.4 

62.2 

63.8 

64.1 

63.0 

58.2 

53.5 

49.4 

56.8 

1893 

42.3 

48.7 

50.9 

64.4 

57.7 

62.3 

62.0 

61.3 

61.8 

58.0 

54.0 

51.0 

55  4 

1894         

44.7 

47.8 

51.6 

57.0 

58.6 

60.6 

59.0 

59.4 

60.6 

69.0 

55.9 

48.8 

55.2 

1895 

47.2 

52.1 

50.6 

56.4 

59.0 

60.0 

63.1 

58.7 

61.6 

56.0 

53.9 

46.9 

55  5 

1896        

51.0 

53.4 

54.7 

53.6 

58.3 

61.5 

64.0 

63.2 

58.0 

58.2 

51.0 

49.3 

56.4 

1897 

46.1 

49.1 

49.0 

59.8 

61.0 

64.0 

63.0 

61.5 

63.0 

58.2 

50.7 

47.5 

56:0 

1898     

44.2 

51.4 

51.3 

56.9 

56.6 

63.7 

62.0 

61.6 

60.7 

60.0 

53.2 

46.9 

55.  7 

1899               ...  . 

51.0 

50.7 

52.6 

56.3 

57.0 

61.8 

60.8 

62.0 

60.6 

57.3 

65.2 

47.8 

56.1 

1900 

49  8 

52  0 

56  8 

65  7 

61.8 

63.8 

64  9 

64.8 

64  7 

59.2 

56.2 

50.0 

58  3 

47  6 

50  3 

53  0 

55  4 

58.1 

61.5 

61  8 

61  3 

61  2 

58.4 

53.8 

49.2 

56  0 

MONTHLY  AND  ANNUAL  PRECIPITATION  (INCHES  AND  HUNDREDTHS). 


1874  

5.60 

1.80 

5.25 

1.25 

0.75 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

2.24 

9.18 

0.31 

26.38 

1875 

6.15 

0.30 

1.65 

0.00 

0.10 

1.64 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.30 

7.84 

4.10 

22  08 

1876 

5.28 

4  87 

4  55 

0  93 

0  45 

0  24 

0  10 

0  00 

0  15 

4.74 

0.25 

0  00 

21  56 

1877.. 

4.19 

1.42 

0.96 

0.22 

0.30 

0.00 

0.18 

0.00 

0.00 

0.45 

1.62 

1.75 

11  09 

1878 

10.82 

11  63 

4  30 

1  18 

0  40 

T 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1  85 

0  65 

0  31 

31  14 

1879  .  . 

4.34 

5  65 

7.96 

1.17 

1.39 

0.15 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.70 

2.98 

5.06 

29  40 

1880 

1.71 

2  19 

1  70 

8  46 

1  04 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  67 

0  00 

0  35 

12  57 

28  59 

1881  

10.48 

3  95 

0.88 

1.40 

6.40 

1.16 

'o.oo 

0.00 

0.40 

0.82 

1.49 

5.09 

26  07 

1882 

2.42 

2  05 

4  20 

1  51 

0  15 

T- 

0  00 

0  00 

0  42 

2  65 

4.33 

1  14 

18  87 

1883 

1  95 

0  70 

3  33 

"*  20 

0  50 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1  00 

1  03 

0  90 

1  15 

15  76 

1884.. 

3.81 

5  25 

8  59 

6  79 

0  55 

3  03 

T 

0  25 

0  35 

2  80 

0  05 

7  73 

38  20 

1885 

1  92 

0  48 

1  07 

3  12 

0  10 

0  08 

0  O9 

0  00 

0  05 

0  30 

11  11 

4  33 

22  58 

1886  

8.12 

0  30 

257 

5  11 

0  30 

0  00 

0  15 

0  00 

0  05 

1  69 

0  45 

3  60 

22  24 

1887 

1  57 

7  83 

0  71 

2  35 

0  10 

0  05 

0  01 

0  00 

0  27 

0  00 

0  78 

3  22 

16  89 

1888  

6.42 

1  02 

4  44 

0  10 

0  38 

0  46 

0  00 

0  00 

0  92 

0  06 

3  52 

4  82 

22  14 

1889 

0  90 

0  63 

7  60 

0  93 

1  92 

0  07 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

7  30 

2  89 

13  38 

35  62 

1890  

10  22 

5  72 

3  52 

1  18 

1  17 

T 

T 

T 

0  10 

0  00 

0  00 

3  91 

25  82 

1891... 

0  95 

11  37 

3  10 

2  77 

1  go 

0  11 

0  15 

0  00 

0  87 

0  20 

0  55 

6  64 

28  31 

1892  

2.81 

3  68 

2  89 

1  09 

2  49 

0  00 

T 

T 

0  04 

2  51 

5  04 

6  47 

26  52 

1893  

3  68 

3  25 

5  76 

0  98 

0  34 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  03 

0  29 

5  76 

2  57 

22  66 

1894  

9.02 

3  70 

0  79 

0  41 

1  89 

0  95 

0  01 

0  00 

1  66 

2  64 

1  34 

11  78 

34  19 

1895  

11  32 

3  09 

2  00 

1  93 

1  12 

0  00 

0  03 

0  00 

1  07 

0  13 

2  09 

1  74 

24  52 

1896 

11  03 

0  24 

2  64 

6  88 

0  80 

0  00 

0  68 

0  82 

1  72 

6  11 

4  ^9 

35  21 

1S97  

3  32 

6  99 

6  00 

0  52 

0  29 

0  42 

T 

T 

0  16 

3  27 

1  18 

2  49 

93  64 

1898 

1  30 

2  85 

0  26 

0  19 

1  50 

0  39 

0  00 

T 

1  16 

1  48 

0  60 

11  21 

1899  

6.59 

0  07 

12  16 

0  78 

1  64 

0  06 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

4  89 

5  65 

3  90 

34  04 

1900 

4  81 

0  87 

2  67 

1  48 

1  07 

0  08 

0  00 

T 

0  06 

1  60 

5  00 

1  58 

19  22 

Average  (27  years)  .  . 

5  16 

3  37 

3  76 

2  00 

0  95 

0  33 

0  02 

0  03 

0  38 

1  69 

3  03 

4  25 

24  96 

LOCAL    CLIMATOLOGY. 


147 


REDLANDS. 

Redlands  is  situated  in  latitude  34°  31'  north,  longitude  117C  11'  west.  The  elevation  above 
sea  level.  1,352  feet.  The  city  is  surrounded  by  mountains  and  nestles  on  the  southern  slope  of 
the  San  Bernardino  Valley.  Within  a  distance  of  15  miles  are  a  number  of  towns  and  small 
cities  of  which  may  be  mentioned  San  Bernardino,  Colton,  Riverside,  Loma  Linda,  Highland, 
and  Craftonville.  Mount  San  Bernardino  and  Mount  San  Gorgonio,  two  of  the  highest  peaks 
in  southern  California,  wall  in  the  valley  to  the  north.  The  distance  from  Los  Angeles  by 
rail  is  66  miles.  The  city  is  generally  conceded  to  be  one  of  the  most  beautiful  in  southern 
California.  The  mean  annual  temperature  is  64°,  which  is  about  2°  warmer  than  Los  Angeles. 
The  prevailing  wind  direction  is  west.  Owing  to  proximity  of  the  mountains  and  the  desert, 
the  range  of  temperature  is  large.  Maximum  temperatures  exceeding  105C  are  not  infrequent 
during  summer  afternoons,  but  it  must  be  remembered  that  the  relative  humidity  is  very  low. 
The  highest  temperature  recorded  since  1897  is  113°  on  July  11, 1897.  The  lowest  temperature 
for  the  same  period,  26°  on  January  1,  1901.  Owing  to  the  topography,  however,  lower 
temperatures  may  have  been  experienced  within  short  distances  from  the  point  of  observation. 
The  annual  rainfall,  as  determined  from  twelve  years'  record,  is  14.70  inches. 

MONTHLY  AND  ANNUAL  MEAN  TEMPERATURE  (DEGREES  FAHRENHEIT). 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1893                      

54.2 

50.7 

51.9 

58.7 

66.0 

73.1 

77.0 

77.5 

68.4 

62.2 

54.0 

53.6 

61.4 

1894 

46.8 

46.7 

52.1 

61.9 

63.2 

68.4 

80.1 

77.9 

71.4 

67.1 

62.1 

52.6 

62.5 

1895                    

47.7 

62.3 

55.7 

62.0 

68.2 

73.7 

72.6 

76.7 

68.9 

65.0 

60.4 

52.9 

63.0 

1896 

53.5 

52.9 

57.8 

57.8 

66.2 

80.2 

82.3 

78.9 

73.0 

68.8 

56.5 

53.0 

65.1 

1897                    

48.7 

48.2 

49.9 

63.0 

69.3 

74.7 

82.2 

83.0 

71.7 

60.4 

57.1 

49.7 

63.2 

1898 

45.0 

54.4 

54.8 

67.2 

66.0 

77.1 

77.6 

81.1 

76.8 

69.0 

$8.2 

52.4 

65.0 

1899                                

53.4 

54.6 

54.8 

62.2 

60.8 

70.6 

77.6 

73.4 

79.0 

63.6 

60.4 

55.9 

63.9 

1900               

56.8 

57.6 

60.8 

55.9 

66.6 

72.2 

77.0 

71.6 

67.6 

63.9 

62.4 

55.9 

64.0 

Mean  (8  vears)  

50.8 

52.2 

M.  7 

61.1 

65.8 

73.8 

78.3 

72.1 

65.0 

58.9 

53.2 

63.5 

MONTHLY  AND  ANNUAL  PRECIPITATION  (INCHES  AND  HUNDREDTHS). 


1889  0.68 

1.47 

5.70 

0.99 

0.58 

0.00        0.00 

0.28 

0.31 

1.50 

0.52 

13.72 

25.75 

1890                                                          4.  69 

3.03 

0.89 

0.16 

0.68 

0.00        0.00 

2.16 

0.88 

0.29 

0.00 

3.02 

15.80 

1891           0.00 

9.28 

1.19 

0.91 

1.10 

0.23        0.00 

1.63 

0.97 

0.00 

0.00 

1.51 

16.82 

1892                                                          0  87 

4  37 

2.06 

0.13 

0.00 

0.00        0.00 

0.00 

0.03 

0.00 

0.63 

1.58 

9.67 

1893                                                          3.02 

3.93 

7.22 

0.26 

0.00 

0.00        0.21 

0.00 

0.69 

0.95 

0.50 

3.46 

20.24 

1894                                                          1  43 

1  04 

1  01 

0  25 

0.64 

0.00        0.00 

0.09 

0.17 

0.07 

0.00 

7.38 

12.08 

1895                                                          8.66 

1.30 

3.29 

1.37 

0.57 

0.00        0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.03 

2.03 

0.52 

17.77 

1896               ,      1.52 

0.24 

3.96 

0.01 

1.14 

0.06        0.01 

2.00 

0.00 

1.72 

2.07 

1.37 

14.10 

1897                                                     '      5  11 

5  83 

3.00 

0.14 

0.63 

0.00        0.06 

0.00 

0.83 

2.38 

0.16 

0.70 

18.84 

1898                                 ..                 '      1.96 

0.79 

0.99 

0.31 

2.15 

0.  00        0.  10 

0.00 

0.00 

0.04 

0.22 

0.62 

7.18 

1899                                                    j      1  92 

0  71 

1  50 

0.08 

0  24 

0.  87         0.  00 

0.04 

0.05 

0.65 

1.28 

0.46 

7.80 

1900                                .                   .,1.20 

T. 

0.78 

2.03 

1.41 

0.00        0.04 

0.00 

0.50 

0.53 

3.88 

0.00 

10.37 

Mean  (12  vears)  ..                '      2.59 

2.67 

2.63 

0.55 

0.76 

0.10        0.04 

0.52 

0.37 

.. 

2.86 

14.70 

RIVERSIDE. 

Riverside  is  situated  in  latitude  33°  58'  30"  north,  longitude  117°  22'  30"  west.  The 
elevation  above  sea  level,  851  feet.  The  city  lies  in  the  valley  of  the  Santa  Ana  River  and  is 
surrounded  by  hills  and  mountains.  Riverside  is  said  to  be  the  largest  orange-growing  com- 
munity in  the  United  States.  The  city  is  a  large  one  in  area,  approximating  56  square  miles. 
About  35  square  miles  are  under  irrigation.  The  mean  annual  temperature  is  63C,  and  the 
mean  annual  rainfall  10  inches.  Afternoon  temperatures  in  summer  are  high,  often  exceeding 
105°.  The  highest  recorded  temperature  since  1897  was  112°  on  September  11,  1898.  The 
lowest  temperature,  2<oz,  has  occurred  on  several  dates. 


148 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 

MONTHLY  AND  ANNUAL  MEAN  TEMPERATURE  (DEGREES  FAHRENHEIT). 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1882                                             

48.0 

51.0 

57.0 

60.2 

67.8 

72.4 

78.6 

79.8 

75.1 

64.9 

57.0 

56.5 

62.4 

1883 

52.3 

51.5 

60.9 

60.2 

66.7 

78.1 

79.4 

79.6 

76.8 

62.0 

58.6 

64.6 

65.1 

1884                      

52.6 

54.6 

55.0 

60.3 

67.2 

71.5 

77.7 

78.2 

69.2 

63.6 

69.7 

51.3 

63.4 

1885 

51.9 

56.2 

61.6 

63.8 

69.0 

71.3 

77.3 

81.6 

74.6 

67.2 

68.8 

55.5 

65.7 

1886 

53.7 

58.0 

55.2 

59.6 

C8.7 

74.1 

77.0 

79.2 

72.8 

60.7 

55.1 

55.4 

64.1 

1887        .        -                      

53.6 

48.6 

60.0 

60.5 

66.2 

71.4 

76.2 

73.6 

73.3 

66.6 

57.9 

50.1 

63.2 

1888 

48.4 

51.2 

53.1 

62.4 

62.5 

70.2 

76.3 

75.3 

74.4 

64.1 

56.0 

51.8 

62.1 

1889..     .               

48.2 

51.9 

56.5 

62.2 

64.0 

69.5 

75.9 

76.1 

71.3 

61.7 

55.5 

51.6 

62.0 

1890                                 .            .     . 

43.0 

50.2 

52.5 

58.0 

62.5 

67.1 

76.1 

75.8 

69.6 

63.0 

57.7 

54.0 

60.8 

1891 

49.3 

48.0 

53.8 

57.8 

60.3 

67.6 

78.2 

77.8 

70.0 

66.6 

58.4 

48.3 

61.3 

1892.                        

53.4 

53.8 

56.6 

59.8 

64.9 

68.2 

73.1 

74.3 

70.4 

62.0 

59.5 

51.0 

62.2 

1893                                             .  .. 

52.5 

50.4 

51.5 

60.7 

64.9 

70.8 

74.8 

75.7 

65.5 

62.0 

54.0 

54.0 

61.4 

1894 

47.3 

48  4 

54.2 

60.3 

62.4 

63.8 

75.2 

74.4 

71.6 

64.8 

61.5 

53.2 

61.4 

1895                                 

49.8 

50.8 

56.7 

60.6 

67.7 

71.4 

74.8 

75.2 

71.6 

66.0 

66.6 

51.4 

62.7 

18% 

55.6 

57.5 

68.1 

65.4 

65.1 

73.4 

76.0 

73.8 

71.1 

67.6 

57.6 

56.0 

63.9 

1897       

52.6 

50.1 

51.1 

63.3 

66.0 

69.0 

75.3 

77,7 

71.9 

61.5 

59.2 

51.7 

62.6 

1898 

48.2 

57.3 

53.5 

64.1 

[65.2] 

70.7 

75.5 

79.6 

75.4 

68.1 

59.0 

52.4 

64.1 

1899  

52.8 

53.4 

64.5 

61.0 

60.6 

69.2 

76.8 

72.4 

77.5 

63.0 

60.2 

55.8 

63.1 

1900 

56.9 

57.6 

61.0 

56.5 

67.0 

71.4 

75.8 

71.4 

68.2 

64.4 

64.3 

59.4 

64.5 

Mean  (19  years)  

51.1 

52.7 

55.9 

00.4 

65.2 

70.6 

76.3 

76.4 

72.1 

64.2 

58.2 

53.4 

62.9 

MONTHLY  AND  ANNUAL  PRECIPITATION  (INCHES  AND  HUNDREDTHS). 


1881                                          

0.48 

0.25 

1.30 

0.74 

0.03 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.10 

0.40 

0.25 

0.40 

3.95 

1882                      

1.70 

1.40 

1.08 

0.72 

0.08 

0.18 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.13 

0.29 

0.20 

5.78 

1883                                

0.09 

0.83 

0.89 

0.26 

0.25 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.97 

0.00 

2.25 

5.54 

1884        

0.84 

7.94 

6.56 

1.67 

1.99 

0.52 

0.00 

3.00 

0.00 

0.12 

0.12 

2.56 

25.32 

1885 

0.77 

0.00 

0.01 

2.15 

0.24 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.02 

1.34 

0.62 

5.15 

1886        

2.68 

1.38 

1.95 

1.43 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.54 

0.04 

8.02 

1887                                   

0.13 

3.30 

0.02 

1.70 

0.17 

0.02 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.75 

0.87 

0.85 

7.81 

1888 

4.17 

1  05 

3.84 

0.18 

0.05 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

2.83 

3.37 

15.49 

1889                     

0.87 

1.30 

5.10 

1.83 

0.25 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.09 

1.35 

1.82 

7.80 

20.41 

1890                                            -     - 

.  4.44 

1.96 

0.60 

0.06 

0.09 

0.00 

0.00 

0.06 

0.79 

0.13 

0.32 

3.21 

11.65 

1891                         

0.13 

6.36 

0.40 

1.04 

0.46 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.13 

0.03 

0.00 

1.29 

9.84 

1892 

0.00 

2.60 

1.07 

0.00 

1.32 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.29 

0.28 

0.94 

6.50 

1893  

3.01 

1.95 

5.71 

0.24 

0.04 

0.00 

0.33 

0.00 

1.27 

1.08 

0.67 

2.05 

16.35 

1894 

0.69 

0.33 

0  70 

0.00 

0.00 

0  00 

0.00 

0.26 

0.20 

0.05 

0.00 

5.22 

7.45 

1895 

6  48 

1  09 

2  54 

0  29 

0  26 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1  25 

0  24 

12.15 

1896 

1  72 

0  00 

3  16 

0  56 

0  58 

0  00 

0  O9 

0  23 

0  00 

2  07 

1  48 

0  92 

.     10  74 

1897 

3.38 

3  07 

1  62 

0  03 

0  03 

0  00 

0  00 

0  04 

0  09 

1  67 

0  02 

0  95 

10.00 

1898               

1.74 

0.12 

0.80 

0.18 

0.27 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.01 

1.38 

4.50 

1899 

2  09 

0  89 

0  90 

0  00 

0  13 

0  30 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1  03 

0  57 

0  41 

6.32 

1900  

1.01 

0.01 

0.95 

0  74 

1  29 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0.28 

2.51 

0.00 

6.79 

Mean  (20  years)  

1.82 

1.79 

1.96 

0  69 

0.38 

0  05 

0  02 

0  18 

0.13 

0  52 

0  76 

1.74 

10.01 

SALINAS. 

The  Salinas  Valley  stretches  in  a  southeasterly  direction  from  Monterey  Bay  for  a  distance 
of  75  miles  or  more,  having  an  average  width  of  10  miles.  On  the  west  side  of  the  valley  rises 
the  Santa  Lucia  Range,  with  an  altitude  of  about  5,000  feet,  while  on  the  east  rises  the  Gabilan 
Range,  of  somewhat  less  elevation. 

The  city  of  Salinas  has  a  mean  annual  temperature  of  56°,  based  upon  records  extending 
over  a  period  of  twenty-six  years.  The  coldest  month  is  January,  with  a  mean  temperature  of 
48°,  and  the  warmest  July,  63°.  The  highest  temperature  recorded  is  96°,  and  the  lowest  20°, 
giving  an  absolute  range  of  76°.  The  date  of  the  first  killing  frost  reported  during  the  past 
winter  was  December  6.  Killing  frosts  in  the  spring  may  occur  as  late  as  the  beginning  of 
April. 


LOCAL    CLIMATOLOGY. 


149 


The  mean  annual  rainfall  is  14.12  inches.  This  amount  has  been  exceeded  13  times  in  the 
past  twenty-six  years.  The  rainfall  is  fairly  well  distributed  for  agricultural  purposes.  July 
and  August  are  practically  rainless.  Twice  in  the  past  quarter  of  a  century  the  annual  rainfall 
has  not  amounted  to  7  inches,  viz,  in  1898,  when  but  6.94  inches  fell,  and  1877,  when  but  6.61 
inches  fell.  Both  of  these  were  unusually  dr\-  years  in  California.  In  June,  1884,  2.66  inches 
of  rain  fell.  The  two  months  of  greatest  rainfall  were  February,  1878,  when  8.77  inches  fell, 
and  December,  1889,  when  8.72  inches  fell.  No  rain  fell  during  the  months  of  December.  1874, 
and  February,  1896.  During  December,  1876,  only  a  trace  of  rain  fell. 

The  prevailing  wind  direction  is  from  the  south.  In  the  summer  months  west  and  north- 
west winds  are  most  prevalent,  but  from  November  to  March  south  winds  prevail.  The  largest 
number  of  rainy  days  occurs  with  south  winds.  During  the  past  three  years  the  average  number 
of  rainy  days,  i.  e.,  days  on  which  0.01  inch  or  more  of  rain  fell,  were  January,  7;  February,  4; 
March,  5;  April,  2;  May,  1;  June,  1;  July,  none;  August,  none;  September,  1:  October,  6; 
November,  4:  December,  4.  The  number  of  clear  days  in  January  averages  16:  in  May,  11;  in 
June,  20;  in  October,  16. 

MEAX  MONTHLY  AND  AXXUAL  TEMPERATURE  (DEGREES  FAHRENHEIT). 


Year.                           Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1874                                         51.0 

49.7 

51.5 

57.2 

62.3 

64.2 

63.7 

64.7 

65.0 

61.0 

54.2 

46.1 

57.6 

1875                                47.8 

56.5 

50.6 

54.9 

55.2 

59.5 

58.6 

56.1 

56.0 

55.3 

56.0 

53.0 

55.0 

1876                  48.4 

53.0 

53.0 

57.0 

58.8 

63.6 

63.9 

61.8 

62.4 

59.8 

52.9 

50.0 

57.0 

1877                                   54.6 

56.0 

58.0 

55.0 

59.4 

65.1 

64.3 

61.8 

64.4 

56.9 

57.6 

51.3 

58.7 

1878                       51.6 

52.0 

54.0 

55.8 

58.4 

58.7 

60.3 

59.6 

59.7 

61.3 

54.7 

50.3 

56.4 

1879      48.2 

53.3 

56.4 

57.5 

57.5 

57.8 

57.8 

60.3 

60.2 

56.5 

51.7 

49.5 

55.6 

1880                                  46.7 

47.1 

48.4 

53.9 

58.5 

55.9 

57.1 

58.8 

56.9 

57.4 

51.5 

52.2 

53.7 

1881             52.5 

54.0 

53.9 

57.5 

59.4 

61.7 

62.9 

59.9 

58.0 

50.0 

49.2 

46.8 

55.5 

188<>                                              44.0 

44.9 

52.4 

54.7 

62.8 

60.8 

63.0 

59.5 

60.1 

54.9 

49.2 

50.9 

54.8 

1883                     44.3 

48.0 

54.8 

54.9 

68.2 

64.4 

62.5 

61.9 

62.0 

56.0 

50.8 

49.4 

56.4 

1884                                                          46  5 

49.3 

53.9 

56.4 

63.3 

63.9 

63.4 

63  1 

61.4 

58.9 

52.7 

49.0 

56  8 

1885                              47.6 

49.0 

53.7 

61.0 

61.3 

61.7 

63.4 

61.2 

62.4 

54.0 

51.9 

49.8 

56.6 

1886                     47.9 

52.0 

49.8 

55.2 

61.8 

58.4 

62.7 

•  66.1 

63.5 

56.5 

49.2 

51.8 

56.2 

1887                                              47.  7 

45.2 

55.1 

54.6 

60.5 

64.2 

60.1 

59.3 

60.3 

61.1 

51.3 

45.8 

55  4 

1888                                  !      44.1 

49.7 

48.6 

56.2 

58.1 

68.4 

66.2 

60.3 

59.3 

57.3 

50.8 

52.2 

55.9 

1889                                                          44  0 

47  8 

53.9 

57.8 

59.0 

60.1 

60.3 

60.0 

65.0 

58.4 

53.6 

51.2 

55  9 

1890                                                 -         43.9 

46.2 

51.7 

55.7 

57.5 

58.8 

63.1 

60.4 

60.8 

59.9 

50.8 

49.3 

54.8 

1891                           47.6 

47.1 

52.7 

53.1 

57.9 

64.5 

63.1 

6L7 

57.9 

52.9 

51.7 

44.6 

55.0 

1892                                                          47  5 

50.5 

53  4 

57.3 

64.4 

62.1 

63.4 

62.6 

59.8 

53.0 

49.5 

47.5 

55.9 

1893                         .                         J      47.1 

45.1 

47.7 

50.0 

61.2 

64.6 

63.9 

64.8 

63.1 

56.6 

56.9 

49.7 

55.9 

1894           47.9 

49.6 

50.6 

5L6 

54.7 

60.2 

63.6 

64.7 

63.1 

56.3 

53.0 

49.5 

55.4 

1895                                                          46  5 

53.9 

55.9 

58.4 

62.1 

63.3 

63.4 

60.4 

61.7 

58.0 

50.3 

45.5 

56.6 

1896                         51.8 

51.8 

52.7 

48.3 

58.5 

55.3 

60.5 

63.4 

62.0 

56.3 

51.1 

47.7 

55.0 

1897                                                          44.7 

43  9 

44.1 

58.7 

61.0 

67.6 

65.8 

65.6 

63.1 

59.2 

50.6 

48.2 

56.0 

1898                                                          45.4 

55.2 

53.4 

58.0 

55.7 

63.2 

63.3 

64.0 

61.0 

61.7 

51.8 

46.4 

56.6 

1899  50.  6 

52.4 

54.1 

58.3 

60.8 

61.4 

66.5 

60.4 

58.6 

55.5 

60.5 

58.6 

58.1 

Mean  47.7 

50.1 

52.  5 

55.7 

59.9 

61.9 

62.6 

61.6 

61.1 

57.1 

52.6 

49.5 

56.0 

150 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 

MINIMUM  TEMPERATURE  (DEGREES  FAHRENHEIT). 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

1872 

47 

54 

56 

52 

47 

36 

32 

22 

1873 

36 

30 

36 

63 

62 

46 

30 

35 

36 

1874 

31 

32 

33 

43 

45 

50 

52 

52 

48 

46 

33 

23 

1876       

28 

32 

32 

33 

48 

49 

52 

51 

50 

39 

38 

31 

1876             

30 

30 

32 

40 

44 

40 

61 

52 

51 

42 

35 

31 

1877           

21 

25 

37 

44 

47 

52 

54 

54 

50 

35 

34 

34 

1878 

30 

28 

37 

41 

48 

51 

51 

52 

50 

42 

30 

26 

1879           

26 

29 

32 

44 

45 

52 

52 

53 

50 

42 

30 

20 

1880             

25 

25 

32 

41 

44 

49 

52 

52 

45 

41 

28 

38 

1881          

32 

36 

32 

45 

45 

52 

52 

51 

44 

31 

29 

33 

1882              

22 

28 

32 

42 

44 

53 

53 

52 

50 

40 

30 

28 

1883         

20 

24 

44 

40 

45 

53 

54 

52 

50 

38 

29 

32 

1884                    

30 

25 

34 

44 

50 

54 

53 

54 

45 

37 

40 

26 

1885           

33 

32 

36 

41 

50 

51 

54 

57 

46 

38 

30 

32 

1886                     

29 

38 

35 

38 

49 

ftl 

52 

54 

46 

39 

31 

39 

1887          

28 

29 

33 

40 

44 

50 

43 

53 

47 

42 

28 

32 

1888                        

22 

35 

30 

42 

51 

51 

54 

52 

47 

40 

31 

38 

1889                 

28 

30 

43 

48 

50 

51 

53 

52 

48 

44 

38 

35 

1890            

30 

30 

38 

47 

48 

50 

58 

55 

52 

42 

40 

40 

1891                

30 

32 

42 

44 

48 

55 

54 

51 

46 

40 

40 

25 

1892         

32 

38 

42 

•  47 

48 

54 

55 

52 

52 

34 

36 

30 

1893                 

36 

32 

38 

42 

54 

55 

56 

52 

55 

40 

39 

35 

1894         

26 

34 

37 

40 

45 

50 

54 

52 

50 

44 

38 

32 

1895                    

32 

38 

40 

48 

49 

52 

50 

50 

50 

42 

35 

30 

1896               

29 

36 

37 

35 

45 

40 

45 

53 

52 

45 

32 

36 

1897 

36 

35 

35 

40 

50 

52 

50 

51 

50 

40 

32 

25 

1898               

27 

31 

32 

43 

45 

51 

50 

52 

50 

49 

31 

27 

1899 

27 

31 

40 

48 

50 

50 

55 

50 

45 

40 

40 

33 

f   M 

24 

30 

33 

44 

40 
1876 

43 
1 

50 
f  1895 

44 
I 

30 

28 

(  1880 

20 
I 

1  1883 

1883 

1888 

1875 

(«) 

1896 

\  1887 

|  1899 

\  1881 

1873 

1  1887 

\   1879 

MAXIMUM  TEMPERATURE  (DEGREES  FAHRENHEIT). 


1872 

84 

90 

71 

79 

80 

87 

82 

80 

1873  

76 

70 

84 

90 

78 

79 

76 

87 

84 

66 

1874 

66 

66 

70 

70 

82 

79 

77 

76 

88 

85 

75 

73 

1875  

66 

71 

78 

80 

77 

78 

70 

76 

77 

79 

70 

68 

1876  

62 

69 

73 

79 

68 

79 

76 

75 

89 

76 

81 

76 

1877 

77 

73 

70 

64 

70 

88 

76 

79 

87 

79 

78 

69 

1878  

67 

63 

74 

72 

70 

71 

70 

71 

76 

85 

78 

80 

1879 

64 

72 

80 

70 

75 

10 

78 

72 

87 

80 

90 

75 

71 

1880  

74 

64 

65 

64 

87 

76 

72 

70 

71 

86 

83 

70 

1881 

68 

75 

78 

76 

73 

74 

86 

70 

78 

70 

74 

72 

1882  

65 

66 

76 

70 

72 

71 

72 

73 

74 

81 

75 

76 

1883  

66 

81 

84 

68 

85 

94 

74 

78 

96 

76 

75 

75 

1884  

65 

76 

72 

72 

80 

7° 

75 

76 

75 

84 

80 

66 

1885  

70 

75 

82 

82 

76 

73 

73 

76 

8° 

1886  

68 

73 

68 

75 

77 

71 

76 

78 

88 

69 

80 

78 

1887  

70 

72 

82 

70 

70 

78 

7° 

70 

78 

78 

1888  

63 

74 

70 

79 

75 

84 

1889  

64 

76 

77 

76 

87 

75 

78 

75 

78 

65 

1890  

59 

63 

67 

71 

1891  

62 

62 

65 

64 

76 

90 

90 

90 

70 

65 

68 

64 

1892  

62 

69 

70 

75 

75 

85 

1893  

58 

62 

70 

6° 

70 

75 

80 

80 

74 

76 

70 

65 

1894  

63 

62 

65 

65 

85 

1895  

62 

78 

72 

78 

1896  

68 

78 

70 

68* 

95 

78 

6i 

1897  

55 

62 

60 

to 

92 

1898  

68 

77 

68 

80 

70 

76 

1899  

72 

75 

75 

76 

75 

76 

Absolute  maximum  and  date 

f   " 

81 

84 
r  1873 

84 

95 

94 

92 

94 

96 

95 

88 

80 

1  1877 

1883 

1883 

1890 

1896 

1883 

1897 

1894 

1883 

1890 

1895 

1878 

"Several  years. 


LOCAL    CLIMATOLOGY. 
MONTHLY  AND  ANNUAL  PRECIPITATION  (INCHES  AND  HCNDREDTHS). 


151 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

NOT. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1873                                    

3.40 

2.12 

0.80 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.10 

0.10 

0.20 

4.25 

10.97 

1874 

3.42 

1.03 

2.15 

0  95 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1.83 

1.42 

0  00 

10  80 

1875                                

4.30 

0.15 

0.40 

1.42 

0.00 

0.26 

0.00 

0.00 

0.14 

0.00 

5.17 

1.98 

14.02 

1876 

6  16 

3.55 

4  52 

1  42 

T 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0.05 

1  04 

0  05 

T 

16.79 

1877 

2.54 

0.16 

0.30 

0.10 

0.20 

0.00 

T 

T. 

0.00 

0.12 

1.00 

2.39 

6.81 

1878 

7  05 

8.77 

2.57 

1  92 

T 

0  00 

0  00 

T 

0  05 

0  60 

0  20 

0  35 

21  51 

1879 

2.42 

2.81 

1.85 

1.69 

0.82 

0.15 

0  00 

0.00 

T 

1  05 

1.08 

2.28 

14  15 

1880                                  

1.65 

1.16 

1.64 

3.90 

0.46 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

T. 

0.57 

5.56 

14.94 

1881 

3  32 

2.32 

1  26 

0  66 

0  00 

0  38 

0  00 

0.00 

0  10 

0  28 

0  67 

1  24 

10  23 

1882                                       

17R 

2.31 

4.86 

1.01 

0.49 

0.19 

0.00 

0.00 

0.38 

1.43 

0  65 

0.90 

14  00 

1883 

0  91 

0.95 

•• 

1  28 

1  98 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  19 

1  19 

0  25 

1  95 

10  96 

1884 

1  70 

4  49 

5  09 

3.05 

0  72 

2.66 

0  00 

0  18 

0  11 

1  79 

0  28 

4  46 

24  53 

1885  

1.09 

0.05 

0.19 

1.21 

0.12 

0.00 

0.05 

0.00 

0.02 

0.08 

6  60 

1.30 

10.71 

1886 

5.10 

1.47 

2.16 

3  83 

0  20 

0  00 

T 

0  00 

0  00 

0  62 

0  82 

0.72 

14.92 

1887 

0.75 

4.73 

0.54 

1  63 

0.07 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.71 

0.00 

0  98 

2.16 

11  57 

1888 

4  15 

0.53 

3  28 

0  00 

0  89 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  56 

0  00 

1  64 

2  20 

13.25 

1889 

0.65 

1.65 

3.33 

0  95 

0.68 

0  00 

'  0  00 

0.00 

0  00 

4  20 

2.41 

8.72 

22.59 

1890  

6.19 

3.03 

1.79 

0.60 

0.65 

0.00 

0.00 

T. 

0.29 

0.00 

0.44 

0  05 

15.04 

1891 

0  75 

4.28 

1.05 

2.93 

0  40 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  12 

0  30 

0  20 

5  40 

15  43 

1892             

0.48 

1.48 

2.78 

0.88 

1.29 

0  00 

0.00 

0.00 

116 

0  86 

2.26 

4  30 

14.49 

1893 

0  98 

2.93 

5.12 

1  25 

0  17 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  30 

0  02 

0  63 

1  53 

12  93 

1894 

5.07 

3.30 

0.58 

0.45 

1.53 

0  29 

0  00 

0.00 

0  95 

1  06 

0  45 

4  95 

18  63 

1895  

5.05 

1.33 

2.07 

0.94 

0.45 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.37 

1.00 

0.88 

12.09 

1896 

5.80 

0.00 

1.50 

2.40 

0  47 

0  00 

0  00 

0  36 

0  00 

1  20 

2.64 

1  75 

16  12 

1897  

0.55 

3.07 

3.80 

0.35 

0.00 

0.30 

0  00 

0  00 

0.55 

1.45 

0  43 

0.82 

11  32 

1896 

0  73 

1.58 

0  91 

0  22 

1  08 

0  30 

0  00 

0  00 

0  14 

0  27 

0  31 

1  40 

6  94 

1899             

3.94 

0.50 

4.19 

0.72 

0.71 

0  00 

0.00 

0  00 

0  00 

1  14 

2.77 

I 
1  62 

15  59 

,\  VPTflgp  .  .  , 

2.97 

2  21 

2  26 

1  32 

0  50 

0  17 

T 

0  02 

0  18 

0  78 

1  30 

2.41 

14.12 

SALTON. 

[Data  from  records  of  Southern  Pacific  Railway  Company.] 

Salton  is  situated  in  the  Colorado  Desert,  near  the  southern  line  of  Riverside  County,  on  the 
borders  of  Salton  or  Old  Dry  Lake,  about  100  miles  northwest  of  Yuma,  and  is  263  feet  below 
sea  level.  The  highest  temperature  in  the  past  four  years  was  1263,  July  13,  1900,  and  the  low- 
est 20C.  December  16,  1897.  The  total  rainfall  in  the  last  twelve  years  was  only  30.77  inches,  an 
average  of  2.56  inches  annually. 

MONTHLY  AND  ANNUAL  MEAN  TEMPERATURE  (DEGREES  FAHRENHEIT). 


Year.                           Jan.       Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Ang. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

NOT. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1889                                                          64.  0        67.  9 

67.8 

79.8 

79.2 

92.5 

95.3 

95.6 

86.9 

74.2 

61  9 

57  5 

7fi  Q 

1890                                       !      50.4        57.3 

65.4 

73.4 

81.7 

88.6 

97.2 

89.3 

87.9 

72.6 

62.7 

58  2 

73.7 

1891          53.5        53.3 

66.9 

73.0 

78.7 

86.9 

97.1 

96.1 

86.7 

77.3 

62.4 

53.2 

73  8 

UK                                                          53.2  i      59.3 

66.9 

73.5 

82.8 

..  . 

94.6 

96  5 

92.9 

81  0 

70  3 

57  8 

76  5 

1893                                               .     '      58.4  |      60.7 

66.1 

77.5 

79.2 

95.9 

98.7 

98  9 

90.7 

79  4 

70  7 

66  3 

78.5 

1894        53.2        54.6 

68.6 

80.4 

84.1 

90.3 

100.1 

99.3 

91.4 

82.7 

68.3 

54.2 

77  2 

1895                                                              50:9         60.2 

67.8 

80.1 

90.1 

96.4 

96.5 

97  9 

91  4 

82.7 

69  9 

60  2 

78  7 

1896                                                          63.6  '      65.6 

69.4 

74.0 

84.1 

100.6 

101.2 

98  2 

87.3 

85  3 

70  8 

56  4 

79  7 

1897  54.0        53.8 

59.2 

79.1 

94.0 

98.6 

107.0 

107.4 

99.0 

79.0 

68.7 

52  5 

79  4 

MM  .                                                       49.  1         49.6 

57.8 

82.1 

73.3 

93.7 

100.0 

98  4 

92  4 

-- 

59  1 

46  2 

73  3 

1899                  51.9  i      57.7 

62.6 

75.2 

76.6 

94.0 

102.1 

95.8 

99  9 

78  1 

69  6 

57  8 

76  8 

1900                                                          65  7        65  9 

74.0 

70.3 

93  5 

99  4 

97  0 

90  9 

85  8 

78  9 

67  3 

53.0 

78  7 

Means  (12  vears)  55.7  i      58.8 

66.0 

76.5 

83.1 

93.8 

98.9 

97.2 

91.0 

79.1 

66  8 

56  1 

76  9 

. 

152 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 

MONTHLY  AND  ANNUAL  PRECIPITATION  (INCHES  AND  HUNDREDTHS). 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1889                                      

0.49 

5.12 

1.21 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.30 

0.00 

0.15 

0.13 

3.79 

11.19 

1890 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.60 

0.37 

1.35 

0.00 

0.00 

0.32 

2.64 

1891                                

0.00 

1.87 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.87 

1892 

2.75 

0.43 

0.60 

0.00 

0.10 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

3.  £8 

1893 

0.00 

0.00 

0.22 

0.00 

0.70 

0.00 

0.76 

0.00 

0.12 

0.00 

0.71 

T. 

2.51 

1894                                        

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.23 

0.00 

0.00 

T. 

0.00 

1.30 

1.53 

1895 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

T. 

T. 

0.00 

T. 

1896                           

T. 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

o.uo 

0.00 

0.18 

0.51 

0.00 

0.93 

0.46 

0.62 

2.70 

1897 

1.17 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.05 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.22 

1898 

0  45 

0.00 

0.35 

0.00 

0.00 

T. 

0.00 

T. 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.59 

1.39 

1899                                             

0.30 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.45 

0.00 

0.14 

0.11 

T. 

1.00 

1900 

0.00 

0.00 

0.12 

0.02 

0.00 

0.01) 

0.50 

0.00 

0.00 

0.20 

0.00 

0.00 

0.84 

0.43 

0.62 

0.21 

T. 

0.07 

T. 

0.19 

0.14 

0.13 

0.12 

0.12 

0.55 

2.56 

SAN    BERNARDINO. 
By  Dr.  A.  K.  JOHNSON,  Voluntary  Observer. 

Quoting  from  Professor  Davis,  of  Harvard  College:  "The  average  value  of  the  atmospheric 
conditions  of  a  region  constitutes  its  climate.  The  most  important  climatic  elements  are,  first, 
temperature;  second,  various  forms  of  moisture,  as  vapor,  cloudiness,  and  precipitation;  then, 
wind  in  cyclonic  storms.  The  pressure  of  the  atmosphere  is  not  a  climatic  element  and  needs 
not  to  be  considered  only  with  the  division  of  the  wind  system." 

Taking  up  the  study  of  San  Bernardino  climate  under  this  division,  the  following  tables  will 
show  the  average  temperature  by  months  for  the  past  nine  years,  together  with  the  highest  and 
lowest  record  and  years  in  which  it  occurred: 

MEAN  MONTHLY  AND  ANNUAL  TEMPERATURE  (DEGREES  FAHRENHEIT). 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1892                

52.9 

53.4 

56.5 

59.0 

64.4 

67.7 

73.5 

75.0 

70.6 

61.4 

57.8 

50.4 

61.9 

1893 

53.9 

52.6 

53.8. 

58.8 

64.1 

71  0 

72.3 

75.6 

67  0 

61.0 

54  0 

52.0 

61  3 

1894         

47.0 

47.8 

54.0 

60.3 

62.8 

65.8 

74.6 

75.4 

70.4 

64.6 

60.0 

49.7 

61.0 

1895 

47.7 

54.2 

55.4 

59.2 

66  3 

70  4 

76  0 

74.0 

69  8 

64  6 

56  3 

51  0 

62  1 

1896       

54.2 

56.4 

68.0 

56.0 

64.2 

73.4 

76.8 

75.2 

70.4 

65.4 

56.0 

54.5 

63.4 

1897 

50.8 

49.7 

51  2 

62.0 

66  0 

69  0 

74  8 

77  4 

71  3 

60  3 

56  6 

50  2 

61  6 

1898 

46  7 

56  2 

52  5 

63  9 

61  8 

70  8 

76  0 

78  6 

72  6 

64  4 

56  2 

50  6 

62  5 

1899         

52.7 

53.4 

'54.3 

61  2 

60  4 

70  0 

75  3 

71  4 

75  8 

62  4 

58  8 

54  2 

62  5 

Mean  

50.7 

53.0 

54.5 

60.0 

63  7 

tl'l  S 

74  9 

75  3 

71  0 

63  0 

57  0 

61  6 

69  0 

HIGHEST  AND  LOWEST  TEMPERATURE  (DEGREES  FAHRENHEIT). 


Month. 

Highest. 

Lowest. 

Month. 

Highest. 

Lowest. 

Date. 

Temper- 
ature. 

Date. 

Temper- 
ature. 

Date. 

Temper- 
ature. 

Date. 

Temper- 
ature. 

January  

1898 
a  1896 
M893 
1898 
1896 
1898 
1898 

83 
85 
89 
102 
102 
107 
107 

1895 
1891 
1898 
1896 
1899 
1894 
<-1891 

23 
24 
27 
30 
33 
40 
47 

1898 
1899 
1899 
1898 
1895 

108 
dllO 

100 
92 
84 

1899 
el893 
1899 
/1892 
1891 

42 
42 
33 
29 
23 

February  

March  

October 

April  

May  

Annual  

July  

110 

23 

a  Also  in  1898. 
6  Also  in  18%. 
e  Also  in  1893,  1895,  1899. 


<*The  cause  of  high  temperature  was  an  approaching  thunderstorm,  a  very  unusual  occurrence. 

••Also  in  1894. 

/  Also  in  1895,  1897. 


The  daily  variations  are  considerable,  averaging  20°,  sometimes  running  as  high  as  50°. 
This  makes  the  nights  always  cool  and  pleasant,  and  the  greatest  variations  are  in  the  summer 
months.  While  the  temperature  is  pretty  high  during  the  middle  of  the  day,  yet  the  dryness  of 


LOCAL    CLIMATOLOGY. 


153 


the  atmosphere  causes  evaporation  from  the  body,  so  the  heat  is  not  oppressive  and  sunstroke  is 
unknown.  Although  it  is  more  comfortable  in  the  shade,  yet  the  workmen  are  not  bothered  by 
the  heat,  as  the  writer  observed  some  painters  at  work  painting  a  tin  roof  without  any  serious 
inconvenience  with  the  thermometer  standing  at  107°  in  the  shade. 

The  temperature  should  be  compared  with  the  humidity  table,  which  will  show  how  dry  the 
atmosphere  is  during  the  hottest  part  of  the  day. 

The  relative  humidity  was  observed  for  three  years,  1892,  1893,  1894.  The  following  table 
will  show  the  monthly  average  (per  cent)  at  observations  taken  at  8  a.  m.,  12  m.,  and  8  p.  m. : 


Month. 

Time  of  observation. 

Mean. 

Month. 

Time  of  observation. 

8  a.  m.    '.     12  m. 

1 

8  p.  m. 

8  a.  m. 

12  m.        8  p.  m. 

January  

69.6 
77.9 
76.5 
71.8 
77.1 
71.8 
65.8 

45.3 
54.6 
58.8 
45.8 
53.0 
45.1 
38.7 

67.5 
77.7 
79.2 
74.9 
76.6 
68.5 
62.2 

60.8 
70.1 
71.5 
64.1 
68.9 
61.8 
55.5 

73.2 
71.6 
73.3 
68.7 
77.2 

44.5 
41.5 
48.3 
42.0 
56.3 

65.6  i  61.1 
68.2  |  60.4 
74.4  65.3 
69.0  59.9 
72.  7  68.  9 

February  

March  .-  

October 

April  

May  

Annual. 

July  

72.9 

47.8 

71.4  64.0 

It  will  be  seen  that  the  mean  at  8  a.  m.  averages  72.9  per  cent  and  71. -i  per  cent  at  8  p.  m., 
while  at  noon  it  averages  47.8  per  cent.  This  explains  why  invalids  should  not  be  out  of  the 
house  before  8  or  9  a.  m.  and  be  in  the  house  before  8  p.  m. 

The  rainfall  each  year  is  mostly  during  the  winter  months,  although  there  are  eight  months 
that  average  over  half  an  inch,  the  heaviest  fall  being  in  January.  Instead  of  naming  the  seasons 
winter  and  summer,  they  are  called  the  wet  and  dry  seasons,  but  the  season's  rainfall  is  dated 
from  Julj'  1  and  continues  until  the  next  June  30. 

MONTHLY  AND  ANNUAL  PRECIPITATION  (INCHES  AND  HUNDREDTHS). 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Deo. 

Annual. 

1871  

6.91 

2.21 

0.19 

0.34 

0  11 

0  07 

0  00 

0  04 

0  13 

0  GO 

0  88 

3  91 

15  39 

1872  .  .. 

0  00 

2  20 

0  37 

0  79 

0  06 

0  00 

0  00 

0  18 

0  04 

0  00 

1  17 

4  40 

1873 

6  50 

1  25 

0  51 

0  84 

0  21 

0  00 

0  00 

1  06 

0  02 

0  01 

5  73 

1874 

5  51 

8  76 

1  08 

0  48 

0  42 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  06 

1  82 

1  88 

o  20 

1875  

7.20 

0.15 

0  22 

0  07 

0  05 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

7  50 

0  0° 

15  °1 

1876 

6  55 

1  92 

3  41 

0  44 

0  03 

0  03 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  20 

0  40 

0  00 

1877  

3.50 

4  03 

0  83 

0  26 

0  30 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  86 

0  50 

3  95 

14  23 

1878 

r>  OO 

6  68 

2  57 

1  71 

0  66 

0  07 

0  07 

0  00 

0  14 

0  05 

4  70 

1879  

3  59 

1  00 

0  50 

1  20 

0  24 

0  03 

0  11 

0  02 

0  01 

0  94 

3  40 

6  50 

17  54 

1880  

1.56 

1.33 

1  45 

5  00 

0  04 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  14 

0  67 

8  80 

18  99 

1881  . 

1  40 

0  36 

1  66 

0  46 

0  01 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  80 

0  27 

0  50 

5  46 

18*2  

1.11 

2.65 

3  30 

2  91 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  10 

0  15 

0  45 

10  67 

1883.  . 

1  60 

1  10 

2  82 

2  95 

0  00 

0  00 

0  19 

0  00 

0  09 

2  63 

1884  

1  63 

12  20 

9  95 

5  68 

3  17 

0  59 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  11 

3  75 

37  08 

1885 

2  79 

0  11 

0  28 

1  89 

1  69 

0  19 

0  00 

0  00 

0  39 

1886  

6  44 

2  52 

4  18 

2  36 

0  32 

0  16 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  11 

0  61 

16  70 

1887 

0  39 

6  44 

4  41 

1  90 

0  42 

0  22 

0  11 

1  17 

1888  

4  01 

3  60 

3  41 

0  58 

0  52 

0  03 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  05 

4  12 

4  64 

1889  

0.93 

1  50 

6  55 

2  05 

1  13 

0  00 

0  17 

0  63 

0  11 

2  30 

2  23 

10  85 

28  45 

1890  

5  44 

2  52 

0  89 

0  00 

0  31 

0  00 

0  13 

2  16 

0  88 

0  58 

1  27 

3  02 

1891  

0.00 

7  78 

0  06 

0  53 

1  67 

0  00 

0  00 

0  91 

0  93 

T 

T 

1  67 

13  55 

1892  

3  24 

3  30 

1  75 

0  37 

2  10 

0  08 

0  00 

0  00 

1893  

4  53 

3  37 

8  00 

0  48 

0  03 

0  00 

0  20 

0  00 

0  05 

1  05 

0  30 

o  28 

1894  

1  26 

0  88 

1  15 

0  40 

0  56 

0  00 

0  00 

0  16 

7  25 

1895  

7  39 

1  14 

3  44 

0  64 

0  44 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1  14 

0  66 

1896  

2  02 

0  00 

2  92 

0  37 

1  00 

0  00 

T 

0  17 

1897.. 

3  40 

5  40 

3  41 

0  08 

1898  

2  10 

0  60 

0  97 

0  48 

1  08 

0  00 

1899... 

2  03 

0  51 

3  22 

0  07 

Mean 

3  32 

2  95 

o  53 

1  22 

154 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 


The  following  table  shows  the  average  clear,  fair,  and  cloudy  days;  also  days  on  which  0.01 
inch  or  more  of  rainfall  occurred: 


Month. 

Clear. 

Partly 
cloudy. 

Cloudy. 

Rainy. 

Mouth. 

Clear. 

Partly 
cloudy. 

Cloudy. 

Rainy. 

18 

6 

7 

7 

24 

6 

1 

1 

17 

7 

4 

5 

September  

21 

8 

1 

1 

13 

12 

6 

7 

19 

9 

3 

2 

April 

19 

9 

2 

3 

November  

21 

6 

3 

2 

May 

19 

9 

3 

2 

December  

17 

10 

4 

4 

June  

24 

6 

0 

1 

A                      1 

July 

23 

7 

1 

1 

1 

The  prevailing  direction  of  the  wind  is  from  the  west  and  southwest  in  summer  time;  it 
drifts  in  from  the  ocean  60  miles  away,  greatly  modifying  the  temperature.  After  the  sun  goes 
down  a  gentle  breeze  comes  down  from  the  mountains  from  the  north  and  east,  so  that  the  air  is 
hardly  ever  stagnant. 

During  the  fall  and  winter  north  winds  are  frequent,  but  are  regarded  as  beneficial  in  puri- 
fying the  atmosphere,  the  same  as  thunderstorms  in  the  East. 

SANTA  CRUZ. 

[Data  from  records  of  Mr.  RALPH  SPRINGER  and  the  Southern  Pacific  Railway  Company.] 

Santa  Cruz,  the  county  seat  of  Santa  Cruz  County,  is  an  important  city  on  Monterey  Bav, 
about  80  miles  south  of  San  Francisco,  in  latitude  37°  north,  longitude  122°  02'  west;  elevation 
about  18  feet  above  sea  level. 

The  mean  annual  temperature,  based  upon  records  covering  twenty-eight  years,  is  58.2°,  or 
about  2°  higher  than  San  Francisco.  The  warmest  month  is  August,  with  a  mean  temperature 
above  64°,  but  June,  July,  and  September  all  have  temperatures  exceeding  63°.  The  coolest 
month  in  the  year  is  January,  with  a  mean  of  51.1°.  It  is  apparent  that  the  temperatures  are 
very  equable.  The  winter  months  are  pleasant. 

The  average  annual  precipitation  during  the  past  twenty-three  years  is  26.97  inches,  or 
nearly  4  inches  more  than  the  rainfall  at  San  Francisco.  December  and  January  are  the  months 
of  greatest  rainfall,  and  more  than  half  of  the  annual  rainfall  occurs  during  December,  January, 
and  February.  The  annual  rainfall  has  varied  from  13  inches  to  44  inches.  More,  than  20  inche* 
of  rain  have  fallen  during  eighteen  of  the  twenty-three  years. 


LOCAL    CLIMATOLOGY. 
MONTHLY  AND  ANNUAL  MEAN  TEMPERATURE  (DEGREES  FAHRENHEIT). 


155 


Year.          ,  Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

M.y. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1873                      86  0 

51  9 

57  0 

58  9 

82.4 

64  7 

63  2 

66  0 

61  3 

58  4 

55  3 

53  2 

59  0 

1874                ^  51.6 

54.0 

55.2 

62.0 

64.7 

66  1 

66  6 

66  8 

65  4 

57  1 

62.8 

50  9 

60  3 

1875  50.0 

54.4 

49.5 

60.4 

65.2 

64.4 

64.3 

68.7 

63.3 

59.8 

58.5 

55.7 

1876                54.4 

54.9 

52.2 

58.6 

59  2 

60  2 

61  8 

63.0 

61  3 

59  4 

52  8 

55  2 

57  8 

1877                       56  4 

57  6 

60  6 

61  7 

60  2 

63  3 

64  3 

64.7 

63  3 

59  8 

55  6 

•,  •  - 

60  0 

1878              51.6 

55.2 

56  1 

59.5 

61  4 

63  8 

61  4 

59  8 

61  1 

59  0 

53  6 

48  5 

57  8 

1879  46.7 

54.9 

57.4 

57.9 

58  8 

02.5 

64.5 

65.5 

64.5 

60.4 

53.2 

48  2 

57  9 

1880            46.3 

47.8 

49.9 

55  4 

60  0 

62  7 

62.7 

63  5 

61  7 

61  3 

54  1 

54.3 

56  6 

1881  54.1 

57.9 

58.2 

62.9 

63.9 

62.9 

64.5 

66.8 

..  - 

57.4 

54.9 

52.1 

59  7 

1882                       48  7 

47.0 

53.2 

55  6 

51  4 

62.3 

64  0 

63  7 

62  2 

60  0 

54  1 

53  6 

56  3 

1883  49.1 

49.7 

56.4 

56.8 

59  5 

65  4 

64  7 

64  2 

65.5 

58.7 

54.9 

54  1 

58  2 

1884                       52  5 

53  5 

55  7 

57  7 

6°  6 

63  9 

65  1 

66  1 

62  6 

60  1 

56  3 

52.7 

59  i 

1885  52.7 

51.5 

58.6 

60.6 

62  4 

64  5 

66  6 

65  6 

64  7 

.  62.5 

58  4 

53.2 

60  4 

1886                     •   53  6 

57  8 

53  7 

57  8 

62  4 

66  4 

66  6 

65  0 

59  7 

56  7 

55  7 

54  9 

59  - 

1887  i   52.2 

49.3 

58.2 

57.7 

59  7 

63  9 

61  9 

62.3 

65  1 

64.4 

55  7 

53  0 

58  6 

1888                     ,   49  2 

53  1 

54  8 

59  3 

59  3 

67  5 

66  4 

64  4 

65  8 

66  3 

58  0 

57  1 

60  1 

1889.                       50.  9 

52.9 

56  3 

59.7 

59  3 

63  6 

67  1 

65  2 

67  5 

61  9 

55  9 

55  0 

59  4 

1890                       49  6 

5>  0 

54  5 

58  1 

62  6 

61  9 

69  5 

68  3 

68  1 

61  2 

57  0 

53  1 

59  7 

1891            .  .          49  2 

50  6 

53  4 

54.7 

57  8 

63  5 

63  8 

66  2 

61  8 

58  9 

54  7 

50  4 

57  1 

1892  50.5 

52.4 

53.9 

55.4 

58  0 

60.1 

61  8 

61  6 

61  1 

58  0 

53  7 

49  7 

56  4 

1893                     :   50  2 

49  4 

51  9 

54  6 

58.5 

60  5 

62.6 

63  1 

60  8 

58  0 

56  0 

54  0 

56  6 

1894  48.8 

49.4 

52.3 

58.1 

59  2 

62.0 

63  8 

65  4 

64  6 

61  4 

58  7 

54.2 

58  2 

1895  ,  50.8 

54.8 

54.9 

57.2 

61.0 

62.5 

64.1 

62.8 

64.2 

61  2 

55  3 

50  7 

58  3 

1896  53.0 

55.2 

55  0 

53.1 

57  2 

60  6 

63  9 

64  8 

61  3 

58.3 

52.6 

53  4 

57  4 

1897.                       49.  5 

50.2 

49.2 

57.6 

59.3 

62.8 

61.9 

63.0 

63  7 

55  6 

51  7 

49  4 

56  2 

1898                       46  " 

52.5 

51  6 

57  4 

55  8 

63  ' 

62.0 

63  5 

62.8 

61  * 

53.0 

48  2 

56  4 

1899  51.8 

50.4 

50.6 

55.2 

53.6 

58.6 

60  0 

62.0 

61  3 

56  0 

55  4 

49  6 

55  4 

1900                       53  0 

52.4 

55  8 

53  8 

59  4 

62  1 

60  7 

62.8 

62.4 

57  8 

55  5 

50  •> 

57  2 

Mean  (28  vears)          51  1 

52.7 

54.5 

57  8 

59  8 

63  1 

63  9 

64.5 

63  1 

59  7 

55  5 

52.4 

58  2 

MONTHLY  AND  ANNUAL  PRECIPITATION  (INCHES  AND  HUNDREDTHS). 


Year.                           Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar.       Apr. 

May. 

June.     July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1878                                                        10  56 

14.71 

4.04        2.06 

0  00 

0  00        0  00 

0  00 

1  27 

2.75 

0  30 

1  34 

37  03 

1879  4.79 

4.42 

3.64        2.14 

1.41 

0  05        0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1  06 

•    3  76 

2  50 

23  77 

1880                                                          1  44 

1  04 

2  12        5  60 

0  70 

0  00        0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  40 

1'  59 

23  89 

1881                                                          9.  38 

3  28 

1.74        2  26 

0.00 

0  99        0  00 

0  00 

0  39 

1  64 

0  96 

5  58 

26  22 

1882  3.08 

3.04 

5.57        2.26 

0.24 

0.07        0.00 

0.00 

0  65 

2.47 

2  28 

1  41 

21  07 

1883                                                          3.57 

0  76 

3  65        1  63 

3  18 

0  02        0  00 

0  00 

0  54 

1  42 

0  95 

1  07 

16  79 

1884  3.30 

5.27 

8.  76         6.  78 

0.11 

2.48        0.00 

0  10 

0  33 

1  37 

0  32 

8  91 

37  73 

1885                                                        '      2.11 

0  41 

0  47         2  43 

0  05 

0  00        0  08 

0  00 

0  07 

0  10 

10  25 

o  90 

18  87 

1886.                                            .            7.60 

0  80 

3.05        7.60 

0.30 

0.00        0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  79 

1  10 

2.20 

23  44 

1887                                                          1  01 

9  62 

0  53        1  90 

0  02 

0.00        0  00 

0  00 

0  42 

0  42 

L21 

4  58 

19  71 

188$                                                          8.00 

1.93 

4.61  '      0.57 

1.08 

0  09        0  00 

0  00 

0  37 

0  00 

6  17 

5  07 

27  89 

1889                                                     •     0  99 

1  37 

6  76        0  84 

1  78 

0  00        0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

9  50 

0  64 

20  38 

44  26 

1890  ,                                                        9.40 

4  90 

5.58        1.06 

1.22 

0.00        0  00 

0  00 

0  80 

0  00 

0  00 

2.34 

25  30 

1891  0.77 

10.68 

1.35        2.57 

0.60 

0.10        0.00 

0.00 

0.70 

0  45 

0  58 

8  10 

25  90 

1892                                                          1  40 

4  60 

2.82        1  83 

3  95 

0.00        0  00 

0  00 

0  25 

0  93 

5  05 

7  15 

27  98 

1893  5.30 

4.25 

9.95        1.65 

0.36 

T.         0.00 

0.00 

0  25 

0  75 

4  40 

3  50 

30  41 

1894                                                          7  02 

8  60 

1.64        0  66 

2.36 

0  72        0  01 

T 

2.77 

3  59 

0  40 

13  71 

41  48 

1895.   .                  .                      9.11 

4.07 

3.08        2.02 

1.15 

0.00         0  00 

0  00 

0.18 

0  49 

1  89 

2.15 

24.14 

18%  8.52 

0.25 

3.69        3.07 

1.66 

T.  '      0.05 

0.73 

0.35 

1.88 

6.79 

4.87 

31  86 

1897     3.72 

4.96 

4.86        0.22 

0.24 

0.10        0.00 

T 

0.17 

1  49 

0  54 

2  13 

18  43 

1898                                                          2.17 

2  67 

1  39        0  52 

1  35 

0  06        0  00 

T 

2.21 

0  40 

0  86 

2  °4 

13.87 

1899                                •                          7.  27 

0.45 

9.31         1.21 

0.95 

0.  14         0.  00 

0  05 

0  00 

7  05 

3  70 

4  42 

34  55 

1900  5.49 

0.99 

3.58        2.21 

0.94 

T.           T. 

T 

0.13 

2.11 

7  87 

2.48 

25  SO 

Average  (23  vears)  5.  04 

4.05 

4.  01         2.  31 

1.03 

0.  21        0.  01 

0.04 

0.52 

2.71 

5  29 

• 

156 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 


STOCKTON. 

The  city  of  Stockton,  latitude  37°  52',  longitude  121°  18'  west,  lies  about  60  miles  east  of 
San  Francisco.  As  the  center  of  the  great  wheat  belt  of  California,  a  record  of  the  temperature 
and  rainfall  conditions  is  of  the  highest  importance.  Rainfall  data  covering  a  period  of  forty- 
nine  years  are  available,  but  it  is  not  known  definitely  to  whom  credit  should  be  given  for  these 
records.  On  the  books  of  the  Weather  Bureau  are  found  the  names  of  Dr.  R.  R.  Reed,  W.  M. 
Trivett,  M.  Walthal,  and  T.  G.  Brown.  Doubtless  there  are  others  to  whom  credit  should  be 
given. 

MONTHLY  AND  ANNUAL  MEAN  TEMPERATURE  (DEGREES  FAHRENHEIT),  1871-1900. 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1871 

46.9 

49.2 

57.0 

60.1 

64.6 

74.4 

73.5 

74.7 

70.7 

63.5 

52.5 

49.2 

61.4 

1872               .  .  -  . 

49.1 

54.1 

56.6 

57.3 

67.7 

72.6 

75.6 

77.7 

71.2 

64.4 

54.2 

46.5 

62.2 

1873 

51.8 

47.7 

57.7 

58.3 

63.6 

69.6 

76.1 

72.0 

72.2 

58.3 

56.5 

47.1 

60.9 

1874      

46.0 

48.6 

52.4 

59.7 

65.7 

71.8 

77.7 

74.3 

75.2 

68.8 

67.3 

47.0 

62.0 

1875              

48.4 

54.0 

54.4 

62.6 

71.7 

72.8 

74.2 

72.5 

70.6 

69.9 

56.6 

50.0 

63.1 

1876 

45.1 

50.5 

55.2 

60.6 

65.0 

77.3 

75.6 

72.0 

69.9 

63.5 

53.5 

45.5 

61.1 

1877      

48.2 

64.9 

61.5 

62.9 

67.2 

71.9 

77.6 

75.6 

72.8 

62.0 

55.8 

48.9 

63.3 

1878 

48.3 

50.9 

54.1 

56.7 

62.0 

69.0 

72.5 

69.2 

67.6 

60.5 

53.6 

46.0 

59.2 

1879 

44.1 

64.0 

56.6 

57.1 

58.1 

70.2 

71.0 

74.1 

68.2 

60.0 

50.2 

45.4 

59.1 

1880     .    

44.4 

45.4 

48.8 

54.2 

60.6 

65.1 

70.5 

67.6 

70.0 

62.0 

49.0 

50.0 

57.6 

1881 

48.7 

53  7 

57.7 

63.6 

67.4 

65.7 

70.9 

68.0 

67.2 

56.7 

50.9 

44.2 

59.6 

1882   

43.0 

47.0 

54.0 

60.4 

66.5 

67.8 

74.2 

74.2 

68.6 

55.5 

50.0 

48.2 

59.1 

1883 

43.2 

46.1 

54.8 

52.8 

61.0 

70.0 

72.3 

70.6 

72.0 

56.0 

46.9 

46.0 

57.6 

1884  

46.4 

45.9 

53.1 

57.8 

63.1 

64.1 

69.9 

71.6 

63.0 

59.4 

54.7 

48.6 

58.1 

1885 

47.9 

53.5 

57.8 

61.3 

64.0 

67.1 

69.4 

73.1 

68.4 

62.6 

55.3 

50.8 

60.9 

1886 

48  1 

54.1 

63.1 

57.4 

63.8 

72.0 

74  6 

73.1 

68.2 

59.0 

51.0 

50.9 

60.4 

1887 

48.5 

45.9 

68.0 

59.5 

64.0 

68.2 

70.3 

68.4 

68.6 

63.9 

53.4 

46.7 

59.6 

1888 

44.8 

51  1 

53.6 

62.3 

62.0 

68.1 

71.1 

74.9 

72.3 

62.2 

63.3 

49.6 

60.4 

1889  

45.1 

49.2 

55.3 

60.5 

62.9 

70.9 

72.3 

73.2 

74.7 

64.9 

62.2 

55.6 

62.3 

1890 

46.2 

50  2 

51.6 

59.3 

67.8 

70.9 

74.1 

76.0 

56.3 

64.0 

63.9 

45.0 

60.4 

1891 

47  1 

47  4 

55  3 

62.1 

65  4 

71  5 

79  6 

77  0 

71  6 

65  5 

56  1 

47  4 

62.2 

1892 

'47.0 

52.1 

64.4 

55.7 

63.9 

66.8 

71.1 

72.4 

'  67.4 

60.6 

53.8 

47.4 

59.4 

1893 

42  6 

47  8 

62  6 

55  6 

64  2 

68  4 

74  3 

73  4 

64  7 

58  0 

53  0 

48  0 

58.5 

1894  

44.1 

46.2 

62.2 

60.0 

63.6 

64.4 

73.0 

73  0 

70.0 

61.7 

65.6 

46.4 

59.2 

1895 

46  6 

52  2 

53  2 

67.8 

62  6 

71  4 

71  3 

71  7 

65  2 

63  0 

50  8 

43  9 

58.2 

18%  .'  

49.2 

52.8 

55.4 

53.4 

59.8 

70.3 

75.2 

71.2 

66.7 

63.0 

60.9 

48.2 

59.7 

1897 

48.6 

43.6 

51  4 

64  6 

70  5 

73  9 

75  0 

71  2 

68  1 

59  2 

49  3 

43  6 

59.9 

1898 

40  5 

51  8 

51  2 

61  3 

60  6 

69  4 

69  4 

71  4 

67  9 

61  4 

51  6 

42  0 

58  2 

1899  

48.3 

50  4 

52  6 

67  8 

58  6 

71  0 

72  1 

67  2 

71  2 

69  4 

53  8 

43  6 

58  8 

1900 

47  2 

50  1 

54  8 

52  8 

63  8 

69  3 

73  7 

72  8 

69  2 

63  4 

60  2 

42  8 

60  0 

Mean  

46  5 

50  0 

54  5 

58  9 

64  1 

69  9 

72  6 

72  5 

69  0 

61  7 

53  9 

47  1 

60  1 

LOCAL    CLIMATOLOGY. 
MONTHLY  AND  ANNUAL  PRECIPITATION  (INCHES  AND  HUNDREDTHS),  1860-1900. 


157 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1850               

4.50 

0.50 

10.00 

4.25 

0.25 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

T. 

T. 

19.50 

1851                           

~0.65 

0.35 

1.88 

1.14 

0.69 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.00 

0.18 

2.14 

7.07 

15.10 

1852           - 

0.58 

0.12 

6.40 

0.19 

0.30 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

T. 

0.00 

6.00 

13.41 

27.00 

1853                              

2.40 

0.62 

2.02 

2.70 

0.25 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.61 

1.35 

9.95 

1854               

2.64 

8.94 

3.60 

3.24 

0.66 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.13 

0.31 

0.23 

19.75 

1855 

2.90 

2.74 

2.20 

3.29 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.74 

2.42 

14.29 

1856                    

4.50 

0.02 

0.26 

0.16 

0.17 

0.00 

0.10 

0.00 

0.00 

0.45 

0.83 

2.90 

9.39 

1857 

1.38 

4.80 

0.68 

T. 

T. 

0.35 

0.00 

T. 

0.00 

0.66 

2.41 

6.63 

16.91 

1858                      

2.44 

2.46 

2.88 

1.21 

0.20 

0.10 

0.00 

T. 

T. 

3.01 

0.15 

4.33 

16.78 

1859               

0.96 

3.91 

1.64 

0.98 

1.04 

0.00 

0.03 

0.00 

0.02 

0.00 

6.48 

1.83 

16.89 

I860 

2.31 

0.93 

5.11 

2.87 

2.49 

0.11 

0.55 

0.00 

0.06 

0.91 

0.18 

4.28 

19.80 

1861                  

2.67 

2.92 

3.32 

0.48 

0.59 

0.14 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

T. 

2.17 

8.64 

20.93 

1862 

15.04 

4.26 

2.80 

0.82 

1.81 

0.01 

0.00 

0.01 

0.00 

0.36 

0.01 

2.33 

27.45 

1863                  

1.73 

2.75 

2.36 

1.69 

0.36 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

T. 

0.00 

1.49 

1.82 

12.20 

1864           

1.08 

0.18 

1.30 

1.08 

0.74 

0.09 

0.00 

0.08 

T. 

0.12 

6.72 

7.87 

19.26 

1865 

4.78 

0.71 

0.48 

1.37 

0.46 

0.00 

T. 

0.00 

0.08 

0.48 

2.43 

0.36 

11.15 

1866               

7.70 

2.01 

2.02 

0.48 

2.25 

0.10 

0.02 

0.00 

0.00 

T. 

2.43 

9.5, 

26.52 

1867 

3  44 

7.10 

1.01 

1.80 

0.01 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.03 

0.62 

2.16 

6.48 

22.65 

1868                                  .     . 

5.07 

2.28 

3.51 

0.56 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.13 

0.62 

3.45 

15.62 

1869      

4.18 

3.17 

2.49 

1.59 

0.82 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.06 

0.83 

1.55 

15.68 

1870 

0.37 

2.35 

0.99 

0.07 

0.12 

0.31 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.15 

0.67 

1.35 

6.38 

1871             

1.47 

1.70 

0.30 

0.69 

0.40 

T. 

T. 

0.00 

0.00 

0.14 

1.09 

11.49 

17.28 

1872  

2.58 

3.46 

1.43 

0.51 

0.06 

0.04 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.03 

1.37 

6.25 

15.73 

1873 

0.75 

3.97 

0.47 

0.44 

0.00 

0.00 

0.03 

0.00 

0.00 

0.31 

0.76 

3.94 

10.67 

1874      

3.94 

1.78 

3.33 

0.50 

0.58 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.23 

1.09 

3.45 

0.23 

16.19 

1875 

4.54 

0.28 

0.87 

0.00 

0.00 

0.45 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.01 

5.86 

2.85 

14.86 

1876               

3.26 

2.65 

3.23 

0.40 

0.00 

0.00 

0.07 

0.00 

0.00 

2.11 

0.30 

0.00 

12.02 

1877 

3  32 

0.23 

0.75 

0.00 

0.32 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.36 

0.72 

1.31 

7.01 

1878 

5.45 

6.70 

2.56 

1.01 

0.65 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.34 

0.51 

0.42 

17.64 

1879  

2.28 

2.94 

2.06 

1.75 

0.96 

0.20 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.58 

2.05 

1.67 

14.49 

1880 

1  54 

1.32 

0.89 

6.28 

1.01 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.04 

7.09 

18.17 

1881  

2.83 

2.50 

0.82 

1.11 

0.29 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

T. 

0.24 

0.73 

1.65 

10.17 

1882 

1  27 

0  84 

2.64 

2.21 

0.00 

0.11 

0.00 

0.00 

0.50 

1.86 

1.11 

0.27 

10  81 

1883           

2.55 

0.35 

2.55 

1.23 

4.84 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.18 

0.93 

0.51 

1.00 

14.14 

1884 

1  94 

4  43 

6  66 

2  94 

0  50 

1.27 

0.00 

0.00 

0.19 

1.40 

0.00 

5.69 

25  02 

1885           .     . 

1  23 

0  00 

0.26 

0.77 

0.00 

0.05 

0.00 

0.03 

0.00 

0.00 

6.08 

1.24 

9.66 

1886  

5  36 

0.04 

1.21 

3.43 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.22 

0.84 

0.82 

11  92 

1887 

0  36 

3  78 

0  21 

1  57 

0  00 

0.03 

0.00 

0.00 

0.27 

0.00 

0.52 

3.06 

9  80 

1888             

3  36 

0.48 

2.29 

0.28 

0.55 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.88 

0.00 

2.70 

2.42 

12.96 

1889 

0  31 

0  98 

3  98 

0  14 

1  52 

0  06 

0  00 

0.00 

0.00 

3.39 

3  27 

6.17 

19  go 

1890 

4  99 

1  66 

1  26 

1.08 

0.55 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.57 

0.00 

0.00 

2.31 

12  42 

1891  .     . 

0  95 

3.19 

1.14 

1.58 

0.30 

0.05 

0.00 

0.00 

0.20 

0.05 

0.07 

4.58 

12  11 

1892 

0  95 

1  25 

2.50 

0.81 

1.44 

0.36 

0.00 

T 

0.08 

0  79 

3.66 

2.99 

14.83 

1893  

2.68 

2.14 

2.59 

0.96 

0.00 

0.00 

T. 

0.00 

0.13 

0  00 

2.38 

1.42 

12  30 

1894 

3  88 

4  93 

0  45 

0  10 

1  84 

0  70 

0  00 

0  00 

1  76 

1  32 

0  56 

6  80 

22  34 

1895  

5  24 

1.70 

1.00 

0.63 

0.77 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.50 

0  26 

1  09 

1.20 

12  39 

1896 

6  09 

0  19 

1  76 

2.65 

0  96 

0  00 

T 

0  19 

T 

1  11 

2  30 

1  12 

16  37 

1897 

1  81 

2  85 

-- 

0  37 

0  09 

T 

0  00 

0  01 

0  03 

1  37 

0  39 

1  23 

10  93 

1898  

0.61 

1.32 

0.84 

T. 

1.11 

0.03 

0.00 

0.00 

0.35 

0  88 

0  56 

1.50 

7  20 

1899 

3  15 

0  18 

6  58 

0  53 

0.47 

0  20 

0  00 

0  05 

0  00 

3  59 

2  90 

1  83 

19  48 

1900  

2.39 

0.24 

1.73 

1.74 

1.82 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0  04 

0  97 

4.65 

1  08 

14  66 

Mean  

2  99 

2  18 

2.28 

1.29 

0.67 

0.09 

0.02 

0  01 

0  14 

0  62 

3L76 

3  36 

15  40 

158 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 


TRUCKEE. 
[Data  from  records  of  Southern  Pacific  .Railway  Company.] 

Truckee  is  situated  in  Nevada  County,  about  8  miles  southwest  of  Boca,  in  latitude  39°  20' 
north,  longitude  120°  11'  west.  Trout  Creek  joins  the  Truckee  River  at  this  point.  Donner 
Lake  lies  about  2  miles  west  of  Truckee,  just  north  of  the  boundary  line  between  Nevada  and 
Placer  counties.  The  elevation  of  Truckee  is  5,818  feet,  and  of  Donner  Lake  6,095  feet.  The 
general  movement  of  the  air  is  from  the  southwest  down  the  Truckee  Valley,  but  owing  to  the 
topography  of  the  country  there  are  many  local  air  movements.  Killing  frosts  occur  frequently, 
as  at  Boca,  and  low  temperatures  prevail  during  the  winter  months.  The  mean  annual  tempera- 
ture at  Truckee,  based  upon  records  covering  thirty  j'ears,  is  43.9°,  and  is  almost  identical  with 
that  of  Boca  for  the  same  period.  Truckee  is  somewhat  warmer  in  July  than  Boca,  and  a  little 
colder  in  the  winter  months.  The  average  annual  precipitation,  based  upon  records  covering 
thirty-one  years,  is  26.60  inches.  The  month  of  heaviest  precipitation  is  January,  with  an 
average  of  5.61  inches.  The  snowfall  for  the  past  four  years  is  as  follows:  1897,  218  inches; 
1898,  110  inches;  1899,  246  inches;  1900,  132  inches. 

MONTHLY  AND  ANNUAL  MEAN  TEMPERATURE  (DEGREES  FAHRENHEIT). 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

April. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1871             

24.6 

28.3 

32.0 

39.0 

44.2 

56.0 

73.1 

67.1 

61.2 

44.1 

32.8 

27  1 

44  1 

1872      

23.6 

25.1 

28.3 

25.7 

37.6 

49.0 

53.0 

53.0 

50.5 

38.7 

33.3 

29.9 

37  3 

1873               

32.9 

24.4 

33.9 

38.8 

46.3 

65.8 

66.8 

52.5 

54.9 

41.1 

36  6 

24  2 

42  3 

1874     

21.7 

22.6 

26.3 

36.3 

46.6 

53.3 

67.6 

59.3 

58.0 

45.8 

35.7 

28.7 

41  8 

1875            

26.9 

27.7 

32.0 

46.0 

51.7 

56.4 

66.7 

68.0 

56.3 

50.4 

38  0 

32  2 

45  5 

1876     

22.8 

28.1 

30.7 

38.6 

45.9 

60.0 

62.6 

60.? 

64.3 

45.5 

37.6 

31.6 

43  2 

1877             .    ... 

27.6 

33.9 

42.0 

40.2 

45.6 

57.4 

66.6 

62.5 

58.9 

41.5 

39  7 

30  6 

45  5 

1878       

29.5 

30.4 

36.6 

42.0 

57.7 

63.3 

65.7 

67.8 

58.1 

47.1 

40.8 

29.8 

47  4 

1879             

25.1 

34.8 

36.3 

40.5 

46.1 

61.7 

66.8 

66.5 

60.9 

43  5 

33  1 

22  9 

44  8 

1880 

21  8 

21  8 

25  9 

35  3 

46  0 

68  9 

68  2 

63  4 

57  6 

48  5 

30  3 

33  1 

42  6 

1881 

29  4 

34.6 

35.9 

50.0 

54.6 

60.0 

66.1 

61  1 

56  6 

42.6 

29  0 

28  6 

45  6 

1882 

22  0 

22  7 

28  1 

34  4 

51  1 

58  0 

69  9 

66  6 

66  8 

44  8 

35  8 

32  1 

43  4 

1883             

22.9 

21.4 

36.7 

39.7 

47.7 

61.9 

68.1 

61  8 

57.8 

43  5 

33  9 

29  8 

43  g 

1884 

25  6 

21  8 

29.5 

39  7 

50  8 

56  0 

63  2 

65  6 

52  3 

44  1 

37  3 

28  1 

42  8 

1885.  .       

27.6 

34.3 

39.9 

42  8 

49.8 

52.8 

62.2 

61  5 

53  8 

46  8 

36  7 

31  5 

45  0 

1886 

25  6 

32  7 

29  7 

38  4 

51  5 

68  3 

64  9 

61  8 

52  3 

39  1 

39  0 

35  9 

43  5 

1887  

29.1 

24.0 

OD  o 

38.5 

50.0 

57  5 

62  9 

60  0 

52  1 

46  4 

37  8 

25  1 

43  5 

1888 

20  2 

29  6 

33  6 

46  5 

51  6 

66  0 

67  3 

64  9 

61  6 

50  6 

40  0 

34  0 

46  3 

1889  

23.1 

31.5 

41.1 

50.3 

54  5 

70.5 

69  3 

69  2 

61  1 

46  3 

39  4 

29  7 

48  8 

1890.. 

21.7 

25  1 

30  8 

38  8 

47  2 

56  4 

71  3 

64  9 

56  6 

47  1 

37  0 

96  7 

43  g 

1891 

25  4 

27  8 

33  9 

40  8 

49  6 

56  5 

66  0 

66  4 

53  i 

45  9 

38  4 

1892..  

26.6 

32  1 

33  4 

37  2 

48  2 

53  8 

60  3 

66  0 

61  2 

43  9 

38  3 

23  7 

43  7 

1893 

28  4 

25  1 

30  4 

34  9 

45  4 

57  0 

61  4 

66  2 

50  6 

47  3 

37  2 

28  5 

42  7 

1894  

23.2 

23.7 

31  0 

41  7 

47  4 

48  2 

65  5 

65  6 

58  3 

46  7 

38  8 

25  7 

43  o 

1895  . 

22  7 

26  3 

30  5 

38  4 

46  3 

55  7 

61  8 

62  9 

51  6 

47  6 

36  2 

1896 

27  4 

30  8 

34  3 

34  2 

43  7 

60  8 

68  6 

54  6 

47  4 

1897  

25  9 

25  5 

25  7 

40  3 

56  3 

58  5 

63  6 

63  2 

53  8 

41  6 

39  4 

43  3 

1898 

16  4 

32  6 

33  o 

45  2 

46  2 

59  0 

71  4 

1899  

29  1 

39  0 

35  1 

40  8 

44  0 

56  1 

62  8 

63  5 

49  5 

48  4 

43  4 

26  4 

1900  

30  6 

31  5 

33  4 

46  0 

48  6 

55  7 

60  4 

58  2 

53  3 

Means  (30  years) 

25  3 

28  3 

32  9 

40  0 

48  4 

57  4 

65  4 

63  4 

55  9 

LOCAL    CLIMATOLOGY. 


159 


MONTHLY  AND  ANNUAL  PRECIPITATION  (INCHES  AND  HUNDREDTH^). 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

Jun^ 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept.  ' 

Oct. 

NOT. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1870                         

5.90 

6.18 

4.35 

0.12 

2.40 

0.80 

1.30 

0.05 

0.00 

0.00 

0.51 

1.67 

23.28 

1871  

4.80 

4.23 

3.18 

2.00 

0.28 

0.42 

0.00 

0.00 

0  20 

0.02 

5.35 

16.23 

36.71 

1872                         

3.42 

10.49 

3.63 

4.11 

0.60 

0.30 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.40 

0.60 

3.74 

27.39 

1873 

3.78 

9  55 

1  69 

1  36 

0  55 

0  00 

T 

0.00 

0  00 

0.11 

0.42 

8.70 

26  16 

1874                           

9.54 

6.15 

9.35 

2.61 

0  68 

0.11 

0.56 

0.07 

0.04 

2.44 

3.54 

0.60 

35.69 

1875 

8  50 

0  20 

1  20 

0  90 

0  00 

1  81 

0  40 

0.03 

T. 

0.62 

8.94 

4.90 

27  50 

1876                         

9.85 

5.50 

6.95 

1.83 

0.84 

0.01 

0.05 

0.03 

0.03 

3.64 

0.07 

0.05 

28.85 

1877  

9.45 

0.39 

1.84 

1.03 

1.12 

0.36 

0.00 

0.00 

0.04 

0.00 

1.66 

0.24 

16.13 

1878                         

5.97 

11.80 

2.07 

0.80 

1.17 

0.10 

0.00 

0.28 

0.23 

0.75 

2.14 

0.50 

25.81 

1879 

7  70 

2  68 

5  25 

1  55 

0  45 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0.07 

1,40 

3.78 

4  98 

27  86 

1880                            

2.95 

4.65 

4.65 

12.74 

2.50 

0.00 

0.16 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.45 

9.51 

37.61 

1881  

5.71 

2.13 

1.86 

0.49 

0.40 

1.26 

0.18 

0.00 

0.25 

2.50 

2.70 

3.80 

21.28 

1882                                

6.40 

4  95 

12.05 

1.89 

0.85 

0  98 

0.60 

0.00 

0.00 

0.85 

1.04 

0.80 

30.41 

1883    

1.55 

3.05 

1.65 

2.19 

1.13 

0.00 

0.53 

0.00 

0.12 

2.46 

2.50 

1.62 

16.80 

1884                                         

6.65 

11.20 

5  38 

3.90 

0.14 

1.02 

0.00 

0.10 

0.78 

1.50 

0.00 

13.14 

43.81 

1885                   

1.80 

0.54 

0.56 

2.04 

0.08 

0.00 

0.00 

0.25 

0.47 

0.00 

6.95 

2.22 

14.91 

1886 

7  08 

0  50 

2  90 

1  78 

0  60 

0  56 

0  89 

0.00 

T. 

0.85 

1.10 

2.29 

18.55 

1887                           

3.43 

12.25 

0.36 

2.00 

2.04 

0.37 

0.40 

T. 

0.00 

0.00 

0.30 

4.80 

25.95 

1888 

2  35 

0  00 

0  00 

T 

0  70 

0  80 

0  72 

0.20 

0.25 

0.00 

0  10 

1.58 

6.70 

1889                           

0.80 

1.40 

2.51 

1.01 

4.51 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

3.13 

3.29 

14.39 

31.04 

1890 

16  20 

8  90 

7  29 

0  20 

1  44 

0  00 

0  00 

0  22 

0  80 

0.45 

0  00 

3  70 

39  20 

1891                                          

1.22 

8  36 

3.92 

2.17 

2.90 

0.46 

0.00 

0.00 

0.98 

0.05 

0.45 

6.34 

26.85 

1892        

2.65 

2.80 

3.00 

2.96 

4.20 

0.95 

0.00 

0.00 

0.29 

0.37 

5.73 

8.15 

31.10 

1893                                            .    . 

5  44 

8  02 

5.18 

3.73 

1.79 

0  00 

0  00 

0.00 

1.22 

0.35 

3.96 

2.82 

32.51 

1894               

8.06 

10.95 

2.65 

2.15 

1.05 

T. 

0.00 

0.00 

0.13 

1.12 

0.60 

13.95 

40.66 

1895 

11  73 

1  92 

1  72 

0  50 

2  40 

0  00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.32 

0.34 

0.50 

2.96 

23.39 

1896                            

7.07 

0.40 

4.67 

9.36 

0.54 

0.00 

0.15 

0.34 

0.32 

0.40 

3.86 

2.50 

29.61 

1897 

2  35 

7  97 

9  50 

0  30 

T 

0  18 

0  00 

0.00 

T. 

0.55 

3.20 

3.15 

27.20 

1898                                  

1  05 

3  65 

2.05 

0.25 

0.30 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.40 

0.06 

2.95 

1.50 

12.21 

1899  

-  - 

2.70 

9.50 

1.10 

0.75 

0.00 

0.00 

0.92 

0.00 

6.49 

2.80 

1.80 

33.86 

1900 

2  63 

0  80 

4  20 

1  90 

0.80 

1.01 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.02 

2.50 

2.70 

17.56 

5  61 

:     •- 

1  04 

2  22 

1.20 

0.37 

0.19 

0.08 

0.26 

1.03 

o  32 

4.30 

26.  9S 

'     CLIMATE  OF  VISALIA. 
[From  records  of  Mr.  L.  V.  Nanscawen.] 
These  records  were  kept  by  Mr.  L.  V.  Nanscawen,  and  cover  the  period  from  January  1, 

TEMPERATURE. 


1888,  to  July  31,  1898. 


Year. 

Number  of  days  with  maximum  tem- 
perature above  90°. 

Number  of  days  with  minimum 
temperature  below  35°. 

Number  of  days  with 
minimum    tempera- 
ture below  40°. 

May. 

June.     July.      Aug. 

Sept 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Jan.       Feb. 

Oct. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

1888...'  

7 
10 
6 
1 
8 
0 
2 
4 
4 
7 
5 

20 
25 
11 
8 
5 
9 

* 

18 
18 
11 
15 

31 
31 
28 
26 
23 
26 
30 
18 
24 
21 
31 

31 
24 
26 
27 

22 
26 

23 
23 
24 

18 
18 
9 
9 
4 
3 
9 
3 
8 
11 

_ 
8 
0 
1 
0 
6 
5 
7 
6 
15 

11 
12 
13 
10 
9 
9 
5 
24 
12 
- 

13 

17 
17 
14 

5 
21 
18 

4 

11 
11 

29 

9 

'• 
5 
10 
• 
. 
4 
3 
3 
10 
10 

0 

- 
3 
0 
4 
4 
2 
0 
0 
- 

31 
9 
23 
21 
21 
21 
22 
22 
8 
18 
27 

12 
3 
10 
17 
16 
24 
5 
11 
6 
2 
7 

18S9 

1890  

1891  ... 

1892  

1*93 

1894  

1895  . 

18%  

1897  . 

1898 

160 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF   CALIFORNIA. 

WEATHER. 


Month. 

Average  number  days  — 

Month. 

Average  number  days  — 

Clear. 

Parti  y 
eloudy. 

Cloudy. 

Rainy. 

Clear. 

Partly 
cloudy. 

Cloudy. 

Rainy. 

Januar 

11 
12 
12 
16 
19 
22 
22 

5 
2 
4 
3 
5 
3 
5 

15 
14 
15 
11 
7 
5 
4 

6 
5 
6 
3 
2 
0 
0 

August  

20 
20 
19 
15 

8 

6 
6 
4 
5 
5 

( 

5 
8 
10 
18 

0 
1 

2 
2 
8 

September  

Alarch 

October  

April 

November  

May 

December  

June  

196 

52 

117 

35 

July                               

GREATEST  PRECIPITATION  IN  24  HOURS  FOR  EACH  MONTH. 
[Inches  and  hundredths.] 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Greatest 
annual. 

1888             

1.86 

0.15 

0.84 

0.14 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.35 

0.00 

1.46 

0.62 

1.86 

1889       

0.42 

0.24 

0.89 

0.27 

0.70 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

T. 

2.11 

0.22 

0.70 

2.11 

1890           

1.64 

0.41 

0.43 

0.17 

0.29 

0.00 

0.00 

T. 

0.40 

0.00 

0.47 

0.89 

1.64 

1891  

0.46 

0.60 

0.21 

1.05 

0.07 

0.04 

0.00 

0.00 

1.10 

0.00 

0.34 

1.54 

1.54 

1892            

0.20 

0.57 

0.76 

0.35 

0.50 

0.18 

0.00 

0.00 

T. 

0.37 

0.35 

0.92 

0.92 

1893 

0.47 

1.26 

1.47 

0.26 

0.00 

0.00 

T. 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.13 

0.64 

1.47 

1894           

0.59 

0.22 

0.91 

0.21 

0.34 

1.42 

0.00 

0.00 

0.45 

0.28 

0.10 

1.33 

1.42 

1895               .... 

1.32 

1.22 

0.41 

0.24 

0.43 

0.00 

T. 

T. 

0.04 

0.45 

0.64 

0.40 

1.32 

1896  

1.12 

0.04 

0.46 

0.50 

0.11 

0.00 

0.22 

0.10 

0.00 

0.88 

0.92 

0.35 

1.12 

1897               

1.00 

0.54 

0.67 

0.39 

T. 

T. 

T. 

0.00 

0.40 

0.35 

0.40 

0.45 

1.00 

1898 

0.22 

0  39 

0.48 

0.06 

0  71 

0.00 

T. 

1.86 

1  26 

1.47 

1.05 

0  71 

1.42 

0.22 

0.10 

1.10 

2.11 

1.46 

1.54 

Date           

1 

}3  1888 

9  1893 

20  1893 

16  1891 

15  1898 

5  1894 

22  18% 

29  1896 

15  1891 

23  1889 

16  1888 

29  1891 

Year 

MEAN  MONTHLY  AND  ANNUAL  TEMPERATURE  (DEGREES  FAHRENHEIT). 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1888    

37.0 

45.6 

46.7 

62.1 

68.8 

77.8 

85.4 

84.7 

79.5 

65.0 

52.4 

45.4 

62.1 

1889 

42.9 

50.0 

57.5 

62.8 

68.9 

81.2 

83.9 

81.4 

76.4 

57.9 

49.5 

45.6 

63.2 

1890 

39.9 

47  0 

51  5 

57  6 

67  8 

72  9 

80  2 

78.2 

71  7 

62  3 

53  8 

43  4 

60  5 

1891.      

44.4 

46.8 

51.1 

56.1 

65.0 

71.8 

83.0 

81.4 

69.4 

64.5 

52.9 

43.8 

60.9 

1892 

46.6 

50  4 

51  4 

54  5 

64  4 

67  2 

79  0 

78  4 

68  9 

61  8 

54  1 

45  1 

60  2 

1893   

42.0 

47.2 

49.4 

51.1 

64.7 

72.8 

79.3 

78.9 

64.9 

57.8 

50.0 

47  0 

58.8 

1894 

43.0 

46  9 

51  7 

60  6 

67  0 

67  3 

82  3 

79  6 

71  0 

61  0 

54  4 

46  5 

61  0 

1895  

46.2 

51.3 

50.3 

58.7 

67  2 

75  5 

77  1 

76.4 

68  2 

64.8 

48.4 

40.9 

60.4 

1896 

49.7 

53  1 

58  0 

54  0 

64  4 

77  4 

83  3 

78  0 

71  7 

67  2 

48  7 

47  7 

63  6 

1897 

45  0 

48  6 

48  9 

62  0 

69  2 

71  3 

78  6 

78  4 

70  9 

59  2 

50  5 

41  0 

60  3 

1898  

39.4 

51  1 

50  6 

62  5 

63  3 

73  4 

81  4 

Mean  

43.3 

48.9 

51  6 

58  4 

66  4 

73  5 

81  2 

79  5 

71  3 

62  2 

51  5 

44  6 

61  1 

LOCAL    CLIMATOLOGY. 
SUMMARY  OF  MONTHLY  MEANS  AND  EXTREMES  OF  TEMPERATURE. 


161 


Month. 

Highest  monthly 
mean. 

Lowest  monthly 
mean. 

Absolute  maxi- 
mum. 

Absolute  mini-     I 
mum. 
Greatest 

Mean 
daily 
range. 

Mean  of  3  Mean  of  3 
consecu-  consecu- 
tive          live 
wannest     coldest 
days.         days. 

Date. 

Tempera- 
ture. 

Date. 

Tempera- 
ture. 

Date. 

Tempera-|    „.-        Tempera-    ranSe- 
ture.                           ture. 

1896 

1896 
1896 
1889 

1897 

1889 

•--- 
1888 
1888 
1896 
1894 
1896 

49.7 

53.1 
58.0 
62.8 

69.2 

81.2 
85.4 
84.7 
79.5 
67.2 
54.4 
47.7 

1888 

1888 
1888 
1893 

1898 

1892 
1895 
1895 
1893 
1893 
1895 
1897 

37.0 

45.6 
46.7 

51.1 

63.3 

67.2 
77.1 
76.4 
64.9 
57.8 
48.4 
41.0 

15,1893 

24,1896 
25,1896 
25,1898 

22,1892 

f  30,1891 
I  25,1898 
27,1898 

28,1888 

1,1888 
f    4,1889 
[2-t,  1896 
19,1897 

10,1896 

67 

78 
83 
104 

101 

107 
113 
107 
106 
}            92 
80 
70 

(16,1888 
1  26,1898 
22,1897 
22,1898 

|    3-5-6, 
I     1892 

9,1892 

3,1895 
|    26-29- 
1  30,1895 
30,1894 

30,1889 

f    5-20, 
(     1897 

17  40 

23  40 
22  44 
30  55 

35  47 

38  *  52 
50  49 
51  39 
37  42 
34  39 
23  46 
19  39 

18.4 

22.2 
26.1 
29.5 

30.1 

31.1 
31.1 
30.7 
30.1 
27.7 
26.5 
19.7 

57.3 

60.3 
70.3 
80.3 

83.0 

90.0 
90.3 
91.3 
91.0 
74.0 
60.7 
53.0 

23.2 

38.7 
39.7 
45.5 

50.7 

52.3 
67.2 
66.3 
52.7 
51.0 
34.3 
34.5 

Feb 

March 

May  

Jnne   

July  

August 

September 

October 

December  

Annual  

85.4 

1888 

37.0 

|  July  27, 
1     1898 

1     '- 

Jan.  16, 
1888 
Jan.  26, 
1898 

17  55 

26.5 

"Several  years  and  dates. 


*  Several  dates  in  1896  and  1897. 


MONTHLY,  ANNUAL,  AND  SEASONAL  PRECIPITATION  (INCHES  AND  HUNDREDTHS). 


Year.                    Jan. 

Feb.     Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

Season 
of. 

Seasonal. 

1888  3.06 

0.16      1.61 

0.14 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0  00 

0  35 

0  00 

2  39 

1  70 

9  41 

1889  0  n 

0  36       3  46 

0  49 

1  22 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

T 

4  06 

1890                                           3  34 

1  12       1  10 

'  0  25 

0  4g 

0  00 

0  00 

T 

1891  0  57 

2  85       0  66 

1  36 

0  07 

0  04 

0  00 

0  00 

1892  0  25 

1  79      3  01 

0  54 

1  64 

0  18 

0  00 

0  00 

T 

0  39 

1893                                       '    1  28 

1  78      3  61 

0  43 

0  00 

0  00 

T 

1894  j    1  90 

1  03       1  25 

0  21 

0  48 

1  42 

*• 

0  00 

0  00 

0  50 

1895  '    4.30 

1  68      1  61 

0  65 

0  47 

0  00 

T 

T 

0  08 

0  45 

1896..                                           3  02 

0  04       0  99 

1  33 

0  23 

0  00 

0  40 

1897  !    3  51 

2  11       1  93 

0  39 

T 

T 

T 

0  00 

0  40 

0  5| 

1898  0.54 

0.  96      0.  74 

0.08 

0.73 

0.00 

•  -  .-   ., 

Mean  2.04 

1.26  ]     1.82 

0.53 

0.48 

0  15 

0  04 

0  01 

0  32 

0  68 

0  69 

2  04 

10  40 

EXTREMES  OF  PRECIPITATION. 


'  Greatest  monthly        Least  monthly 
precipitation.            precipitation. 
Month. 

Month. 

Greatest  monthly 
precipitation. 

Least  monthly 
precipitation. 

Date.      Amount.      Date. 

Amount. 

Date.      Amount. 

Date. 

Amount. 

January  1895               4.30        1892 

0.25 
0.04 
0.66 
0.«; 

\       0.00 

0.00  ; 

Julv 

1896 
1896 

1891 

1889 

... 

1894 

0.40 
0.10 

1.10 

4.08 
2.39 
3.75 

(«) 
(«) 
\    1893 
|     1896 
(') 
1894 
1895 

0.00 
0.00 

}         0.00 

0.00 
0.10 
0.61 

Febmarv  i      1891               2.85        1896 

March  .                   1893               3  61         1891 

September  

Vav                                                                        i  <u   J    18S8 

October  

'  1892               1'W  j    1893 
June  1894               L42         (a) 

November  

a  In  many  years. 
117*5  —  RnH     T       ii-}           11 

162 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 

TOTAL  NUMBER  OF  DAYS  WITH  PRECIPITATION. 


Month. 

Less 
than 
0.01 
inch. 

0.01  to 
0.10 
inch. 

0.11  to 
0.25 
inch. 

0.26  to 
0.50 
inch. 

0.51  to  1 
inch. 

Over  1 
inch. 

Month. 

Less 
than 
0.01 
inch. 

0.01  to 
0.10 
inch. 

0.11  to 
0.25 
inch. 

0.26  to 
0.50 
inch. 

0.51  to  1 
inch. 

Over  1 
inch. 

8 

14 

19 

16 

9 

3 

July  '.  

4 

1 

2 

0 

0 

0 

4 

14 

20 

13 

4 

1 

August  

2 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

7 

19 

16 

•>o 

11 

0 

September  

10 

4 

0 

5 

0 

j 

April 

7 

10 

12 

6 

0 

0 

October  

8 

4 

3 

5 

3 

J 

May 

6 

g 

4 

g 

3 

0 

November  

1 

7 

6 

7 

2 

1 

2 

1 

1 

0 

0 

1 

December  

8 

23 

23 

19 

16 

1 

NORMAL  MONTHLY  AND  ANNUAL  TEMPERATURE  (DEGREES  FAHRENHEIT). 


Stations. 

Eleva- 
tion. 

Length 
of 
record. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Bee. 

An- 
nual. 

Feet. 

134 

Years. 
23 

54.8 

56.2 

59.2 

62.8 

66.7 

69.8 

72.4 

73.3 

71.9 

66.6 

61.1 

56.9 

"64  3 

208 

1 

46 

22 

46.5 

50.8 

54.4 

59.7 

66.1 

72.0 

75.8 

74.5 

71.1 

63.4 

63.8 

48.3 

61  4 

102 

16 

48.5 

49.5 

52.3 

64.9 

58.8 

62.5 

62.3 

61.4 

60.9 

57.8 

53.0 

49  7 

56  0 

616 

Bakersfield 

404 

12 

48.1 

62.4 

57.9 

64.7 

72.9 

81.9 

88.6 

84.7 

75.8 

66.0 

65  9 

48  2 

320 

14 

47.6 

49.7 

51.7 

54.  0' 

57.3 

60.9 

61.0 

60.9 

61.3 

58.9 

54.6 

48.9 

Biggs 

98 

2 

Bishop 

4,450 

17 

38.2 

44.9 

51.0 

61.1 

69.3 

77.7 

84.6 

81.0 

71.3 

60.6 

49.4 

40  9 

60  3 

4,695 

2 

Bodie  

8,248 

6 

20.2 

23.0 

25.3 

33.8 

41.8 

51.9 

57.6 

54.4 

47.0 

37.7 

30  1 

20  8 

37  1 

5,500 

Byron  

33 

21 

46.4 

50.4 

56.4 

61.5 

67.1 

75.5 

80.9 

77.5 

71.8 

63.3 

63  9 

47  8 

62  8 

1  779 

5 

51.0 

54.7 

56.1 

62.2 

65.0 

75.6 

82  9 

79  1 

75.5 

67  5 

62  6 

54  0 

Caliente        

1,290 

25 

49.4 

51.8 

56.0 

60.9 

70.0 

78.9 

84.8 

83.1 

75.0 

64.8 

55  2 

49  7 

65  0 

363 

29 

48.1 

50.1 

53.5 

57.8 

61.5 

69.6 

72  6 

70  3 

66*7 

60  0 

53  4 

49  9 

Campbell  

194 

4 

4  675 

7 

31.5 

34.9 

37.3 

42.3 

51.9 

60.5 

69  2 

67  9 

68  6 

48  9 

38  9 

30  2 

Chino  

714 

9 

50.4 

53.5 

65.6 

60  8 

64.7 

71.6 

77.1 

75.2 

71  2 

63.8 

66  8 

52  2 

62  8 

1  200 

9 

49.7 

51.6 

53.0 

57.1 

60.7 

66  7 

71  6 

70  6 

69  2 

62  4 

57  3 

51  6 

Cloverdale  

315 

Colfax 

2  421 

30 

44.4 

45.9 

49.1 

54.3 

61  2 

71  2 

75  3 

76  5 

69  5 

59  9 

51  7 

46  6 

Colton  

965 

24 

50.6 

53.2 

57.1 

61.4 

67.5 

73.2 

78.5 

78  9 

73  8 

64  8 

57  5 

53  0 

Corning  . 

277 

15 

45.2 

48.8 

52.6 

60  3 

68.2 

77  3 

83  4 

81  1 

73  9 

64  8 

55  1 

47  3 

1  759 

9 

51  4 

52.1 

53  8 

61  6 

66  7 

74  0 

79  1 

78  3 

73  4 

64  1 

57  9 

Crescent  Citv  

50 

7 

47.2 

47.6 

47.1 

49  0 

51.6 

54  9 

56  5 

57  4 

56  0 

53  o 

50  1 

47  8 

Cuyamaoa  

4,543 

2 

Davisville  

51 

29 

47.6 

51.6 

56  2 

60  8 

67.9 

74  8 

77  9 

74  1 

72  0 

64  9 

55  7 

48  8 

Delano  

319 

25 

47  1 

51  7 

56  8 

62  6 

70  8 

79  y 

85  7 

85  5 

78  6 

66  4 

55  8 

Delta 

1  138 

16 

41  8 

46  5 

50  g 

57  4 

64  8 

72  2 

78  9 

76  3 

59  3 

Drytown 

790 

9 

45.3 

49  3 

51  2 

56  1 

61  0 

68  5 

76  3 

74  6 

68  0 

59  8 

65 

24 

46  3 

49  2 

55  0 

62  4 

70  3 

77  9 

79  7 

Dunsmuir  

2  285 

12 

38.9 

40  8 

44  4 

49  5 

57  5 

63  4 

69  5 

66  9 

60  5 

52  4 

Durham 

180 

6 

45  2 

50  2 

51  1 

57  2 

63  2 

73  4 

79  4 

75  7 

4  750 

g 

34  2 

35  9 

36  5 

Elcajon  

463 

2 

Eldorado 

1  609 

12 

45  8 

48  6 

52  3 

57  8 

Elmdale  

126 

1 

Elmira 

75 

15 

47  9 

51  7 

56  1 

Elsinore  

1  234 

G 

50  3 

53  0 

56  3 

61  7 

66  0 

71  5 

Escondido  ..... 

650 

7 

49  g 

52  0 

54  3 

Fallbrook  

700 

25 

50  1 

51  5 

53  8 

57  3 

61  1 

Farmington  

111 

2° 

45  7 

60  1 

53  9 

Fernando  

1,066 

23 

50  5 

53  0 

56  3 

61  1 

70  1 

Folsom  

182 

12 

47  2 

51  1 

55  9 

Fort  Ross  

100 

g 

48  3 

Fruto. 

624 

12 

Gait  

49 

23 

47  3 

Georgetown  . 

2  750 

28 

Greenville... 

3.600 

33.2 

36.7 

38  ft 

4rt  5 

K9  7 

«J  R 

fiS   A. 

fl9    ^ 

?*fl    7 

JO    7 

jn  A 

QQ   R 

LOCAL    CLIMATOLOGY. 


163 


NORMAL  MONTHLY  AND  ANNUAL  TEMPERATURE  (DEGREES  FAHRENHEIT)— Continued. 


Stations. 

Eleva- 
tion. 

Length 
of 
record. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Ma, 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

An- 
nual. 

fleet. 
100 

Yean. 

8 

44.6 

48.1 

50.3 

54.9 

58.7 

63.9 

66.8 

64.8 

62.8 

59.4 

54.0 

46.0 

56.2 

2,154 

13 

35.0 

39.7 

45.5 

51.8 

61.3 

68.0 

75.3 

75.3 

65.0 

52.1 

42.7 

37.5 

54.1 

Huron  

387 

47.2 

51.4 

55.3 

61.7 

68.3 

78.4 

86.2 

83.0 

74.3 

65.2 

56.2 

47.7 

64.5 

3,907 

5 

40.7 

45.8 

50.0 

57.2 

63.0 

72.6 

79.1 

76.0 

69.0 

59.4 

48.8 

42.0 

58.7 

Indio           

-  20 

23 

52.9 

58.7 

65.3 

72,5 

80.1 

88.3 

94.5 

93.0 

86.5 

75.4 

62.6 

56.6 

73.7 

287 

23 

46.6 

49.2 

53.9 

58.7 

65.0 

73.6 

78.6 

78.  i 

71.6 

62.5 

53.4 

48.2 

61.6 

Iowa  Hill    :  

2,825 

20 

43.4 

45.3 

47.1 

53.7 

59.8 

67.5 

75.2 

74.5 

67.8 

59.5 

51.4 

45.  S 

57.4 

1,975 

9 

41.9 

44.8 

46.8 

53.3 

57.3 

65.4 

72.9 

70.2 

64.7 

57.1 

49.6 

43.0 

65.6 

Keeler                    

3,620 

16 

41.8 

46.5 

52.9 

61.7 

69.4 

77.9 

84.7 

83.4 

73.6 

64.3 

52.5 

43.8 

62.7 

Kennedy  Gold  Mine 

1.500 

9 

43.5 

46.5 

48.4 

53.7 

59.4 

67.8 

75.2 

73.3 

66.9 

59.1 

51.2 

43.9 

57.4 

King  City                   .     .. 

333 

14 

48.4 

48.8 

53.5 

56.2 

59.6 

63.7 

67.0 

66.4 

66.0 

59.3 

53.8 

49.0 

57-6 

Knights  Landing  

45 

23 

46.8 

50.3 

54.8 

59.2 

66.6 

72.3 

77.4 

76.6 

70.9' 

62.7 

54.1 

48.4 

61.7 

1,325 

8 

44.6 

47.5 

49.5 

55.7 

60.8 

69.1 

76.2 

74.7 

67.8 

'60.3 

52.0 

45.5 

58.6 

5,000 

33.4 

35.4 

34.5 

41.3 

47.7 

56.8 

62.5 

59.8 

53.3 

46.6 

39.6 

34.1 

45.4 

600 

6 

48.2 

53.6 

56.1 

62.2 

69.0 

78.2 

83.3 

79.9 

74.4 

67.2 

55.6 

46.4 

64.5 

Lick  Observatory 

4,209 

12 

39.7 

40.5 

41.0 

46.0 

51.6 

60.5 

69.4 

69.1 

61.9 

54.0 

49.4 

42.0 

52.1 

Lodi  

35 

19 

46.2 

50.1 

54.7 

58.3 

63.4 

69.1 

73.7 

73.0 

69.7 

62.3 

53.6 

47.3 

60.1 

LOB  Banos 

121 

14 

46.5 

50.3 

55.8 

63.4 

68.4 

76.9 

81.5 

79.3 

74.0 

64.2 

54.4 

47.1 

63.5 

Los  Gatos  

600 

14 

47.6 

49.6 

51.8 

56.0 

60.3 

65.3 

67.7 

67.2 

65.6 

60.7 

54.3 

48.8 

57.9 

2,850 

42,4 

44.6 

47.5 

54.9 

61.2 

72.3 

80.1 

78.4 

71.2 

60.1 

51.1 

43.4 

58.9 

Martinez 

10 

23 

46.4 

49.2 

52.9 

57.0 

61.2 

66.7 

68.4 

66.5 

64.9 

59.7 

53.0 

47.8 

57.8 

Marvsville 

67 

30 

48.4 

51  3 

57.4 

62.0 

68.8 

76.2 

80.0 

78.9 

74.0 

65.3 

56.4 

49.9 

64.0 

177 

7 

46.7 

49.9 

53.5 

62.2 

68.4 

77.0 

83.1 

78.6 

71.8 

64.1 

54.3 

48.2 

63.1 

Merced  

173 

27 

47.0 

51.0 

55.0 

60.0 

67.3 

75.3 

81.7 

79.3 

73.7 

64.8 

55.4 

48.3 

63.2 

Modesto 

90 

29 

46.6 

50.1 

55.9 

62.2 

69.4 

76.6 

81.5 

79.7 

74.7 

65.3 

55.8 

48.1 

63.8 

Mokelumne  Hill 

1,550 

8 

41.6 

45.1 

46.8 

53.0 

59.5 

69.3 

76.9 

73.1 

65.8 

58.2 

50.5 

43.4 

57.0 

Mojave  

2,751 

24 

45.3 

48.8 

53.5 

59.7 

68.0 

77.5 

85.7 

84.2 

73.9 

65.6 

54.8 

46.8 

64.0 

M  out  ere  v 

15 

36 

50.2 

51.2 

53.9 

55.8 

58.3 

60.8 

61.0 

61.9 

61.5 

58.2 

54.3 

51.7 

56.6 

4  500 

2 

2  375 

2 

Napa  (S.  H.)...    . 

20 

23 

45.4 

49.4 

51.8 

55.9 

59.9 

64.6 

65.8 

65.0 

63.6 

58.7 

51.8 

46.5 

56.5 

Needles 

491 

9 

52.4 

57  8 

64.8 

72.2 

80.2 

87  8 

94.4 

92.3 

84.7 

72.2 

60.1 

52.8 

72.6 

Nevada  City 

2,580 

9 

40.8 

42.5 

44.2 

49.8 

55.6 

62.9 

68.6 

67.0 

60.6 

54.0 

47.0 

41.9 

52.9 

Newcastle  

956 

8 

46.4 

47.7 

51.0 

58.2 

64.7 

74.0 

80.2 

77.7 

72.6 

63.5 

54.9 

47.4 

61.5 

Newhall 

1,200 

24 

47.9 

50.2 

54.1 

58  9 

64.1 

70.7 

76.6 

77.3 

71.5 

62.1 

54.8 

49.5 

61.5 

Newman  

92 

12 

48.0 

51.8 

56.1 

63.1 

70.7 

78.9 

84.6 

81.8 

74.2 

64.5 

57.1 

49.4 

65.1 

Niles  (near)  

87 

14 

51.7 

54.4 

56.7 

59.9 

62.9 

67.2 

68.9 

69.0 

68.3 

62.3 

56.8 

52.4 

60.9 

North  Hill  Vineyard  
Oakdale  

660 
156 

11 

7 

47.0 
45.7 

50.8 
48.7 

54.0 
52.7 

58.6 
59.3 

64.6 
64.9 

72.6 
73.9 

78.6 
79.7 

76.5 
76.3 

71.5 
71.4 

64.2 
62.5 

56.3 
52.9 

46.9 

44.9 

61.8 
61.1 

Ogilbv 

354 

u 

56.4 

60  7 

68.3 

76.3 

84.0 

93.8 

99.4 

98.1 

91.8 

77.3 

67.8 

56.0 

77.5 

Oleta  

1,510 

Q 

42.8 

44.9 

47.3 

52.5 

58.5 

66.6 

73.0 

70.6 

63.0 

55.6 

48.6 

42.8 

55.6 

Orland 

254 

18 

47  6 

51  2 

55.7 

62  4 

70.4 

78.7 

86.4 

84.2 

66.4 

56.4 

47.9 

65.4 

Oroville  

188 

17 

48.1 

51.5 

55.8 

60.7 

67.2 

75.2 

81.3 

79.3 

73.8 

66.6 

67.1 

48.8 

63.8 

Palermo  

185 

10 

45.5 

49.7 

52.8 

58.5 

65.6 

74.3 

78.9 

77.1 

70.0 

61.9 

52.4 

45.2 

61.0 

Palm  Springs 

584 

12 

55  3 

58.7 

65.1 

74.6 

81.1 

90.6 

97.7 

93.2 

85.2 

74.5 

65.1 

55.1 

74.7 

Paso  Robles  (near) 

723 

14 

44.6 

47.8- 

51.6 

57.9 

61.9 

68.4 

72.5 

71.1 

66.9 

59.8 

51.6 

45.6 

58.3 

Peachland 

220 

5 

48.0 

50.5 

51.8 

•*? 

59  6 

65.0 

66.0 

63.3 

63.2 

58.6 

52.4 

47.3 

56.8 

Pine  Crest  .  . 

1,000 

Placerville  

1,820 

12 

41.1 

43.6 

46.3 

51.1 

58.5 

66.8 

72.7 

69.8 

62.8 

'55.5 

48.1 

42,0 

54.8 

Point  Lobos 

250 

8 

48.4 

50.1 

50.0 

52.0 

53.9 

55.3 

56.0 

57.0 

57.6 

56.3 

53.8 

49.4 

53.3 

Point  Reves  

490 

9 

49.4 

49.2 

49.6 

50.2 

51.6 

52.8 

53.7 

54.5 

56.1 

54.7 

53.0 

50.6 

52.1 

Pollaskv. 

1  200 

Pomona  (near  i  

857 

7 

51.5 

53.7 

55.8 

61.1 

65.1 

70.2 

74.6 

74.7 

72.0 

64.8 

59.1 

53.3 

63.0 

Porterville 

461 

12 

48.1 

51.7 

56.8 

64  0 

73.2 

-     - 

--  : 

84.8 

76.3 

64.6 

54.9 

48.5 

66.  a 

Powav  

460 

17 

48.0 

49.5 

52.4 

55.8 

60.6 

65.1 

68.9 

69.6 

65.9 

59.4 

53.5 

51.1 

58.3 

Quincy 

3  350 

6 

34  6 

38  0 

41  0 

47.6 

54.3 

62.4 

65.9 

63.6 

57.0 

49.6 

41.1 

34.5 

49.1 

Redding  

557 

26 

45.2 

49.3 

53.8 

60.2 

67.4 

75.6 

82.3 

81.0 

74.0 

64.5 

54.1 

47.0 

62.8 

Redlands 

1  335 

8 

50  8 

52  2 

54.7 

61  1 

•  '   - 

73.8 

78.3 

77.5 

72.1 

65.0 

58  9 

53.2 

63.5 

Reedlev  

347 

305 

8 

45  7 

1*  - 

51  6 

57  2 

63  0 

71.4 

76.8 

74.0 

68.3 

61.3 

53.3 

-45  8 

59.8 

Rio  Vista  ... 

33 

8 

45.6 

50.8 

54.3 

58.0 

63.6 

70.4 

74.5 

72.6 

69.3 

62.4 

53.7 

45.4 

60.0 

1  025 

19 

51  1 

.V  7 

55  9 

60  4 

65  2 

70.6 

76.3 

76.4 

72.1 

64.2 

58.2 

53  4 

62  9 

Roeklin  

249 

30 

46.6 

50.1 

54.9 

60.4 

67.8 

75.0 

80.0 

78.2 

72.7 

63.6 

53.9 

47.9 

62.5 

Rosewood... 

-  '• 

42.2 

4.'i.  7 

49.6 

'  56.5 

63.7 

73.3 

80.4 

76.8 

•      68.3 

48.8 

42.7 

58.9 

164 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 

NORMAL  MONTHLY  AND  ANNUAL  TEMPERATURE  (DEGREES  FAHRENHEIT)— Continued. 


Stations. 

Eleva- 
tion. 

Length 
of 
record. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

An- 
nual. 

Salton            

Feet. 
--263 

Years. 
12 

55.7 

58.8 

66.0 

76.5 

83.1 

93.8 

98.9 

97.2 

91.0 

79.1 

66.8 

56.1 

76.9 

236 

14 

46.4 

49.4 

53.0 

58,4 

61.9 

68.2 

69.4 

70.0 

66.2 

61.1 

53.9 

48.0 

58.9 

371 

12 

47.7 

52.8 

56.8 

64.2 

72.6 

80.8 

87.9 

84.4 

75.2 

66.1 

56.8 

47.6 

66.1 

1,500 

8 

49.2 

51.3 

53.5 

57,  3 

64.5 

70.2 

76.2 

76.0 

70.6 

62.2 

56.1 

50.0 

60.2 

50 

6 

53.1 

54.7 

55.8 

58.3 

60.6 

63.9 

64.1 

64.6 

64.4 

61.5 

56.8 

52.4 

59.2 

201 

6 

52.2 

54.6 

54.0 

56.4 

58.0 

63.0 

65.0 

65.  0 

64.9 

61.5 

57.6 

53.0 

58.7 

616 

14 

46.6 

49.2 

53.5 

58  3 

63.8 

70.3 

75.0 

72.9 

68.6 

61.9 

53.7 

47.6 

60.1 

500 

7 

53.6 

54.9 

53.3 

55.5 

56.3 

58.8 

60.8 

60.8 

60.6 

60.4 

57.4 

54.8 

57.3 

137 

12 

55.5 

57  5 

60.2 

64.2 

68.8 

72.2 

75.0 

75.4 

73.3 

68.4 

61.8 

57.5 

66.8 

130 

17 

53.2 

54.8 

55.4 

58.4 

60.2 

63.2 

65.1 

66.9 

65.7 

62.6 

59.1 

55.7 

59.9 

18 

28 

51.1 

52.7 

54.5 

57,8 

59.8 

63.1 

63.9 

64.5 

63.1 

59.7 

55.5 

52.4 

58.2 

996 

12 

43.4 

46.5 

49.7 

55.9 

60.4 

67.2 

70.7 

69.1 

65.9 

59.2 

60.8 

45.0 

57.0 

220 

13 

51.6 

52.6 

55.2 

57.8 

59.8 

62.9 

64.4 

64.9 

64.0 

62.3 

57.8 

53.7 

58.9 

92 

16 

54.2 

54.6 

57.8 

61.3 

64.4 

66.9 

69.9 

70.3 

67.8 

64.8 

60.2 

57.0 

62.5 

286 

12 

52.4 

54.0 

55.8 

60.5 

63.4 

65.6 

68.5 

68.4 

66.3 

62.5 

59.8 

55.6 

61.1 

181 

12 

48.0 

50.5 

52.6 

56.4 

62.0 

66.8 

67.2 

65.9 

64.2 

59.6 

53.9 

48.9 

68.0 

311 

15 

45.0 

50.8 

54.8 

62.4 

70.5 

79.2 

85.4 

83.1 

77.4 

64.0 

54.6 

46.0 

64.4 

3,555 

12 

34.0 

36.7 

39.7 

47.9 

55.3 

63.4 

69.7 

67.6 

58.2 

50.0 

41.1 

34.5 

49.7 

Soledad 

188 

27 

47.1 

50.2 

53.6 

57.3 

62.3 

65.5 

66.1 

65.1 

64.9 

59.8 

53.2 

49.3 

57.9 

Sonoma  

30 

49.0 

50.0 

52.3 

54.6 

59.2 

61.6 

65.4 

65.6 

64.7 

60.4 

55.4 

48.5 

57.3 

296 

20 

20 

47.2 

51.5 

55.8 

59.9 

63.8 

68.3 

71.1 

70.7 

69.8 

63.0 

54.8 

48.6 

60  4 

Summerdale  

5,270 

5 

37.1 

38.5 

37.3 

,,3.3 

49.5 

61.0 

68.5 

65.6 

60.0 

49.3 

43.3 

39.5 

49.4 

7,017 

28 

28.0 

28.8 

31.4 

35.5 

42.6 

53.2 

61.0 

60.3 

53.7 

44.0 

35.8 

30  5 

42.1 

4,195 

12 

81.1 

34.4 

39.6 

47.3 

55.9 

63.9 

71.8 

70  7 

61  6 

50  6 

41  8 

32  4 

60  1 

3,964 

24 

38.2 

39.3 

44.1 

50.2 

59.2 

69.4 

76.4 

74.5 

66.1 

56.1 

46.5 

39.5 

64  9 

220 

80 

47.0 

51.0 

54.9 

60.7 

68.9 

77.6 

84.1 

81  3 

74  3 

64  4 

55  1 

48  6 

64  0 

Tejon  Rancho  

1,450 

244 

Tracv  

64 

21 

46.9 

50.5 

54.8 

60.9 

69.1 

75.9 

79.9 

77.5 

72.0 

63.5 

64.2 

49  6 

62  9 

Tulare  (near) 

274 

7 

47.9 

53.4 

55.9 

62.6 

68.2 

77.4 

83.0 

80  1 

71  9 

63  5 

54  9 

46  8 

63  8 

Ukiah 

620 

8 

45  1 

47  7 

50  2 

65  0 

60  4 

67  7 

73  4 

71  8 

65  7 

58  4 

51  2 

44  7 

57  6 

Upper  Lake 

1,350 

16 

44.8 

47.5 

50.4 

54.6 

59.8 

66.2 

73.1 

73  2 

67  1 

59  8 

51  4 

45  6 

57  8 

Upper  Mattole  

244 

14 

47.3 

48.7 

51.0 

54.0 

68.6 

60.7 

64.8 

65.7 

62.8 

57  4 

51  9 

47  5 

66  8 

Vaca  ville  

175 

13 

46.4 

51.2 

54.3 

59.0 

65.1 

71.9 

76  4 

75  2 

71  2 

64  4 

65  7 

47  6 

61  5 

Valley  Springs 

673 

12 

46  2 

50  9 

54  3 

60  2 

65  8 

74  5 

81  0 

78  3 

72  0 

63  2 

56  2 

47  7 

62  6 

Ventura 

50 

8 

52  8 

53  2 

53  6 

56  0 

58  6 

62  1 

63  5 

64  6 

61  4 

60  1 

57  ° 

54  9 

58  2 

Vina  

213 

12 

46  6 

49  9 

54  8 

61  0 

68  0 

78  0 

84  9 

81  5 

73  7 

65  1 

56  1 

47  i 

63  9 

Visalia  .  .      . 

334 

13 

43  6 

48  7 

51  6 

58  6 

66  3 

74  0 

81  0 

78  8 

71  4 

62  0 

52  0 

44  g 

61  1 

220 

12 

55  3 

60  6 

67  5 

78  9 

86  8 

96  4 

101  3 

77  9 

Watsonville  

23 

5 

52  4 

52  3 

55  1 

56  6 

58  7 

62  4 

63  3 

6°  8 

60  3 

58  4 

56  1 

51  3 

57  5 

Westley  ..     . 

90 

12 

48  4 

52  4 

57  8 

64  2 

70  6 

77  9 

Wheatland 

84 

14 

44  6 

48  7 

52  9 

58  4 

Whittier  

239 

12 

56  5 

58  5 

61  1 

65  4 

68  6 

73  2 

Williams 

89 

24 

46  1 

50  0 

54  6 

61  1 

Willows 

132 

22 

45  2 

48  8 

Winters  

136 

12 

46  9 

51  5 

56  0 

63  1 

565 

7 

45  4 

49  2 

51  6 

Woodland  

63 

24 

46  2 

49  9 

54  5 

Yreka  ..     .. 

2  635 

10 

34  8 

37  3 

Yuba  Citv 

70 

9 

48  1 

MINIMUM   WINTER  TEMPERATURES   OF  THE    HIGH    SIERRA. 

(By  Prof.  J.  N.  LB  COXTE.) 

The  following  are  the  results  of  two  observations  on  the  minimum  winter  temperature  of 
the  summit  of  Mount  Lyell  in  the  Sierra  Nevada  Mountains  of  Central  California.  This  point  is 
situated  about  18  miles  in  an  air  line  and  40  miles  by  trail  east  of  the  Yosemite  Valley.  Its  geo- 
graphical coordinates,  as  given  in  the  United  States  Geographical  Surveys  West  of  the  One  Hun- 
dredth Meridian,  are:  North  latitude  37°  44'  11".  longitude  119°  16'  18.*07"  west.  Its  elevation, 
according  to  the  United  States  Geological  Survey,  is  13,041  feet  above  the  sea. 


LOCAL    CLIMATOLOGY.  165 

Mount  Lyell  was  selected  principally  on  account  of  its  comparative  ease  of  access.  The 
group  of  mountains  of  which  it  is  one  of  the  dominating  points  stands  at  the  southern  extremity 
of  what  may  be  called  the  "  northern  high  Sierra,"  or  that  part  of  the  crest  of  the  great  range 
lying  between  the  headwaters  of  the  Mokelumne  River  and  those  of  the  North  Fork  of  the  San 
Joaquin.  In  passing  south  along  the  high  Sierra  the  summit  peaks  become  progressively  higher 
and  more  rugged,  and  the  area  above  the  timber  line  more  extensive.  About  the  head  of  the 
Merced  River  the  northern  portion  culminates  in  a  magnificent  pile  of  snow  capped  peaks  extend- 
ing between  Mounts  Lyell  and  Ritter,  where  the  southernmost  glaciers  of  the  range  are  to  be 
found.  South  of  Mount  Ritter  the  crest  breaks  down  in  a  wide  belt  of  rolling,  forest-covered 
mountains  for  nearly  20  miles,  but  rises  again  finally  at  Red  Slate  Peak.  South  of  this  the  range 
extends  as  an  unbroken  wilderness  of  alpine  peaks,  rugged  beyond  description,  culminating  a 
second  time  in  Mount  Whitney,  about  100  miles  south  of  Lyell.  This  latter  is  the  high  Sierra 
par  excellence. 

On  July  8,  1897,  minimum  thermometer  No.  4315  of  the  United  States  Weather  Bureau 
was  left  upon  the  summit.  It  was  inclosed  in  a  thin  wooden  box  about  6  inches  square  and 
2  feet  long,  one  side  of  which  was  laid  exactly  in  line  with  the  edge  of  the  great  southern 
precipice,  here  over  1,500  feet  high.  Large  stones  were  laid  upon  it,  but  one  side  was  exposed 
to  the  weather,  and  in  no  way  could  it  become  entirely  covered  with  snow.  On  June  5,  1898, 
the  mountain  was  revisited,  and  the  thermometer  box  was  careful!}-  uncovered.  The  ther- 
mometer was  in  perfect  condition,  and  registered  —13.6°  F.,  —25°  C.  It  was  reset  and  left 
upon  the  mountain  a  second  year.  Professor  Le  Conte  was  unable  to  make  the  ascent  of  the 
mountain  in  1899,  but  Prof.  H.  I.  Randall,  of  the  civil  engineering  department  of  the  State 
University,  visited  the  spot  in  July  and  obtained  the  reading.  In  this  case  it  was  —  17.6C  F. 

It  will  be  remembered  that  the  winter  of  1897-98  was  an  exceptionally  dry  one,  and  that  of 
1898-99  was  not  severe.  It  is  interesting  to  compare  these  temperatures  with  those  taken  a  few 
miles  farther  east  and  manv  thousand  feet  lower: 


1897-9$.  ,   1898-99. 


Mount  Lyell:  elevation,  13,040  feet -13.6          -17.6 

Bodie;  elevation,  8,248  feet —24.0   _     —30.0 

Bishop;  elevation,  4.460  feet • +10.0          +  5.0 

It  would  be  instructive  to  obtain  the  minimum  winter  temperatures  of  a  number  of  high 
peaks  distributed  along  the  crest  of  the  range  from  Lake  Tahoe  to  Mount  Whitney. 


GENERAL  PRECIPITATION  TABLES. 


PRECIPITATION  OF  CALIFORNIA  (INCHES  AND  HUNDREDTH). 

ANAHEIM,  ORANGE  COUNTY. 
[Figures  appearing  in  brackets  ( [  ] )  are  approximate.] 


Year.          j  Jan. 

Feb.   Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

Jane. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

NOT. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1878  .       2.19 

4.07    1  49 

1  93 

0  52 

0  00 

0  00 

1879                       1  96 

0  57    0  35 

0  37 

T 

1880  .                      1  29 

1  32    1  57 

°  20 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1881                       0  25 

0  28   0  85 

0  06 

Mb.  .  ,               o  to 

1  90    2.42 

0  48 

0  40 

0  00 

1883                       1  48 

1  98    1  22 

2.78 

1884                       -J  80 

10  58    6  70 

1  75 

0  54 

1885  0  61 

0  00   0  00 

0  64 

0  00 

0  QO 

0  00 

1886                       4  63 

0  82    2.70 

2  51 

0  00 

T 

1887..                      0  43 

5  71    0  00 

2  21 

T 

0  00 

0  00 

0  75 

1888  6  29 

0  92    5  90 

T 

0  00 

0  00 

T 

T 

1889                       0  14 

1  28    7  97 

0  24 

0  57 

1890  .                      3  36 

1  54    o  78 

0  QO 

T 

0  00 

0  00 

1891  0  24 

9  05    0  59 

1  81 

0  40 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1892..                      0  77 

o  35    i  23 

0  15 

1  48 

0  00 

1893  :   2.98 

o  oe    6.07 

0  23 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1894  '   0  68 

0  35    0  48 

0  13 

0  10 

0  00 

T 

T 

0  10 

0  00 

1895  .                        6  92 

0  68    2.63 

0  05 

0  10 

0  00 

0  00 

1896  3  25 

0  00    3  03 

T 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1  98 

1897.                       3  00 

4.35    2.20 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  10 

1  GO 

0  00 

1898...                     1  65 

0  10    1  00 

0  20 

1  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

T 

1899  :   2.78 

0  15    1  61 

0  20 

0  00 

0  51 

0  00 

0  00 

0  07 

1  32 

1900  '   1  29 

0  00    0  73 

1  09 

1  49 

0  09 

0  00 

Mean  (23  rears)          '  15 

2  18    2.24 

0  71 

0  36 

0  08 

T 

T 

ANTIOCH,  CONTRA  COSTA  COUNTY. 
[Elevation.  46  feet.] 


1879  

1.57 

1  69 

1  50 

0  73 

-- 

0  05 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  77 

1  38 

1  51 

1880.. 

0  95 

1  07 

1  14 

3  65 

0  33 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1881  

1.74 

1  54 

1  11 

1  30 

T 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

T 

T 

0  95 

1  89 

1882 

0  95 

1  20 

2.35 

0  25 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1883... 

1  89 

0  48 

1  99 

0  60 

2  55 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  13 

0  70 

0  55 

0  33 

1884  

3.50 

3.64 

5  73 

2.62 

0  00 

1  15 

0  00 

T 

T 

1  25 

T 

o  79 

20  68 

1885... 

1  16 

0  12 

0  35 

0  96 

0  00 

T 

T 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

4  87 

1886  

3  60 

0.00 

0.56 

2  03 

T 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  40 

T 

1  02 

7  61 

1887... 

0  38 

3  87 

0  49 

0  95 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  °<* 

1888  

2  84 

1  24 

2  05 

0  00 

0  50 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  70 

0  00 

"-•"' 
1  82 

2  88 

1889  

0.95 

0.52 

4.81 

0.46 

1  07 

T 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

4  51 

2  09 

6,54 

20  95 

1890  

5  16 

2.97 

2.45 

0  31 

0  54 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  04 

0  00 

1  32 

13  7° 

1891  

0.41 

4.55 

2.01 

1.14 

0  00 

0  36 

0  00 

0  00 

0  75 

0  75 

•  o  75 

4  43 

15  15 

1892... 

1  06 

1  63 

2.14 

0  46 

0  76 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  22 

0  45 

4  52 

4  78 

1893  

2.93 

1.88 

2.64 

1.02 

0  41 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

•  0.02 

0  06 

2.  18 

1  63 

y>  77 

1894... 

4  29 

2  54 

0  37 

0  28 

1  61 

0  84 

0  00 

0  00 

1  07 

0  63 

0  18 

8.  11 

1895  

5.57 

1.52 

0.75 

0  00 

0  52 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  15 

0  15 

1  63 

0  65 

19  94 

1896.. 

6  15 

0  10 

1  44 

3  18 

0  °° 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  47 

1  55 

2.34 

1  20 

1897  

1.98 

3  07 

3  34 

0  12 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1  09 

0  35 

0  65 

10  60 

1898... 

0  79 

1  32 

0  45 

0  15 

0  40 

0  10 

0  00 

0  00 

0  15 

0  84 

0  00 

0  72 

189!)  

1.61 

0.03 

5  22 

0  15 

0  45 

0  05 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

2  66 

2.36 

1  03 

13  56 

1900.. 

3  04 

0  14 

0  41 

8  57 

TO  491 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  70 

3  43 

0  95 

Mean  (*>  rears)  

2.39 

1.60 

1.97 

0.95 

0  49 

0  12 

T 

0  01 

0  23 

0  80 

1  48 

•j  54 

1°  57 

167 


168 


CLIMATOLOGY  OF  CALIFORNIA. 


PRECIPITATION  OP  CALIFORNIA   (INCHES  AND  HUNDREDTIIS) — Continued. 

BAKERSFIELD,  KERN  COUNTY. 
[Elevation,  394  feet.] 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

.Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1889                -             

0.57 

0.20 

1.88 

0.15 

0.22 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

2.04 

0.22 

1.75 

7.03 

1890                                          

1.20 

0.16 

0.24 

0.00 

o.oe 

0.00 

0.00 

0.03 

0.47 

0.00 

0.00 

1.34 

3.50 

1891            

0.20 

1.20 

0.26 

0.27 

0.22 

0.02 

0.00 

0.00 

0.12 

0.00 

0.20 

1.08 

3.% 

1892                                 

l.Gl' 

0.45 

1.25 

T. 

0.41 

0.39 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.01 

0.55 

0.76 

5.42 

1893 

0.61 

0.88 

2.30 

0.32 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

o.oo 

0.00 

0.00 

0.20 

0.97 

5.28 

1894              

0.91 

0.00 

0.50 

0.00 

0.02 

0.17 

0.00 

0.00 

0.30 

0.03 

0.00 

1.43 

3.46 

1895                                 

2.53 

0.40 

1.15 

0.29 

0.31 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.06 

0.54 

0.33 

6.61 

1896 

1.66 

0.00 

1.58 

0.35 

0.15 

0.00 

0.18 

0.05 

0.00 

0.73 

0.35 

0.81 

5.86 

1897                           

0.97 

2.13 

'0.72 

0.29 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.62 

0.12 

0.31 

5.16 

Iggg                                        

1.36 

0.28 

0.26 

0.05 

0.20 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.65 

0.00 

0.26 

0.10 

2.16 

1899 

0.82 

0.15 

0.58 

0.16 

0.08 

0.00 

0.00 

T. 

T. 

0.57 

1.08 

0.77 

4  21 

1900                          

0.84 

0.26 

0.43 

0.78 

0.48 

0.00 

[0.02] 

0.00 

0.00 

0.60 

1.00 

T. 

4.41 

1.11 

0.51 

0.93 

0.22 

0.18 

0.05 

0.02 

0.01 

0.13 

0  47 

0  38 

0  80 

4  76 

BERKELEY,  ALAMEDA  COUNTY. 
[Elevation,  320  feet.] 


1887 

1.66 

9.41 

0.98 

2.53 

0.06 

0.04 

0.01 

0  00 

0  40 

0  00 

0  76 

2  94 

18  79 

1888  

6.84 

1.92 

4.50 

0.20 

0.42 

0.50 

T. 

0.00 

0.59 

0.02 

2.71 

3  79 

20  49 

1889 

0.78 

0.54 

7.58 

0.72 

1.50 

0.06 

0.00 

0  00 

0  00 

5  80 

2  39 

12  59 

31  96 

1890                  . 

11  16 

5.70 

4  74 

2.18 

1  44 

T 

0  00 

T 

0  25 

0  00 

0  00 

3  32 

28  79 

1891.   .      

1.13 

10.68 

3.17 

3.42 

1.61 

0.38 

0.44 

0  00 

0  74 

0  18 

1  01 

6  22 

28  98 

1892 

2  34 

4.20 

3  60 

1.68 

2  97 

0  00 

0  01 

0  00 

0  07 

1  99 

6  35 

6  64 

28  85 

1893  

3.90 

3.28 

6.19 

1.62 

0.26 

0.00 

0.00 

0  00 

0  38 

0  52 

5  22 

2  62 

23  99 

1894 

9.54 

3  77 

0  91 

0  57 

2  01 

1  11 

0  00 

0  00 

1  61 

3  29 

1  35 

12  63 

36  79 

1895 

10  88 

3  25 

2  64 

2  30 

1  06 

0  00 

0  04 

0  00 

1  28 

0  07 

1  78 

1896  

11.40 

0  36 

2.93 

6.72 

0  94 

0  00 

T 

0  90 

0  76 

1  91 

5  15 

4  92 

35  99 

1897 

3  73 

4  68 

5  97 

0  44 

0  20 

0  30 

0  00 

0  00 

0  ^0 

o  48 

1  58 

1898  

1.54 

3.28 

0.31 

0  19 

1  87 

0  24 

0  00 

0  04 

0  93 

1  88 

0  97 

1  22 

12  47 

1899  

5.90 

0  22 

13  19 

1  56 

1  70 

0  05 

0  00 

T 

0  00 

5  26 

5  85 

1900 

4  18 

1  02 

3  00 

1  58 

0  91 

0  08 

0  00 

0  02 

0  05 

5  28 

3  65 

4  26 

1  84 

1  21 

0  20 

0  04 

0  07 

0  52 

1  77 

BISHOP,  INYO  COUNTY. 
[Elevation,  4,450  feet.] 


1884.. 

0  62 

0  64 

0  94 

0  05 

0  00 

0  00 

1885 

0  00 

0  00 

0  67 

0  14 

1886 

1  03 

0  00 

0  50 

1887  ,  

0  65 

1  58 

0  00 

0  35 

0  55 

1888  

1  37 

0  47 

0  05 

1889  

0  10 

0  60 

1  46 

0  12 

0  30 

1890  

4  57 

0  30 

0  00 

1891  

0  00 

3  70 

0  28 

1892  

0  10 

0  70 

1  10 

0  00 

1893  

1  22 

1  12 

0  15 

1894  

0  30 

0  75 

1895  

1  10 

0  50 

0  22 

1896  

1  07 

0  00 

1897  

0  32 

1  67 

1898  

0  05 

4.89 

1899  

1  65 

0  00 

0.00 

0.21 

0.11 

1.45 

1900  

0  49 

0  01 

0.17 

5.38 

Mean  (17  years)  

0  86 

0  71 

0.89 

4.27 

GENERAL    PRECIPITATION    TABLES. 
PRECIPITATION  OF  CALIFORNIA  (Ixcais  AXD  HU.VDREDTHS) — Continued. 

BYRON.  CONTRA  COSTA  COUNTY. 
[Elevation.  33  feet.] 


169 


Year.                        ^  Jan. 

Feb.       Mar. 

Apr. 

May.      June.     July. 

Aug.       Sept.        Oct. 

.   NOT.       Dec. 

Annual. 

1880  092 

1.02  !      0.79 
1.68        0.91 
1.02        3.11 
0.25        1.91 
4.  15         5.  61 
0.18        0.35 
0.00        1.79 
4.  43        0.  19 
1.25        1.77 
0.72        4.24 
2.35        2.16 
2.83        0.40 
1.  18!      2.29 
2.34         2.43 
2.65         0.32 
1.37        0.85 
0.14         1.01 
2.52        2.88 
1.00        0.41 
0.00        5.25 
0.08  |      0.79 

5.13 
1.91 
0.72 
0.17 
2.50 
1.02 
2.23 
1.21 
0.00 
0.49 
0.38 
1.60 
0.40 
0.90 
0.10 
1.02 
2.11 
0.00 
0.00 
0.61 
0.57 

0.18 
0.00 
0.00 
2.38 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.75 
0.98 
0.20 
0.00 
0.82 
0.38 
1.59 
0.37 
0.31 
0.00 
0.57 
0.40 
0.55 

0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
1.54 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.12 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
1.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.07 
0.05 
0.00 

0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 

0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.19 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 

0.00 
0.00 
0.02 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.59 
0.00 
1.63 
0.53 
0.27 
0.00 
1.03 
0.18 
0.19 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 

0.00 
0.01 
0.97 
0.86 
1.23 
0.00 
0.89 
T. 
0.00 
4.52 
0.00 
0.00 
1.25 
0.00 
1.02 
0.63 
1.88 
1.47 
0.47 
3.26 
0.85 

0.53 
1.00 
1.69 
0.53 
0.00 
6.70 
0.00 
0.42 
4.49 
2.86 
0.00 
0.32 
3.21 
1.50 
0.26 
0.95 
2.54 
0.18 
0.14 
1.91 
3.47 

7.56 
1.80 
0.32 
0.71 
3.33 
2.04 
0.95 
2.90 
1.81 
8.33 
1.27 
3.55 
4.17 
1.33 
7.94 
0.59 
1.27 
1.06 
1.71 
1.61 
0.83 

16.13 
10.80 
9.00 
9.82 
20.77 
11.52 
9.95 
9.63 
13.33 
22.97 
14.43 
9.42 
14.19 
11.45 
19.90 
10.24 
17.68 
10.55 
5.51 
15.71 
9.67 

1881                                                          3  46 

1882  1  15 

1883.                                                         3  01 

1884.                                                         ?  -11 

1885  1.23 

1886  4  09 

1887  0.48 

1888...          .                                           2.67 

1889..                                                       0  71 

1890                                                          6  44 

1891  0  19 

1892                                                          0  65 

1893  2  57 

1894  3.99 

1895                                                              4.28 

1896  804 

1897                                                          2  44 

1898  1  14 

1899                                                          2.6'' 

1900                                                     '      2.53 

Mean  (21  veare)                           2.62 

1.48        1.88 

1.10 

0.45 

0.13 

0.00 

0.01 

0.21 

0.92 

1.56 

2.62 

12.98 

CAL3ENTE,  KERN  COUNTY. 

1876                                                         [1  52] 

2.02        1.66 
0.47         1.08 
4.47         2.69 
0.34         0.33 
1.51         1.09 
1.54        1.91 
3.30        0.73 
1.76        0.82 
4.98         5.00 
0.00        0.45 
0.66        2.62 
2.76        0.07 
L14        1.30 
0.20        3.15 
1.15        1.10 
2.83         0.40 
1.00         4.25 
2.15         3.71 
1.40        1.60 
3.10  ;      1.67 
0.25        3.30 
4.96         2.41 
0.70         1.45 
0.41         3.26 
0.98        U.80 

0.53 
1.27 
3.20 
1.43 
3.53 
0.64 
1.59 
2.42 
2.90 
3.00 
2.65 
2.66 
0.00 
0.60 
0.00 
1.60 
0.30 
0.70 
0.20 
0.85 
1.58 
0.35 
0.76 
0.28 
1.75 

T. 
0.52 
0.03 
0.20 
0.23 
0.23 
0.69 
1.07 
1.10 
1.06 
0.00 
0.21 
0.81 
0.00 
1.62 
0.00 
1.00 
0.00 
0.50 
0.87 
0.56 
0.13 
1.40 
1.13 
2.35 

0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.04 
0.00 
0.00 
0.56 
0.00 
1.28 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 

o.op 

0.00 
0.00 
0.50 
0.00 
0.70 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 

0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.05 
•T. 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.05 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 

T. 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.29 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 

0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.13 
0.00 
0.08 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.52 
0.53 
0.00 
0.00 
0.60 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.10 
0.00 
0.00 

0.52 
0.00 
0.42 
1.08 
0.00 
0.81 
1.01 
0.76 
0.22 
0.05 
T. 
0.63 
0.00 
1.35 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.10 
0.20 
2.31 
1.02 
0.90 
0.00 
0.25 
0.00 

T. 
0.84 
0.10 
1.77 
0.35 
0.30 
0.69 
0.05 
0.25 
3.88 
1.45 
0.05 
1.33 
1.05 
0.00 
0.32 
0.00 
0.20 
0.25 
1.51 
1.02 
0.00 
0.45 
1.52 
2.13 

0.00 
2.31 

a  10 

3.46 
3.56 
0.51 
0.37 
1.81 
3.25 
1.33 
1.33 
1.43 
2.18 
3.65 
4.30 
3.55 
2.80 
3.45 
4.39 
1.20, 
1.93 
2.02 
0.68 
0.64 
0.00 

6.25 
7.57 
14.82 
8.85 
12.64 
7.68 
10.45 
8.81 
20.98 
10.06 
10.30 
8.22 
7.83 
10.59 
9.94 
9.42 
10.60 
11.31 
13.14 
16.79 
12.53 
12.02 
7.21 
9.22 
8.51 

1877.                                                         1  08 

1878  3.81 

1879                                                          0  20 

1880  2.37 

1881.                                                         J  61 

1882...                   .                                   1.51 

1883.                                                         0  04 

1884.                                                         •>  00 

1885.                                                             0  75 

1886                                                          1  59 

1887  0.38 

1888  0.87 

1889                                                          0  59 

1890  1.25 

1891.                                                             0  19 

1892...                                                      0.75 

1893  1.00 

1894  .                                                 '      3  30 

1895.                                                         5  28 

1896.                                                       '      2  53 

1897  ....         1.25 

1898.         '                                                1  67 

1899  1.73 

1900.                                                         0  50 

Mean  (25  years)  1.  49 

1.76         1.88 

1.39        0.63        0.12 

T. 

0.01        0.08 

0.47 

0.78 

2.01 

10  63 

170 


CLIMATOLOGY  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

PRECIPITATION  OF  CALIFORNIA  (INCHES  AND  HUNDREDTHS) — Continued. 

CALISTOGA,  NAPA  COUNTY. 

[Elevation,  363  feet.] 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct.- 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1873                         

0.20 

4.43 

1.28 

1.43 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.63 

2.75 

10.19 

20.91 

1874                                        

8.55 

2.57 

3.48 

1.55 

1.10 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

4.01 

7.98 

0.46 

29.70 

1875                  

7.89 

0.56 

2.18 

0.00 

0.00 

1.52 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.45 

6.79 

4.03 

23.42 

1876                              

8.53 

9.08 

8.73 

1.67 

0.20 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.36 

9.05 

0.48 

0.00 

38.10 

1877           

6.55 

2.49 

1.64 

0.65 

0.50 

0.28 

0.20 

0.00 

0.00 

1.49 

2.14 

3.02 

18.96 

1878                    

20.64 

16.46 

4.80 

0.85 

0.80 

0.00 

0.00 

T. 

0.49 

1.56 

1.30 

1.57 

48.47 

1879                            

4.40 

6.72 

15.70 

2.37 

2.21 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.46 

5.33 

7.99 

45.18 

1880          

3.94 

1.88 

1.64 

15.31 

1.55 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

15.83 

40.15 

1881                         

15.58 

4.77 

1.39 

1.89 

0.25 

0.77 

0.00 

0.00 

0.48 

2.19 

0.00 

5.18 

32.50 

Ig82                                   

3.81 

5.53 

3.84 

1.65 

0.17 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.71 

3.57 

4.70 

1.42 

25.40 

1883             

1.30 

1.28 

5.36 

2.93 

3.71 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.14 

1.69 

0.24 

1.32 

18.97 

1884                         

6.57 

4.42 

9.78 

5.98 

0.42 

2.06 

0.00 

0.00 

0.19 

1.83 

0.05 

15.08 

46.38 

1885                                      

2.05 

1.59 

0.71 

0.95 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.12 

0.78 

15.67 

5.36 

27.23 

1886                

9.39 

T. 

2.23 

7.12 

1.05 

0.00 

0.00 

"o.oo 

0.00 

1.25 

0.00 

3.95 

24.99 

1887                              

2.22 

11.18 

1.58 

2.82 

T. 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.18 

0.00 

1.50 

4.82 

24.30 

1888  

7.89 

2.87 

5.64 

0.26 

0.20 

1.16 

0.00 

0.00 

0.89 

0.00 

6.14 

6.91 

31.% 

1889                  

0.96 

0.72 

10.87 

1.23 

3.91 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

9.85 

4.10 

17.67 

49.31 

1890                                

18.00 

4.78 

9.16 

2.25 

1.70 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.10 

0.00 

0.00 

4.85 

40.84 

1891 

1.65 

13.84 

1.45 

3.20 

1.70 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.47 

0.30 

0.75 

8.56 

31.92 

1892                              

5.78 

5.52 

5.03 

3.10 

0.00 

0.56 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.93 

8.01 

10.79 

40.72 

1893  

5.35 

8.37 

9.91 

3.21 

0.86 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.85 

0.51 

6.93 

4.40 

40.39 

1894                  

15.28 

7.82 

3.21 

2.45 

2.01 

1.29 

0.00 

0.00 

1.00 

2.65 

1.09 

15.39 

52.19 

1896                                      

22.46 

2.72 

3.33 

1.77 

1.81 

0.00 

0.30 

0.00 

1.45 

T. 

4.85 

4.62 

43.31 

1896  

14.05 

0.25 

4.25 

8.88 

2.30 

0.00 

0.09 

0.15 

0.78 

2.35 

7.78 

9.88 

50.76 

1897                           

4.85 

9.31 

7.56 

1.52 

0.35 

2.24 

0.00 

0.00 

0.04 

2.43 

2.18 

4.66 

35.14 

1898 

1.52 

8.99 

0.14 

0.81 

3.81 

0.06 

0.00 

0.00 

0.80 

0.39 

0.86 

1.59 

18  97 

1899                  

9.52 

0.03 

10.72 

1.51 

0.58 

1.52 

0.00 

0.07 

0.00 

7.95 

6.79 

5.66 

44.35 

1900                                             

6.84 

0.85 

5.34 

3.19 

0.61 

0.07 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

6.36 

7  61 

4.81 

35.68 

Mean  (28  years)     

7.71 

4.96 

5.04 

2.88 

1.14 

0.41 

0.02 

0.01 

0  36 

2.28 

3.79 

6.43 

35.01 

COLFAX,  PLACER  COUNTY. 


1870 

T8  811 

5.55 

5  41 

3  19 

0  25 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1  21 

2  58 

3  94 

30  94 

1871  

7.24 

4.85 

4.30 

4.03 

2.55 

0.13 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

4.25 

9  80 

37  15 

1872 

10.02 

13.68 

4  69 

3  40 

0  61 

0  40 

0  00 

T 

T 

0  00 

3  99 

10  48 

47  27 

1873  

2.90 

11.12 

1.24 

1.81 

2.04 

0.00 

T. 

0.00 

0  00 

0  00 

2.27 

18  84 

40  22 

1874 

10.93 

6.62 

10  12 

3  53 

1  31 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

3  36 

1  13  89 

1  12 

50  88 

1875  

12.32 

0.19 

3.23 

0.20 

1.90 

0.00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  95 

14  84 

7  10 

40  73 

1876  

10.40 

7.20 

14  89 

3  23 

1  42 

T 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

7  98 

0  62 

0  00 

45  24 

1877 

9  29 

1  76 

4  36 

1  36 

1  67 

0  57 

0  00 

T 

0  00 

0  95 

o  oo 

1  76 

25  10 

1878  

13.10 

12.21 

9.22 

1  79 

0  42 

T 

0  00 

0  00 

0  56 

0  00 

2  08 

0  85 

40  23 

1879. 

8  73 

8  87 

14  62 

6  57 

2  91 

0  27 

o  oo 

0  00 

o  oo 

2  94 

4  (jg 

9  16 

58  75 

1880 

4  53 

6  60 

2  85 

21  09 

4  29 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

T 

0  00 

1881  

15  59 

9  30 

3  83 

1  53 

T 

1  31 

0  00 

0  00 

1  63 

1  38 

3  40 

8  01 

45  98 

1882 

9  09 

7  11 

6  97 

3  98 

1  13 

0  13 

0  00 

0  00 

0  40 

1883  

1.68 

3  23 

7  98 

2  93 

5  92 

0  00 

0  00 

o  oo 

1  08 

2  97 

1  34 

2  32 

29  45 

1884.. 

7  67 

9  73 

12  27 

10  94 

1  38 

3  01 

o  oo 

0  00 

1885 

2  85 

1  66 

0  68 

2  2*) 

0  00 

1  18 

1886  

12  17 

0  34 

3  69 

10  86 

1  08 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1887.  . 

2  99 

9  24 

1  51 

4  92 

0  72 

0  00 

1888  

13  28 

2  18 

2  80 

0  95 

0  17 

2  69 

0  00 

0  00 

0  25 

1889  

0  50 

0  90 

13  90 

3  00 

9  14 

0  25 

0  00 

1890  

17  90 

8  00 

14  70 

3  95 

3  85 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

2  75 

1891  

1  95 

14  60 

9  60 

2  45 

1  70 

2  60 

0  90 

1892  

4.85 

7  55 

7  46 

5  73 

6  14 

0  60 

0  00 

0  00 

ro  531 

1893  

7  62 

5  68 

1°  80 

4  22 

1  30 

0  00 

1894  

13  43 

9  76 

3  63 

T4  4R1 

3  45 

2  45 

1895.. 

16  47 

5  55 

1896  

23  23 

0  93 

6  36 

16  15 

5  39 

1897.... 

4  15 

15  86 

1898  

1  80 

9  61 

1  89 

1  38 

2  98 

1899  

9  29 

0  87 

20  73 

1900  

6  41 

4  33 

7  79 

Mean  31  (years) 

8  75 

6  62 

GENERAL    PRECIPITATION    TABLES. 


171 


PRECIPITATION  OF  CALIFORNIA   (INCHES  AND  HUNDREDTHS) — Continued. 
COLTOK,  SAX  BERXABDIXO  COUXTY. 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1877  

1.64 

T. 

1.72 

1  00 

1  58 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  07 

0  35 

1  93 

8  29 

1878 

1.94 

5  16 

1  38 

2  99 

0  71 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  24 

0  30 

1  68 

14  40 

1879  

1.79 

0.74 

0.03 

1  75 

0  10 

0  08 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  13 

1  15 

2.49 

8  26 

1880 

0.99 

0  76 

1  05 

•>  19 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  13 

0  27 

0  37 

7  76 

1881  

0.74 

0.90 

1  39 

0  28 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  28 

0  38 

0  00 

3  97 

1882 

2.23 

1  28 

1.51 

1  08 

0  00 

0  50 

0  50 

0  00 

•  o  OC 

0  50 

0  19 

0  30 

8  09 

1883..      

0.52 

1.72 

1  00 

0  45 

0  75 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

o  on 

0  60 

0  00 

•>  23 

7  27 

1884 

1  00 

11  38 

4  05 

9  85 

0  90 

0  32 

0  00 

0  25 

0  00 

0  25 

0  12 

3  93 

<>7  05 

1885 

1.00 

0.00 

0  00 

2  08 

0  22 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1  90 

0  52 

5  74 

1886 

2  78 

0  40 

3  54 

0  50 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  80 

0  00 

• 

1887 

0.21 

3  64 

0  00 

1  94 

T 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  70 

0  80 

a7'29 

1888  

4.89 

0.42 

3.68 

0.43 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

2  87 

3  26 

15  05 

1889 

0.86 

0  88 

4.47 

1  02 

0  60 

0  00 

0  00 

T 

0  04 

1  59 

1  26 

7  41 

18  13 

1890          

2.94 

1.15 

0  50 

0.00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  08 

0  06 

0  67 

0  00 

0  19 

2.45 

7  9Q 

1891 

0  00 

6  48 

0  25 

0  80 

0  90 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  87 

9  30 

1892 

2.27 

3.36 

0  80 

0  24 

1  44 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

:- 

0  90 

1  45 

10  94 

1893  

2.40 

2.91 

6.64 

0.16 

0  00 

0.00 

0  30 

0  00 

0  00 

1  18 

0  22 

1  93 

15  74 

1894 

0  20 

0  55 

2  00 

0  10 

0  50 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  45 

0  15 

0  00 

5  70 

9  65 

1895     ...            ..  .. 

6.88 

1.01 

2.94 

1.08 

1  05 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1  16 

0  00 

14  12 

1896  

1.10 

0.00 

2.91 

0.25 

0.38 

0.00 

0.00 

0.10 

ro.061 

2.28 

0.94 

Lll 

9  13 

1897 

3.  82 

3  96 

2.70 

0  00 

0  15 

0  85 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

•>  20 

TO  661 

0  30 

14  34 

1898  

1.48 

0.23 

0.80 

0.10 

0.34 

0  00 

0  00 

0.00 

0.00 

T 

T 

0  45 

3  40 

1899 

1  57 

0  45 

1  55 

0  00 

0  OG 

T 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1  96 

0  55 

6  08 

1900   

1.06 

i>  00 

0.95 

1.59 

0  89 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

T 

0  32 

6  47 

0  00 

11  28 

Mean  (24  years)  .... 

1  83 

1  97 

1.91 

0  95 

0  52 

0  07 

0  03 

0  (f> 

0  05 

0  43 

0  93 

1  74 

10  47 

CORXIXG,  TEHAMA  COUXTY. 


1886  

5.68 

0.00 

141 

3.45 

0.58 

0  00 

0  00 

0.00 

0  00 

0  30 

0  00 

2  01 

13  43 

1887 

0.45 

6  81 

1  46 

2.86 

•- 

0  18 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1  37 

3  70 

17  11 

1888 

3  64 

2  09 

3  20 

6  19 

0  40 

0  79 

T 

0  00 

0  52 

0  00 

3  34 

5  87 

19  54 

1889 

0  27 

0  76 

4  37 

0  55 

1  38 

0  65 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

5  74 

3  26 

10  11 

27  09 

1890     

5.10 

2.28 

4.56 

1.25 

2  34 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  78 

0  00 

0  00 

2  26 

18  57 

1891 

11  80 

1  52 

2.13 

1  15 

0  45 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  50 

0  10 

2.91 

21  26 

1892 

3.25 

1  35 

2.20 

1  41 

1  63 

0  05 

o  oo 

0  00 

0  00 

0  14 

9  07 

2.51 

21  61 

1893  

2.42 

3.00 

5.00 

1.80 

0.22 

0  00 

0  00 

0.00 

0.22 

0.00 

2  60 

2.22 

17  48 

1894 

3  90 

4  30 

0  85 

0  40 

1  30 

0  00 

0  00 

•  0  00 

fO  231 

0  85 

0  00 

10  85 

22  68 

1895  

14.62 

2.83 

3.42 

0.90 

0  20 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

FO  231 

0  00 

1  25 

2  17 

25  62 

1896 

1°  40 

T 

3  96 

3  95 

1  30 

0  00 

0  00 

0  42 

0  75 

0  75 

3  08 

7  40 

34.00 

1897  

2  29 

5  69 

1  90 

1  63 

T 

0  60 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

2  18 

0  65 

1  60 

16  54 

1898 

0  20 

3  20 

0  00 

T 

1  28 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  38 

0  75 

0  72 

1  05 

7  58 

1899  . 

8  13 

0  00 

3  03 

0  95 

1  15 

0  18 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

6  76 

4  10 

3  42 

27  72 

1900  

4.61 

1.34 

1.60 

2.84 

0.76 

0  30 

0  00 

0.00 

0  00 

4  05 

3  80 

2  25 

21  55 

Mean  (15  years)  

4.51 

3.03 

2.56 

1  62 

0  93 

0  21 

T 

0  03 

0  21 

1  47 

o  02 

3  99 

20.79 

a  Approximated. 


172 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFOENIA. 


PRECIPITATION  OF  CALIFORNIA  (INCHES  AND  HUNDREDTHS) — Continued. 
DAVISVILLE,  YOLO  COUNTY. 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1872 

4.34 

1.92 

0.06 

0.00 

0.11 

T. 

0.00 

T. 

T. 

0.00 

1.50 

6.50 

14.43 

1873 

1.00 

2.26 

0.50 

0.19 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.20 

0.27 

9.68 

14.10 

1874                            

3.39 

1.46 

2.50 

0.55 

0.25 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.60 

2.50 

0.10 

12.35 

1875                                             .  .. 

5.75 

0.00 

0.38 

0.00 

0.10 

0.75 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.16 

3.86 

2.60 

13.60 

1876 

3.53 

3.69 

3.67 

1.01 

0.20 

0.00 

0.20 

0.02 

T. 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

12.32 

1877                            

2.84 

1.12 

0.50 

0.12 

0.32 

0.00 

T. 

0.00 

0.00 

0.73 

0.34 

1.00 

6.97 

1878 

8.72 

6.49 

1.75 

0.66 

0.31 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.15 

0.34 

1.00 

0.19 

19.61 

1879 

2.38 

2.65 

3.80 

1.04 

1.20 

0.18 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.36 

1.79 

2.72 

16.12 

1880                                         

1.80 

1.17 

1.16 

7.46 

0.57 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

10.47 

22.68 

1881 

3.94 

2.12 

1.19 

1.13 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.23 

0.28 

1.65 

2.38 

12.92 

1882                

1.28 

1.92 

2.76 

1.13 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.19 

1.78 

2.84 

0.68 

12.58 

1883                                            .   .  . 

2.20 

0.71 

3.19 

1.00 

3.19 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.72 

0.90 

0.35 

0.43 

12.69 

1884 

3.07 

3.78 

5.09 

3.07 

0.00 

1.39 

0.00 

0.00 

0.28 

1.48 

0.00 

5.25 

23.41 

1885                                

1.32 

0.14 

0.10 

1.22 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.05 

0.00 

7.87 

4.56 

15.26 

1886 

5.32 

0.20 

1.70 

4.75 

0.05 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.48 

0.00 

1.81 

14."  31 

1887        

0.99 

6.14 

0.78 

2.03 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.05 

0.00 

0.50 

2.52 

13.01 

1888 

4.23 

1.10 

2.80 

0.30 

0.50 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.65 

0.00 

5.06 

4.20 

18.84 

1889  

0.20 

0.41 

6.62 

1.17 

1.48 

0.34 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

8.14 

3.04 

9.02 

30.42 

1890                            

6.36 

3.  89 

3.35 

1.60 

2.21 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.62 

0.00 

0.00 

5.28 

23.11 

1891 

1  10 

10  55 

1.45 

1.68 

0.70 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.47 

2.51 

18  46 

1892            

1.72 

2.05 

2.67 

0.92 

2.08 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.51 

2.78 

6.77 

19.50 

1893 

3.45 

4.09 

4.32 

0.85 

1.56 

0  00 

0.00 

0.00 

0  00 

0.10 

2  97 

2.01 

19  33 

1894  

3.50 

2.05 

0.94 

0.30 

1.64 

1.65 

0.00 

0.00 

0.93 

1.01 

0.35 

7.59 

19  96 

1895                     

8.47- 

1.85 

1.30 

0.64 

0.44 

0  00 

0.50 

0.00 

1  00 

T 

1  16 

1  03 

16  39 

18% 

9  24 

0  15 

2  06 

5  86 

0  71 

0  00 

0  00 

0  32 

0  98 

1  02 

3  74 

2  23 

26  31 

1897                         

3.23 

4.13 

2.63 

0.28 

0.23 

0  03 

0  00 

0  00 

T 

1  66 

0  63 

1  06 

13  88 

1898 

1  11 

3  07 

0  04 

0  24 

1  15 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  25 

0  30 

0  46 

1  58 

8  20 

1899  ..     .. 

3.82 

T 

5.67 

T. 

0.31 

0  80 

0  00 

0  02 

0  00 

3  88 

1  88 

1  42 

17  80 

1900 

3  55 

0  20 

0  96 

0  98 

0  40 

T 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  38 

4  08 

0  94 

11  49 

3  51 

2  38 

2  20 

1  39 

0  68 

0  18 

0  02 

0  01 

0  21 

0  87 

1  76 

3  33 

16  55 

DELANO,  KERN  COUNTY. 


1876  

1.23 

1  82 

0  82 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  °3 

0  00 

0  00 

4  10- 

1877  

0  55 

0  49 

1  63 

1  02 

0  23 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  36 

0  56 

1878 

1  25 

1  96 

1  55 

1  41 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1879  

0.18 

0  10 

0  07 

0  93 

0  06 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  43 

1880. 

0  55 

2  97 

0  30 

2  40 

0  20 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1881 

1  85 

0  60 

1  10 

0  50 

0  05 

1882  

0  51 

1  10 

0  83 

0  83 

0  50 

0  QO 

0  00 

1883 

0  00 

0  40 

0  83 

0  50 

3  ^S 

1884  

1  61 

2  ^8 

1  98 

2  31 

2  27 

0  22 

1886  

0  13 

0  00 

0  36 

1  15 

0  03 

1886  

0  75 

0  20 

0  80 

1  54 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1887  

0  20 

2  63 

0  00 

1  44 

0  68 

1888  

2  21 

0  10 

0  94 

0  00 

0  15 

0  00 

1889  

0  63 

0  06 

2  10 

0  22 

0  16 

1890  

2  67 

0  62 

0  42 

0  08 

0  61 

0  00 

1891  

0  18 

1  99 

0  57 

0  05 

1892  

0.42 

0  85 

2  07 

0  13 

0  43 

0  37 

1893  

0  59 

1  10 

2  42 

0  °4 

0  00 

1894  

0  47 

0  45 

0  64 

1895  ... 

2  79 

0  63 

0  34 

0  31 

0  33 

1896  

1  25 

0  00 

0  84 

1897  

1  35 

2  29 

0  86 

1898  "... 

0  78 

0  62 

0  38 

0  00 

1899  

0  68 

T 

1  39 

1900  

0  69 

0  97 

0  51 

Mean  (25  years) 

0  94 

0  97 

GENERAL    PRECIPITATION    TABLES. 


173 


PRECIPITATION-  OP  CALJFORKIA   (!XCHES  AND  HUNDREDTH*) — Continued. 

DELTA. 


Year.                             Jan. 

Feb.       Mar. 

i 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1883  1  00 

0  00        14.46 

8.49 

9  94 

1884                                                         15  57 

4  55        13.  44 

1885  2  91 

2.53        0  37 

2  54 

0  67 

1886                                                     I      9  95 

0  50        3  52 

1887..     -                                            !      3.84 

10  °7        3.37 

5  53 

1  26 

1888  10.40 

4  67        1  70 

0  00 

2  45 

3  30 

1889                                                          0  15 

1  02       37  52 

2.91 

5  81 

1890  17.18 

21  11       16.50 

4.78 

2.33 

0  00 

1891                                                          3.  72 

13  70        2.06 

ft  05 

1892  555 

4  01        8.34 

6  31 

5  22 

1893                                                          3  17 

2.10       11  90 

8.90 

3.30 

1894  14  30 

3  70         2.60 

o  75 

3  50 

1895                                                    •    is.  55 

7  08         7  72 

1896  31  42 

0  GO       11  81 

16  7** 

1897  4  66 

7  13        4  63 

1  30 

0  00 

2.75 

1898.                                                   !      0  75 

13.55        0  00 

1  35 

5  85 

1899  8  19 

5  95       11  81 

0  65 

1  10 

4.05 

1900                                                         12.25 

4  60        9  45 

8  59 

Mean  (18  vears)  _             9.09 

5  95         8  96 

6  01 

4  01 

1  59 

0  13 

0  01 

DUXSIGAX,  yOLO  COtrXTY. 


1877  2.19 

0  86 

0  31 

0  00 

0  1° 

0  00 

T 

1838.                      10  50 

6  28 

1  94 

0  44 

0  52 

1879  2.  35 

2.10 

4  39 

1  22 

0  86 

0  15 

0  00 

1880                       0  70 

0  88 

-- 

6  06 

1881..   .  .                  5  67 

1  45 

0  67 

1  23 

0  20 

1882  1  00 

2.04 

2  33 

1  23 

0  00 

0  12 

0  00 

0  00 

1883.                        2.05 

0  35 

3  65 

0  72 

4  67 

0  00 

1884  2.36 

3  21 

5  78 

2  78 

T 

o  59 

0  00 

1885                         1  66 

0  32 

0  13 

1  10 

0  00 

1886  "..     .           8  37 

T 

1  69 

3  61 

0  18 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1887                         0  97 

6  93 

1  13 

o  4j 

0  00 

M8R.  4  18 

1  03 

3  39 

0  00 

1  6° 

0  00 

0  00 

1889                         0  27 

0  60 

6  17 

1  49 

0  28 

1890.   .                      7  22 

3  62 

3.90 

1  16 

1  91 

0  00 

1891  0.59 

9  60 

0  66 

9  09 

1  75 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1892.                        o  66 

-. 

0  87 

0  00 

1893  346 

3  64 

4.64 

0  94 

0  69 

0  00 

0  00 

1S94                         5  78 

9  05 

0  93 

0  48 

1  78 

1895.                        10  38 

0  76 

1  23 

1  46 

0  30 

0  00 

0  04 

1896  15.  13 

0  11 

- 

5  45 

0  79 

0  00 

0  04 

0  37 

1897.                         3  90 

4  99 

1  52 

0  42 

0  26 

0  35 

T 

1896.                         2  03 

3  24 

0  25 

0  14 

1  67 

0  09 

0  00 

0  00 

1899  7.00 

T 

4  29 

0  30 

0  44 

0  61 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00    3  33 

1900  4  15 

0  10 

2.10 

1  48 

* 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

Mean  (24  vears)           4  36 

2  35 

2.40 

1  54 

0  94 

0  20 

T 

174 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 

PRECIPITATION  OF  CALIFORNIA  (INCHES  AND  HUNDREDTHS) — Continued. 
DUNSMUIR,  SISKIYOU  COUNTY. 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1889                                      

1.30 

0.33 

4.39 

2.43 

7.06 

1.12 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

20.15 

11.65 

20.57 

69.00 

1890                                           

23.60 

16.50 

11.85 

11.85 

2.15 

0.40 

0.00 

0.05 

0.90 

0.00 

0.00 

8.05 

75.60 

1891                    

0.55 

2.59 

2.70 

4.95 

3.07 

2.88 

0.67 

0.07 

1.52 

2.13 

2.32 

9.65 

33.10 

1892 

2.41 

3.31 

5.30 

5.48 

3.96 

1.22 

0.35 

0.00 

0.05 

2.68 

7.47 

14.03 

46.26 

1893                                             -   .. 

3.65 

6.40 

13.30 

8.75 

4.06 

0.00 

0.20 

0.00 

3.27 

1.15 

11.35 

5.08 

57.21 

1894 

17.53 

7.60 

6.05 

1.70 

4.35 

2.10 

0.00 

0.20 

0.20 

9.65 

2.90 

29.30 

81.58 

1895                            

15.30 

6.50 

8.15 

2.55 

4.40 

0.00 

1.55 

0.00 

5.75 

0.05 

1.40 

4.39 

50.09 

18%                                            

22.25 

1.54 

10.23 

11.43 

6.22 

0.17 

0.34 

0.00 

1.46 

0.00 

11.07 

13.94 

78.65 

1897                

4.08 

10.63 

6.33 

1.02 

0.14 

2.35 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

2.78 

4.34 

4.98 

36.65 

1898                         

9.76 

10.62 

0.00 

1.20 

4.20 

1.50 

0.00 

0.00 

0.53 

1.71 

2.98 

11.43 

43.93 

1899                                   .--     .     . 

6.80 

0.50 

10.31 

0.48 

1.60 

1.90 

0.00 

0.90 

T. 

7.10 

15.29 

7.40 

52.28 

1900  

9.93 

3.32 

6.27 

4.85 

3.18 

0.90 

0.00 

T. 

1.20 

6.13 

7.16 

8.29 

51.23 

9.76 

5.82 

7.07 

4.72 

3.72 

1.21 

0.26 

0.10 

1.24 

4.46 

6.49 

11.43 

56.30 

ELDORADO,  ELDORADO  COUNTY. 
[Elevation,  1,609  feet.] 


1889               

0.31 

0.38 

8.41 

1.60 

7.50 

0.12 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

7.46 

6.32 

14.94 

47.04 

1890 

12.48 

5.74 

10.09 

3.00 

3.45 

0.00 

0.00 

1.77 

0.10 

0.00 

5.48 

42.11 

1891...      

1.07 

6.93 

6.71 

3.52 

0.93 

0.95 

0.00 

0.00 

0.09 

0.85 

1.08 

9.09 

31.  2J 

1892                 .  .  .. 

3.48 

5.75 

7.24 

3.61 

4.91 

0.15 

0.00 

0.00 

0.08 

2.04 

7.80 

10.33 

45.39 

1893 

5.40 

2.56 

8.02 

3.13 

1.51 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.14 

0.65 

4.58 

4.26 

31.25 

1894       

8.74 

11.90 

2.25 

1.63 

3.98 

1.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.67 

3.52 

1.05 

14.37 

49.11 

1895 

13.80 

4.18 

3.94 

4.06 

2.34 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.41 

0.00 

0.78 

3.79 

34.30 

1896  

13.82 

0.15 

7.80 

9.56 

2.59 

0.00 

0.00 

0.03 

0.41 

1.00 

9.49 

3.62 

48.47 

1897         

3.51 

4.50 

7.63 

1.65 

0.23 

0.55 

0.00 

0.00 

0.17 

2  54 

2.21 

2.88 

25.87 

1898 

1  43 

6  19 

0  86 

0  53 

2  67 

0  60 

0.00 

0  00 

0.37 

0.95 

2.45 

2.70 

18.75 

1899     

4.60 

0.57 

13.10 

1.02 

1.80 

1.57 

0.00 

0.06 

0.00 

7.18 

6.19 

6.73 

42.82 

1900 

3  87 

1  99 

5  15 

3  40 

1  70 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0.10 

3  26 

811 

2  23 

29.81 

6  04 

4  24 

6  77 

3  06 

2  80 

0  41 

0  00 

0  01 

0  52 

2  46 

4.17 

6  70 

37.18 

ELMIRA,  SOLANO  COUNTY. 
[Elevation,  75  feet.] 


1886 

8  01 

0  00 

1  35 

4  22 

0  14 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  38 

0  00 

1, 
o  72     ig  82 

1887  

1.01 

7.10 

,  0.55 

2.06 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  76 

3  41  '    14  39 

1888             .  . 

4.81 

1  49 

3  92 

T 

0  45 

0  19 

0  00 

0  00 

0  08 

0  00 

0  28 

4  47     15  69 

1889 

0  32 

0  88 

6  32 

0  59 

1  67 

0  15 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

6  54 

0  °0 

9  96     96  63 

1890  

8.68 

4.08 

5  26 

1  05 

1  86 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  35 

0  00 

0  00 

3  74     25  0*' 

1891 

0  75 

8  87 

1  65 

1  72 

0  60 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  35 

0  00 

0  27 

4  92     19  OS 

1892 

2  81 

4  04 

1  94 

1  77 

2  82 

0  00 

1893         

4.71 

2  85 

4  40 

0  90 

0  76 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  16 

0  18 

3  02 

1  76     18  74 

1894 

8  12 

4  20 

0  97 

0  57 

1  08 

0  63 

0  00 

3  17 

1895  

11.61 

3  11 

1  60 

1  57 

0  68 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  87 

0  04 

2  38 

1  91  '    23  67 

1896 

16  16 

0  31 

4  63 

7  68 

0  87 

0  00 

0  00 

1897 

3  72 

7  15 

4  52 

0  39 

0  00 

1898  

0  93 

3  33 

0  19 

0  46 

1  33 

0  00 

0  00 

1899 

5  33 

0  00 

7  60 

0  58 

0  03 

1900 

3  36 

0  43 

1  91 

1  18 

Mean  (15  years)  

5.36 

3  19 

3  11 

1  65 

0  85 

0  16 

GENERAL    PRECIPITATION   TABLES. 


175 


PRECIPITATION  OF  CALIFORNIA  (INCHES  AND  HUNDREDTHS)— Continued. 

FALLBROOK,  SAN  DIEGO  COUNTY. 
[Elevation,  700  feet.] 


Year. 

-  Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

NOT. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1876  f... 

6.17 

3.78 

2.77 

0  15 

0  61 

0  00 

0  15 

0  00 

0  20 

0  23 

0  07 

0  08 

1877. 

3.41 

0  59 

2  28 

0  55 

1  11 

0  00 

0  00 

T 

0  00 

0  59 

0  58 

1878  

3.19 

8.01 

2  08 

4  63 

1  41 

0  33 

0  00 

T 

0  00 

0  32 

0  25 

1  64 

1879. 

3  21 

0  90 

0  29 

0  83 

0  03 

0  23 

0  00 

0  05 

0  00 

0  42 

3  61 

1880 

1  46 

1  86 

2  12 

4.99 

0  05 

0  02 

0  03 

0  26 

in  111 

TO  741 

1881. 

13  511 

0  73 

0  93 

0  67 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  57 

L<f.££J 

1882  

2.65 

4.02 

2.42 

1  64 

0  09 

0  26 

T 

0  12 

0  03 

0  70 

1  01 

0  33 

1883 

3.46 

2  68 

1  89 

1  23 

1  87 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

2.96 

1884 

3  56 

15  36 

10  90 

3  13 

1  0** 

0  52 

0  00 

1885 

0  92 

0  13 

0  29 

2.60 

0  29 

0  11 

0  00 

0  02 

0  00 

0  00 

1886  

9.76 

1  13 

4  70 

3  43 

0  00 

0  14 

T 

0  11 

0  12 

0  04 

1  95 

1887 

0  28 

5  65 

0  05 

2  02 

0  24 

0  06 

0  05 

0  00 

0  20 

1888  

3  89 

2  55 

5  88 

0  28 

0  si 

0  02 

0  03 

0  00 

0  00 

0  80 

3  48 

1889 

1  49 

2  35 

7  97 

0  63 

0  47 

0.11 

0  00 

0  07 

1890  

5  14 

2  22 

0  80 

0  09 

0  30 

0  02 

0  oo 

0  26 

0  49 

0  00 

0  58 

1891  

0.40 

11  93 

0  56 

1  35 

0  89 

0  00 

0  02 

0  00 

0  13 

0  02 

0  01 

1892 

1  10 

4  59 

2.71 

0  62 

1  46 

0  19 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  32 

1893  

3  40 

3  72 

8.06 

0  49 

0  29 

0  00 

0  13 

0  00 

0  06 

0  86 

1894 

0  87 

1  10 

1  36 

0  08 

0  31 

0  00 

0  04 

0  18 

0  38 

1895  

12  52 

1  59 

2.14 

0  61 

0  24 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  go 

0  06 

1  46 

1896 

3  45 

T 

3  44 

0  26 

0  13 

0  00 

0  05 

0  05 

1897  • 

4  20 

6  61 

4.37 

0  06 

0  21 

0  00 

0  01 

T 

T 

2.82 

1898  

2.65 

071 

1  48 

0  46 

2.23 

0  07 

T 

T 

T 

0  00 

0  02 

1899 

3  51 

0  66 

2  23 

0  16 

0  18 

0  90 

0  00 

0  03 

0  00 

1  25 

1900  

3.26 

0  29 

0  76 

1  00 

1  76 

T 

0  00 

0  00 

0  06 

0  23 

5  06 

0  00 

Mean  (25  years)  

3  50 

3  33 

0  98 

1  28 

0  64 

0  1° 

0  02 

0  05 

0  11 

0  74 

1  49 

FARMINGTON,  SAN  JOAQUIN  COUNTY. 
[Elevation,  111  feet.] 


1877  

5.71 

5.07 

0.86 

1.25 

0.29 

0.04 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  19 

0  90 

1  62 

15  93 

1878 

6  43 

4.91 

3.05 

0  63 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

T 

0  55 

0  51 

0  41 

1879.. 

2.73 

2.81 

3  15 

1.99 

1  01 

0  30 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  70 

0  86 

2.25 

15  80 

1880  

1.63 

1.80 

1.08 

7.31 

1.31 

0.00 

0.00 

0  00 

0  00 

T 

0  40 

6  04 

19  57 

1881 

2.40 

2.78 

1  30 

•  0  18 

0  00 

0  10 

0  00 

0  00 

0  17 

0  44 

0  55 

1  go 

9  54 

1882  

2.10 

2.35 

3.05 

2.55 

0.13 

0.13 

0  00 

0  00 

0  30 

2  23 

1  90 

1  51 

16  25 

1883 

2.70 

0  78 

2  90 

1  42 

3  06 

0.00 

0  00 

0  00 

•  o  76 

1  66 

0  79 

0  73 

1884   

1.44 

5.04 

6.53 

4.72 

0.35 

1.32 

0  00 

0  00 

0  09 

1  15 

0  00 

6  21 

26  85 

1885 

1  03 

0  00 

0  16 

0  46 

0  00 

0  17 

0  00 

T 

T 

0  00 

6  95 

1  37 

1886. 

4.60 

0.41 

1.87 

5.01 

0.19 

0.00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  27 

.  -  , 

1  37 

14.61 

1887  

0.36 

3.37 

0.29 

2.89 

0.00 

T. 

0.00 

0  00 

0  39 

T 

0  20 

.  . 

9  82 

1888 

3.82 

0.15 

3.52 

0.07 

0.92 

0  00 

T 

0  00 

0  66 

0  00 

2.93 

1  75 

13  82 

1889  

0.30 

0.70 

3.07 

0.20 

1.88 

T. 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

•  -  • 

3  22 

8  00 

20  19 

1890 

4  63 

1.87 

1.78 

1.87 

1  14 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  63 

0  00 

0  00 

1  96 

13  38 

1891.. 

0.43 

6.*35 

4.04 

1.65 

0.40 

0.00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  08 

0  24 

4  01 

17  20 

1892  

0.97 

2.20 

2.88 

1.23 

2.59 

0.18 

0.00 

P.  00 

0  18 

0  69 

2.38 

6  70 

20  00 

1893 

3.27 

2.41 

6.16 

0.92 

0.40 

0.00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  46 

0  00 

2  19 

1  65 

17  46 

1894 

5  17 

5  17 

0.13 

0.50 

- 

0  68 

0  00 

0  00 

0  75 

1  51 

0  72 

7  74 

1895 

6.01 

2.29 

1.46 

0.53 

0.45 

0.00 

0.00 

0  00 

0  03 

0  19 

1  49 

L26 

13  71 

1896  

6.20 

0.27 

1.89 

4.13 

0.55 

0.00 

0.00 

0  00 

0  00 

1  40 

3  7° 

1  77 

19  93 

1897 

3.09 

5.03 

2.92 

0.42 

0.30 

0.00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1  69 

•  0  74 

- 

lr>  V7 

1898  

0.76 

2.02 

0.97 

0.20 

1.54 

0.00 

0.00 

0  00 

0  58 

0  66 

0  80 

1  53 

9  06 

1899 

3  00 

0.14 

5.33 

0.78 

1.07 

0.10 

0  00 

0  10 

0  00 

3  77 

3  08 

2  33 

19  70 

1900  

1.75 

0.40 

1.28 

3.77 

1.S6 

0.00 

0.00 

0  00 

T 

1  44 

5  62 

1  01 

16  83 

Mean  (24  vears) 

2  94 

2  43 

i  49 

1  84 

0  91 

0  13 

T 

T 

0  21 

0  89 

1  71 

2  77 

176 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 

PRECIPITATION  OF  CALIFORNIA  (INCHES  AND  HUNDREDTHS) — Continued. 

FERNANDO,  LOS  ANGELES  COUNTY. 

[Elevation,  1,066  feet.] 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept, 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1878                         

4.15 

6.89 

2.08 

2.55 

0.36 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.16 

0.09 

1.20 

17.48 

1879                                       

3.97 

0.86 

0.18 

1.41 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.33 

2.15 

6.29 

15.  19 

1880             

0.94 

2.00 

1.14 

2.97 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.86 

4.72 

12.63 

1881                                

1.28 

0.34 

1.75 

0.50 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.95 

0.16 

0.32 

5.30 

1882                                             

0.62 

1.70 

3.21 

1.56 

0.10 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.28 

0.68 

0.00 

8.15 

1883                     

1.32 

3.17 

1.30 

0.13 

2.12 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.70 

0.00 

2.76 

11.50 

1884                                   

3.00 

10.60 

10.51 

3.48 

1.05 

2.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.42 

1.00 

4.% 

37.02 

1885               

0.90 

0.00 

T. 

1.48 

0.21 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

7.94 

1.17 

11.70 

1886                         

6.70 

T. 

3.36 

3.39 

0.00 

0.00 

0.19 

T. 

0.00 

0.78 

0.87 

0.24 

15.53 

1887                                      

0.21 

8.54 

0.27 

2.52 

T. 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

[0.04] 

0.22 

0.90 

1.41 

14.11 

1888               

5.09 

1.39 

3.40 

0.44 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.36 

3.24 

5.40 

19.32 

1889  

0.09 

0.63 

8.95 

0.56 

0.43 

0.00 

0.00 

0.06 

0.32 

6.17 

1.60 

14.40 

33.21 

1890        

5.40 

2.72 

0.53 

0.05 

0.10 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.36 

0.00 

0.18 

1.61 

10.95 

1891                  

0.30 

6.32 

1.23 

0.96 

0.98 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.12 

0.00 

0.00 

1.03 

10.94 

1892                                 

0.57 

2.53 

2.65 

0.21 

1.68 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.40 

1.48 

4.40 

13.92 

1893          

2.63 

3.67 

6.93 

0.56 

O.OH 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.61 

0.05 

2.23 

16.  76 

1894  

0.59 

0.61 

0.75 

0.24 

0.32 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.02 

0.00 

5.82 

8.35 

1895  

7.62 

0.54 

3.72 

0.55 

0.28 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.21 

0.90 

0.61 

14.43 

1896               

2.42 

0.05 

3.32 

0.29 

0.15 

0.00 

0.00 

0.33 

0.00 

1.48 

0.96 

2.12 

11.12 

1897                            .                  .  . 

5.39 

5.58 

2.88 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.66 

0.00 

0.00 

15.51 

1898             

1.42 

0.57 

0.86 

0.10 

1.42 

0.00 

0.17 

0.00 

0.10 

0.25 

0.00 

0.20 

5.09 

1899                            

1.29 

0.00 

1.45 

0.00 

T. 

0.68 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.65 

0.82 

1.04 

6.93 

1900 

1.31 

0.00 

1.45 

0.25 

1.87 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

T. 

0.14 

6.19 

0.00 

11.21 

Mean  (23  vears)  .         .  .. 

2.49 

2.56 

2.69 

1.05 

0.44 

0.12 

0.02 

0.02 

0.04 

0.73 

1.31 

2.69 

14.19 

FOLSOM,  SACRAMENTO  COUNTY. 
[Elevation,  252  feet.] 


1872 

5.50 

4.72 

1.60 

0.63 

0.75 

T. 

0.00 

T. 

T. 

0.25 

2.80 

6.53 

22.  78 

1873  

1.64 

4.05 

0.34 

0.05 

0.03 

0.00 

0.01 

T. 

T. 

T. 

1.39 

10.51 

18.02 

1874    .            ... 

5.26 

2.63 

1.82 

2.03 

O.S1 

T. 

T. 

0.00 

T. 

1.66 

5.19 

0.13 

19.  ft3 

1875 

6  14 

0.04 

1.24 

T. 

0.07 

1.23 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.26 

7.12 

4.49 

20.  59 

1876  

5.89 

4.06 

6.62 

1.56 

0.24 

T. 

0.26 

0.03 

0.00 

3.76 

0.25 

0.00 

22.67 

1877 

3.38 

0.68 

0.81 

T. 

1.02 

T. 

T. 

T. 

0.00 

0.75 

0.54 

1.34 

8.52 

1878 

8  41 

8.37 

4.23 

1  10 

0  26 

0.00 

0.00 

T 

0.12 

0.43 

0.62 

0.56 

24.  10 

1879  

4.87 

4.91 

5.43 

3.38 

1.44 

0.12 

0.00 

T 

0.00 

1.21 

2.20 

3.19 

26.  78 

1880 

1.51 

2  13 

1.40 

11  39 

2  06 

0.00 

T. 

0.00 

0.00 

T. 

0.10 

9.85 

28.44 

1881  

6.70 

6.07 

1.38 

1.13 

T 

0.68 

0.00 

0.00 

0.40 

1.21 

1.57 

3.45 

22.59 

1882 

2.38 

3.01 

3.82 

2.51 

0.27 

0.06 

T. 

0.00 

0.68 

2.81 

3.95 

0.74 

20.  53 

1883 

2  11 

0  80 

5  46 

1  10 

4  67 

0  00 

0  00 

0.00 

1.82 

1.41 

0.81 

0.92 

19.00 

1884  

\3.88 

5.92 

8.14 

5.32 

1.16 

1.64 

0.00 

T. 

1.64 

2.02 

0.00 

6.13 

34.85 

1885         .  . 

1.91 

0.84 

0  15 

1  68 

T 

0.21 

0  02 

T 

0.21 

T. 

10.91 

4.88 

20.81 

1886 

7  60 

0  90 

3  16 

6  78 

0  29 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  CO 

1  34 

0.55 

3.35 

23.97 

1887..'.  

1.27 

9.21 

1.30 

2  84 

0  03 

0  22 

0  00 

T. 

0.38 

0.00 

0.59 

4.82 

20.66 

1888 

5  83 

0  84 

3  08 

0  12 

0  35 

0  27 

0  02 

0  01 

0  57 

0  00 

3.71 

4.32 

19.  12 

1889  

0.32 

0.68 

7.07 

0.61 

2  89 

0.23 

0  00 

0.00 

0.00 

5.70 

4.85 

9.41 

31.76 

1890     

7.67 

5.26 

5  68 

2  08 

2  66 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1  13 

0  06 

0.00 

4.25 

28.78 

1891  

0.60 

4.56 

5.29 

2.22 

1  58 

0.46 

0  10 

0.00 

0.00 

0.20 

0.78 

4.98 

20.  77 

1892  

2.56 

3.03 

4  17 

1  85 

3  91 

0  07 

0  00 

T 

0  14 

1  31 

6  82 

5.11 

28.97 

1893 

4  42 

2  93 

6  93 

2  00 

"  0  72 

0  00 

T 

0  00 

0  43 

0  23 

3  94 

2  60 

24.10 

1894 

5  89 

6  40 

1  13 

0  51 

2  81 

0  99 

0  Qi 

0  03 

0  56 

2  76 

0  89 

11  74 

33  72 

1895  

11.24 

2.59 

2  63 

2  05 

1  43 

0  00 

T 

T 

1  43 

0  09 

2  06 

1  73 

25.15 

1896 

9  11 

0  41 

4  02 

6  44 

1  57 

0  00 

0  00 

0  64 

0  35 

0  90 

6  55 

1  77 

31  80 

1897 

4  57 

7  95 

5  26 

0  74 

0  51 

0  03 

0  CO 

0  09 

0  10 

2  44 

1  02 

1  90 

24  61 

1898 

0  83 

3  90 

0  22 

0  54 

1  35 

0  30 

0  00 

T 

0  '*4 

0  85 

1  54 

''  47 

12  24 

1899 

4  88 

0  07 

7  13 

0  82 

1  17 

0  21 

0  00 

0  06 

0  00 

5  74 

5  45 

[4  181 

29  71 

1900  

4.76 

0.91 

2  27 

2  82 

1  66 

T 

T 

0  00 

0  28 

2  17 

3  99 

1  67 

20  53 

4  52 

3  38 

3  51 

2  22 

1  23 

0  23 

0  01 

0  03 

0  33 

1  36 

2  77 

4  03 

23  61 

GENERAL    PRECIPITATION    TABLES. 


177 


PRECIPITATION  OF  CALIFORNIA  (INCHES  AND  HUJJDREDTHS) — Continued. 

FORT  ROSS,  SONOMA  COUNTY. 

[Elevation.  100  feet.] 


Year.                        j  Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nor. 

Dec, 

Annual. 

1875.  .  .                                                     9  15 

0  69 

3.41 

3.11 

o  oo 

0  45 

1  90 

1876                                                          9  75 

9  31 

14  44 

**  21 

1  16 

1877                                                               9  00 

5  49 

3  95 

0  18 

0  80 

0  78 

0  20 

1878  33.  29 

°9  65 

13  8a 

3  14 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1879                                                               7  78 

11  33 

18  43 

5  0° 

2  04 

0  00 

1880  6  85 

3  53 

4  05 

16  59 

3  13 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1881  1999 

13.88 

JO.OO 

2.97 

2.51 

0  94 

1  83 

0  00 

0  00 

0  75 

3  10 

0  93 

1<<82..                                                       6  56 

'  11  78 

3  01 

4  04 

o  84 

0  13 

0  00 

0  00 

1883  657 

1  40 

9  67 

3  25 

6  50 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

°  32 

1884.                                                             7  16 

7.44 

10  76 

11  79 

0  80 

4  40 

0  00 

0  00 

0  80 

1  85 

1  85 

19  17 

1885                                                          5.  31 

3  58 

1  45 

0  00 

0  <S 

1886  14.62 

0  25 

'3.56 

8  94 

2.04 

u.» 
0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1  86 

0  26 

1887  2.61 

8  35 

1  72 

3.48 

0  17 

0  12 

0  00 

0  00 

1888.                                                       10  79 

2.55 

4  61 

0  00 

0  90 

2.49 

0  22 

0  00 

0  58 

0  00 

4  95 

1W>...                                                     0  97 

1.77 

8  35 

1  54 

3  17 

0  20 

0  00 

1890  12.44 

3  75 

9  87 

3  44 

1  51 

0  13 

0  00 

0  00 

0  19 

1891.                                                             0  94 

12  06 

2.  11 

5  64 

1  43 

*" 

1  07 

1  30 

1892<i  



I.  VI 

1893                                                               7  19 

7  89 

15.52 

5  22 

1  01 

0  00 

1894  18.66 

6  70 

4  25 

*>  37 

3  01 

1  86 

0  00 

0  00 

1895.  28.50 

6  02 

6  57 

2  60 

3  84 

0  00 

1  31 

0  00 

3  93 

5  34 

1896.                        .                                   24  04 

1  38 

5.27 

6  58 

3  64 

0  00 

0  00 

1897  4.74 

11  49 

10  95 

0  78 

0  86 

2.27 

0  00 

0  CO 

1  05 

4  25 

1898  '      2.01 

12  94 

0  40 

0  57 

7  6i 

0  63 

0  00 

0  00 

2.98 

1  8° 

2  74 

1899  !    20  83 

0  85 

16  11 

0  95 

3  9** 

0  04 

0  00 

0  00 

1900  844 

4  39 

6  01 

5  61 

1  35 

0  44 

0  00 

0  00 

0  11 

7  11 

6  00 

••*» 

Mean  (25  vears)  .. 

7.14 

7.25 

3.95 

2.04 

0.75 

0.12 

o.cr> 

0  KS 

3  T> 

5  tV4 

X  fifi 

=*»  71 

FRfTO,  GLENN  COUNTY. 
[Elevation,  624  feet.] 


1889  0  82 

1  42 

6  38 

0  92  '   L33 

0  40    0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

-   x  • 

1890*                       7  58 

1  94 

3.28 

0.81    2,11 

0  21    0  00 

1891..                        0  43 

9  35 

0  52 

3  42  -   1  22 

0  63    0  00 

0  00 

0  15 

0  00 

1892                         ?  00 

3.53 

1  89    4.06 

0  25    0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  50 

5  80    6  80 

27  53 

1893.-                        2.70 

3  80 

6  40 

1  00    0  80 

0  00    0.00 

0  00 

0  **' 

0  00 

1894  5  35 

1  40 

0  38 

0  50    1  70 

0  95    0  00 

0  00 

0  65 

0  80 

0  55    9  75 

22.03 

1895.                        9  90 

1  90 

1  80 

l.WI 

1  25    0  85 

0  00    0  05 

0  00 

1  05 

0  00 

1896.                        10  93 

0  12 

0  NO 

4  40    1  23 

0  65 

1  30 

1  IT 

1  95    6.75 

29  28 

1897  1.95 

4  95 

1  55 

1  10    0  20 

1  10    0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1  03 

13  39 

HWft                       0  -v> 

2.68 

0  05 

0  60    1  90 

0  00    0  00 

0  00 

0  50 

0  50 

7  95 

1899.  .                      7  48 

0  00 

3.95 

0  75    0  75 

0  35    0  00 

0.00 

0  00 

2  10 

3  72    2.68 

21  78 

1900  "      4  20 

0  45 

1.50 

1.70    1.80 

0  20    0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1  90 

2.80    2.45 

17  00 

Meau  (.12  years  t           4  49 

2  63 

2.44 

1  53    1.50 

0  34     T 

0  05 

0  40 

1  40 

1  **"'    4  23 

20  93 

1 

i 

a  Data  missing. 


1176— Bull.  L— 03- 


178 


CLIMATOLOGY  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

PRECIPITATION  OP  CALIFORNIA  (INCHES  AND  HUNDREDTHS)— Continued. 

GALT,  SACRAMENTO  COUNTY. 

[Elevation,  49  feet.] 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1878                                       

5.62 

5.55 

3.67 

0.89 

0.08 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.07 

0.27 

0.60 

0.63 

17.38 

1879                                        

2.74 

3.31 

S.OO 

1.42 

1.40 

0.10 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.80 

1.71 

2.51 

16.99 

IggO                         

1.12 

1.39 

1.29 

7.31 

0.27 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

T. 

6.35 

17.73 

1881                                   

4.43 

2.57 

0.50 

1.75 

0.00 

0.33 

0.00 

0.00 

0.24 

0.39 

0.93 

2.39 

13.53 

1882                

1.35 

1.83 

3.77 

1.87 

0.15 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.05 

2.17 

2.24 

0.25 

13.68 

1883                           

2.35 

0.21 

3.15 

0.81 

4.83 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.62 

1.55 

0.75 

0.85 

15.12 

1884                                       

1.70 

4.09 

5.46 

2.09 

0.58 

1.36 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.31 

0.00 

6.06 

22.65 

1885               

1.30 

0.12 

0.00 

0.82 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

5.56 

2.33 

10.13 

1886                      

6.04 

0.00 

2.69 

3.58 

0.15 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.92 

0.85 

1.76 

15.99 

1887                              

0.61 

5.35 

1.11 

2.56 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.15 

0.00 

0.38 

3.27 

13.43 

1888             

3.97 

0.46 

3.14 

0.40 

0.39 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.92 

0.00 

3.87 

3.14 

16.29 

1889                     

0.20 

0.48 

5.36 

0.05 

2.04 

0.08 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

5.46 

3.77 

7.64 

25.08 

1890  

6.83 

3.31 

2.76 

1.90 

1.87 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.83 

0.00 

0.00 

3.08 

20.64 

1891        1  

4.31 

4.36 

2.78 

1.43 

0.49 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.07 

0.32 

4.32 

18'.  08 

1892             

0.71 

1.78 

3.76 

1.10 

3.05 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.10 

1.78 

5.37 

7.96 

25.61 

1893                         

3.42 

2.89 

4.49 

2.18 

0.62 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.16 

0.00 

3.52 

1.49 

18.77 

1894 

4.02 

5.93 

0.66 

0.61 

3.60 

0.63 

0.00 

0.00 

1.32 

1.11 

0.70 

9.29 

27.87 

1895                    

9.09 

3.00 

1.66 

1.29 

0.70 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.05 

0.24 

1.39 

1.47 

19.89 

1896                              

10.72 

0.02 

2.69 

5.09 

0.91 

0.00 

0.00 

0.32 

T. 

0.74 

4.24 

2.46 

27.19 

1897           

2.74 

5.87 

4.55 

0.27 

0.27 

0.05 

0.00 

0.00 

0.17 

1.85 

0.49 

1.17 

17.43 

1898 

0.72 

2.18 

[0.  15] 

[0.30] 

[0.60] 

[0.05] 

0.00 

0.00 

0.20 

0.30 

1.15 

2.35 

8.00 

1899                                

3.50 

0.00 

8.00 

T. 

0.30 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

4.44 

2.90 

2.60 

21.74 

1900  

2.40 

0.50 

1.30 

1.60 

2.20 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.30 

4.22 

1.20 

14.72 

Mean  (23  vears)        

3.47 

-     2.40 

2.87 

1.71 

1.06 

0.11 

0.00 

0.01 

0.26 

1.07 

1.95 

3.23 

18.17 

GEORGETOWN,  ELDORADO  COUNTY. 
[Elevation,  2,650  feet.J 


1873    .             

4.08 

13.05 

3.05 

3.11 

0.12 

0.00 

0.03 

0.00 

0.00 

0.61 

0.55 

16.60 

41.20 

1874 

16.66 

8.03 

13.87 

5.80 

1.32 

1.20 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

3.86 

14.60 

1.24 

65.58 

1875     

17.87 

0.04 

5.07 

0.31 

2.03 

2.06 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.90 

24.10 

10.85 

64.25 

1876                                .... 

13.09 

9.97 

14.54 

4.78 

1.22 

0.00 

0.77 

0.00 

0.00 

11.47 

0.80 

0.00 

56.64 

1877 

12.44 

2.14 

7.78 

1.74 

3.87 

0.24 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.03 

4.30 

1.97 

35.51 

1878               

16.21 

22.78 

10.92 

2.99 

0.99 

0.12 

0.00 

o.oo 

0.66 

2.56 

2.66 

0.48 

60.37 

1879 

11.24 

12.41 

17.57 

9.65 

3.39 

0.34 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

3.85 

6.25 

11.73 

76.43 

1880 

5  47 

6  00 

5.50 

25  63 

5.97 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.18 

0.37 

22.67 

71.79 

1881               

20.83 

12.85 

3.84 

2.40 

0.40 

2.28 

0.00 

0.00 

2.02 

4.23 

3.30 

10.32 

62.47 

1882 

8.59 

6.88 

10.44 

7.11 

2.06 

0.18 

0.00 

0.00 

0.16 

7.75 

7.00 

3.31 

52.  48 

1883  

4.70 

3.08 

8.73 

3.87 

7.34 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.60 

4.10 

1.94 

3.50 

38.86 

1884 

7.53 

13.80 

19.94 

15.07 

1.52 

3.65 

0.00 

0.01 

0.80 

3.54 

0.03 

33.73 

99.62 

1885 

4  37 

0  82 

0  24 

3  98 

0  19 

2  28 

0  03 

0.00 

1.16 

0.00 

20.77 

7.03 

40.87 

1886  

18.32 

1.16 

7.75 

15.04 

1.76 

0.06 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

3.43 

1.79 

6.90 

56.21 

1887 

3  36 

15  79 

2.40 

6  54 

0  93 

0  18 

0  00 

0  00 

0.53 

0.00 

1.44 

7.66 

38.83 

1888 

12  59 

2  79 

5  47 

1  05 

0  38 

1  66 

0  04 

0  00 

0  41 

0  00 

4.67 

7.99 

36.95 

1889  .   . 

0.66 

0.68 

12  29 

2  77 

7  07 

0  25 

0  00 

0  00 

0.00 

10.45 

9.70 

22.94 

66.81 

1890 

19  90 

8  96 

14  70 

3  86 

4  66 

0  10 

0  00 

0  00 

3  00 

0  00 

0.00 

7.65 

62.83 

1891 

0  06 

10  39 

10  00 

3  79 

2  71 

2  22 

0  42 

0  00 

0  17 

1  80 

1  59 

3  74 

36  89 

1892... 

5.48 

8-44 

7  90 

7  47 

7  58 

0  38 

T 

0  00 

0  57 

3  11 

33  31 

15.76 

70.00 

1893 

8  44 

8  20 

17  69 

6  34 

1  51 

0  00 

T 

T 

2  06 

1  60 

10  94 

7  19 

63  97 

1894  

13.89 

16  25 

4.74 

2  40 

5.25 

1  61 

0  20 

1  26 

6.22 

1.53 

20  93 

74.28 

1895  

20  52 

7  69 

4  67 

4  77 

4  30 

0  00 

0  03 

0  07 

2  64 

0  20 

2  18 

7  27 

54  34 

1896  

19.55 

0.77 

11.28 

16.51 

4  81 

0  00 

0  20 

0  10 

0  83 

1  76 

17.18 

6.37 

79.36 

1897  

4  83 

18  26 

13  65 

2  40 

[4  361 

1  00 

0  00 

0  04 

0  30 

4  25 

4  09 

5  57 

58.75 

1898  .     . 

2  13 

8  83 

1  80 

0  92 

2  78 

1  23 

0  00 

T 

0  53 

2  22 

4  34 

3  35 

28.13 

1899 

8  59 

0  61 

21  39 

1  60 

2  32 

1  61 

0  00 

0  14 

0  00 

9  87 

10  33 

11  91 

68  37 

1900  

5.07 

4  29 

6  65 

5  46 

1  88 

0  13 

0  08 

0  00 

1  00 

5  49 

[6  201 

4  16 

40  41 

Mean  (28  years)  

10.23 

8  00 

9  42 

5  98 

2  95 

0  91' 

0  09 

0  02 

0  70 

3  41 

6  28 

9  39 

57.22 

GENERAL    PRECIPITATION    TABLES. 


179 


PRECIPITATION  OF  CALIFORNIA  (INCHES  AND  HUNDREDTHS) — Continued. 

ISDIO,  RIVERSIDE  COUNTY. 

[Elevation,  -20  feet.] 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May, 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept 

= 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1878  

0.10 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

000 

0  00 

1  00 

1  10 

1879 

0  60 

0  30 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1880  

0.00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  70 

0  TO 

1881 

3  45 

0  00 

0  50 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1882  

1  50 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1  00 

0  00 

2  50 

1883 

0  80 

1  13 

0  11 

0  oo 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  Ofi 

1884  

0  00 

3  16 

0  62 

0  44 

0  46 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  70 

5  38 

1885 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  10 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1886  

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  12 

1887... 

0  00 

0  93 

0  00 

0  30 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

T 

0  05 

188*  

0  75 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1  10 

1889 

0  57 

0  00 

1  05 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  95 

1890  

0  65 

0  06 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  10 

0  20 

0  00 

1891 

0  00 

1  90 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1892  

2  00 

0  43 

0  22 

0  04 

0  34 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1893  

0.03 

0  00 

1  60 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  05 

0  75 

0  07 

0  00 

T 

1894. 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

T 

0  00 

1895  

6.01 

0  00 

0  00 

•  0  00 

0  00 

T 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1896 

0  92 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1897  

1.10 

0  19 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

2.10 

0  00 

1898 

0  10 

0  00 

0  30 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1899  

0  40 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  10 

0  00 

1900 

1  00 

0  00 

0  30 

0  15 

T 

0  00 

0  00 

0  87 

0  35 

0  "0 

0  04 

0  03 

T 

T 

IONE,  AMADOR  COUNTY. 
[Elevation,  287  feet.] 


1878.. 

5  28 

7  02 

3  33 

1  10 

0  19 

U.13 

0  00 

1879  

2.82 

3  76 

3  88 

2.99 

1  69 

0  15 

0  00 

0  00 

1880.. 

1  33 

2  39 

1  60 

7  39 

1  60 

0  00 

1881  

3.45 

3  07 

1  34 

1  97 

0  00 

0  33 

0  00 

1882..  . 

2  87 

- 

5  10 

3  00 

0  27 

0  04 

1883  

2  57 

0  80 

3  57 

0.0* 

1  91 

3  04 

0  00 

0  00 

1884  

*>.81 

6.13 

7  87 

6  51 

0  39 

2  03 

0  00 

0  00 

0  20 

1885  

1  74 

0  00 

0  10 

1  55 

0  00 

0  43 

0  00 

1886 

5  15 

0  07 

'2  40 

6  06 

0  84 

0  00 

1887  

0  83 

7  26 
t.m 

1  55 

1  44 

0  10 

0  00 

0  00 

1888 

4  60 

1  16 

0  70 

0  22 

0  00 

1889  .. 

0  12 

0  30 

5  33 

0  25 

-  -.- 

T 

0  00 

1890  

4  94 

3.75 

4.87 

2  50 

2.05 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1891. 

0  40 

2.30 

4  14 

2  11 

0  20 

0  30 

1892  

2  00 

2.85 

4  45 

1  40 

0  07 

0  00 

1893. 

3  30 

1  22 

5  70 

0  23 

0  39 

0  00 

1894  

4  44 

6  03 

0  35 

0  51 

3  39 

0  46 

0  00 

1895. 

rs  oo] 

2  49 

0  50 

3  36 

1  88 

0  00 

189G  

5  49 

0  14 

4  06 

3  76 

2.89 

0  00 

0  00 

1897 

2  79 

7  10 

5  74 

0  91 

0  42 

0  26 

1898  

0  68 

3  30 

0  12 

0  41 

1  71 

0  oo 

0  00 

1899 

3  29 

0  22 

9  00 

0  05 

0  23 

1  78 

1900  

2  26 

0  56 

3  00 

2.81 

1  09 

0  12 

0  00 

1  •» 

Mean  1,23  vearsi 

— 

2  77 

3  44 

'*  30 

1  22 

0  26 

0  00 

180 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF   CALIFORNIA. 

PRECIPITATION  OP  CALIFORNIA  (INCHES  AND  HUNDREDTIIS) — Continued. 

IOWA  HILL,  PLACER  COUNTY. 

[Elevation  2,825  feet.] 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1879        

12.50 

12.50 

18.25 

7.87 

3.25 

0.25 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

3.50 

3.63 

1  13.35 

75.10 

1880                            

5.00 

6.10 

7.88 

18.87 

6.25 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.75 

0.75 

20.80 

66.40 

1881                                       

20.75 

10.50 

4.62 

3.15 

0.13 

2.12 

0.00 

0.00 

2.50 

4.25 

3.90 

10.56 

62.  48 

1882                    

8.92 

6.80 

10.43 

7.59 

1.55 

0.73 

0.00 

0.00 

0.35 

8.50 

6.63 

2.69 

54.13 

1883                         

4.37 

4.24 

10.63 

3.67 

7.22 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.75 

4.54 

2.02 

3.75 

41.19 

1884    

8.05 

11.26 

16.50 

13.22 

1.60 

2.52 

0.00 

0.00 

1.60 

2.43 

0.00 

24.22 

81.40 

1885                    :  . 

3.03 

1.48 

0.68 

2.93 

0.05 

1.60 

0.00 

0.00 

1.20 

0.00 

15.82 

6.14 

32.93 

1886                                

10.89 

0.68 

6.46 

12.19 

1.87 

0.00 

0.00 

T. 

0.00 

2.28 

0.80 

5.75 

40.92 

1887        

3.61 

15.61 

2.23 

6.55 

0.78 

0.00 

'o.oo 

0.05 

0.48 

0.00 

0.95 

6.52 

36.78 

1888             

11.73 

2.41 

4.59 

1.47 

1.14 

2.60 

0.06 

T. 

0.35 

0.00 

3.78 

8.14 

36.27 

1889                              

0.58 

0.71 

12.12 

4.20 

8.26 

0.22 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

9.20 

8.49 

21.04 

64.82 

1890             

20.87 

10.74 

14.  12 

3.02 

3.48 

U08 

0.00 

T. 

2.  29 

0.35 

0.00 

7.34 

62.29 

1891                  

1.96 

10.52 

8.28 

3.55 

2.03 

2.13 

0.83 

0.00 

0.30 

0.98 

1.51 

11.64 

43.73 

1892                                          

4.01 

5.36 

7.11 

6.02 

6.57 

0.41 

0.00 

0.00 

0.51 

2.51 

8.21 

11.88 

52.59 

1893                

6.91 

5.80 

12.94 

6.69 

1.44 

0.00 

T. 

0.00 

1.81 

1.35 

8.30 

5.37 

50.61 

1894                                      

11.07 

12.25 

4.20 

2.10 

4.03 

1.64 

T. 

0.51 

0.78 

4.06 

1.48 

17.57 

59.69 

1895      

18.64 

5.57 

4.60 

3.93 

3.92 

0.00 

0.03 

0.27 

2.91 

0.17 

1.61 

5.87 

47.  52 

1896                  

17.77 

0.70 

10.93 

14.01 

4.58 

0.00 

O.H 

0.06 

1.00 

0.49 

13.42 

5.13 

68.20 

1897                                          -     -.. 

3.44 

15.83 

11.33 

2.15 

0.15 

1.32 

0.00 

0.00 

0.45 

3.09 

3.49 

5.31 

16.56 

1898           

2.04 

8.10 

1.68 

0.99 

2.8S 

1.49 

T. 

0.00 

0.44 

1.87 

4.03 

2.84 

26.31 

1899                                 

6.93 

0.83 

18.06 

1.15 

2.41 

1.15 

0.00 

0.32 

0.00 

9.18 

9.08 

8.15 

57.  26 

1900 

4.43 

3.39 

6.40 

4.59 

2.59 

0.10 

0.05 

0.00 

0.99 

5.67 

9.65 

3.16 

41.02 

Mean  (22  vears)  . 

8.57 

6.88 

8.82 

5.91 

3.01 

0.83 

0.  05 

0.06 

0.83 

3.74 

4.89 

9.42 

5.'.  15 

IRVINE,  ORANGE  COUNTY. 


1877 

2.14 

0.23 

1.18 

0.60 

1.02 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.17 

4.11 

9.  4."> 

1878      

2.51 

6.53 

2.19 

2.55 

1.24 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.21 

0.00 

•  1.35 

16.88 

1879             

1.99 

0.82 

0.54 

0.84 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.44 

3.67 

4.C8 

12.98 

1880 

0  93 

1.66 

1.32 

3.88 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.55 

0.25 

4.87 

13.46 

1881          

1.85 

0.30 

1.27 

0.40 

0.00 

0.00 

o.ou 

o.oo 

O.OD 

0.59 

0.45 

0.13 

4.99 

1882 

1.37 

1  91 

2.23 

0.84 

0.22 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.71 

0.90 

0.17 

8.35 

1883  

0.85 

1.12 

1.19 

0.56 

2.06 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

o.oo 

0.91 

0.00 

2.58 

9.27 

1884 

4.46 

12.13 

9.33 

1.  56 

1.68 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.33 

0.96 

4.97 

35.42 

1885 

0  34 

0  00 

0  55 

2  46 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0.00 

0.00 

0  32 

3.09 

1.08 

7  84 

1886  

6.37 

1.13 

2.34 

2.05 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.10 

0.60 

0.31 

12.90 

1887 

0  40 

5  23 

0  32 

1  63 

0.62 

0  00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1  07 

1  78 

10  95 

1888   

5.59 

1.11 

7.78 

0.20 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.90 

2.28 

5.31 

23.17 

1889          ...  . 

0.45 

1  25 

4  33 

0  30 

0  60 

0  00 

0  00 

0  12 

0.00 

1  39 

2  32 

11.86 

22  62 

1890 

4  33 

1  19 

1  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  54 

0  00 

0  15 

2  44 

9  65 

1891          

0.21 

9  34 

0.70 

0.88 

0  50 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

2.95 

14  58 

1892 

0  99 

2  46 

2  40 

0  7J 

2  63 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  17 

1  33 

1  67 

12  35 

1893  

3.84 

2.34 

8.37 

0  38 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1  46 

0  30 

2  27 

18.96 

1894 

0  94 

0  43 

0  61 

0  14 

0  27 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  24 

0  09 

0  00 

5  32 

8  04 

1895  

7.08 

1.07 

2.65 

0  47 

0  08 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1  73 

0  51 

13  59 

1896  

3.44 

3  76 

0  00 

0  03 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1  04 

1  16 

1  74 

11  17 

1897 

3  64 

3  92 

•>  85 

0  05 

0  11 

o  oo 

0  00 

0  00 

0  20 

1  21 

0  07 

0  03 

I9  08 

1898  

2.07 

0.14 

0  81 

0  44 

0  85 

0  00 

o  oo 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  06 

4  37 

1899 

3  82 

0  55 

1  35 

0  23 

T 

0  63 

o  oo 

T 

0  12 

1  14 

0  54 

0  68 

9  06 

1900 

2  19 

T 

0  43 

1  09 

1  07 

0  03 

0  00 

0  00 

5  14 

0  00 

10  lr> 

2  58 

2  44 

2  34 

0  93 

0  54 

0  03 

T 

2  54 

GENERAL    PRECIPITATION    TABLES. 


181 


PRECIPITATION  OF  CALIFORNIA   (INCHES  AND  HrsDREDTHs) — Continued. 
KEELER.  IXYO  COfXTY. 


Year.                             Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar.       Apr. 

May.      June. 

July. 

Aug.      Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

> 

1MB.                                                     0.00 

0.00 

0.12        0.82 

| 
0.00         0.08 

0.00 

0.11        0.00 

0.25 

0.65 

0.36 

2.39 

1886           0.49 

0.14 

0.60         0.40 

0.00        0.00 

0.14 

0.08        0.00 

0.01 

0.08 

0.00 

1.94 

1887                                                              T 

0.93 

0.00    '    1.14 

0.04            T. 

0.52 

0.00        1.C8 

0.84, 

0.01 

0.48 

5.04 

1888               0.70 

1.21 

0.30  '      0.12 

0.30        0.20 

0.17 

0.10  !      0.06 

0.00 

1.68 

0.82 

5.66 

1889                                                              0  04 

T 

0  52        0  12 

O.C6        0.01 

0.00 

T.  I      0.08 

0.56 

0.05 

0.56 

2.00 

1890                           0.42 

0.01 

T.  j      0.10 

0.20        0.00 

0.00 

1.30        0.40 

0.03 

0.12 

0.16 

3.74 

1891                                                               0  00 

0  98 

0  16         0.10 

0.37        0.30 

0.06 

0.02        0.19 

0.04 

0.00 

0.31 

2.53 

1892                       0.26 

0.19 

0.32  i      0.00 

0.56            T. 

0.00 

T.  •         T. 

0.81 

0.11 

0.54 

2.79 

1893  0.71 

0.73 

0.84  !         T. 

T.         0.00 

0.41 

T.I         T. 

T. 

0.12 

0.78 

3.59 

1894«                                                           T. 

0.29 

0.01            T. 

T.            T. 

0.11 

0.00        0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.05 

1.46 

0  00 

0  00 

T 

1  75 

18%                                                          0.45 

0  00 

T.  '         T 

0.  15           T. 

0.25 

1.42         0.50 

T. 

0.00 

0.25 

3.02 

1897.                                                         0  10 

0.27 

0.13  1      0.00 

T.        0.00 

0.00 

0.19         0.14 

0.15 

T. 

T. 

0.98 

1898                                                              0  00 

0  00 

0  00         0.05 

0.00        0.00 

0.00 

0.00            T. 

0.00 

T. 

0.30 

0.35 

1899                                                               0.40 

[0.45] 

0.00  |      0.01 

T.         0.50 

T. 

T.         0.00 

T. 

1.75 

T. 

3.21 

1900                                                                  T 

0  CO 

0  16  i      1  25 

0  23           T 

0.10 

T.  '      0.35 

0.09 

0.45 

0.00 

2.63 

Mean  (16  years)                         0  25 

0  38 

0  20  1      0  27 

0  12        0  07 

0  11 

0.20         0.18 

0.17 

0.31 

o.as 

2.76 

"  Southern  Pacific  Railway  Company. 
KENNEDY  GOLD  MINE,  AMADOR  COUNTY. 


1892 

2.25 

4  61 

6.60 

3.63 

4.94 

0.73 

0.00 

0.00 

0.38 

1.76 

7.38 

6.99 

39.27 

1893 

5.81 

4.91 

12.04 

3.10 

1.23 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.05 

T. 

5.98 

4.81 

38.93 

1894  

9.31 

11.86 

2.23 

1.48 

5.64 

1.89 

0.00 

0.00 

1.30 

3.69 

1.40 

16.44 

55.25 

1895 

13.11 

5.39 

4.48 

5.08 

3.18 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.71 

0.19 

0.90 

3.62 

37.06 

1896                

11.80 

0.80 

4.80 

11.20 

2.27 

0.00 

0.25 

T. 

0.29 

1.17 

10.71 

4.55 

47.8* 

1897 

6.00 

13.06 

7.02 

1.51 

0.45 

1.06 

0.00 

0.15 

0.37 

3.68 

2.50 

3.26 

39.06 

1898 

1.71 

6.05 

0.88 

1.18 

•>  34 

0.30 

0.00 

0.00 

0  42 

1.13 

2.99 

3.19 

20.19 

1899  

4.43 

0.53 

12.54 

1.53 

2.33 

0.21 

0.40 

0.04 

0.02 

0.85 

6.11 

6.41 

42.27 

1900 

2.90 

1.97 

4.89 

4.44 

1.89 

0.18 

0.00 

0.00 

0.35 

2.70 

8.75 

2.53 

30.60 

6.37 

5.46 

6.16 

3.68 

2.70 

,- 

0.07 

0.02 

0.65 

1.57 

5.75 

5.76 

39.01 

KING  CITY,  MONTEREY  COCNTY. 
[Elevation.  333  feet.] 


1887                                                    !      0.38        5.08 

0.18 

0.58 

0.02        0.09 

0.00 

0.00 

0.06 

0  05 

0.31 

1.99 

8.74 

1888                                                     '      2.85  '      0.70 

2.76 

0.10 

0.01  ;      0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.72 

0.00 

3.73 

2.52 

13.37 

1889  0.92        1.33 

6.13 

0.29 

0.48  i      0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

4.17 

2.74 

8.07 

24.13 

1890                                                          4.34        3.01 

1.13 

0.00 

0.13  !      0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.97 

0.00 

0.12 

1.54 

11.24 

1891  0.40        4.77 

0.52 

0.76 

0.00        0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.02 

2.40 

8.87 

1892                                                          0.66        1.27 

2.08 

0.26 

1.08        0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.42 

2.78 

4.78 

13.33 

1893  1.75        1.63 

3.17 

0.83 

0.27        0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

T. 

0.00 

0.18 

1.30 

9.13 

1894                                                               1  47         0.66 

0.30 

0.06 

0.66        0.18 

0.00 

o.oo- 

1.13 

0.41 

0.25 

4.15 

9.27 

1895...                                                          3.89         0.35 

1.51 

0.40 

0.13  '      0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.05 

1.46 

0.51 

0.49 

8.79 

1896  4.53         0.00 

1.73 

1.84 

0.04        0.00 

0.00 

T. 

0.00 

0.56 

1.92 

1.46 

12.08 

1897                                                          2.07  '      1.20 

°.20 

0.11 

0.00  :      0:07 

0.00 

0.07 

0.00 

0.73 

0.18 

0.32 

6.95 

1898                                                          0  54        1  30 

0.54 

0.05 

0.24        0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.22 

0.27 

1899                                                          3.00        0.18 

2.04 

1.16 

0.13        0.07 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.73 

1.15 

1.21 

10.67 

1900  1.89        0.06 

0.85 

0.82 

0.86        0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.52 

6.33 

0.17 

12.50 

Mean  i  ".4  rears)  2.05        1.51 

1.80 

0.52 

0.29        0.03 

0.00 

T 

0.21 

0.79 

1.46 

2.19 

10.65 

182 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 

PRECIPITATION  OP  CALIFORNIA  (INCHES  AND  HUNDREDTHS)— Continued. 
KNIGHTS  LANDING,  SUTTER  COUNTY. 

[Elevation,  45  feet.] 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1878                            

3.49 

5.64 

2.30 

1.48 

0.25 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.16 

0.24 

0.71 

0.10 

14.37 

1879                                       

2.39 

2.86 

3.42 

2.83 

1.07 

0.16 

0.00 

0.05 

0.00 

0.21 

1.77 

3.93 

18.69 

1880  ... 

1.25 

1.25 

0.76 

6.64 

0.40 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

6.99 

17.29 

1881                         

4.22 

2.87 

1.11 

1.23 

0.25 

0.89 

0.00 

0.00 

0.42 

0.33 

2.04 

2.17 

15.53 

1882 

1.30 

1.75 

2.19 

1.33 

0.16 

0.16 

0.00 

0.00 

0.71 

1.51 

2.58 

0.34 

12.03 

1883                     

1.48 

0.66 

3.11 

0.87 

3.32 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.50 

0.54 

0.45 

11.93 

1884                                

3.68 

3.53 

4.88 

3.15 

0.00 

1.89 

0.00 

0.00 

0.35 

1.45 

0.00 

5.56 

24.49 

1885 

1.42 

0.00 

0.48 

1.59 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

8.00 

4.93 

16.  42 

1886                         

5.63 

0.00 

1.37 

4.25 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.23 

0.00 

1.60 

12.  98 

1887                                             -  - 

1.00 

6.60 

0.75 

2.30 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.57 

3.26 

14.48 

1888           

4.18 

0.91 

2.51 

0.07 

0.43 

0.34 

0.02 

0.00 

0.81 

0.00 

5.72 

4.82 

19.81 

1889                            

2.84 

0.28 

6.53 

0.42 

2.17 

0.41 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

5.28 

3.93 

8.78 

30.64 

1890 

4.80 

4.18 

3.37 

1.02 

1.93 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.40 

0.00 

0.00 

2.37 

18.07 

1891                 

0.53 

9.40 

0.00 

2.16 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.35 

2.64 

15/08 

1892                              ~  

1.75 

2.38 

2.57 

0.91 

2.44 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.59 

5.38 

5.70 

21.72 

1893 

3  21 

2.63 

3.60 

0.75 

0.98 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.15 

0.08 

1.77 

1.72 

14.89 

1894                         

3.42 

1.64 

1.24 

0.32 

1.91 

0.49 

0.00 

0.00 

1.10 

1.02 

0.70 

12.52 

24.36 

1895 

8.73 

1.29 

1.03 

0.57 

0.95 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

2.15 

0.00 

2.01 

3.90 

20.63 

1896  

11.65 

0.21 

2.25 

5.99 

0.95 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.64 

1.22 

4.05 

2.34 

29.30 

1897 

2.97 

5.05 

1.89 

0.25 

1.50 

0.30 

0.00 

0.00 

0.10 

2.05 

0.80 

3.90 

18.81 

1898 

0  49 

3  46 

2  27 

0.34 

1  43 

0.00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  36 

0  88 

0  66 

1  44 

11  33 

1899  

4.87 

0.00 

2.47 

0.15 

0.62 

0.88 

0.00 

T. 

0.00 

5.00 

3.39 

3.78 

23.16 

1900 

3  14 

0  17 

1.88 

1  36 

0  88 

T 

0  00 

0  00 

T 

1  68 

5  20 

0  97 

15  28 

3.41 

2  47 

2.26 

1  74 

0  94 

0  24 

T 

T 

0  32 

1  01 

2  18 

3  66 

18  32 

KONO  TAYEE,  LAKE  COUNTY. 

[Elevation,  1,325  feet.] 


1874  

1.88 
9.16 
6.05 
3.17 
14.16 
3.01 
6.24 
5.50 
1.74 
1.40 
4.17 

3.60 
0.38 
4.22 
2.81 
11.04 
3.41 
3.85 
6.58 
3.20 
0.60 
1.91 

4.62 
0.92 
8.34 
1.40 
4.60 
9.15 
4.74 
0.64 
2.34 
3.81 
5.35 

2.05 
0.00 
0.10 
0.50 
[1.36] 
0.47 
0.48 
0.95 
1.54 
0.95 
3.88 

0.45 
0.84 
0.00 
0.00 
[0.  70] 
0.64 
0.25 
0.12 
0.40 
2.41 
0.06 

0.00 
0.42 
0.00 
0.50 
[0.53] 
0.00 
0.00 
0.25 
0.00 
0.00 
4.08 

0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 

0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.07 
0.05 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 

0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.73 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.42 
0.70 
0.00 

3.70 
1.17 
0.20 
•41.65 
0.41 
0.91 
0.00 
0.63 
1.64 
0.99 

6.25 
6.96 
3.50 
2.23 
1.37 
3.57 
3.54 
2.90 
4.42 
0.39 

0.29 
5.12 
0.00 
1.98 
0.33 
5.72 
1.92 
1.77 
0.98 
0.70 

22.84 

24.97 
22.41 
14.97 
34.57 
26.93 
21.02 
19.34 
16.68 
11.95 

1875  

1876 

1877 

1878  

1879 

1880  

1881 

1882  

1883  

1884  

1892  

0.84 
0.42 
1.22 
0.00 
0.73 
1.24 
0.46 
3.78 
3.11 

6.53 
3.76 
0.74 
1.69 
3.33 
1.64 
1.15 
5.56 
3.89 

5.57 
2.34 
10.70 
2.12 
5.93 
2.12 
1.27 
4.14 
1.67 

32.39 
22.89 
28.96 

26.54 
29.37 
17.90 
11.24 
28.26 
18.92 

1893  

3.84 
6.92 
14.45 
9.42 
2.85 
0.71 
7.74 
3.10 

4.15 
4.32 
2.32 
0.25 
4.01 
4.19 
T. 
1.27 

5.41 
1.11 
3.13 
2.31 
3.76 
0.11 
5.43 
2.89 

2.06 
0.91 
0.98 
4.62 
0.90 
0.64 
0.70 
2.32 

0.66 
0.90 
1.14 
1.69 
0.90 
1.67 
0.45 
0.67 

0.00 
1.64 
0.00 
[0.53] 
0.48 
[0.53] 
0.28 
T. 

0.00 
0.00 
0,00 
T. 
0.00 
0.00 
0.18 
0.00 

0.00 
T. 
T. 
0.27 
0.00 
0.00 
T. 
0.00 

0.25 
0.50 
0.71 
0.29 
0.00 
0.51 
0.00 
T. 

1894  

1895  

1896  

1897  

1898  

1899  

1900  

Mean  (19  years) 

5.55 

3.27 

3.69 

1.34 

0.73 

0.49 

0.01 

0.02 

0.22 

1.22 

3.34 

2.97 

22.74 

GENERAL    PRECIPITATION   TABLES. 


183 


PRECIPITATION  OF  CALIFORNIA  (INCHES  AND  HUNDREDTHS) — Continued. 

LAGRAXGE,  STANISLAUS  COUNTY. 

[Elevation,  293  feet.] 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Kov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1868 

3  84 

3  63 

4.67 

1  57 

1  32 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.30 

0.20 

3.25 

18.78 

1889.                 

4.00 

5.13 

3.07 

1.06 

1.15 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.56 

0.69 

0.69 

17.35 

1870 

1  87 

4  32 

1  43 

1.85 

0  43 

0  00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.50 

0.25 

2.10 

12.75 

1871. 

2.19 

2.13 

0.31 

2.55 

0.43 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

2.25 

6.94 

16.80 

1872  

2.69 

5.32 

2.18 

0.80 

0.30 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.12 

7.69 

19.10 

1873 

1.12 

4.67 

0  30 

0.45 

0  00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.14 

4.19 

10.87 

1874  

3.92 

2.32 

2.91 

1.15 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.15 

3.52 

3.54 

0.11 

17.62 

1875. 

2.30 

0  00 

0  41 

0.26 

0  00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

o.co 

0.40 

10.58 

1.9* 

15.93 

1876  

5.63 

2.25 

3.88 

0.67 

0.48 

o.uo 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.55 

0.48 

0.00 

13.94 

1877 

2.59 

0  45 

0  61 

0  00 

1  06 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.68 

1.18 

1.12 

7.69 

1878  

5.58 

5.54 

3.09 

1.67 

0.04 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.05 

0.90 

0.50 

0.20 

17.57 

1879 

1  91 

2.39 

2.16 

2.30 

0  98 

0.15 

0  00 

o.co 

2.35 

1.61 

2.48 

0.60 

16.93 

1880        

2.68 

1  70 

6  04 

2.04 

0  00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.16 

0.92 

4.21 

4.58 

22.33 

1881  

3.52 

1.09 

0.60 

0.04 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.75 

0.60 

1.13 

1.96 

9.69 

1882 

1  10 

1  67 

4  72 

2.25 

0  33 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.51 

1.51 

1.33 

0.51 

13.96 

1883        

2.93 

1.35 

3.58 

1.33 

2.90 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.55 

1.20 

0.84 

0.70 

15.38 

1884 

2.85 

6  07 

6  06 

4  90 

0  79 

1.05 

0.00 

0.00 

0.95 

1.85 

0.02 

6.77 

31.31 

1885 

0.88 

0  03 

0.17 

1.19 

0.00 

0.03 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

10.60 

1.48 

14.38 

1886  

3.79 

0.32 

3.24 

4.56 

0.10 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.22 

i.ao 

0.75 

14.18 

1887 

0.51 

5  11 

0  40 

2.82 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

T. 

0.37 

T. 

0.20 

4.02 

13.43 

1888 

2.84 

0.66 

2.63 

0.17 

0.52 

T. 

0.02 

T. 

0.32 

0.00 

3.20 

3.67 

14.12 

1889  

0.17 

0.61 

4.24 

0.58 

1.64 

T. 

0.00 

T. 

0.17 

4.00 

4.59 

7.64 

23.64 

1890 

5.17 

3.77 

2.13 

1.45 

1.42 

0.00 

T. 

T. 

0.95 

T. 

0.18 

2.83 

17.90 

1892        

0.50 

5.25 

1.19 

1.48 

3.04 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.06 

0.70 

5.46 

2.88 

20.56 

1893  

1.93 

2.42 

5.12 

0.75 

0.05 

0.00 

0.00 

T. 

0.57 

0.12 

1.70 

2.82 

15.48 

1894 

6.17 

6.43 

0.61 

0.30 

3.39 

0.66 

T. 

T. 

0.67 

0.85 

0.60 

7.60 

27.28 

1895  

5.17 

2.60 

2.50 

1.40 

0.97 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.20 

0.54 

0.72 

1.55 

15.65 

1896 

4.72 

0  20 

2.65 

3.25 

0.45 

T. 

0.10 

0.33 

T. 

L50 

3.73 

L94 

18.87 

1897 

2.20 

6.07 

3.84 

T. 

T. 

0.52 

0.00 

0.00 

T. 

1.97 

0.68 

1.38 

16.66 

1898  

0.99 

1.92 

1.87 

0.35 

1.41 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.70 

0.55 

0.86 

1.40 

10.05 

1899 

2.51 

0.35 

5.04 

0.35 

0.90 

0.15 

0.00 

0.02 

0.00 

2.60 

4.25 

1.79 

17.96 

2.85 

2.77 

2.64 

1.41 

0.78 

0.08 

T. 

0.01 

0.31 

0.94 

•>  19 

2.75 

16.  71 

LA  PORTE,  PLUMAS  COUNTY. 
[Elevation,  5,000  feet.] 


1894                                                     '  [15  75] 

flO  11] 

[9.36] 

3.05 

2.00 

3.49 

T. 

0.17 

1.13 

8.87 

L32 

15.47 

70.72 

1895                                                             22.01 

6.65 

6.12 

4.00 

8.55 

0.00 

1.41 

0.29 

8.42 

0.69 

3.35 

9.98 

71.47 

1896           ..                         32.43 

2.84 

16.20 

16.63 

9.32 

0.09 

0.31 

0.25 

2.29 

3.09 

23.87 

12.88 

120.20 

1897                                                          6.  01 

17.92 

13.51 

3.12 

0.71 

3.94 

0.00 

T. 

1.26 

4.84 

9.34 

6.63 

67.31 

1898                                                               2.53 

13.04 

1.62 

1.49 

4.64 

2.73 

T. 

0.04 

0.94 

3.31 

6.67 

3.36 

40.37 

1899  12.95 

Z69 

25.26 

2.92 

4.43 

1.48 

0.00 

0.82 

0.00 

18.30 

15.% 

16.23 

101.04 

'900                                                   .         11.95 

5.66 

12.24 

6.51 

2.57 

0.36 

0.06 

T. 

0.61 

13.02 

13.70 

8.79 

75.47 

Mean  (7  years)                            14.  81 

8.42 

12.  (M 

5.39 

4.60 

1.73 

0.25 

0.22 

•'  10 

7.45 

10.60 

10.48 

--     - 

184 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 


PRECIPITATION  OP  CALIFORNIA  (INCHES  AND  HUNDREDTH*) — Continued. 

LODI,  SAN  JOAQUIN  COUNTY. 

[Elevation.  35  feet.] 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dee. 

Annual. 

1888 

5.09 

0.44 

2.59 

0.11 

0.61 

0.43 

0.00 

0.00 

0.88 

0.00 

3.C1 

3.56 

17  :;•' 

1389.     .     

0.35 

0.65 

5.07 

0.20 

2.  57 

0.11 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

5.62 

4.71 

7.70 

26  98 

1890 

6.67 

2.90 

2.71 

1.94 

1.20 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.99 

0.00 

0.00 

3.65 

•>0  06 

1891 

0.44 

5.03 

3.52 

2.45 

0.34 

0.14 

0.00 

0.00 

0.16 

0.18 

0  49 

4  69 

17  44 

1892       

1.04 

1.81 

4.04 

1.78 

2.47 

0.25 

0.00 

0.00 

0.25 

1.83 

5.47 

5.42 

24  36 

1893 

3.42 

2.66 

3.88 

2.04 

0.92 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.15 

T 

3  11 

1  91 

18  09 

1894  

3.99 

6.75 

0.57 

0.44 

3.33 

1.19 

T. 

T. 

1.78 

2.14 

0.73 

9.27 

30  19 

1895               

7.  46 

2.35 

1.45 

1.24 

0.63 

0.00 

0.00 

T. 

0.88 

0.13 

1  24 

1  50 

16  88 

1896 

9.02 

0.21 

2.32 

2.90 

0  82 

0  00 

T 

0  17 

0  04 

1  19 

3  86 

1  87 

•>2  40 

1897  

3.41 

4.29 

3.88 

0.40 

0.10 

0.04 

0.04 

T. 

0.16 

1.29 

0.66 

1.57 

15  84 

1898 

1.05 

1.71 

0.98 

0.40 

1.38 

0.06 

0.00 

0  00 

0  60 

0  45 

0  66 

1  93 

9  22 

1899 

3  42 

0.16 

6  81 

0  30 

0  55 

0  31 

0  00 

0  39 

0  00 

3  74 

3  01 

2  18 

•>0  87 

1900.      

2.92 

0.37 

1.45 

2.26 

2.72 

T 

T 

0  00 

0  12 

1  83 

4  87 

1  06 

17  60 

3  71 

2  26 

3  02 

1  27 

1  36 

0  20 

T 

0  04 

0  46 

1  42 

2  49 

3  56 

' 

LOS  BANGS,  MERCED  COUNTY. 
[Elevation,  121  feet.] 


1873 

1.79 

1.18 

1  32 

0  84 

0  37 

0  14 

0  02 

T 

0  04 

0  23 

1874 

i  61 

1  08 

1  20 

0  77 

0  28 

0  13 

0  00 

0  00 

1875  

3.72 

0.00 

0.33 

0  57 

T 

0  09 

0  25 

0  OQ 

0  00 

0  00 

5  06 

1876 

1.50 

1  54 

1  60 

0  11 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1877  

0.96 

0.25 

0.16 

T 

0  04 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  03 

1878 

2.56 

3.14 

1  19 

0  59 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  QO 

1879  

0.50 

0.89 

0.42 

0  68 

0  17 

0  08 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1880.  . 

0.23 

0  83 

0  29 

1  65 

0  31 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1881 

0  99 

1  16 

0  86 

0  99 

0  00 

0  00 

1882  

0.71 

0.49 

2  26 

0  35 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1883.  .      ... 

1.62 

0  43 

1  81 

0  07 

1  gl 

0  00 

1884 

1  42 

3  09 

2  95 

1  80 

1  03 

1885.     

0.85 

0  05 

0  65 

0  75 

0  00 

1886 

3  32 

0  05 

1  32 

1  46 

1887 

0  06 

1  50 

0  44 

1888  

1  83 

0  06 

1  33 

0  00 

1889 

0  27 

0  76 

1  77 

1890  

3  11 

1  03 

0  75 

0  0° 

1891  

0  07 

2  17 

0  39 

1892  

0  10 

1  07 

1  75 

0  85 

1893  

0  75 

2  20 

1894 

1  80 

1  50 

1895  

3  17 

0  95 

1  22 

4.08 

10.34 

1896  

4.34 

0  00 

0  67 

0  55 

1897  

1  08 

1  7g 

1  20 

1898  

1  53 

0  54 

4.94 

1899  

1  62 

0.65 

4.57 

1900  

1  18 

0  00 

0.95 

0.88 

s.  71 

0.55 

9.51 

Mean  (28  years) 

1  52 

0.28 

1.09 

1.32 

7.62 

GENERAL    PRESIPITATION    TABLES. 


185 


PRECIPITATION  OF  CALIFORNIA  (INCHES  AND  HrxDREixrHs) — Continued. 

MAXZAXA,  LOS  AXGELES  COUNTY. 

[Elevation,  2.870  feet.] 


Year. 

Feb.       Mar. 

Apr. 

May.       June. 

July.       Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec.      Annual. 

1894. 

0  21 

0  37         0  33 

T 

1895  

2  79 

0  00         1  36 

0  OS 

T         0  00 

0  00         0  00 

0  00 

1896 

1  09 

0  00         1  70 

0  63 

T          0  00 

1897  

2  70 

3.04         1  71 

0  04 

0  01             T 

T          0  28 

0  00 

-    0  **1 

T 

1898     . 

1  70 

00°         0  47 

0  00 

1899  

1  15 

T          1  35 

0  04 

0  09         0  04 

0  00         0  00 

0  00 

1900 

1  11 

0  10         0  93 

0  42 

0  38         0  00 

Mean(Tvears)  

1.51 

0  50         1.13 

0  17 

0  15         0  03 

T          0  21 

0  08 

0  37 

0  58 

MARYSVILLE,  YCBA  COUXTY. 
[Elevation,  67  feet.] 


1871  [3-""] 

1  21 

0  29 

0  53 

1  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  09 

0  72 

. 

15  11 

1872                     ;   5  50 

3  88 

•>  27 

1  03 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1873           .             1  75 

4  30 

1  04 

0  71 

0  32 

0  00 

T 

0  00 

0  00 

0  39 

1°  37 

1874  5.55 

1.63 

3.79 

1  13 

0  30 

0  00 

0  00 

o  oo 

0  CO 

1  72 

4  14 

0  31 

18  60 

1875                       1  21 

0  04 

1  20 

0  00 

0  06 

1  97 

0  oo 

0  00 

0  00 

0  02 

3  56 

2.41 

1876  2.79 

3.32 

4  06 

1  05 

0  15 

0  00 

0  11 

0  OS 

0  00 

4  15 

0  40 

0  00 

16  09 

1877                       3  60 

1  57 

0  yj 

0  12 

0  81 

0  42 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  50 

1  68 

1.55 

1878                       9.47 

5  32 

3  53 

1  30 

0  39 

0  00 

0  CO 

0  00 

- 

0  64 

0  60 

0  49 

22  36 

1879  1.76 

2.93 

3.08 

3.76 

1  79 

0  09 

0  00 

0  03 

o  oo 

1  04 

'  83 

3.60 

20  91 

1880                       1  27 

1  28 

0  66 

7  23 

0  99 

0  CO 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  05 

6  90 

18  38 

1881  4  33 

3  90 

0  83 

1  07 

T 

0  00 

0  00 

0  60 

1  82 

0  93 

°  68 

16  51 

1882         .               1  84 

2  51 

I  93 

1  09 

0  00 

0  98 

0  00 

0  oo 

1  00 

•>  40 

1  57 

0  77 

15  09 

1883                       1  ,V> 

0  40 

2  76 

0  30 

3  50 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1  15 

0  75 

0  61 

0  40 

11  1° 

1884  ....   2.49 

2.82 

3  31 

2.57 

0.00 

1  18 

0  00 

0  00 

0  09 

1  71 

0  00 

4.24 

18  11 

1885                       1  32 

0  07 

0  1' 

0  42 

0  00 

0  15 

0  00 

1 

0  00 

0  15 

. 

3  95 

14  41 

1886.  .,                       3.  96 

0  34 

1  45 

3  96 

0  23 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  63 

T 

2.30 

r*  87 

1887  i   0  73 

6.09 

1  02 

1.90 

0.10 

0  09 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1  07 

3  70 

14  70 

1888                       4  5t< 

1  65 

2  55 

0  00 

0  41 

0  32 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

4  23 

6.27 

20  01 

1889                         1  05 

0  35 

7  53 

.00 

2  35 

0  50 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

5  87 

3  73 

9  01 

31  39 

1890  4.44 

4.65 

6.71 

.85 

2.55 

0.10 

0.00 

0.00 

0.73 

0  00 

0  00 

2  £2 

23.65 

1891                       0  54 

8  68 

0  86 

y 

0  67 

0  10 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  70 

3.77 

16.81 

1892  2  32 

3.63 

.86 

2.94 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0  20 

1  20 

6  90 

3.66 

,- 

1  -'.<'.                         1  SO 

3  39 

3  68 

00 

1  10 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

o  oo 

•.« 

0  34 

2  23 

1  9° 

15  16 

1894                         0  34 

1  74 

0  73 

0.47 

1  86 

0  64 

0  00 

0  00 

0  tf 

1  91 

0  80 

9  13 

18  21 

1895  7.56 

[2.851 

[2.26' 

1.C8 

0.37 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

2.33 

0.04 

0  83 

1  02 

18  31 

1896                         8  32 

0  17 

1  24 

4  96 

0  70 

0  00 

0  00 

T 

0  61 

•2  66 

2  07 

'1  50 

1897  2  22 

5  80 

1  75 

1.53 

0.36 

T 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1  60 

0  85 

1  60 

15.  71 

1898  1.45 

5.06 

0.00 

0.44 

1.71 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.35 

0.90 

1.26 

1.61 

12.81 

1899                         4  22 

0  00 

6.30 

0  55 

0  09 

1.25 

0  00 

0  26 

o  oo 

1  20 

6  26 

3  11 

26  27 

1900  8.59 

0.48 

1.63 

2.15 

1.02 

0.04 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

2.13 

4.97 

1.85 

23.16 

Mean  (30  vears)           3  43 

2  67 

2  37 

1.56 

0.86 

(i.-JT 

T 

0.01 

0.28 

1  17 

2  18 

3.54 

18.35 

MEXDOTA,  FRESXu  COUNTY. 
[Elevation.  177  feet.] 


1894  [1-39]        0.86 

0.00 

0.10 

0.17 

0.49 

0.00 

0.00 

0.88 

0.09 

0.00 

3.65  !          7.93 

1895.  .                                                            1.20         I*  51 

1.07 

0.16 

0.60 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.16 

1.01 

0.10 

0.00            5  44 

UK.                                                             IV  1      0  00 

11.44 

0.51 

0.20 

0.00 

0.13 

0.00 

0.07 

0.49 

1.21 

0.50            6.11 

1897                                                           1  21  j      0  67 

0.86 

0.07 

0.00 

T. 

0.00 

0.00 

0  00 

0.68 

0.22 

0.08             3.79 

1898.                                                         0.59  !      1  49 

0.51 

0.00 

0.55 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.11 

0.12 

0.00 

1.  65             5.  05 

1899  0.76         0.00 

1.10 

0.10 

0.35 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.57 

1.36 

0.36             5.60 

1900                                                               0  70         0.00 

0.61 

0.66 

0.59 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.52 

3.89 

0.14              7.44 

Mean  (7vears)                             1.20        "  "T> 

0.27 

0.39 

0.07 

0.02 

- 

. 

0.  95             5.  91 

186 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFOBNIA. 


PRECIPITATION  OF  CALIFORNIA   (INCHES  AND  HUNDREDTHS) — Continued. 

MERCED,  MERCED  COUNTY. 

[Elevation,  173  feet.] 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1872                            

2.16 

1.62 

0.36 

0.89 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

T. 

5.30 

10.33 

1873                                          

5.69 

1.22 

T. 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

T. 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.42 

1.67 

10.00 

1874                      

2.20 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.65 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.47 

1.84 

1.60 

0.00 

7.76 

1875                                

3.95 

0.15 

0.97 

0.00 

0.00 

1.02 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

5.83 

0.73 

12.65 

1876.      '    

2.90 

1.38 

1.54 

0.17 

0.13 

0.00 

0.17 

0.00 

0.00 

0.72 

0.09 

0.00 

7.10 

1877                         

1.14 

0.03 

0.53 

T. 

0.52 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.06 

1.17 

0.85 

4.30 

1878                                      

3.35 

2.78 

1.89 

1.71 

T. 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.25 

0.42 

0.03 

10.43 

1879               

0.96 

1.32 

1.19 

1.35 

0.21 

0.10 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.60 

1.63 

1.08 

8.44 

1880                                

0.69 

2.06 

0.64 

4.71 

0.48 

0.00 

o.oo 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.63 

4.60 

13.81 

1881           

3.40 

1.69 

0.85 

0.34 

0.00 

0.08 

0.00 

0.00 

0.14 

0.35 

0.47 

0.70 

8.02 

18*82                      

0.92 

1.37 

3.19 

1.12 

0.32 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.53 

0.98 

0.53 

0.07 

9.03 

1883                                   

1.55 

0.50 

3.11 

0.41 

2.13 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.10 

1.01 

0.38 

0.99 

10.18 

1884 

1.64 

4.39 

5.38 

5.60 

0.86 

1.73 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.54 

0.02 

3.63 

23.79 

1885                                 

0.85 

0.00 

0.65 

1.49 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

5.82 

1.08 

9.89 

1886                                            

2.64 

0.10 

0.94 

2.85 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.47 

0.25 

0.58 

'7.83 

1887                      

0.13 

2.83 

0.20 

1.74 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.45 

0.00 

0.10 

1.00 

6.45 

1888                                            

2.67 

0.15 

1.68 

0.28 

0.65 

0.10 

0.00 

0.00 

0.50 

0.00 

2.40 

2.12 

10.55 

1889               

0.45 

0.15 

1.21 

0.20 

0.77 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.61 

2.80 

5.59 

12.78 

1890                                

4.40 

1.50 

1.01 

0.39 

0.51 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.73 

0.00 

0.00 

[2.00] 

11.54 

1891 

0.33 

2.23 

1.29 

1.05 

0.06 

0.24 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.20 

0.18 

2.99 

8.56 

1892                     

0.31 

0.79 

1.85 

0.85 

2.47 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.10 

0.27 

0.64 

2.75 

10.03 

1893 

1.05 

2.31 

3.49 

0.37 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.07 

0.00 

0.65 

1.13 

9.07 

1894               

2.68 

3.28 

0.21 

0.28 

2.02 

0.54 

0.00 

0.00 

0.72 

0.88 

0.15 

4.74 

15.50 

1895                                   

2.12 

1.71 

1.17 

0.50 

0.64 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.50 

0.69 

1.03 

8.36 

18% 

5.50 

0.00 

2  10 

1.72 

0.29 

0.00 

0.19 

0.53 

0.00 

0.91 

1.94 

1.04 

14.22 

1897                         

2.49 

3.20 

1.29 

0.41 

0.00 

0.08 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.41 

0.17 

0.75 

8.80 

1898 

0.86 

1.18 

1  34 

0.07 

0.98 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.53 

0.11 

0.20 

0.42 

5.69 

1899                     

2.18 

0.00 

2.64 

0.30 

0.70 

0.60 

0.00 

0.14 

0.00 

2.16 

1.74 

1.80 

12.26 

1900 

1.63 

0.05 

1  07 

1  83 

0.97 

T. 

T. 

0.00 

T. 

0.81 

4.16 

0.57 

11.09 

Mean  (29  years)  .  . 

2.10 

1.31 

1.44 

1.06 

0.56 

0.15 

0.0] 

0.02 

0.18 

0.51 

1.21 

1.70 

10.26 

MODESTO,  STANISLAUS  COUNTY. 
[Elevation,  90  feet.] 


1871         

0.49 

0.75 

0.11 

0  78 

0  09 

0  04 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

T. 

0.87 

4.76 

7.89 

1872 

3  16 

2  20 

0  94 

0  78 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

T 

0  00 

0  00 

0  40 

3.10 

10  58 

1873     

1.05 

2.66 

0.05 

0  39 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.05 

3.75 

7.95 

1874 

4.00 

0  56 

1  00 

0  57 

1  00 

0  43 

0  00 

0  00 

0  75 

1  32 

1.88 

0  00 

11  51 

1875 

2  46 

0  00 

0  88 

0  08 

0  00 

0  03 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

5  98 

1  42 

10  85 

1876 

2.36 

1.55 

1  71 

0  35 

T 

0  00 

0  15 

0  00 

0  00 

1  38 

0  20 

0  00 

7  70 

1877 

1  10 

0  08 

0  80 

0  31 

0  43 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  27 

0  84 

1  39 

5  22 

1878  

3.70 

2.76 

1  80 

0  75 

T 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  42 

0  33 

0  57 

10  33 

1879 

1  62 

1  26 

2  11 

1  31 

0  71 

0  15 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1  07 

3  01 

1  74 

12  98 

1880 

0  43 

1  31 

0  70 

4  11 

0  61 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  60 

3  55 

11  21 

1881         

1  39 

1  63 

0  70 

0  53 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  25 

0  65 

0  80 

5  95 

1882 

0  99 

0  62 

1  85 

0  79 

0  50 

0  19 

0  00 

0  00 

0  58 

0  64 

2  07 

0  12 

8  35 

1883  

2  14 

0  20 

1  31 

0  73 

2  24 

0  oo 

0  00 

0  00 

0  25 

1  39 

0  16 

0  44 

8  86 

1884 

0  75 

2  01 

3  89 

2  84 

0  15 

0  99 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1  20 

0  00 

2  62 

14  45 

1885 

0  90 

0  00 

0  70 

1886  

2  64 

0  10 

1  46 

2  79 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  25 

1  01 

0  go 

8  80 

1887 

0  09 

2  16 

0  34 

1  22 

1888 

1  72 

0  53 

1  36 

1889  

0  45 

0  20 

1  80 

1890 

3  95 

1  03 

0  88 

1891  

0  16 

1  91 

0  74 

1  01 

7  77 

1892     

0  70 

1  91 

2  43 

1893 

1  65 

2  02 

1894  

3  36 

3  18 

0  00 

1895 

4  05 

1  39 

18%  

4  56 

0  00 

0  90 

1897 

1  19 

2  90 

1  83 

1898 

0  49 

0  71 

1899           

2  51 

0  21 

3  46 

1900 

1  30 

0  29 

Mean  (30  years)  .  . 

1.84 

]  .  M 

1.37 

n  CM 

n  J7 

ft  in 

ft  m 

T 

i  JQ 

Q  QA 

GENERAL    PRECIPITATION    TABLES. 


187 


PRECIPITATION  OP  CALIFORNIA  (INCHES  AND  HUNDRKDTHS) — Continued. 

MOKELUMNE  HILL.  CALAVERAS  COUNTY. 

[Elevation.  1,550  feet.] 


Year. 

^Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June.     July. 

An*. 

• 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1882.               

3.30 

3.25 

5.75 

2.50 

0.00 

0.00        0.00 

0.00 

0.50 

3.50 

2.75 

0.30 

21.85 

1883                                              

2.70 

0.75 

4.75 

2.05 

3.85 

0.00        0.00 

0.00 

0.77 

1.53 

1.16 

1.58 

19.14 

1884  

3.89 

8.12 

9.81 

8.42 

0.79 

2.92        0.00 

0.00 

0.40 

1.98 

0.00 

16.78 

53.11 

1885 

1.62 

0.25 

0.51 

1.89 

0.09 

0.52        0.00 

0.00 

0.17 

0.00 

15.17 

3.78 

24.00 

1886                     

8.75 

1.14 

4.79 

7.32 

0.72 

0.00        0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.45 

1.22 

1.86 

27.25 

1887 

1.49 

9.01 

0.84 

4.81 

0.18 

0.00        0.00 

0.00 

0.76 

0.00 

0.76 

4.29 

22.14 

1888                       

6.87 

0.77 

463 

0.20 

1.11 

0.22        0.00 

0.00 

0.46 

0.00 

2.78 

2.86 

19.90 

1889 

0.51 

141 

6.83 

1.15 

4.04 

0.  10           T. 

0.00 

0.00 

5.41 

5.36 

15.26 

40.07 

1890                                            ..     . 

9.22 

5.57 

8.37 

2.51 

2.89 

0.00        0.00 

0.00 

1.78 

0.00 

0.00 

4.68 

35.02 

1891  

0.93 

6.89 

5.85 

4.14 

1.10 

1.15        0.00 

0.00 

0.21 

0.20 

1.35 

9.49 

31.31 

1892 

1.88 

3.69 

5.60 

2.38 

3.75 

0.40        0.00 

0.00 

0.62 

1.04 

8.03 

6.04 

33.43 

1893                       

4.31 

4.50 

11.83 

2.31 

0.77 

0.00  '         T. 

0.00 

1.63 

0.40 

5.04 

3.35 

34.16 

1894 

9.32 

9.38 

1.73 

1.36 

3.41 

1.62        0.00 

T. 

1.18 

4.34 

1.12 

14.31 

47.77 

1895                                          

10.06 

4.40 

3.73 

4.03 

2.56 

0.00        0.00 

T. 

0.83 

0.12 

1.12 

2.88 

29.73 

1896 

9.41 

0.66 

4.66 

10.06 

1.09 

0.00           T. 

0.22 

0.10 

1.42 

8.98 

3.84 

40.34 

1897 

5.92 

9.76 

9.00 

0.48 

077 

1.02  !      0.00 

0.15 

0.13 

2.97 

2.61 

2.30 

34.61 

1898        

1.62 

4.45 

1.18 

0.47 

2.13 

0.22           T. 

0.00 

0.44 

0.98 

1.93 

2.50 

15.92 

1899 

4.52 

0.70 

13.27 

1.11 

1.58 

0.20        0.00 

T. 

T. 

5.45 

5.79 

6.09 

38.  71 

1900  

2.44 

1.54 

3.34 

3.32 

1.85 

0.05  ;         T. 

T. 

0.19 

2.25 

7.60 

1.76 

24.34 

Mean  (  19  veara)  

4.67 

4.33 

5.60 

2.74 

1.69 

0.44           T. 

0.02 

0.53 

1.74 

3.82 

5.47 

31.20 

MOJAVE,  KERN  COUNTY. 
[Elevation,  2,751  feet.] 


1877                             0.85 

0.00 

0.01 

0.00        0.00 

0.00 

0.00        0.00        0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

2.38 

3.24 

1878                                                          1.22 

1.74 

0.30 

0.76        0.00 

0.02 

0.00  j      0.10        0.29 

0.00 

0.32 

1.07 

5.82 

1879                                   0.62 

0.05 

0.00 

0.22        0.00 

0.00 

0.00        0.00        0.00 

0.00 

0.42 

4.1* 

5.47 

1880                                                               0.40 

0.50 

0.71 

0.60        0.00 

0.00 

0.00        0.00        0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.03 

3.24 

1881                                          0.00 

0.00 

0.06 

0.18        0.00 

0.00 

0.00  i      0.00        0.00 

T. 

T. 

T. 

0.24 

1882.             0.05 

0.58 

0.00 

0.00        0.00 

0.00 

0.00  '      0.00        0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.63 

1883                                       .                   0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00           T. 

0.00 

0.00        0.00        0.00 

0.10 

0.00 

0.25 

0.35 

1881                        1.77 

5.69 

2.17 

0.61        0.00 

1.05 

0.00        0.00        0.00 

0.13 

[0.31] 

[1.59] 

13.32 

1885                                                          0.00 

0.06 

0.00 

0.61         0.14 

0.00 

0.71        0.00        0.00 

0.00 

1.25 

1.16 

3.93 

1886.                           1-49 

T. 

1.22 

0.14        0.00 

T. 

T.         0.00        0.00 

T. 

0.76 

0.08 

3.69 

1887                    T. 

4.09 

0.00 

0.14        0.00 

0.00 

0.00        0.00        0.00 

0.95 

0.56 

1.06 

6.80 

1888                                                          2.62 

1.56 

1.75 

0.00        0.00 

0.00 

0.00        0.00        0.00 

0.00 

2.18 

2.23 

10.34 

1889                            0.35 

0.03 

3.43 

0.00           T. 

0.00 

0.00        0.81        0.27 

2.21 

0.45 

7.30 

14.85 

1890                                                          0.85 

0.58 

0.00 

0.00        0.00 

0.00 

0.00        0.00        0.70 

0.00 

0.15 

0.67 

2.95 

1891                                  0.00 

2.33 

0.19 

0.36        0.00 

0.00 

T.         0.00        0.33 

0.03 

0.00 

0.76 

4.00 

1892                  1.00 

0.47 

1.61 

0.00        0.26 

0.00 

0.00        0.00        0.00 

0.00 

0.27 

0.56 

4.17 

1893                                              2.  73 

0.26 

1.53 

0.13        0.00 

0.00 

1.04        0.00        0.00 

0.29 

0.15 

0.88 

7.01 

1894                         0.48 

0.54 

0.24 

T.         0.08 

0.00 

0.00        0.00        0.00 

0.00 

T. 

3.68 

4.97 

1895                                                               2.66 

0.53 

1.01 

0.00        0.00 

0.00 

0.00        0.00        0.00 

0.80 

0.14 

0.00 

5.14 

1896                                                               1-31 

0.00 

1.45 

0.00;    o.oo 

0.22 

0.12        0.00        0.00 

0.70 

0.17 

0.«2 

4.79 

1897                                                          1.86 

1.17 

0.82 

0.00  |      0.00 

0.00 

0.00        0.00        0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

3.85 

1898.                                           0.  60 

T. 

0.00 

0.00        0.00 

0.00 

0.00        0.00        0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.29 

0.89 

1899                       0.37 

0.00 

0.48 

0.00  i         T. 

0.00 

0.00        0.00        0.00 

0.68 

0.88 

0.31 

2.72 

1900  0.31 

0.00 

T. 

0.21  :      0.42 

0.00 

0.00        0.00        0.01 

0.00 

1.66 

0.00 

2.61 

Mean  (24  Tears)           0.  90 

0.84 

0.71 

0.  16        0.  04 

0.05 

0.08         0.04         0.07 

0.25 

0.30 

1.26 

4.79 

188 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 

PRECIPITATION  OF  CALIFORNIA    (INCHES  AND  HTNDREDTHS) — Continued. 

MONTEREY,  MONTEREY  COUNTY. 

[Elevation,  15  feet.] 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

0.03 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

o.oo 

i.io 

3.10 

0.00 

1  70 

2  20 

2  40 

0  65 

2  50 

2.50 

0.60 

0.00 

0.03 

0.00 

0.00 

o.oo 

0.00 

0.01 

0.61 

3.45 

1850                           

2.95 

2.20 

1.30 

0.33 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.02 

0.00 

0.61 

2.98 

10.  411 

0.01 

0.00 

0.01 

0.20 

0.91 

4.50 

0  40 

0  30 

6  12 

0  92 

0  10 

0  16 

0.00 

0.00 

3.03 

2.86 

0  98 

0  54 

7.02 

2.60 

2.05 

0.17 

0.40 

0.70 

0.11 

0.10 

2.01 

0.69 

1864                           

4.28 

0.04 

1.60 

1.23 

1.35 

0.06 

0.00 

o.io 

0.00 

0.30 

4.13 

3.99 

17.0X 

1865                     -                   

1.94 

1.66 

0.31 

0.36 

0.31 

0.00 

0.10 

0.00 

0.17 

0.17 

1.78 

1.36 

8.16 

1866                  

6.07 

1.16 

3.13 

0.99 

0.86 

0.14 

0.00 

0.02 

0.00 

0.00 

2.33 

6.86 

21.56 

3  61 

4  23 

3  31 

0  09 

2.76 

6.71 

765 

1  66 

4  78 

1.04 

0.11 

0.25 

0.06 

1.42 

4.30 

1869 

3  83 

4  13 

2.69 

0.94 

0.03 

0.01 

1.36 

0.72 

2.42 

1870 

1  13 

3  80 

1  91 

1.44 

0.81 

0.00 

0.46 

1.19 

2.37 

1871 

1  44 

2.64 

0.31 

0.50 

0.03 

11.42 

1872 

0  33 

3  45 

1.08 

0  66 

0  31 

0.65 

0.16 

0.05 

1877 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.46 

4.60 

1878                 .                      .   . 

9.47 

11.68 

3.42 

2.49 

0.00 

0.00 



0.00 

o.oo 

0.00 

0.54- 

0.18 

0.77 

28.55 

1879 

3.54 

2  36 

2.32 

1.77 

0.41 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.54 

1.00 

3.49 

15.43 

1880-                      .            

[3.03] 

[2.55] 

1.05 

5.31 

0.77 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.40 

5.47 

18.58 

1881 

2.70 

2  07 

1.55 

1.37 

0.00 

0.20 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.60 

1.20 

2.13 

11.82 

1882             

1.50 

2.52 

5.64 

1.57 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.22 

1.67 

1.20 

0.39 

14.71 

1883 

2.60 

2  22 

5.68 

1.42 

0  99 

0  10 

0.00 

0.00 

0.19 

0  71 

0.39 

1.16 

15.  46 

1884  

2.60 

4.34 

6.08 

3.75 

0.36 

1.80 

0.00 

0.07 

0.03 

1.81 

0.30 

5.33 

26.  47 

1885 

1.22 

0  09 

0.40 

1  70 

0.20 

0  03 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

6  55 

1  73 

11  92 

1886  

3.09 

1.14 

2.52 

3.39 

0.08 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.70 

0.78 

0.60 

12.30 

1887      i 

0.35 

4  92 

0  60 

1  16 

0  00 

0  05 

0  00 

0  00 

0  25 

0  00 

1  36 

1.81 

10.49 

1888  .   . 

3.95 

1.09 

3.29 

0.23 

0.81 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.65 

0.00 

1.76 

2.76 

14.54 

1889. 

0.81 

0  94 

3  58 

1  15 

1  22 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

4  28 

1  62 

11  54 

25.14 

1890  b 

7  67 

2  67 

0  83 

0  34 

0  37 

0  00 

0  00 

0  03 

0  10 

0  00 

1  32 

2  66 

15  96 

1891  c  

1.06 

3  68 

0  95 

2  3f> 

0  09 

0  08 

0  00 

0  00 

0  11 

0  02 

0  19 

4  72 

13  26 

1892 

0  66 

1  50 

3  05 

0  82 

0  83 

0  00 

0  00 

0  OD 

1  25 

0  00 

5  86 

3  04 

17  01 

1893 

1  73 

3  34" 

5  78 

1  41 

0  46 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  12 

0  05 

0  00 

1  g7 

14  76 

1894  

3  25 

2  05 

0  82 

0  60 

1  86 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

ro  081 

1  64 

0  39 

5  87 

16  49 

1895 

6  30 

T2  551 

1  94 

0  89 

0  58 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  78 

0  8'7 

1  46 

15  3** 

1896  

3  24 

0  12 

2  20 

2  17 

0  42 

0  00 

0  00 

0  50 

0  27 

0  65 

2  13 

•>  51 

14  21 

1897  

1  10 

3  63 

3  70 

0  40 

0  08 

0  32 

0  00 

0  00 

0  t!2 

0  70 

0  40 

1  25 

11  70 

1898 

0  89 

1  08 

1  27 

0  24 

7  24 

1899  

2  79 

0  06 

3  07 

0  50 

0  50 

0  05 

0  00 

0  09 

0  00 

3  69 

o  31 

1  39 

15  Q5 

1900.. 

1  34 

0  66 

1  ig 

1  55 

11  77 

Mean  (23  years,  1878-1900)  . 

64.89 

57.86 

60.  92 

36.59 

11.23 

2.69 

0.00 

0.66 

4.18 

19.61 

35.  52 

64.03 

358.18 

«  Authority,  Irrigation  and  Water  Storage. 


o  C.  W.  B. 


GENERAL    PRECIPITATION    TABLES. 
PRECIPITATION  OF  CALIFORNIA  (IN'CHES  AND  HCXDREDTHS) — Continued. 

XAPA,  NAPA  COUNTY. 
[Elevation.  20  feet.] 


189 


Year.                         ^Jan. 

Feb.       Mar. 

Apr.      May. 

June.      July. 

Aug.       Sept. 

! 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1877                                                          5-88 

1.59 

10.52 
6.00 
1.38 
3.97 
2.19 
1.12 
3.89 
0.40 
0.00 
10.68 
1.28 
0.98 
6.59 
8.70 
3.43 
2.19 
2.97 
2.92 
0.25 
5.68 
3.76 
T. 
0.41 

0.55 
4.33 
8.36 
1.67 
0.83 
2.85 
4.41 
5.72 
0.43 
1.81 
0.67 
4.18 
8.87 
6.42 
2.33 
2.26 
4.31 
1.15 
2.21 
3.60 
5.88 
0.14 
5.98 
2.90 

0.50 
0.90 
1.56 
11.87 
.14 
.67 
.45 
.71 
.51 
4.42 
2.27 
0.65 
0.52 
2.08 
3.54 
2.14 
1.05 
0.61 
1.11 
6.28 
0.33 
0.34 
1.00 
1.60 

0.69 
0.25 
1.50 
1.16 
0.06 
0.00 
4.04 
0.13 
0.00 
0.38 
0.17 
0.88 
2.17 
1.91 
1.37 
2.73 
0.49 
1.49 
0.85 
1.10 
0.25 
1.64 
0.40 
0.31 

0.04 
0.00 
0.07 
0.00 
0.75 
0.00 
0.00 
2.12 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.32 
0.09 
0.00 
0.85 
0.00 
0.00 
0.46 
0.37 
0.47 

0.05 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.16 
0.00 
0.00 
T. 
0.03 

T 

0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 

0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.04 
0.00 
0.46 
0.00 
0.00 
0.17 
0.00 

0.00 
1.49 
0.00 
0.00 
0.13 
2.11 
0.95 
0.00 
0.05 
0.00 
0.00 
0.49 
0.00 
0.39 
0.58 
T. 
0.19 
1.23 
1.16 
0.50 
0.26 
0.59 
0.00 
0.10 

0.53 
1.91 
0.47 
0.00 
1.01 
0.44 
1.27 
0.70 
0.61 
1.16 
0.00 
0.00 
5.32 
0.00 
0.30 
1.58 
0.17 
1.93 
0.03 
1.20 
2.43 
0.88 
3.89 
1.50 

1.97 
0.83 
2.56 
0.00 
1.62 
3.26 
2.12 
0.00 
8.51 
0.11 
1.35 
2.96 
3.88 
0.00 
0.53 
5.30 
4.03 
1.34 
1.72 
5.03 
1.40 
0.65 
4.73 
6.33 

1.96  ! 

0.37  ! 
4.76  ; 
9.75 
4.21 
1.07 
0.60 
10.16 
4.35 
2.58 
4.18 
5.30 
12.23 
3.41 
7.11 
7.56 
1.86 
9.37 
1.47 
3.41 
1.74 
0.97 
3.80 
2.21 

13.76 
34.78 
29.34 
28.45 
25.41 
16.99 
18.00 
30.45 
17.82 
18.5ft 
21.19 
20.61 
34.84 
30.66 
26.11 
28.74 
18.56 
29.15 
20.85 
31.11 
20.72 
10.56 
26.61 
18.20 

1878                                    14.18 

1879                                                              4.06 

1880                                                       .        2.  62 

1881               11.69 

1882                                                   .       3.  40 

1883                                      2.  04 

1884                                                               3.02 

UK                                                               1.96 

1886                           8.09 

1887                                                               1.87 

1888                                      4.87 

1889.              0.87 

1890                                                     '      9.86 

1891                                      1.17 

189^                                                               3.65 

1893                                      .                        4.  27 

1894                               '      8.17 

UK                                                              9.35 

1896                                   '      9.28 

1897                                                               2.29 

1898                                                               1.22 

1S99                               !      6.  17 

1900  2.84 

Mean  CM  vear«)                           5.12 

3.37 

3.41 

2.22  ;      1.00 

0.23 

0.01         0.03         0.43 

;         1 

1.14 

2.51 

4.35 

23.81 

NEEDLES,  SAX  BERNARDINO  COUNTY. 
[Elevation,  477  feet.] 

lS9->                        0.  83 

1.31 
0.00 
0.12 
0.03 
0.00 
0.02 
0.00 
T. 
0.00 

0.25 
0.55 
0.65 
0.06 
[0.27] 
0.00 
0.13 
T. 
T. 

0.13 
0.00 
0.00 
0.09 
[0.04] 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.06 

0.45 
0.30 
T. 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.11 
0.09 
0.00 

T. 
.0.00 
0.00 
O.OG 
0.00 
0.00 
0.06 
0.08 
0.00 

0.10 
1.45 
0.09 
T. 
0.00 
0.00 
0.02 
1.00 
1.10 

0.00 
0.52 
0.14 
T. 
[0.28] 
0.36 
0.69 
0.00 
0.00 

T- 
0.04 
0.21 
0.18 
0.00 
0.40 
0.00 
0.28 
0.00 

0.00 
0.00 
0.60 
T. 
0.10 
.      T. 
0.00 
0.19 
0.00 

0.00 
1.20 
0.00 
T. 
T. 
0.06 
0.00 
0.78 
0.12 

0.00 
0.69 
1.46 
0.00 
1.33 
0.10 
0.73 
T. 
[0.62] 

3.07 
4.75 
3.27 
1.74 
2.02 
3.28 
2.09 
3.00 
1.92 

ISns                                             T. 

1894                               0.00 

1895               '      1.38 

18%                                0.00 

1897                     1      2.34 

1898.                                           ...         0.35 

1S99                               0.  58 

3900  0.02 

Mean  *9vears^                     .       0.61 

0.16         0.21 

0.04 

0.11 

0.02 

0.42 

0.  22        0.  11 

0.10 

0.24 

0.55 

2.79 

190 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 

PKECII'ITATION   OP   CALIFORNIA    (INCHES   AND    HUNDREDTHS) — Continued. 

NEVADA  CITY,  NEVADA  COUNTY. 
[Elevation,  2,580  feet.] 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1864 

0.90 

0.50 

5.38 

3.25 

2.75 

0.00 

0.00 

0.75 

0.00 

0.00 

17.05 

17.42 

48.00 

1865               

9.71 

4.38 

2.09 

1.75 

1.31 

O.OD 

0.00 

0.00 

0.59 

2.03 

14.29 

1.95 

38.10 

1866                                 

15.47 

s.eo 

14.24 

0.59 

4.50 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

9.61 

32.70 

82.71 

1867 

14.21 

10.00 

6.23 

6.88 

1.93 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.91 

3.63 

16.11 

41.95 

102.85 

1868 

11.01 

6.36 

23.30 

7.22 

1.50 

2.72 

0.00 

0.00 

0.34 

0.43 

1.49 

16.62 

64.54 

1869                                          

16.85 

12.62 

6.% 

5.72 

1.62 

0.04 

0.00 

0.00 

0.15 

0.50 

4.67 

6.29 

55.42 

1870 

9.23 

14.48 

7.58 

4.70 

0.65 

0.36 

0.03 

0.00 

0.00 

3.82 

4.32 

5.32 

50.49 

1871                      

11.08 

6.26 

5.41 

5.55 

3.26 

0.33 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.79 

5.00 

27.31 

64.99 

1872 

18.16 

16.67 

5.28 

3.76 

0.17 

1.08 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.55 

4.05 

12.25 

61.97 

1873 

2.82 

12.40 

1.96 

2.47 

2.20 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.67 

1.35 

24.27 

48.14 

1874.            

11.16 

7.32 

12.20 

4.51 

1.32 

0.11 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

3.06 

15.08 

0.90 

56.66 

1876                                          

16.57 

2.11 

3.97 

0.27 

1.56 

2.43 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.75 

16.56 

5.90 

51.  12 

1876 

12.47 

12.41 

13.88 

2.17 

1.53 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.41 

9.85 

1.04 

0.00 

53.76 

1877                     

10.26 

2.45 

4.18 

1.43 

1.97 

0.72 

0.71 

0.00 

0.00 

1.35 

4.31 

2.65 

30.03 

1878 

17.62 

16.61 

10.05 

2.80 

1.05 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.69 

2.32 

2.  88 

0.96 

54.98 

1879 

11.62 

10  97 

19  28 

5.90 

0     QO 

0.43 

0.00 

0.05 

0.00 

3.15 

5.50 

8.76 

69  49 

1880           ...       .            

6.67 

5.48 

5.09 

22.54 

5.58 

0.15 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.08 

0.28 

24.78 

70.63 

1881 

18.88 

6.26 

4.44 

1.70 

0.00 

1.47 

0.00 

0.00 

1.38 

3.03 

2.53 

9.14 

48  83 

1882  

7.29 

5.42 

9.21 

4.39 

0.52 

0.60 

0.00 

0.00 

2.22 

7.65 

5.34 

3.87 

46  51 

1883 

2.39 

3.06 

14.27 

2.98 

6.92 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.28 

3.60 

1  61 

2.84 

38  96 

1884  

9.08 

12.01 

14.70 

12.07 

1.67 

2.47 

0.07 

0.00 

1.87 

3.61 

0.00 

27.92 

85.47 

1885  

4.39 

1.69 

0.53 

3.23 

0.21 

1.36 

0.00 

0.00 

1.62 

0.00 

21  65 

6  77 

41  35 

1893  <" 

8  02 

8  29 

12  75 

6  22 

1.33 

0  00 

T. 

0  00 

1  71 

1  26 

7  78 

5  23 

52  58 

1894  

11.71 

10.85 

3.26 

2.17 

3.54 

1.85- 

0.00 

T. 

1  21 

4  83 

1  38 

20  61 

61  41 

1895 

22  87 

6.53 

5  12 

3  82 

3  42 

0  00 

0  15 

0  29 

3  36 

0  00 

1  87 

6  14 

52  57 

1896  

19.61 

0.99 

7.39 

13.63 

4.88 

T. 

0.05 

0.05 

1  55 

2.18 

12  63 

6  46 

69  42 

1897 

4.38 

13.63 

9.13 

2  08 

0  22 

0  82 

0  00 

T 

0  60 

3  36 

4  38 

3  71 

42  31 

1898  

1.92 

9.91 

0.87 

0.95 

2.73 

1.27 

0.00 

T 

0  37 

1  96 

3  49 

2  27 

25  74 

1899.  .        .     . 

9.12 

0  49 

15  88 

1  52 

2  61 

0  91 

0  00 

0  29 

0  00 

10  24 

10  85 

10  97 

62  18 

1900 

7  81 

2  36 

7  51 

4.83 

1  90 

0  03 

0  00 

0  00 

0  55 

5  52 

9  2° 

4  00 

43  73 

10  78 

7  57 

8  40 

4  70 

2  22 

0  6'> 

0  03 

0  05 

0  73 

2  71 

6  87 

11  11 

55  80 

NEWCASTLE,  PLACER  COUNTY. 
[Elevation,  956  feet.] 


1892 

3  98 

3  71 

5  14 

2  48 

4  23 

0  03 

1893  

2  61 

3  07 

5  36 

2  48 

0  19 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  17 

1894 

3  55 

4  68 

0  59 

1  22 

1  65 

1  76 

0  00 

1895 

13  10 

3  42 

3  42 

1896  

10  08 

0  66 

4  81 

6  92 

1  79 

0  00 

0  04 

1897?'  

1898&  

1899  

2  63 

0  00 

9  05 

0  05 

1900. 

4  95 

0  94 

3  38 

Mean  (7  vears) 

5  84 

2  35 

4  54 

nt\   ru\ 

a  Data  missing,  1886-1892. 


f>  No  record  for  1897-98. 


GENERAL    PRECIPITATION    TABLES. 


191 


PRECIPITATION  OF  CALIFORNIA  (INCHES  AND  HTXDBEDTHS) — Continued 

NEWHALL,  LOS  ANGELES  COUNTY 
[Elevation,  1,200  feet.] 


1 
Year.           Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1877                       1.56 

T 

0  43 

0  50 

0  56 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  03 

0  32 

1  45 

4  85 

1878      3.78 

3.23 

1.02 

1.46 

0.15 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0  00 

0.00 

2  33 

11  97 

1879                       2  25 

0  62 

0.00 

1  52 

0  05 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  37 

3  10 

9  23 

17  14 

1880  0.10 

t  25 

1.08 

3.39 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0  26 

6  22 

13  30 

1881                       0  57 

0  06 

1  70 

0  34 

0  00 

0  dO 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1  23 

0  12 

4  21 

8  23 

1882  0.43 

2.36 

4.71 

0.93 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.16 

1.20 

0  00 

9  79 

1883                       1  96 

2.95 

3  07 

0  00 

•>  28 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  16 

0  00 

3  34 

13  76 

1884  6.66 

14.53 

9.73 

3.85 

2.17 

1.67 

0.00 

0  00 

0.00 

0  60 

1  10 

3  89 

44  °0 

1885                       0  47 

0  00 

1  75 

0  00 

0  06 

0  02 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

9  01 

2.25 

13  63 

1886  5.22 

0.69 

3.11 

4.27 

0.00 

T 

0.00 

0.00 

0  00 

0.00 

0  87 

0  21 

14  37 

1887                       0  00 

12.38 

0.15 

1  96 

0  10 

0  03 

0  00 

0  00 

0  02 

0  65 

1  46 

4  26 

21  01 

1888.                       6.  74 

1.17 

4.21 

0.29 

0.04 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0  40 

3  69 

5  64 

n  i» 

1889                       0  35 

1  11 

9  39 

0  40 

0  56 

0  00 

0  00 

0  36 

0  00 

8  19 

3  36 

15  70 

39  4"' 

1890      6.30 

4.41 

0.44 

0.33 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0  00 

0.35 

0  00 

0.00 

1  94 

13  77 

1891                       0  31 

9  99 

0  88 

1  26 

0  66 

0  00 

T 

0  00 

0  13 

0  00 

0  00 

2.12 

15  35 

1892                       1.  32 

3.02 

4.07 

0.06 

- 

0.00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  30 

4  72 

4  16 

19  73 

1893  3.91 

1.34 

7.90 

0.47- 

0.34 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.72 

0  00 

3  90 

18  58 

1894                       0.85 

0.29 

0.62 

0.15 

0.66 

0  00 

000 

0  00 

0  80 

0  00 

0  00 

7  59 

10  96 

1895  7.11 

0.31 

3.66 

0.39 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

O.OQ» 

0.10 

1  09 

0  00 

!•'  66 

18%                       2.15 

0.15 

4.04 

1.03 

0  20 

0  00 

0.00 

0  25 

0  00 

1  55 

1  00 

•>  23 

T>  60 

1897  '   4.86 

5.13 

3.32 

0.00 

0.08 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.00 

0  00 

0  00 

14  39 

1898                       0.45 

f3.  141 

0  00 

0  10 

0  93 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  14 

0  00 

0  00 

0  •" 

4  98 

1899.           !   2.77 

0.00 

1.98 

0.08 

0.00 

0.25 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1  63 

0  90 

0  64 

8.25 

1900  0.  89 

0.00 

1.97 

0.25 

1.31 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.08 

5.24 

0.00 

9.74 

Mean  (24  vears)         i   2  54 

-- 

2  81 

1  03 

0  51 

0  08 

T 

0  03 

0  06 

0  72 

1  56 

3  40 

15  6° 

NEWMAN,  STANISLAUS  COUNTY. 
[Elevation,  92  feet] 


1889.                               ...  .                   0.51        0.64 

3.67        0.25 

0.99 

o.oo  1    o.oo 

0.00 

0.00 

4.28 

4.27 

5.52 

20.13 

1890                                                          4.S6        3.34 

0.80  !      0.70 

0.20 

0.00  i      0.00 

0.00 

1  31 

0  00 

0  00 

1  17 

12  08 

1891.                    .       .                             0.28        3.27 

1.82        1.55 

0.10 

0.18  1      0.00 

0.00 

0.49 

0.05 

0.00 

3.69 

11.43 

1892                                                               0  27         1  45 

1.77        0.55 

0.81 

0  00        0.00 

0.00 

0  00 

0  28 

1  46 

4  24 

10  83 

1893..                                                            1.03         2.87 

4.73        1.67 

0.00 

0.00  i      0.00 

0.  DO 

0.00 

0.00 

0.39 

0.47 

11.16 

1894  1.97        0.89 

0.00           T. 

0.83 

0.33        0.00 

0.00 

0.80 

0.35 

0.00 

5.28 

10.45 

1895                                                          3.34  i      0.87 

1.77  j      0.80 

0.90 

0.00        0.00 

0.00 

0.10 

0.00 

0.48 

0.40 

8.66 

1896  5.59  '      0.00 

'  1.32        1.91 

0.43 

0.00  :      0.10 

0.00 

0.00 

1.35 

1.97 

0.87 

13.54 

1897                                                          1.83        2.61 

1.85        0.47 

0.02 

0.20        0.00 

0.10 

T. 

1.37 

0  33 

1  00 

9  78 

1898  0.45        0.84 

0.80        0.03 

0.75 

0.00        0.00 

0.00 

0.07 

0.13 

T. 

0.41 

3.48 

1899                                                          2.19        0  00 

•>  05  '      0.  30 

1.05 

0.07         0.00 

0.00 

0  00 

1  65 

2.41 

1,25 

10  97 

1900.-     .            .                                      1.94  1      0.10 

0.45  ,      1.91 

1.87 

T.         0.00 

0.00 

0.32 

0.35 

4.45 

0.81 

1Z20 

Mean  (12  vears)                     '      2.00        1.11 

1.75  !      0.84 

0.66 

0.06        0.01 

0.01 

0.26 

0.82 

1.31 

2.09 

11.23 

192 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 

PRECIPITATION  OF  CALIFORNIA  (INCHES  AND  HUNDREDTH*) — Continued. 

MILES  (NEAR),  ALAMEDA  COUNTY. 

[Elevation,  87  feet.] 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1886                                                      

5.03 

0.73 

1.67 

4.19 

0.25 

0.01 

T. 

0.00 

0.00 

0.64 

1.29 

1.14 

15.55 

1887                             

1.07 

7.62 

1.01 

1.87 

0.14 

0.07 

0.01 

0.00 

0.65 

T. 

0.84 

3.25 

16.39 

1888                        •               

3.99 

1.80 

3.07 

0.15 

0.78 

0.40 

0.00 

T. 

0.39 

0.07 

3.87 

2.53 

17.05 

1889                                            

0.55 

0.42 

5.59 

0.95 

1.59 

0.01 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

4.30 

3.44 

12.  13 

28.98 

1890                              

7.18 

3.63 

3.03 

1.12 

1.08 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.45 

0.00 

0.00 

3.05 

19.54 

1891                                       

0.65 

4.72 

2.57 

2.  23 

1.10 

o.ofi 

0.00 

0.00 

0.21 

0.06 

0.37 

6.45 

18.  42 

1892                      

1.12 

1.41 

3.71 

1.10 

1.98 

T. 

0.03 

0.00 

0.01 

1.53 

3.49 

5.28 

19.64 

1893                                

2.65 

2.73 

5.58 

1.67 

0.47 

0.02 

0.00 

0.00 

0.14 

0.23 

2.44 

2.69 

18.  62 

1894                                        

7.28 

4.99 

1.23 

0.54 

1.94 

0.43 

T. 

0.00 

1.42 

1.49 

0.84 

9.45 

29.61 

1895                  

6.81 

2.55 

2.  15 

1.73 

0.86 

0.00 

T. 

0.00 

0.  75 

0.72 

1.80 

1.36 

18.73 

18%                                 

7.46 

0.30 

1.66 

4.47 

1.07 

0.00 

0.10 

0.83 

0.57 

1.22 

6.16 

2.91 

26.74 

1897           

2.08 

4.47 

4.78 

0.45 

0.16 

0.29 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

2.42 

0:92 

1.95 

15.  72 

1898                     

1.71 

2.  20 

0.88 

0.39 

1.28 

0.24 

0.00 

0.00 

t* 

1.33 

0.68 

1.65 

11.82 

1899                                     

2.78 

0.49 

6.09 

0.26 

0.66 

0.49 

T. 

0.09 

0.00 

4.24 

3.30 

2.91 

21.31 

1900  

3.49 

0.87 

1.87 

0.91 

0.79 

0.08 

T. 

0.00 

0.02 

2.C2 

4.67 

1.65 

If..  37 

3.«3 

2.60 

2.99 

1.47 

0.94 

0.13 

0.01 

0.06 

0.40 

1.35 

2.27 

3.89 

19.75 

NORTH  BLOOMFIKLD,  NEVADA  COUNTY. 
[Elevation,  3,200  feet.] 


1871                                       7.54 

5.94 

5.03 

4.36 

3.36 

0.12 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.83 

6.20 

25.19 

58.57 

1872                                                        12.  71 

18.22 

5.73 

3.84 

1.39 

0.41 

0.00 

0.00 

0.16 

0.53 

4.47 

11.77 

59.23 

1873                              4.16 

11.09 

2.50 

2.40 

1.57 

0.00 

0.10 

0.00 

0.00 

0.67 

3.37 

19.00 

44.86 

1874                                                        15  17 

7  08 

11  16 

4  04 

1  78 

0  25 

0  00 

0.02 

0.06 

4.88 

13.52 

1  21 

59  17 

1875    0.15 

0.88 

3.56 

0.30 

2.68 

0.63 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

2.09 

15.53 

7.64 

33.46 

1876                                                            10.  98 

10.20 

13.02 

4.03 

1.06 

0.01 

1.76 

0.01 

0.31 

10.46 

0.85 

0.00 

52.69 

1877  9.98 

2.89 

4.92 

3.07 

2.66 

0.91 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.10 

4.22 

1.96 

81.71 

1878                                         15.72 

16.97 

9.23 

2.44 

0.95 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

3.34 

3.72 

1.18 

53.55 

1879                                                            10.  00 

9.49 

16.62 

6.69 

3.84 

0.64 

0  00 

0.24 

0.00 

3.03 

6.43 

13  57 

70.55 

1880          5.  96 

5.66 

5.45 

23.31 

5.63 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.41 

21.  10 

67.52 

1881                                                            19.  46 

12.13 

4.92 

2.59 

1  33 

1.57 

0  00 

0  00 

1.75 

3  86 

4.05 

8  73 

60  39 

1882  8.02 

fi.  77 

10.02 

5.39 

1.82 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

2.74 

6.86 

5.72 

3.59 

50.93 

1883.                      .                                       3.  69 

3.94 

10.45 

3.39 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1  79 

3  60 

1  48 

2  84 

31  24 

1884                                                        :      9  21 

10  02 

15  66 

10  31 

2  66 

4  03 

0  00 

0  00 

1  98 

3  43 

0  00 

37  21 

94  50 

1885  !      3.65 

1.91 

0.79 

3.62 

0  71 

2  14 

0  00 

0  00 

2  55 

0  00 

20  23 

7  98 

43  58 

1897                                                          5  06 

16  57 

11  15 

3  70 

0  20 

1  45 

0  00 

0  11 

0  57 

5  05 

6  1'' 

5  41 

65  39 

1898  2.28 

13.03 

0.79 

1.18 

4  47 

1  70 

T 

T 

0  58 

2  87 

5  66 

4  10 

36  60 

1899.                  ....                                 10.88 

1  01 

18  24 

1  98 

3  91 

0  65 

0  00 

0  67 

0  00 

14  5'' 

13  33 

13  09 

78  28 

1900                                                              9  32 

5  20 

9  64 

6  82 

2  44 

T 

0  01 

0  00 

0  9r> 

8  3** 

10  99 

4  95 

58  64 

1901  7.73 

13  46 

2  97 

6  27 

1  73 

0  00 

T 

Mean  (20  vears)                          8  46 

8  99 

7  71 

3  74 

6  00 

10  15 

53  16 

NORTH  HILL  VINEYARD,  CALAVERAS  COUNTY. 
[Elevation,  660  feet.] 


1890.                        5  74 

2  S3 

2  °9 

1  33 

2  43 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  50 

T 

T 

2  62 

1891                         0  39 

2  71 

3  55 

2  70 

0  37 

0  22 

1892  '1.84 

1  71 

3  6° 

1  63 

3  02 

0  33 

0  00 

0  00 

0  25 

1  18 

5  33 

4  54 

1893.      .                   3  70 

2  87 

7  51 

1  32 

0  00 

1894                         6  31 

7  05 

1  16 

0  98 

1895  8  65 

2  30 

2  31 

2  91 

1  10 

0  00 

1896                         9  30 

0  10 

2  76 

6  24 

0  71 

1897  3  22 

6  63 

5  37 

0  47 

0  83 

0  58 

1898         .                1  *>2 

4  03 

0  ',  t'J 

0  57 

1  41 

1899  4  65 

0  24 

10  88 

0  42 

1  81 

0  40 

1900  1  57 

0  71 

3  38 

3  67 

1  49 

1  IT 

Mran  (11  vears)  4  19 

2  79 

3  98 

•>  02 

1  49 

GENERAL    PRECiriTATIOX    TABLES. 


193 


PRECIPITATION-  OF  CALIFORNIA  (IxcHES  AXD  Hrxi>REDTHs) — Continued. 

NORTH  ONTARIO.  SAN  BERNARDINO  COUNTY. 
[Elevation.  1.750  fet-t.] 


Year.                             Jan.        FVIi. 

: 

Mar. 

Apr.       May. 

June. 

July. 

An*. 

Sept.         ()<-t. 

Nov.       Dec. 

Annual. 

1897  5  2<j         7.82 

*» 

0  00         0  90 

0  00 

0  00 

T 

0  00         3  71 

0  40        0  43 

1898                                                              •'  30         1  11 

1  55 

0  50         '•  75 

0  00 

0  06 

000 

T          0  28 

1899  2.88         063 

2.71 

0  19        0  C5 

0  90 

0  00 

T 

0  05        1  73 

1  78        1  05 

1900                                                               I  75         0  19 

1  93 

1  68        2  77 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  64         0  40 

1901  5.33         6.10 

0.72 

II.  TN           1.50 

0.00 

0.00 

Mean  i. s  years) 3.50        3.17        2.55        0.63        1.59 


0.18 


0.01 


NORTH  SAX  JUAN,  NEVADA  COl'NTY. 
[Elevation.  2,130  feet.] 


1S97                                                               4  20 

13  70 

7  88 

2.20 

0  03         1  45 

0  00 

i 
003        074        433        580        165 

1898.                                                             3.  11 

8.72 

0.54 

1  00 

4  16         0  74 

0  00 

T           088          3  49          4.  -Vi          188 

1899                                                             13  25 

0  85 

16  0° 

1  36 

3  00         0  40 

0  00 

1900                                                               6  36 

3  88 

5  34 

4  87 

1  16            T 

T 

000           T          777        8  81        507 

1901  11.97 

12.44 

4.51 

4.59 

1.31        0.00 

T. 

Mean  (5  vears)  7.18 

7.92 

6.86 

2.80 

1.93        0.52 

T. 

i 

i 

1                1                1  

OAKDALE.  STANISLAUS  COUNTY. 
[Elevation,  156  feet.] 


Ig93  1.88 

2.36 

5.29    0.78 

0.21 

0  00 

T 

0  00 

0  28 

0  00 

1  45  i 

1  60 

1894                       5  46 

•5  20 

0  50    0  88 

2.38 

1  05 

0  00 

, 

0  00 

0  36 

1  23 

0  65 

1895  5.72 

2.24 

2.01    1  62 

0  51 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  ""O 

0  29 

1  03 

1  *>4 
l.-t 

18%                       5  28 

0  00 

1  44    J.84 

0  53 

0  00 

0  00 

0  10 

0  00 

1  61 

3.07 

1897                       2.58 

3  46 

2  7''    0  65 

0  06 

0  12 

0  00 

0  04 

0  *M 

1  53 

0  54 

1  25 

1898  0.68 

1.01 

0.  ii    0.  15 

1.52 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  76 

0  49 

1  63 

6  49 

1899                         2  28 

0  11 

4  64    0  04 

0  00 

1  56 

0  00 

0  04 

0  00 

3  °1 

1900  ...        1.49 

0.18 

•'  14    2.80 

1  60 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  95 

5  61 

1  08 

15  85 

" 

1                1                                        '                    ' 

OSILBY,  SAN  DIEGO  COUNTY. 
[Elevation.  354  feet.] 

1890                      ..       0.29 

| 
0.36         0.00  !      0.00         0.02         0.00         0.00         005         000         014         0.02         0  31              119 

1891                                                          0  00 

1  30        0.00        000        000        000        000        046        002        000        000        000             178 

1892                         ...               .  ..         0.55 

1.22         1.07         0.00         0.10         0.00         000         000         000         000         000         000             294 

1893  T. 

0.00        0.19        O.CO        0.38        0.00        1.02        0.03        0:39        000        027        023            2.51 

1S94                                       .                   0.00 

0.00         0.26         0.00         0.00         0.00         0.00  '      000'      064         000         000         000             090 

0.45 

0.  00         0.  00         0.  00         0.  00         0.  00         0.  00         0.  00         0  00         0  00         015         015             0  75 

1896                                                               0  CO 

000         000         000         0.00         000         000         000         000         000         000         100             100 

l-'.'T         ...                 -     .                     1.00 

0.00         0.00         0.00         0.  00         0.00         0.  00         000         000         000         000         000              100 

1898                                                              0  00 

000000        000         000         000         000         000000         000         000            T                  T 

l*'.»i                                                               0.00 

0.00         0.00         0.00         0.00         0.00         0.00         000         000         000         000         000             000 

1900                                                              0  00 

000         000         000         000         000         000         000            T          000         000         000                 T 

Mean    11  \var-  >                          0  21 

0  26         0  14         0  00         0  05         0  CO         0  09         0  05         0  10         0  01         0  04         0  15  '           1  10 

1  1  -.1        U,,ll      T         i\Q 

HI 

194 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 

PRECIPITATION  OF  CALIFORNIA  (INCHES  AND  HUNDREDTHS) — Continued. 

OLETA,  AMADOR  COUNTY. 

[Elevation,  1,510  feet.] 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Deo. 

Annual. 

1892                                      

3.44 

4.52 

7.59 

3.04 

4.54 

0.25 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.50 

10.70 

7.51 

43.09 

1893               

6.88 

4.88 

11.40 

2.65 

0.63 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.38 

4.53 

3.18 

34.53 

1894                              

7.23 

9.01 

1.11 

1.13 

3.69 

1.06 

T. 

T. 

1.38 

4.50 

1.37 

16.55 

47.03 

1895                                        

13.25 

5.75 

3.94 

4.25 

2.25 

0.00 

T. 

T. 

2.13 

0.12 

0.74 

3.50 

35.93 

1896                     

9.94 

0.87 

5.41 

9.55 

2.41 

0.06 

0.00 

0.24 

0.12 

1.06 

8.05 

4.51 

42.22 

1897                            

5.49 

14.44 

8.13 

1.50 

0.35 

0.74 

T. 

T. 

0.12 

3.00 

2.20 

3.01 

38.98 

1898                                             .     . 

1.64 

5.80 

1.36 

0.68 

1.96 

0.35 

T. 

0.00 

0.30 

0.80 

2.34 

2.24 

17.47 

1899 

5.29 

0.96 

12.43 

1.33 

1.01 

0.71 

0.00 

0.17 

T. 

6.98 

5.42 

7.82 

42.12 

1900                                 

2.33 

2.90 

4.66 

3.87 

1.24 

0.03 

T. 

0.00 

0.30 

2.76 

7.76 

1.61 

27.46 

6.17 

5.46 

6.23 

3.11 

2.01 

0.36 

T. 

0.05 

0.48 

2.34 

4.79 

5.55 

36.54 

ORLAND,  GLENN  COUNTY. 
[Elevation  254  feet.] 


1883      

0.52 

0.27 

1.49 

0.86 

2.07 

0.02 

0.00 

0.00 

0.80 

1.60 

0.12 

0.29 

8.04 

1884 

3.38 

1.58 

4.31 

2.97 

0.23 

2.55 

0.00 

0.00 

0.20 

0.80 

0.00 

4.03 

20.  05 

1885 

1.34 

0.58 

0.00 

0.51 

0.82 

0.50 

0.00 

0.00 

0.22 

0.00 

9.41 

3.03 

16.41 

1886              

4.45 

0.50 

1.01 

2.70 

0.64 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.50 

T. 

1.77 

11.57 

1887 

0.33 

3.74 

1.63 

2.06 

0.00 

0.15 

0.00 

T. 

0.00 

0.00 

1.14 

2.64 

11.69 

1888         

4.11 

1.56 

2.73 

0.57 

0.24 

0.53 

0.00 

0.00 

0.27 

0.00 

2.79 

3.47 

16.27 

1889 

0.22 

0.68 

4.52 

1.02 

1.37 

0.38 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

7.% 

2.20 

6.80 

25.05 

1890 

3.29 

1.63 

3.59 

0.53 

1.75 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

2.46 

13.25 

1891            

0.55 

7.88 

0.33 

1.38 

1.12 

1.40- 

0.00 

0.00 

0.09 

0.63 

0.36 

2.21 

15.95 

1892 

3.08 

1.93 

1.87 

1.16 

2.50 

0.20 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.95 

4.77 

5.67 

22.13 

1893        .       

4.13 

3.22 

3.47 

1.79 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.91 

0.43 

1.97 

1.23 

17.  15 

1894 

3.13 

2.75 

0.40 

0.53 

1.08 

0.35 

0.00 

0.00 

0.80 

0.72 

0.43 

7.89 

18.08 

1895  

8.25 

2.66 

2.09 

1.24 

0.58 

0.00 

0.27 

0.00 

1.67 

0.00 

1.34 

1.15 

19.25 

1896 

8.54 

0.05 

'  4.25 

3.03 

1.65 

0.00 

T. 

0.37 

0.83 

1.02 

2.69 

6.14 

28.57 

1897 

3  58 

4  01 

1  92 

1.79 

0  00 

0  60 

0  00 

0  00 

0  10 

0  00 

0  73 

1  41 

14  14 

1898  

0.36 

3.64 

T. 

0.00 

1.65 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.40 

0.32 

0.34 

1.22 

7.93 

1899 

6  98 

T 

4  17 

0  45 

0  94 

0  57 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

2  03 

4  58 

2  69 

22  41 

1900 

2  53 

0  84 

1  32 

2  72 

1  05 

i.  U.J 

0  31 

0  00 

0  07 

0  07 

3  20 

4  61 

1  68 

18  40 

Mean  (18  years)  

3.27 

2.08 

2.17 

1.41 

0.98 

0.42 

0.02 

0.02 

0.35 

1.12 

2.08 

3.10 

17.02 

OROVILLE,  BUTTE  COUNTY. 
[Elevation,  188  feet.] 


1885 

2.10 

0  73 

0^25 

1  64 

0  65 

0  39 

T 

0  00 

0  20 

T 

11  27 

5  53 

22  76 

1886 

5  17 

0  36 

2  70 

5  48 

0  50 

o  oo 

T 

T 

0  00 

0  63 

0  29 

2  52 

17  65 

1887  

1.02 

8.93 

0.98 

2  81 

0  08 

0  18 

T 

0  01 

0  15 

0  00 

1  21 

2  62 

17  99 

1888 

7  72 

0  99 

3  44 

0  14 

0  32 

1  16 

0  07 

T 

0  63 

0  00 

4  14 

7  91 

26  52 

1889  

0.16 

0.57 

8  98 

1  61 

3  07 

0  42 

0  00 

0  00 

0  06 

7  41 

4  89 

13  50 

40  61 

1890. 

4  00 

5  95 

7  07 

2  47 

3  84 

0  00 

0  00 

0  75 

0  00 

0  75 

4  61 

29  89 

1891 

2  60 

9  04 

0  69 

1  73 

1  30 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  03 

0  34 

1  56 

4  97 

1892  

4  60 

3.81 

4  82 

3  53 

3  24 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1  2*> 

6  99 

3  52 

31  73 

1893. 

4  06 

3  82 

6  47 

1  91 

1  17 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  92 

0  10 

4  03 

2  18 

2S  96 

1894  '.  

5.97 

3.21 

0  95 

1  20 

2  85 

0  45 

0  00 

0  00 

0  86 

2  40 

1  07 

11  48 

30  44 

1895     .  . 

11  92 

0  85 

2  60 

2  65 

0  65 

0  00 

0  33 

0  00 

4  25 

0  11 

1  85 

2  59 

27  80 

1896 

11  41 

0  38 

4  19 

7  03 

2  08 

0  00 

1897  

4  20 

8  60 

2  23 

0  35 

0  30 

0  30 

0  00 

0  00 

0  80 

<>  95 

2  65 

1  95 

24  33 

1898 

1  01 

6  03 

0  07 

0  58 

1  63 

0  30 

1899  

7  24 

0  00 

6  89 

0  71 

3  25 

1  22 

0  00 

0  15 

0  00 

8  31 

7  59 

4  38 

39  74 

1900  

5  79 

1  07 

2  79 

3  25 

1  03 

0  35 

0  00 

0  00 

Mean  (16  years) 

4  93 

3  33 

3  44 

2  27 

1  62 

0  33 

0  03 

0  02 

0  gg 

27  04 

GENERAL    PRECIPITATION    TABLES. 


195 


PRECIPITATION  OF  CALIFORNIA  (INCHES  AND  HUNDREUTHS)— Continued. 

PALERMO.  BUTTE  COUNTY. 

[Elevation,  213  feet.] 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June.      July. 

Aug. 

Sept.        Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1892  

2.94 

3.63 

3.92 

4.08 

2.81 

0.14        0.00 

0  00 

T.         1.19 

6.44 

6  29 

31  44 

1893 

3.77 

2.92 

3.81 

1  00 

1  60 

0  00        0  00 

0  00 

0  50        0  14 

'  58 

1  76 

18  08 

1894  

3.76 

2.34 

0.79 

0.74 

3.41 

0.30           T. 

0.00 

0.83        2.46 

1.07 

10  20 

25  90 

1895 

10.08 

2.83 

1  91 

1  % 

0  76 

0.00        0  30 

0  05 

3.76        0  06 

1  20 

0  67 

23  58 

1896.      .                   

10.03 

0.26 

2.31 

3.78 

0.80 

0.00        0.03 

0.22 

1.17  ;      0.54 

5  83 

3  9S 

28  95 

1897 

3.35 

6  79 

1  92 

0  76 

0  20 

0  89        0  00 

0  06 

0  33        3  50 

'  07 

0  45 

20  32 

1898                                     

1.24 

0.83 

0.00 

0.59 

1.75 

0.12        0  00 

0.00 

0.34        0.94 

1  16 

1  55 

8  52 

1899 

5  45 

0  00 

5  88 

0  16 

0  92 

1  30  1      0  00 

0  18 

0  00        5  76 

6  46 

3  72 

"9  83 

1900                            

5.80 

0.72 

2.29 

1.86 

0.87 

0.20        0.00 

0.00 

0.27        3.43 

3  63 

2.15 

21  22 

5.16 

2.26 

2.54 

1.66 

1.46 

0  33        0.04 

0.06 

0.80        2.00 

3  38 

3  42 

23  W 

PALM  SPRINGS,  RIVERSIDE  COUNTY. 
[Elevation,  584  feet] 


1889 

0.30    0.06 

1.54 

0.00 

0.01 

0.00 

0.00 

0.07    0.00 

0  53 

0  00 

4.64      7  15 

1890        

0.52    0.10 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.25    0.38 

0.00 

0.00 

'  0.50      1  75 

1891 

0.00    7.44 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.03 

1.02    0.10 

0  00 

0  00 

0  23      8  82 

1892                

2.18    0.26 

0.05 

0.00 

0.12 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00    0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00      2.61 

1893 

0.40    0  00 

1  18 

0  00 

0  10 

0  00 

0  35 

0  40   0.  10 

0  00 

3  00 

0  11      5  64 

1894 

0.00    0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00    0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

4.25      4.25 

1895       

3.50    0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00  !   0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

3.50     3.50 

1896 

0.00    0.00 

0.81 

0.03 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00  '   0.00 

0.00 

0  00 

0  00      0  84 

1897            

0.00    0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00    0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.09      1.09 

1898  

0.00    0.00 

0.60 

0.00 

T. 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00  j   0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.70      1.30 

1899 

1.21    0.12 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.62     T. 

0.00 

0.50 

2.86      5.31 

1900       

0.80  j   0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

T. 

0.  00    0.  00 

1.29 

T. 

0.00     2.09 

Mean  (12  vears)  

0.74    0.66 

0.35 

T. 

0.02 

• 

0.03 

0.19    0.05 

0.15 

0.29 

1.20      3.o3 

1 

PASADENA.  LOS  ANGELES  COUNTY. 
[Elevation,  828  feet.] 


1893                                                   .       7.53 

3.03 

10.47 

0.66 

0.20 

0.06 

0.01 

T. 

0.  04         0.  71 

0.18  '      4.08 

26.97 

1894                                   !      1.45 

0.74 

0.96 

0.13 

0.61 

0.00 

0.00 

0.09 

0.85  !      0.02 

0.01  1      5.89 

10.75 

1895                                                               7.  56 

[1.811 

4.27 

0.61 

0.41 

[0.01] 

0.00 

0.00 

T.       [0.98] 

[0.40]      [2.64] 

18.69 

1896                                                   ...       2.71 

0.00 

2.88 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00        1.74 

1.79        2.07 

11.19 

1897                         3.69 

4.78 

2.43 

0.14 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00        2.42 

0.00  1      0.62 

14.08 

1898                                                          1.85 

0.50 

1.05 

0.14 

1.35 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00        0.00 

0.00         0.55 

5.44 

1899                                       3.55 

0.00 

1.89 

T. 

0.00 

0.65 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00        1.98 

L40  i      0.89 

10.36 

1900         0.88 

0.00 

1.15 

0.48 

1.76 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

T.  '      0.00 

8.86  '      0.00 

13.13 

Mean(Svears)  3.65 

1.36 

3.14 

0.27 

0.54 

0.09 

T. 

0.01 

0.11         0.98 

1.58         2.09 

13.83 

. 

PASO  ROBLES,  SAN  LUIS  OBISPO  COUNTY. 
[Elevation,  SOU  feet.] 


1 
1887                                                 .  .       0.  51 

6.14 

0.34 

1.10 

0.44 

0.00         0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.21 

0.60 

2.61 

11.95 

1888  5.60 

0.30 

4.50 

0.20 

0.28 

0.00         0.00 

0.00 

0.01 

0.00 

4.02 

2.80 

17.  71 

1889                                                               0.  78 

0.98 

5.55 

0.45 

1.25 

0.00        0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

5.61 

1.69 

9.13 

25.44 

1890                         6.  75 

5.40 

1.74 

0.03 

0.22 

0.00        0.00 

0.00 

0.65 

0.00 

0.30 

3.34 

18.43 

1891                                                               0.  52 

7.27 

2.51 

1.72 

0.06 

0.05        0.00 

0.00 

0.41 

0.00 

0.00 

4.09 

16.63 

1S92                             0.63 

1.39 

3.09 

0.11 

1.88 

0.38        0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.46 

2.06 

5.02 

15.02 

1893                                                               3.28 

4.09 

6.28 

109 

0.27 

0.00  <      0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.24 

0.00 

2.38 

17.  6t 

1894                               1.06 

0.59 

0.22 

0.24 

1.09 

(M-2        0.00 

0.50 

1.13 

0.33 

0.09 

6.14 

11.51 

1895                                                               6.  43 

047 

• 

0.48 

0.08 

o.oo  1    o.oo 

0.00 

0.00 

0.61 

1.53 

0.55 

11.43 

1896                                   4.64 

0.02 

3.77 

1.25 

0.77 

T.            T. 

1.19 

T. 

1.66 

1.92 

2.48 

17.70 

'897                                                               3.65 

4.18 

2.88 

T. 

0.00 

o.oo  1    o.oo 

0.02 

0.03 

0.56 

0.05 

0.23 

11.60 

1898                           0.82 

L55 

0.83 

0.00 

0.68 

0.00  j      0.00 

0.00 

0.10 

0.13 

0.30 

0.27 

4.68 

1899                                                               4.16 

0.08 

4.99 

1.37 

T. 

0.13  '      0.00 

0.00 

T. 

2.55 

1.40 

2.53 

17.21 

1900                2.11 

0.08 

1.90 

0.42 

0.67 

T.            T. 

T. 

T. 

1.54 

6.10 

0:25 

13.07 

Mean  (14  vears  1  2.92 

2.32 

2.85 

0.60 

0.55 

0.05  J          T. 

0.12 

0.17 

0.92 

1.43 

2.92 

15.00 

196 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 


PRECIPITATION  OF  CALIFORNIA  (INCHES  AND  HrMiKEimis) — Continued. 

PEACHLAND,  SONOMA  COUNTY. 

[Elevation,  220  feet.] 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Au^. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

18% 

17.65 

0.40 

3.85 

6.03 

2.26 

0.00 

0.07 

0.08 

0.60 

2.59 

5.53 

8.83 

47.79 

1897                         

5.60 

8.63 

6.62 

0.12 

O.E1 

1.31 

T. 

T. 

0.13 

3.17 

2.34 

4.01 

32.44 

1898                                          

2.15 

8.28 

0.16 

0.37 

3.87 

0.41 

T. 

T. 

0.89 

0.85 

1.25 

1.38 

19.61 

1899 

16.16 

0.19 

10.25 

0.35 

1.99 

0.01 

T. 

0.19 

0.00 

6.57 

8.46 

6.20 

50.37 

1900                                

7.88 

1.15 

4.88 

4.16 

1.03 

0.31 

T. 

T. 

0.19 

6.09 

5.86 

5.10 

36.65 

9.87 

3.73 

5.15 

2.21 

1.93 

0.41 

0.01 

0.05 

0.36 

3.85 

4.69 

5.10 

37.  37 

PLACERVILLE,  ELDORADO  COUNTY. 
[Elevation,  1,820  feet.] 


1874  

12.58 

4.72 

10.77 

3.92 

1.% 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

3.42 

9.59 

1.18 

48.14 

1875           

12.58 

0.08 

2.88 

0.61 

1.58 

1.84 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.20 

17.64 

6.75 

45.16 

1876 

10.79 

8.01 

11.86 

3.60 

1.40 

0.00 

0.49 

0.07 

0.02 

6.16 

0.78 

0.00 

43.18 

1880     

4.38 

5.81 

4.66 

17.52 

3  95 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.35 

0.68 

16.94 

54.19 

J881              

15.53 

7.01 

3.38 

2.36 

T. 

1.89 

T. 

o.oo 

1.08 

2.80 

2.87 

7.70 

44.62 

1882 

6.71 

5.15 

9.30 

5.53 

1.19 

0.13 

T. 

0.00 

0.93 

5.72 

4.94 

1.98 

41.58 

1883         

3.74 

2.58 

6.88 

3.54 

6.25 

0.00 

T. 

0.00 

1.67 

3.38 

1.67 

2.63 

32.34 

1884 

,C.C6 

11.56 

14.46 

11.82 

1.60 

2.51 

T. 

0.03 

0.85 

2.47 

0.10 

22.65 

74.11 

1885  

4.15 

0.97 

0.33 

3.32 

0.27 

1.42 

0.00 

0.00 

0.55 

0.00 

15.97 

5.22 

32.20 

1886           

13.03 

1.15 

5.22 

11.75 

1.24 

0.50 

T. 

0.00 

0.00 

1.42 

0.91 

5.02 

40.24 

1887 

3.18 

14.18 

2.09 

5.71 

0.53 

0.28 

0.00 

0.00 

0.68 

0.06 

1.42 

8  34 

36  37 

1888           

11.27 

2.39 

5.26 

0.91 

1.10 

1.50 

0.04 

T. 

0.88 

T. 

5.98 

7.06 

36.39 

1889 

1.03 

0.86 

9.78 

1.93 

8.05 

0.16 

0.00 

T. 

0.00 

9.07 

7.77 

18  18 

56.83 

1890      

14.57 

7.46 

13.81 

3.36 

4.01 

0.00 

0.00 

T. 

1.64 

T. 

T. 

6.89 

51.74 

1891 

1.40 

9.29 

8.18 

4.29 

1.91 

1.20 

0.00 

O.CO 

0.37 

0.32 

1  97 

12  57 

41  50 

1892   

4.43 

6.83 

8.26 

4.33 

5.35 

0.00 

0.00 

O.CO 

0.20 

2.23 

'  12.14 

15.48 

59.25 

1893 

7.14 

6.94 

12.39 

5.31 

1.71 

0.00 

T 

0.00 

1.26 

0.96 

5  74 

4  68 

46.13 

1894  

11.05 

13.02 

2.94 

2.24 

4.70 

1.63 

T. 

0.10 

1.52 

3.93 

1.C6 

13.49 

60.68 

1895 

17.85 

5.07 

4.43 

4.75 

2.58 

0.00 

T. 

T 

1  79 

0  16 

0  77 

5  24 

42  64 

1896  

16.38 

0.78 

11.11 

12.00 

3.56 

0.00 

0.03 

0.15 

0.63 

1.51 

11.71 

4.07 

61.93 

1897           

4.  C8 

14.61 

9.49 

2.23 

0.36 

1.09 

0.00 

0.05 

0  13 

3  39 

2  68 

2  43 

41  14 

1898 

1  78 

6.18 

1  28 

0  58 

2  70 

0  66 

T 

T 

0  11 

1  CO 

2  30 

2  80 

19  K9 

1899     

5.62 

0.48 

14.98 

2.01 

1.78 

0.88 

0.00 

0.10 

0  CO 

7  73 

6  72 

8  32 

48  62 

1900 

3.92 

2  89 

5  84 

4  32 

1  15 

[0  68] 

T 

0  00 

0  55 

3  62 

9  82 

3  30 

36  09 

8.08 

5  75 

7  48 

4  91 

2  45 

0  68 

0  0° 

0  0° 

0  62 

''  54 

5  21 

7  83 

45  GO 

POINT  LOBOS. 
[Elevation,  250  feet.] 


1893  

3.19 

2.53 

3.74 

1.01 

0.19 

0.01 

T. 

0.14 

0.14 

0.28 

3.59 

1.05 

15.87 

1894 

5  17 

2  48 

0  62 

0  15 

1  71 

0  55 

T 

T 

1  40 

1  36 

0  68 

9  21 

°3  33 

1895  

5.61 

2.30 

1  91 

1  09 

0  75 

0  00 

0  03 

0  01 

0  88 

0  11 

9  33 

1  06 

Hi  OS 

1896 

7  33 

0  41 

3  45 

3  99 

0  91 

T 

0  0° 

0  °6 

0  46 

1  58 

4  99 

4  16 

27  56 

1897  

2.91 

4.47 

4.91 

0  12 

0  71 

0  25 

o  oo 

0  0'* 

0  09 

2  13 

1  20 

1  51 

18  35 

1898  

1  78 

2  64 

0  47 

0  12 

1  17 

0  25 

0  00 

0  0° 

1  00 

0  7° 

0  63 

1  61 

10  41 

1899 

4  93 

0  18 

7  86 

1  05 

0  86 

0  0° 

0  00 

0  00 

3  58 

3  41 

05  08 

1900  

4  57 

0  96 

2  23 

1  41 

0  14 

0  00 

0  00 

0  06 

0  59 

1  26 

3  49 

1  37 

16  11 

Moan  (8  years)  

4.44 

2  00 

3  15 

1  12 

0  80 

0  14 

0  01 

0  06 

0  57 

1  33 

2  56 

9  93 

19  10 

POINT  REYES  LIGHT. 
[Elevation,  650  foet.] 


1892  

4.68 

4  37 

3  36 

2  26 

2  97 

0  36 

0  45 

0  °7 

0  68 

1  54 

3  22 

4  7'* 

28  88 

1893  

3  21 

2  58 

8  09 

1  83 

0  91 

0  08 

1894  

8.26 

2  39 

2  06 

0  66 

<>  31 

1  16 

0  00 

0  00 

2  64 

1  04 

9  50 

39  44 

1895  

9  43 

1  34 

2  63 

1  02 

1  29 

0  02 

T 

o  97 

1896 

8  30 

0  97 

3  25 

4  20 

1897 

2  74 

4  93 

5  87 

1898  

1  60 

4  48 

0  47 

0  29 

1899 

7  11 

0  53 

5  56 

1900  

6  46 

0  99 

2  45 

2  51 

0  17 

Moan  ilt  v  cars')  

5  75 

2  51 

3  75 

1  57 

1  53 

GENERAL    PRECIPITATION    TABLES. 

PKBCIPITATIOX  OF  CALIFORNIA  ( INCHES  AND  HUNOREDTHS) — Continued. 

POMONA  (NEAR),  LOS  ANGELES  COUNTY. 

[Elevation,  860  feet.] 


197 


Year.                          -.  Jan.        Feb. 

1 

Mar.       Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug.       Sept. 

Oct. 

NOT. 

Dec. 

Animal. 

1894  •>  36 

0.82 
1.39 
0.00 
6.16 
0.81 
0.04 
0.05 

0.65 
3.56 
4.39 
3.34 
1.22 
2.10 
1.02 

0.08 
0.66 
0.15 
T. 
0.06 
0.10 
0.95 

0.36 
0.00 
0.00 
T. 
2.22 
0.00 
2.00 

0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.73 
0.00 

0.00 
0.00 
0.09 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 

0.00        0.44 
0.00         0.00 
0.00         0.00 
0.00         0.22 
0.00        O.CO 
0.00        0.00 
0.00        0.00 

0.04 
0.06 
1.45 
1.26 
0.-09 
1.92 
0.34 

0.00 
1.08 
1.19 
0.51 
0.08 
1.39 
8.38 

8.48 
0.66 
1.57 
0.96 
0.51 
0.95 
0.00 

13.23 
16.16 
11.26 
17.99 
7.12 
10.02 
14.04 

1895.                                                       i      a  74 

1896  2.42 

189T                                                               5  54 

1896...         .                                          '      2.13 

1899  !      2.79 

1900...                                                   :      1  30 

Mean  (7  vears  'i  3,61 

1.32 
I 

2.33         0.29         0.65 

0.10 

0.01 

0.00        0.09 

0.74 

1.80 

1.88 

12.83 

PORTERVILLE,  TULARE  COUNTY. 
[Elevation,  J61  feet.] 

1888                                                    <      0  8? 

0.18 
0.49 
2.43 
1.33 
1.85 
0.83 
1.54 
T. 
2.46 
1.55 
0.17 
0.16 

1.26 
1.30 
0.71 
2.21 
3.68 
0.71 
1.10 
0.67 
2.00 
0.08 
2.02 
0.89 

0.42 
0.12 
1.14 
0.16 
0.27 
0.32 
0.41 
1.13 
0.30 
T. 
0.19 
1.94 

0.89 
0.20 
0.29 
0.65 
0.00 
0.42 
0.35 
0.13 
0.42 
0.55 
0.10 
2.41 

T. 
0.00 
0.00 
0.22 
0.00 
1.C9 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.08 
0.85 

o.oo 

0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.69 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
T. 

T.  j      0.00 
0.15        0.00 
0.00        0.01 
0.00        0.00 
0.00  •      0.00 
0.00;      0.43 
O.CO  '         T. 
0.00            T. 
0.00        0.00 
0.00        2.10 
T.  j      0.00 
0.00           T. 

3.41 
0.00 
0.00 
0.17 
0.00 
0.15 
0.23 
0.65 
1.19 
T. 
1.08 
O.C4 

0.45 
0.40 
0.36 
0.54 
0.07 
0.04 
1.71 
0.94 
0.50 
0.27 
0.88 
3.44 

3.23 

3.38 
2.43 
0.61 
3.13 
0.51 
0.93 
0.89 
0.35 
0.91 
0.30 

10.66 
8.87 
8.68 
7.97 
7.31 
8.64 
9.67 
6.75 
9.72 
5.65 
7.21 
10.  li 

1890  ,      3.43 

1891                                      •                    0  36 

1892  0  26 

1893                                                    ,      o  <8 

1894....                                              :      1  52 

1895  j      3.82 

•1896                                                     i      1  61 

1817  1  96 

1898                                                          0.75- 

1899.-     .                                                  1  01 

1900  097 

Mean  (12  vear«)                           1  44 

1.08 

1.39        0.53 

0.53 

O.IK 

0.01 

0.21 

0.58 

0.80 

1.62 

8.44 

POWAY,  SAN  DIEGO  COUNTY. 
[Elevation,  46)  feet.] 

1879  •>  88 

1.53 
1.54 
0.60 
2.60 
1.76 
9.40 
0.35 
0.77 
4.87 
2.42 
1.29 
1.08 
T. 
4.91 
0.22 
0.61 
0.32  ; 

0.00 
1.76 
2.86 
1.13 
1.87 
6.96 
0.34 
3.24 
0.34 
8.26 
1.64 
1.24 
4.73 
2.89 
1.75 
1.16 
0.69 

1.30  •      O.OS 
3.10  '      0.09 
1.14  :      0.03 
0.84         0.04 
1.36  j       1.34 
4.81        2.26 
2.C5         0.63 
2.78        0.00 
2.01         0.34 
0.51        0.00 
0.14        0.21 
0.46        0.26 
0.96        0.31 
0.00         0.12 
0.33        1.55 
0.05        0.44 
1.48         1.48 

0.20 
0.00 
0.00 
0.09 
0.00 
0.44 
0.07 
0.00 
0.00 
T. 
0.15 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.51 
0.05 

0.00 
0.06 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
T. 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
T. 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 

O.CO 
0.16 
0.04 
0.01 
T. 
T. 
T. 
0.02 
T. 
0.00 
0.06 
T. 
0.08 
0.00 
T. 
0.00 
0.00 

0.00 
T. 
0.03 
0.04 
0.00 
T. 
0.00 
0.00 
0.63 
0.06 
T. 
0.00 
0.00 
0.02 
0.05 
0.00 
T. 

0.30 
0.74 
1.17 
0.29 
1.59 
0.24 
0.06 
0.10 
0.00 
0.19 
T. 
0.25 
1.51 
1.70 
0.00 
0.78 
0.25 

2.75 
0.30 
0.20 
0.60 
0.00 
0.38 
2.71 
1.50 
2.04 
1.36 
0.00  . 
1.44 
1.54 
0.08 
0.29 
1.29 
3.19 

4.72 
3.56 
0.73 
0.27 
2.40 
5.91 
0.90 
0.20 
2.70 
2.49 
3.06 
0.57 
2.42 
0.72 
1.87 
1.29 
0.00 

13.73 
12.44 
7.96 
12.40 
11.20 
31.99 
7.83 
14.95 
13.02 
17.07 
7.34 
17.95 
14.05 
14.74 
8.84 
9.11 
11.35 

1880.                                                         1  1? 

1881.                                                         1  16 

1882.                                                             6.40 

1883                                                              0  88 

1S84  1  59 

1885                                                          0  72 

1886.                                                         f  31 

1887  0.09 

1893.                                                         1  78 

1S94  .                                 0.79 

1895                                                        12.65 

1896.                                                              ?  .VI 

1897                                                              4  30 

1898.                                                             2.78 

1S99  2.98 

1900                                                          3  89 

Mean  (17  vears}  3.11 

2.02 

2.40         1.37         O..V1 

0.09 

T. 

0.02 

0.05 

0.54 

1.16 

1.99 

13.29 

QUINCY,  PLUMAS  COUNTY. 
[Elevation,  3,400  feet.] 

1895.                                                        [»  3S] 

[4.96] 
0.65  ' 
8.31 
10.08 
0.82 
1.87  ; 

[6.431        2-09 
7.96      11.03 
0.99 
0.20        1.01 
9.02        1.36 
7.7«        3.54 

3.86 
4.39 
0.00 
3.97 

2.28      ; 

0.98 

0.00 
0.00  , 
1.60 

r.84 

0.13 
0.25  ! 

O.S7 
0.06 
0.00 
0.13 
0.00 
T. 

0.35 
0.20 
T. 
T. 
1.09 
T. 

6.27 
1.43 
0.63 
0.08 
0.00 
0.04 

0.44 
1.05  ; 
3.01  i 
1.73 
11.88 
7.33 

1.53 
11.26 
6.13 
2.47 
9.13  ; 
8.42  ! 

5.07 
6.36 
3.97 
1.56 
7.60 
4.70 

39.75 
65.18 
35.94 
24.28 

.V>.  06 
41.63 

1896.        ..                                             20.79 

1897                                                               "  77 

1898                                                               1.21 

1899  8.75 

1900                                                              6.  21 

Mean  .  il  v.-ar-    .                          8.  10        4.  45 

6.  66         3.  34 

0.64 

0.09 

0.27          1.41 

4.24 

fi.49 

4.SS 

tX  14 

198 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 

PRECIPITATION  OP  CALIFORNIA  (INCHES  AND  HUNDREDTHS) — Continued. 

REDDING,  SHASTA  COUNTY. 

[Elevation,  552  feet.] 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1875                            

6.21 

0.16 

1.41 

0.01 

0.14 

0.24 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

2.11 

13.31 

9.13 

32.72 

1876                                   

11.26 

7.97 

8.85 

1.77 

2.90 

0.70 

0.63 

0.65 

1.20 

5.60 

0.40 

0.00 

41.  95 

1877                         

6.59 

3.78 

4.43 

0.57 

1.41 

0.75 

0.00 

0.07 

0.00 

1.63 

7.26 

4.41 

30.90 

1878                            

22.69 

13.78 

7.20 

1.66 

0.74 

0.05 

0.00 

0.00 

1.32 

2.15 

2.59 

0.59 

52.77 

1879                  

4.20 

4.81 

10.54 

6.82 

3.56 

0.48 

0.03 

0.11 

0.00 

0.75 

5.% 

10.85 

48.11 

1880                            

4.02 

2.21 

1.62 

9.73 

1.32 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.10 

0.13 

18.39 

37.52 

lss|                                     

14.64 

9.09 

0.99 

5.63 

0.71 

1.09 

0.00 

0.05 

1.12 

4.05 

1.50 

6.07 

44.94 

1882                      

3.02 

3.36 

4.23 

1.67 

0.37 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

3.62 

4.67 

2.05 

22.99 

1883                            

1.78 

0.36 

3.71 

1.56 

4.26 

0.00 

0.00 

O.Ot) 

1.00 

4.09 

0.67 

0.75 

18.18 

1884                                            

5.45 

3.94 

8.20 

3.05 

T. 

1.64 

0.00 

0.00 

0.02 

1.36 

0.00 

14.31 

38.17 

1885                             

2.32 

1.28 

0.00 

3.68 

0.00 

1.23 

0.00 

0.00 

T. 

0.00 

11.90 

9.00 

29.36 

1886                                 

10.30 

T. 

2.90 

8.41 

2.32 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.98 

0.13 

5.34 

30.38 

1887                    

2.50 

8.35 

1.20 

3.65 

1.25 

0.95 

0.00 

0.00 

0.15 

0.00 

1.60 

4.10 

23.75 

1888                              

9.35 

2.70 

2.95 

0.00 

0.73 

3.52 

0.00 

0.00 

0.45 

0.00 

[3.68] 

7.33 

30.71 

1889                                       

[6.34] 

0.09 

10.78 

2.33 

3.90 

0.% 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

15.13 

5.07 

17.66 

[62.26] 

1890                         

10.80 

6.76 

7.77 

3.12 

2.24 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.57 

0.00 

0.00 

3.56 

35.82 

1891                                       

1.68 

9.95 

3.05 

2.31 

3.17 

1.91 

0.75 

0.00 

•  0.13 

0.02 

0.08 

8.36 

31.41 

1892                  

4.08 

3.52 

3.96 

4.27 

4.44 

0.10 

0.03 

0.00 

0.04 

2.10 

6.30 

10.79 

39.63 

1893                                

4.16 

3.90 

12.  16 

4.19 

1.86 

0.00 

T. 

0.00 

2.36 

0.39 

8.33 

4.16 

41.51 

1894                                              

9.78 

5.36 

2.89 

1.84 

2.45 

0.95 

T. 

0.74 

1.32 

4.15 

1.01 

12.22 

42.71 

1895                         

12.84 

3.08 

2.78 

0.99 

2.61 

0.00 

0.95 

T. 

3.24 

0.01 

2.12 

4.36 

32.98 

18%                                   

14.52 

0.79 

4.17 

4.05 

8.97 

0.35 

T. 

0.38 

0.81 

1.99 

6.30 

8.98 

51.31 

1897 

4.42 

6.80 

5.29 

3.02 

0.00 

1.59 

T. 

0.00 

0.15 

1.36 

1.69 

3.  CO 

27.92 

1898                           

0.54 

3.77 

0.00 

0.76 

3.64 

0.15 

0.00 

T. 

0.13 

1.56 

2.23 

1.78 

14.56 

1899                                     

9.66 

1.04 

8.86 

0.61 

0.82 

2.46 

0.00 

0.08 

0.00 

4.83 

8.50 

4.18 

41.04 

1900  

6.45 

2.86 

3.68 

2.59 

3.12 

1.38 

T. 

0.16 

2.48 

6.47 

3.03 

3.14 

35.36 

Mean  (26  years) 

7.29 

4.22 

4.75 

3.01 

2.19 

0.79 

0.09 

0.09 

0.67 

2.48 

3.79 

6.74 

36.11 

REPRESSA,  SACRAMENTO  COUNTY. 
[Elevation,  305  feet.] 


1893                                                 

[6.06] 

[4.34] 

7.40 

2.00 

1.28 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.70 

0.26 

3.81 

2.35 

[28.  20] 

1894             

4.71 

5.53 

0.65 

0.56 

2.80 

1.10 

0.00 

0.00 

0.65 

2.75 

0.90 

12.56 

32.21 

1895                                 

11.36 

2.64 

2.50 

2.26 

1.83 

0.00 

0.00 

T. 

1.45 

0.07 

1.98 

1.95 

26.04 

1896 

9.07 

0.22 

4.46 

6.54 

1.62 

0.00 

0.00 

0.55 

0.35 

0.82 

5.86 

1.80 

31.29 

1897               

4.38 

8.99 

4.95 

0.71 

0.35 

T. 

0.00 

0.18 

0.10 

2.61 

1.11 

2.04 

25.42 

1898                                   

0.79 

4.31 

0.30 

0.45 

1.53 

0.35 

0.00 

0.00 

0.24 

0.88 

1.87 

2.62 

13.34 

1899 

5.41 

0.04 

. 
7.88 

0.74 

1.12 

0.43 

0.00 

0.04 

0.00 

6.39 

5.52 

4.39 

31.96 

1900                         

5.00 

1.16 

2.73 

3.12 

1.72 

T. 

0.00 

0.00 

0.25 

2.26 

4.37 

1.63 

22.24 

Mean  (8  years)  

5.85 

3.40 

3.86 

2.05 

1.53 

0.24 

0.00 

0.10 

0.47 

2.00 

3.18 

3.67 

26.34 

RIO  VISTA,  SOLANO  COUNTY. 
[Elevation,  28  feet.] 


1893                                                   ...        3.  15 

2.31 

3.31 

0.99 

0.61 

0.00 

0.00 

o.oo 

0.14 

0.09 

2.66 

2.00 

15.26 

1894                                                              6.  61 

4.56 

0.65 

0.35 

1.23 

0.98 

0.03 

T. 

1.28 

1.91 

0.53 

8.36 

25.49 

1895                           '      7.96 

2.60 

1.00 

0.91 

0.84 

0.00 

0.00 

T. 

1.18 

0.19 

1.82 

1.17 

17.67 

1896                                                 .  .       9.  01 

0.22 

1.42 

4.51 

0.07 

0.00 

T. 

0.21 

0.53 

1.44 

3.12 

1.96 

23.09 

1897                                                          2.  49 

3.99 

4.31 

0.21 

T. 

0.05 

0.00 

0.01 

0.11 

1.79 

0.30 

1.24 

14.50 

1898                •      1.26 

1.89 

0.29 

0.28 

1.55 

0.06 

0.00 

0.00 

0.17 

0.70 

0.45 

1.47 

8.12 

1899                                          .                4.21 

0.00 

6.94 

0.28 

0.13 

0.90 

0.00 

T. 

0.00 

4.47 

2.77 

1.87 

21.57 

1900                                                              3  02 

0  42 

1  46 

0  94 

1.39 

0.10 

T 

0.00 

0.01 

1.59 

4.77 

1.35 

15.05 

Mean  (8  years)                            4.59 

2  00 

2.  42 

1.06 

0.80 

0.26 

T. 

0.  OS 

0.43 

1.52 

2.05 

2.43 

17.  59 

GENERAL    PRECIPITATION    TABLES. 


199 


PRECIPITATION  OF  CALIFORNIA  (INCHES  AND  HUNDREDTHS) — Continued. 

ROSEWOOD,  TEHAMA  COUNTY. 

[Elevation,  865  feet.] 


Year.                       j  Jan. 
fc 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Xov. 

Dec.     Annual. 

1804.            5.80 

2.30 

2.40 

2.00 

3  20 

-- 

0  01 

T 

1.64 

1.42 

0  79 

12.63         33.07 

1895                                                        11.  93 

2.34 

2.27 

1  26 

0  42 

0  00 

0  45 

T 

0  81 

0  97 

1  70 

3  25         25  40 

1896  ...                13.60 

0.30 

3.85 

4.58 

3  15 

0  02 

0.17 

0  16 

1  08 

P051 

3  68 

7  46        [39  10] 

I-i'T                                                               4  49 

4.64 

2.17 

0  42 

0  01 

1  77 

T 

T 

0  OS 

1  28 

1  16 

2.11         18.  08 

1898.                                                         0  9< 

3.80 

0.16 

0  40 

2.79 

0  26 

0  00 

0  01 

0  26 

0  53 

1  59 

1  78         12.49 

1899                                                          9  50 

0  30 

6  09 

0  90 

2  09 

0  0° 

0  00 

T 

0  00 

•>  30 

5  29 

3  93         30  43 

1900  2.98 

1.91 

2.37 

2.42 

2  60 

0  70 

0  00 

0  08 

0  59 

3  46 

r        2  71 

2.77         22.59 

Mean  (—  vears)  7.03 

2.23 

"  76 

1  71 

2.04 

0  52 

0  09 

0  04 

0  63 

1  57 

2  42 

4  85         25  88 

1 

SAX  ARDO,  MONTEREY  COUNTY. 
[Elevotion,  236  feet.] 


1887  .          '   0.58 

5  58 

0  17 

0  76 

0  05 

0  26 

0  00 

0  00 

0  14 

0  37 

0  32 

2  07 

10  30 

1888                       3.44 

0  28 

2  91 

0  11 

0  27 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

3  °4 

2  31 

12.56 

1889.       .                0.83 

0  80 

6  16 

0  49 

0  27 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

4  74 

0  96 

7  16 

23  41 

1890                         3  36 

3  59 

0  99 

0  00 

0  43 

0  00 

0  00 

0  04 

1  10 

0  00 

0  11 

1  41 

11  03 

1891                       0  43 

3.99 

0  76 

1  04 

0  03 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  14 

0  00 

0  00 

1  57 

7  96 

1892  0.58 

0.48 

1.37 

0.08 

1.61 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  15 

1  80 

3  40 

9  47 

1893                     '   1  55 

1  31 

3  94 

0  62 

0  15 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  21 

1  06 

8  84 

1894  '   1.18 

0  34 

0  13 

0  10 

0  68 

0  15 

0  00 

0  00 

0  65 

0  25 

0  V 

4  42 

7  92 

1S95                       S  °8 

0  23 

0  94 

0  41 

0  02 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1  48 

2.86 

0  30 

10  22 

1896.                     1   5  10 

0  00 

2.11 

2.27 

0  25 

0  00 

0  00 

0  22 

0  00 

0  45 

2  73 

1  54 

14.67 

1897                         0  89 

1.18 

i  19 

0  06 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  22 

0  00 

0  78 

0  05 

0  42 

5  79 

1898.                        0  38 

0  89 

0  70 

0  00 

0  43 

0  00 

0  00 

T 

T 

0  13 

0  20 

0  15 

2.88 

1S99  3.24 

0.03 

2  81 

0  84 

T 

T 

0  00 

T 

0  00 

1  65 

0  96 

1.09 

10  62 

1900                       1  68 

0  15 

1  15 

0  39 

0  66 

T 

0  00 

T 

0  88 

4  30 

0  08 

9  29 

Mean  (14  vears)  1.94 

1.35 

1.88 

0.51 

0.35 

0.03 

T. 

0.03 

0.14 

0  78 

1  41 

1  93 

10  35 

1 

SANGER  JUNCTION,  FRESNO  COUNTY. 
[Elevation,  371  feet.] 


1889  ..     ..    0.47 

0.54 

2.95 

0.84 

. 
0.80 

0.00 

0  00 

T 

0.00 

4  39 

1.31 

4.71 

16.00 

1890  4.02 

1.48 

1.22 

0.11 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.11 

0.00 

0.04 

2.37 

9.35 

1891  .    0.55 

2.41 

0.45 

0.30 

0.00 

0.00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  10 

0  00 

0  40 

3  26 

7  47 

1892                       0  74 

0  85 

2.57 

0  46 

1  30 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

o  oo 

0  93 

1  23 

8.08 

1893  1.15 

2.15 

3.14 

0.05 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

2.17 

8.92 

1894                       2  14 

2  46 

-, 

0  21 

0  60 

1  55 

0  00 

0  00 

0  38 

0  42 

0  40 

4  38 

13.  10 

1895                       4.14 

2.16 

2  37 

0  74 

0  59 

0  00 

0  00 

0  CO 

0  06 

0  20 

0  61 

0  89 

11  76 

1896                         4.75 

0  00 

1  46 

1  13 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  33 

0  00 

1  25 

1  "n 

0  97 

11  16 

1897                         1  94 

3  97 

2  32 

0  46 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

2.22 

0  55 

0  66 

1'  1' 

1898.                       0  66 

1.01 

0.79 

T 

0.77 

0.00 

0  00 

0  09 

1  44 

0  03 

0  23 

5  26 

1S99                       2  01 

0  16 

4  14 

0  35 

0  00 

0  60 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

o  79 

2  08 

0  65 

12.78 

1900  .          2.05 

0  09 

1  01 

0  97 

1  64 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  37 

5  89 

0  33 

12.35 

Mean  (12  vears)  .     .     2.05 

1.44 

1.94 

0.47 

0.48 

0  18 

0  00 

0  03 

0  17 

1  14 

1  83 

10  70 

SAN  I.EANDRO.  A  LA  MED  A  COUNTY. 
[Elevation.  50  feet] 


1895  !   8.21 

2.69 

2.06 

1.96 

0.82 

0.00 

0  08 

0  00 

0  63 

0  26 

0  31 

v  25 

21  27 

1896                         9  84 

0  25 

0  03 

5  86 

0  91 

0  00 

0  04 

1  34 

0  89 

1  41 

5  78 

31  24 

1897                         3  13 

5  79 

6  03 

0  50 

0  12 

0  22 

0  00 

0  00 

0  10 

o  67 

1  21 

2  43 

?2  20 

1898.                         1  33 

2.66 

0  39 

0  38 

1  44 

0  36 

0  00 

0  00 

1  13 

1  43 

0  96 

1  58 

11  56 

1899  .    3.68 

0.20 

10.85 

0.82 

1.18 

0.21 

0.00 

T 

0  00 

4  38 

4  76 

2  76 

.  -i 

1900                       3  93 

1  24 

-  -- 

0  58 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  04 

1  78 

5  09 

1  91 

19  os 

Mpfln  (fi  v*>^r«)               5  (f> 

2  14 

4  00 

1  96 

-: 

0  13 

0  02 

0  -1 

0  46 

1  99 

3  35 

2  30 

****  38 

200 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 


PRECIPITATION  OF  CALIFORNIA   (INCHES  AND  HUNDREDTH**) — Continued. 

SAX  MIGUEL,  SAX  LUIS  OBISPO. 

[Elevation,  616  feet.] 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1887              

0.52 

5.96 

0.12 

1.40 

0.24 

0.26 

0.00 

o.oo 

0.58 

0.37 

0.49 

2.84 

12.78 

Iggg                              

4.06 

0.13 

2.34 

0.00 

0.22 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

o.oo 

0.00 

2.44 

2.1] 

11.30 

1889 

0.80 

0.85 

4.10 

0.32 

0.67 

0.00 

0.00 

o.'i 

o.co 

3.90 

1.60 

6.72 

18.% 

1890                  

3.79 

3.13 

0.81 

0.00 

0.18 

0.00 

0.00 

O.uO 

0.67 

0.00 

0.01 

[2.50] 

11.09 

1891                                       

0.42 

5.20 

2.  C>7 

0.69 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.35 

0.00 

0.00 

2.21 

11.54 

1892                    

0.28 

0.97 

2.30 

0.06 

1.25 

0.02 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.40 

2.41 

3.27 

10.94 

1893                                     

1.37 

1.31 

3.99 

0.79 

0.09 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.14 

0.30 

2.09 

10.08 

1894                  

0.90 

0.41 

0.13 

0.06 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.47 

0.69 

0.21 

5.21 

8.08 

1895                                     

4..22 

0.33 

1.10 

0.47 

0.09 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.56 

1.05 

0.56 

8.38 

1896              '.  

3.57 

0.00 

3.11 

1.35 

0.24 

0.00 

0.00 

0.68 

0.10 

0.67 

1.49 

1.89 

13.10 

1897                                     ... 

1.14 

3.62 

1.78 

0.13 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.04 

0.27 

0.03 

0.27 

7.28 

1898                

0.25 

1.17 

0.93 

0.00 

0.51 

0.00 

o.oo 

0.00 

0.02 

0.03 

0.19 

0.36 

3.  46 

1899                           

3.09 

0.26 

3.04 

0.99 

0.00 

0.17 

t).00 

0.00 

0.00 

2.35 

0.87 

1.23 

12.00 

1900 

1.69 

0.07 

1.63 

0.44 

0.45 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.60 

4  45 

0  12 

9  45 

1.86 

1.67 

2.00 

0.48 

0.28 

0.03 

0.00 

0.05 

0.16 

0.71 

1.11 

2.24 

10  60 

SAN  MIGUEL  ISLAXD,  SANTA  BARBARA  COUNTY. 
[Elevation,  500  feet.] 


1894 

[3.90] 

[1.07] 

•C.40 

0.34 

0.34 

0.11 

T. 

0.00 

0.79 

0.11 

0.30 

4.80 

12  16 

1895 

4  10 

0.63 

2.12 

0.10 

0.05 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0  00 

1.27 

0  40 

0  48 

9  15 

1896                                            

5.37 

0.00 

2.25 

0.93 

0.90 

0.00 

0.16 

0.10 

0.21 

0.60 

2.52 

1.36 

14  40 

1897 

4  28 

3.57 

1.63 

0.04 

0.03 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.18 

0  76 

0  00 

0  14 

10  63 

1898  .             ...               

1.84 

0.09 

0.39 

0.02 

0.71 

0.70 

0.14 

0.04 

2.70 

0.23 

0.20 

1  16 

8  22 

1899 

4  25 

0.35 

1.89 

1.33 

[0  411 

2  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1  40 

1  56 

n  351 

14  54 

1900                                      

1.76 

0.24 

0.75 

0.75 

0.44 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0  24 

1  70 

0  17 

6  05 

Means  (  7  vears  )  

3.64 

0.85 

1.35 

0.50 

0.41 

0.40 

0.04 

0.02 

0.55 

0.66 

0.95 

1  35 

10  94 

SANTA  ANA,  ORANGE  COUNTY. 
[Elevation,  137  feet.] 


1889.  ..                ...•   0.31 

2.07 

4.65 

0.66 

0.45 

0  00 

0  00 

0  66 

0  00 

1  88 

0  36 

12  09 

23  13 

1890                     '   4  75 

1  66 

3  22 

0  00 

0  35 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  25 

0  00 

0  30 

2  35 

12  88 

1891   0.20 

8.70 

0.69 

0.37 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1  66 

11  69 

1892                       1  23 

2  26 

0  86 

0  25 

1  92 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  16 

1  14 

1  46 

9  rS 

1893  '   2.50 

2  46 

5  93 

0  30 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

2  14 

0  41 

2  20 

15  94 

1894                       0  50 

0  50 

0  63 

0  10 

0  13 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  1>-> 

0  00 

0  00 

4  98 

7  C6 

1895  !   7.10 

0  90 

2  % 

0  60 

0  10 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  80 

0  70 

13  16 

1896                     1   3  43 

0  00 

2  90 

ro  951 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1  38 

1  45 

2  27 

1897  '   2.19 

4  71 

2  15 

0  00 

0  13 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1  30 

0  00 

0  00 

10  48 

1898                     •   0  91 

1  39 

0  90 

0  00 

0  37 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  50 

4  07 

1899  3  25 

0  20 

1  24 

0  25 

0  00 

0  55 

0  00 

0  00 

0  42 

1  90 

0  68 

1  20 

9  69 

1900   .                     1  67 

0  20 

0  77 

1  02 

1  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  15 

3  72 

0  00 

Means  (12  vears)      .    2  34 

2  09 

2  24 

0  32 

0  37 

0  05 

0  00 

0  06 

0  07 

0  74 

0  74 

2  45 

GENERAL    PRECIPITATION    TABLES. 


201 


PRECIPITATION-  OF  CALIFORNIA  (INCHES  AND  HCXDREDTHH) — Continued. 

SANTA  CLARA,  SAXTA  CLARA  COVXTY. 

[Elevation,  83  feet.] 


Year.          1  Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

Jane. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1881                       2  69 

2  33 

0  88 

1  08 

0  00 

0  30 

0  QO 

0  00 

0  00 

0  18 

1  12 

1  77 

1882  1.25 

1  50 

4.96 

1  15 

0  25 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  12 

1  18 

1  °9 

1  68 

1883                       0  55 

72 

"  74 

0  60 

2.37 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  05 

0  70 

0  48 

1~M     4.10 

i  99 

5  80 

•>  90 

0  00 

1  65 

0  00' 

0  05 

0  00 

1  88 

0  05 

4  32 

18S5                       '   1  45 

0  25 

0  65 

1  77 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  01 

0  06 

7  58 

3  03 

1886  

1887                       3.56 

6  94 

0  70 

1  '*° 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  41 

0  40 

0  69 

2.45 

16.67 

1S88                       3.08 

1  68 

3  10 

0  12 

1  28 

0  18 

0  00 

0  00 

0  58 

0  00 

4  37 

3  00 

1^39 

1889  0.58 

0.48 

5.82 

0  74 

0  91 

0  01 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

4  84 

o  01 

10  78 

26  21 

1890                       7.02 

3  35 

1  99 
j.sra 

0  47 

0  73 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  10 

0  00 

0  07 

°  07 

15  80 

1891  0.46 

6.55 

2  16 

2.43 

0  17 

0  05 

0  00 

0  00 

0  25 

0  00 

0  43 

5  39 

17  89 

0  94 

1  44 

3  4° 

0  54 

1  62 

0  06 

0  00 

0.00 

0  00 

1  19 

4  12 

7  75 

21  06 

1893        .    .    ..        3.07 

2.83 

4  79 

1  46 

0  38 

0  02 

0  00 

0  00 

T 

0  04 

0  83 

1  16 

15  03 

1894                         4  64 

">  16 

0  45 

0  49 

1  10 

0  38 

T 

T 

0  99 

2.07 

0  55 

7  58 

20  41 

1895                       5.93 

1.24 

2  03 

1  94 

0  98 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  15 

0  49 

1  17 
1 

14  70 

1896  6.02 

0.20 

2.08 

2.72 

0.32 

0.00 

0.00 

0  69 

0.19 

1  47 

3.13 

• 
2.69 

19  51 

1897                       1.20 

3  94 

3  51 

0  15 

0  05 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  08 

1  04 

0  56 

1  29 

11  82 

1898     1.28 

2.12 

0.60 

0.16 

0.65 

0.08 

0.00 

0  00 

1.34 

0  68 

0  36 

0  86 

8.13 

1899                       2.68 

0  27 

4.02 

0  51 

0  19 

0  38 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

3.69 

2.23 

1  59 

15  56 

1900              2.54 

0.49 

1.10 

1.09 

0.77 

0.05 

0.00 

0  00 

0.21 

1  02 

4.50 

1  38 

13  15 

Means  1  19  years  i  ..         '  79 

2.24 

2.67 

1.13 

0.62 

0.17 

T. 

0.04 

0.24 

1.10 

l.sT 

_ 

16.06 

SANTA  MARGARITA.  SAX  LUIS  OBISPO  COUNTY. 

[Elevation.  998  feet.] 


1 

1389.                                     [5.27]       0.11 

8.87 

0.03 

2.14        0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00       10.85 

3.20  '    15.68 

46.15 

tan                                                         8.53        7.72 

3.49 

0.00 

0.32        0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.85        0.00 

0.00        5.68 

26  59 

1891                                                  ..       0.97  '    10.% 

3.18 

1.80 

0.33        0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.71         0.00 

0.06        8.21 

26.22 

1892.                1.54         2.19 

4.49 

0.67 

2.65        0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00        0.30 

7.40        8.15 

27.39 

1893.                                                             4  50         9.05 

10.  CO 

1.68 

0.00         0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.  00        0.  70 

0.00        2.60 

29.13 

1894                                2.99  !      3.21 

0.50 

0.85 

2.10         0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

2.22        0.73 

0.33       10.82 

23.75 

1895                                                             13.57         2.16 

2.66 

1.52 

0.57         0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

T.         1.05 

2.25        0.77 

24.55 

1896                                                 ..     11.18  I      0.10 

5.07 

5.25 

0.20        0.00 

0.18 

0.19 

0.00        2.00 

2.85        4.08 

31.10 

1897                 3.07  |      8.08 

6.60 

0.20 

0.00        0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00        0.90 

0.05        0.78 

19.68 

1898.                                                         1-11  i      2-94 

1.13 

0.00 

1.53        0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.18        0.18 

0.05        0.55 

7.67 

1899                              5.62  j      0.26 

9.70 

1.79 

0.00        0.86 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00        4.19 

2.15  '      3.90 

28.47 

1900                                                 .         3.27        0.02 

4.00 

1.25 

0.84        0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.12         1.50 

13.54        0.68 

25.22 

Means  i!2  vears)  ..                     5.14        3.90 

5.02 

1.25 

0.  89         0.  07 

0.02 

0.02 

0.34         1.87 

2.  67         5.  16 

26.33 

SAXTA  MARIA,  SAXTA  BARBARA  roCXTY. 
[Elevation.  220  feet.] 


1886                                1.83 

0.97 

2.55 

3.37 

0.00 

0.00        0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.06 

0.59 

0.72           10.09 

1887                                                              0.  50 

5.96 

0.25 

1.07 

0.22 

T.         0.00 

0.00 

0.30 

0.40 

1.09 

2.69           11.47 

1888                                     4.62 

0.43 

1.98 

0.12 

0.14 

T.            T. 

0.00 

T. 

0.00 

2.59 

5.86.         l.i.74 

1889                                                          0.42 

1.35 

4.20 

0.97 

0.60 

0.05        0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

7.53 

1.80 

6.71           23.63 

1890                       •                7.i.r_> 

3.64 

0.88 

0.10 

0  13 

0.00        0.06 

0.00 

0.55 

0.70 

0.70 

3.40            17.18 

1^)1                                                           0.63 

3.57 

0.71 

1.58 

0.20 

0.00        0.00 

0.00 

0.03 

0.00 

0.33 

2.  77              9.  82 

189°                                              .  .         0.56 

2.18 

2.36 

0.  45 

1.15 

T.         0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.35 

1.95 

2.52            11.52 

1893           ..              2.08 

3.10 

6.84 

0.80 

0  05 

0.00        0.00 

0.00 

'    9.00 

0.65 

0.22 

2.95            16.69 

1891                                                          1.16 

1.78 

0.62 

0.25 

0.73 

0.16        0.06 

T. 

1.05 

0.68 

0.07 

3.  86            10.  42 

1895.                      4.43 

1.22 

1.2.1 

0.53 

0.51 

0.00  .         T. 

0.00 

0.01 

0.65 

1.26 

0.60            10.46 

4.60 

0.00 

2.59 

1.77 

0.03 

0.00        0.11 

0.03 

0.02 

0.60 

1.82 

2.31            13.91 

3.55 

4.00 

2.52 

0.14 

0.01 

0.00         0.03 

0.00 

0.10 

0.67 

0.03 

0.55            11.60 

1.44 

1.06 

0.65 

0.02 

1.14 

O.UO         0.00 

0.00 

0.96 

0.30 

0.05 

0.64             6.26 

1899                      3.49 

0.46 

4.88 

0.99 

0.75 

0.00        0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.86 

1.21 

0.89           14.53 

1900                                       0.  87 

0.05 

1.41 

0.97 

1.97 

T.            T. 

T. 

T. 

0.65 

5.40 

0.35           11.67 

Means  1  15  years)  2,  48 

1.98 

2.25 

0.88 

0.51 

0.01         0.02 

T. 

0.20 

1.01 

1.27 

2.46           13.07 

202 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 

PBECIPITATION  OP  CALIFORNIA  (INCHES  AND  HUNDRKDTHS) — Continued. 

SANTA  PA0LA,  MONTEREY  COUNTY. 

[Elevation,  286  feet.] 


Year.                           Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

' 
1889                     0.  65 

1.02 

9.00 

0.36 

0.30 

0.00 

0.00 

0.01 

0.00 

6.28 

1.81 

16.45 

35.88 

1890                                             6.40 

2.00 

0.47 

0.05 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.72 

0.00 

0.34 

2.53 

11.51 

1891                       •.                                  0.  48 

8.73 

2.40 

0.82 

0.13 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.19 

0.00 

0.00 

1.54 

14.29 

1892                  0.  70 

3.99 

3.24 

0.54 

1.80 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

[1.08] 

0.00 

6.58 

17.93 

1893                                             ...         4.  60 

2.81 

6.81 

0.40 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

o.oo 

0.00 

0.87 

0.00 

3.  64 

19.13 

1894                                                          1-04 

0.00 

0.00 

0.23 

0.46 

0.00 

0.10 

0.00 

0.98 

0.30 

0.00 

5.45 

8.56 

1895            6.  90 

0.60 

3.13 

0.30 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.14 

0.90 

0.85 

12.82 

1896                            5.66 

0.00 

3.18 

1.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.10 

0.00 

0.97 

1.43 

3.13 

15.47 

1897                                                          6.  31 

4.98 

3.24 

0.00 

0,00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.45 

1.07 

0.00 

0.00 

15.05 

1898               0.92 

0.70 

1.55 

0.00 

1.10 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.86 

0.08 

T. 

0.27 

5.48 

1899               3.  44 

0.00 

2.41 

0.35 

0.00 

0.59 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.84 

1.17 

1.66 

11.46 

1900                         1.  67 

0.00 

1.36 

0.38 

1.49 

0.00 

0.00 

T. 

0.00 

0.07 

4.71 

T. 

9.68 

Means  (12  years)  3.  06 

2.07 

3.07 

0.37 

0.44 

0.05 

0.01 

0.01 

0.27 

1.06 

0.86 

3.51 

14.77 

SANTA  ROSA,  SONOMA  COUNTY. 
[Elevation,  181  feet.] 


1889 

1.77 

0.35 

7.92 

1.09 

2.93 

0.25 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

8.78 

4.39 

15.94 

43.42 

1890 

12  84 

4.74 

6.15 

1.82 

1.40 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.20 

0.00 

0.00 

3.93 

31.08 

1891                            

1,25 

10.49 

1.22 

2.39 

1.23 

0.00 

0.75 

0.00 

0.20 

0.20 

1.50 

8.64 

27.87 

1892 

3.43 

5.07 

4.14 

2.65 

3.78 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.44 

3.37 

6.55 

30.43 

1893                           

4.13 

5.56 

6.59 

2.07 

0.80 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.25 

0.52 

4.82 

2.61 

27.35 

1894 

9.61 

3.78 

1.31 

1.08 

1.84 

1.30 

0.00 

0.00 

1.50 

2.55 

0.89 

13.41 

37.00 

1895                           

18.42 

3.35 

2.94 

1.35 

1.39 

0.00 

0.33 

0.00 

[0.  37] 

0.00 

1.83 

2.95 

32.93 

1896 

10.57 

0.69 

3.63 

4.70 

1.45 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.46 

1.50 

5.09 

6.42 

34.41 

1897  

2.27 

6.25 

5.50 

1.03 

0.57 

0.83 

0.00 

0.00 

0.10 

1.88 

2.18 

[6.82] 

27.43 

1898 

1.81 

5.32 

0.66 

0.38 

3.32 

0.17 

0.00 

0.00 

0.62 

1.07 

1.16 

1.20 

15.71 

1899 

8  77 

0.00 

8  57 

0  67 

2.09 

0.00 

0.00 

0.15 

0.00 

5.94 

5.44 

4.78 

36.41 

1SOO  

4.98 

0.77 

3.72 

2.83 

0.60 

0.16 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

4.41 

5.60 

3.35 

26.42 

Means  (12  years)  

6.65 

3.86 

4.35 

1.84 

1.78 

0.23 

0.09 

0.01 

0.31 

2.36 

3.02 

6.36 

30.87 

SELMA. 
[Elevation,  311  feet.] 


1886  

1.97 

0.36 

0.96 

1.98 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0  00 

0.00 

0.27 

0.59 

0.60 

6  73 

1887. 

0  31 

2  84 

0  00 

2  60 

0  58 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  20 

0  16 

0  97 

7  66 

1888  

2.40 

T. 

1.57 

0.10 

0.31 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.10 

0.00 

1.46 

1.88 

7.82 

1889  

0.36 

0  53 

1  85 

0  47 

0  70 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

3.60 

1  09 

3  98 

12  58 

1890 

2  19 

0  94 

1  19 

0  25 

1  19 

0  CO 

0  CO 

0  00 

0  95 

0  00 

0  50 

1  89 

9  10 

1891  

0.48 

2.20 

0.47 

0  47 

0  00 

0  00 

0  CO 

0  00 

0  07 

0.00 

0  45 

2.63 

6  77 

1892 

0  31 

1  27 

1  57 

0  80 

0  38 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  45 

0  80 

1  17 

6  75 

1893  

1.08 

1.60 

3  32 

0  23 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0.01 

1  58 

7  82 

1894  

1  51 

1  21 

0  40 

0  08 

0  22 

0  90 

0  00 

0  CO 

0  40 

0  35 

0  05 

3  35 

8  47 

1895 

3  53 

1  42 

1  15 

0  40 

0  30 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1  00 

0  55 

8  35 

1896  

2  52 

0  00 

1  15 

1  13 

0  32 

0  00 

0  00 

'  0  05 

0  00 

1  00 

2  35 

0  75 

9  27 

1897. 

1  49 

n  in 

1  56 

0  47 

0  oo 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1  15 

0  14 

0  47 

6  39 

1898  

0  27 

0  93 

0  30 

0  00 

0  70 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1  33 

T 

0  10 

0  28 

3  91 

1899.. 

1  75 

T 

3  27 

0  18 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  CO 

2  70 

0  92 

0  85 

9  67 

1900  

1.81 

*' 

0  00 

u.  uv 

0  90 

0  95 

1  21 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

T 

3  54 

0  39 

8  80 

Mean  (15  years)  

1.47 

0.% 

1  31 

0  67 

0  39 

0  06 

0  00 

T 

0  19 

0  65 

0  88 

1  42 

8  01 

SHASTA,  SHASTA  COUNTY. 
[Elevation,  1,148  feet.] 


1896 

27  67 

0  69 

6  93 

12  27 

9  17 

0  27 

0  00 

0  43 

1  06 

3  92 

10  17 

13  10 

85  68 

1897  

6  95 

9  39 

7  18 

0  78 

0  01 

2  23 

0  00 

0  00 

0  07 

2  66 

2  20 

4  81 

36  28 

1898... 

0  34 

8  39 

T 

0  56 

6  22 

0  12 

0  00 

T 

T 

0  67 

2  89 

2  15 

21  34 

1899  

12.42 

1  20 

10  15 

1  41 

2  34 

1  96 

0  00 

0  06 

0  00 

5  39 

11  29 

6  38 

59  go 

1900  

6  69 

3  99 

6  81 

7  47 

3  00 

1  85 

T 

0  21 

3  43 

8  91 

5  82 

7  45 

55  63 

1901  

13.65 

8.43 

1.46 

5.51 

0.39 

0.00 

Mean  (6  years)  

11.29 

5.35 

5.42 

4.67 

3.52 

1.07 

GENERAL    PRECIPITATION    TABLES. 


203 


PRECIPITATION-  OF  CALIFORNIA  (INCHES  AJTD  HCSDREDTHS) — Continued.- 

SIERRA  MADRE,  LOS  ANGELES  COUNTY. 
[Elevation.  1,400  feet.] 


Year.                      -i   Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nor. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1897                                                          4.48 

8.60 

4.08 

0.10 

0.45 

0.06 

0.06 

0.00 

0.42 

3.46 

0.32 

0.69 

22.72 

1896                            -                             1  63 

0  41 

1  23 

0  90 

2.42 

0  00 

0  00 

0.00 

T. 

T. 

T. 

1.63 

8.22 

1899                                                          3.21 

0.12 

2.77 

T. 

0.25 

1.56 

0.00 

0.10 

0.01 

2.  SO 

1.73^ 

1.01 

13.56 

1900  1.26 

0.02 

1.92 

1.09 

2.84 

0.10 

T. 

0.00 

0.06 

0.58 

10.96 

0.00 

18.83 

1901                                                          4.84 

8.63 

1  14 

1  50 

2.51 

0  43 

Mean  (5  years) 3.08 


3.56 


2.23        0.72 


0.43 


SISSON,  SISKIYOU  COUNTY. 
[Elevation,  3,555  feet.] 


1889  

0.60 

0.40 

16.27 

0.63 

2.40 

0.23 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

16.45 

5.80 

16.13 

58.91 

1890 

12.99 

9  33 

5.30 

2.98 

2.75 

1.74 

0.00 

0.00 

1.20 

0.13 

0.00 

3.18 

39.60 

1891..                .           

0.40 

7.17 

0.61 

3.64 

2.65 

[0.66] 

[0.06] 

0.00 

0.32 

0.30 

0.35 

11.20 

27.36 

1892 

2.34 

0.66 

4.19 

5.38 

3.74 

0.39 

0.00 

0.00 

1.71 

1.03 

8.75 

9.57 

37.76 

1893 

3.10 

2.80 

2.77 

10.60 

2.66 

0.03 

0.00 

0.00 

0.68 

0.61 

4.25 

2.87 

30.37 

1894 

10  72 

2.60 

3  45 

0.70 

2.85 

2.25 

0.00 

0.00 

[0.95] 

3.65 

1.70 

11.13 

40.00 

1895 

9.12 

1.22 

3.62 

1.27 

2.05 

0.00 

0.55 

0.00 

4.65 

0.00 

0.70 

4.31 

27.49 

1896  

19.19 

0.21 

2.26 

3.55 

3.02 

0.14 

0.00 

0.31 

0.00 

1.29 

6.68 

13.70 

50.35 

1897 

2.59 

4.86 

0.43 

0.53 

0.00 

0.15 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

2.31 

2.62 

3.72 

17.21 

1898  

1.00 

10.45 

0.00 

1.05 

6.13 

1.03 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.70 

2.10 

23.46 

1899 

5.55 

1.03 

2.98 

0.23 

1.49 

0.89 

0.00 

1.32 

0.00 

4.01 

10.83 

5.67 

34.00 

1900                           .. 

8.64 

1.04 

9.92 

3.49 

2.05 

1.24 

0.00 

0.16 

0.67 

10.76 

4.52 

3.80 

46.29 

Mean  (12  years) 

6.35 

3.48 

4.32 

2.84 

2.65 

0.73 

0.05 

0.15 

0.85 

3.38 

3.99 

17.28 

36.07 

SOLEDAD,  MONTEREY  COUNTY. 
[Elevation,  188  feet.] 


1874  

1.62 

0.32 

1.73 

0:40 

0.23 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.15 

0.13 

0.00 

4.58 

1875 

4.09 

0.20 

0.40 

0.04 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

2.80 

0.59 

8.12 

1876 

5.26 

3.45 

3.24 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.20 

12.15 

1877 

0.87 

0.25 

0.28 

1.05 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.95 

1.48 

4.88 

1878 

3.69 

4.63 

0.73 

0.74 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.06 

0.05 

1.44 

11.34 

1879  

0.63 

0.34 

1.04 

0.59 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.45 

0.47 

1.57 

5.09 

1880 

0.55 

1-05 

0.87 

2.19 

0.23 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.18 

3.14 

8.21 

1881 

1.52 

0.61 

1.14 

0.09 

0.00 

0.10 

0.00 

0.00 

0.04 

0.07 

0.56 

0.79 

4.92 

1882 

0.96 

1.92 

4.65 

0.26 

0.49 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.46 

1.0* 

0.25 

10.07 

1883 

2.68 

0.59 

1.72 

0.60 

1.26 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.08 

0.48 

0.17 

0.45 

8.03 

1884  

2.74 

4.24 

3.74 

1.67 

1.18 

1.56 

0.00 

0.10 

0.00 

1.78 

0.30 

1.74 

19.00 

1885 

0.92 

0.00 

0.47 

0.58 

0.00 

0.00 

0.03 

0.00 

0.00 

0.20 

6.22 

1.02 

9.41 

1886  .  .    .        .    .. 

2.44 

0.93 

1.69 

1.93 

0.00 

0.00 

0.02 

0.00 

0.00 

0.32 

1.04 

0.15 

8.52 

1887 

0.31 

3.94 

0.41 

0.54 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.16 

0.00 

0.51 

L47 

7.37 

1S88 

2.86 

0.55 

2.10 

0.15 

0.35 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.25 

0.00 

2.03 

1.73 

10.02 

1889 

0.69 

1.75 

3.35 

0.30 

0.58 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

3.00 

0.27 

8.94 

18.88 

1890 

3.79 

2.53 

0.37 

0.00 

0.04 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.65 

0.00 

0.27 

1.94 

9.59 

1891   

0.31 

2.43 

0.42 

1.40 

0.08 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.01 

0.20 

0.00 

3.10 

7.95 

189^ 

0.20 

1.47 

2.03 

0.29 

0.85 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.05 

0.75 

1.70 

2.97 

10.31 

1893            

0.89 

1.38 

3.08 

0.81 

0.39 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.17 

1.14 

7.86 

1894 

2.05 

0.60 

0.40 

0.22 

0.62 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.79 

0.71 

0.20 

2.73 

8.32 

1895                 

4.16 

0.72 

0.85 

0.50 

0.18 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.32 

0.96 

0.45 

9.14 

1896 

3.32 

0.00 

1.19 

1.66 

0.05 

0.00 

0.00 

0.03 

0.00 

0.59 

1.74 

1.16 

9.74 

1897                

0.39 

2.86 

2.29 

0.15 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.04 

0.65 

0.92 

0.40 

7.70 

1898 

0.52 

0.70 

0.52 

0.06 

0.42 

0.03 

0.00 

0.00 

0.03 

0.00 

0.27 

0.30 

2.85 

1899            

2.42 

0.39 

1.30 

0.68 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.64 

0.85 

1.11 

8.39 

1900  

1.37 

0.20 

0.37 

0.74 

0.40 

0.00 

T. 

0.00 

0.00 

0.64 

5.62 

0.35 

9.69 

1.90 

1.41 

1.50 

0.65 

O.C7 

0.06 

T. 

T. 

0.08 

0.50 

1.09 

1.50 

8.97 

204 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 


PRECIPITATION  or  CALIFORNIA  (INCHES  AND  HUNDREDTHS) — Continued. 

SONOMA,  SONOMA  COUNTY. 

[Elevation,  30  feet.] 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1886                                     

7.84 

0.28 

1.38 

7.09 

0.29 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

T. 

0.95 

0.27 

2.36 

20.  4(> 

1887            

1.94 

11.77 

0.93 

2.53 

T. 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.25 

0.00 

2.08 

4.97 

24.47 

1888                              

5.78 

0.70 

4.55 

0.19 

1.42 

0.73 

0.01 

0.00 

0.86 

'o.oo 

5.02 

8.30 

27.56 

1889 

0.90 

0.79 

3.02 

2.17 

1.16 

0.21 

0.03 

T 

0.33 

9.09 

4.36 

11.47 

33.53 

1890        

6.02 

12.86 

6.16 

1.80 

1.12 

T. 

0.00 

0.04 

0.23 

0.03 

0.00 

3.73 

31.99 

1891                             

1.40 

10.03 

2.43 

2.71 

1.42 

0.18 

0.26 

0.00 

0.45 

0.20 

0.90 

8.01 

27.99 

1892 

2.61 

3.57 

3.04 

2.01 

2.55 

0.00 

0.00 

T. 

T. 

1.37 

6.46 

7.97 

29.58 

1893                         

4.68 

3.53 

6.78 

1.89 

0.60 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.50 

0.27 

5.30 

2.93 

26.48 

1894                                     

10.39 

3.96 

1.47 

1.00 

1.40 

0.75 

0.00 

T. 

0.33 

1.42 

2.81 

5.64 

29.17 

1898           

4.62 

5.28 

0.47 

0.35 

1.68 

0.27 

0.00 

0.00 

0.36 

0.89 

0.91 

0.99 

15.82 

1899                         

7.76 

0.34 

6.85 

1.30 

1.32 

0.09 

0.00 

0.05 

0.00 

6.27 

4.75 

4.23 

32.96 

1900 

4.68 

1.21 

2.66 

1.59 

0.47 

0.18 

0.00 

0.00 

0.12 

2.54 

4.60 

2.52 

20.57 

4.88 

4.53 

3.31 

2.05 

1.12 

0.20 

0.02 

0.01 

0.29 

1.92 

3.12 

5.26 

26.  72 

SUISUN,  SOLANO  COUNTY. 
[Elevation,  20  feet.] 


1881      

7.17 

3.46 

1.06 

1.41 

0.10 

0.50 

0.79 

0.00 

0.31 

0.73 

1.27 

4.28 

21.08 

1889              t 

1  78 

2  53 

2  57 

1  53 

0  14 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

2  43 

2  82 

0  57 

14  37 

1883 

1.35 

0.85 

4.35 

0.88 

3.82 

0.20 

0.00 

0.00 

0.68 

0  15 

0  52 

0  70 

13  40 

1884           

2.64 

4.48 

6.33 

3.78 

0.30 

1.69 

0.00 

0.00 

T. 

0.70 

0.00 

7  46 

27  38 

1885 

1.06 

1.25 

0.64 

1.52 

0.02 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0  05 

0  22 

10  38 

4  43 

19  57 

1886  

8.18 

T. 

1.87 

4.02 

0.15 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.49 

0.22 

1  80 

16  73 

1887 

0.82 

6.07 

0.85 

1.74 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  96 

2  79 

13  n3 

1888 

4  28 

1  58 

3  97 

0  00 

0  65 

0  30 

0  00 

0  00 

0  70 

0  00 

3  88 

4  48 

1889         

0.50 

0.85 

5.65 

0.43 

1.47 

0  00 

0.00 

0  00 

0  00 

6  47 

3  27 

10  18 

28  82 

1890 

7  38 

4  50 

5  46 

1  10 

1  02 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  33 

0  00 

0  00 

2  81 

1891.       

0.76 

8.99 

1  00 

2  85 

0  94 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1  06 

0  00 

0  27 

6  69 

92  56 

1892 

1  73 

2  98 

2  05 

2  09 

2  52 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1  18 

3  53 

7  06 

1893  

4.19 

2.  27 

3.51 

0.72 

0  16 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1  11 

0  74 

2  76 

2  06 

17  52 

1894 

6.33 

2  29 

0  88 

0  41 

1  85 

0  77 

0  00 

0  00 

0  95 

1  28 

0  53 

1895  

8.14 

2.69 

1.50 

1  07 

0  66 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  64 

T 

1  73 

1  26 

1896 

9  57 

0  11 

3  04 

5  53 

0  15 

0  00 

0  00 

0  56 

0  34 

1  44 

5  29 

1897  

2.47 

5.16 

4  21 

0  43 

0  03 

0  08 

0  00 

0  00 

0  03 

2  86 

0  69 

2  09 

1898 

1.42 

2  18 

0  14 

0  32 

1  38 

0  27 

0  00 

0  00 

0  46 

0  88 

0  30 

1899 

5  34 

0  00 

7  70 

0  47 

0  07 

0  71 

0  00 

0  °0 

1900  

4  00 

0  53 

1  65 

1  48 

0  35 

0  02 

0  00 

0  00 

0  02 

0  65 

Mean  (20  years) 

3.96 

2  64 

2  92 

1  59 

0  83 

0  23 

0  04 

0  04 

0  33 

SUMMERDALE,  MARIPOSA  COUNTY. 
[Elevation,  5,270  feet.] 


1896  

21.56 

0  40 

6  39 

9  21 

1  45 

0  00 

0  38 

1  38 

1897 

4  42 

17  66 

11  35 

1  13 

0  28 

0  63 

1898 

2  60 

7  25 

3  36 

0  53 

3  18 

1899  

7  96 

1  24 

18  66 

1  70 

0  99 

1  79 

1900 

7  05 

0  72 

6  36 

5  50 

1  87 

8  72 

5  45 

9  22 

3  61 

1  55 

GENEBAL   PRECIPITATION   TABLES. 


PRECIPITATION  OF  CALIFORNIA  (INCHES  AND  HUNDRKDTHS) — Continued. 

SUMMIT.  PLACER  COUNTY. 
[Elevation,  1,770  feet] 


Year.                     ., 

- 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Xov. 

Dec. 

Annual, 

1871  

7.60 

7.55 

4.05 

4.00 

0  31 

0  89 

0  00 

0  00 

0  30 

0  40 

8  50 

27  00 

60  60 

um 

4.00 

16  10 

5  90 

5  60 

0  30 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0.00 

0  00 

0  00 

6  00 

37  C0 

1873  

2.31 

16.20 

6  05 

2.55 

2.11 

0  00 

0  03 

T 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

11  70 

40  95 

1874 

5  00 

0  00 

0  00 

2.00 

3  60 

T 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

3  80 

3  60 

0  85 

18  85 

1875  

8.15 

0.12 

4  80 

0.80 

1  46 

•>  55 

T 

0  00 

0  03 

r°  231 

6.50 

7  25 

[33  861 

1876 

14.65 

8.70 

13  80 

"  60 

1  60 

T 

1  21 

0  10 

0  56 

2  98 

0  50 

0  20 

46  90 

1877  

8.90 

0.69 

3  44 

4.84 

3  75 

0  12 

0  00 

0  00 

0  30 

0  55 

3  34 

0  80 

26  73 

1878 

10  00 

11  50 

3  05 

2  40 

1  60 

0  00 

0  00 

0  09 

0  44 

1  21 

0  80 

1  60 

32.69 

1879  .  .. 

13.65 

8.70 

21  05 

4  52 

2  55 

0  10 

0  00 

T 

0  CO 

4  20 

5  60 

13  30 

73  67 

1880 

6  60 

7  50 

8  90 

30  40 

3  60 

0  00 

0  80 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  50 

6  20 

64  50 

1881 

7  50 

4  60 

1  50 

1  00 

0  05 

0  50 

C  00 

0  00 

0  60 

3  10 

3  05 

9  05 

30  95 

1882  

7.40 

9.00 

19  30 

3.25 

0  60 

0  00 

C  00 

0  00 

0  75 

1°  95 

3  95 

4  91* 

62  12 

18S3 

1  00 

2.60 

7  70 

3  43 

3  42 

0  00 

0  00 

0  oo 

0  10 

0  95 

1  20 

3  20 

23  57 

1884  

7.60 

12.70 

9  10 

12  60 

0  80 

4  04 

0  00 

0  00 

1  10 

3.13 

0  00 

9  40 

60  47 

1885 

1  40 

0  58 

0  10 

4  88 

1  00 

- 

0  00 

T 

0  05 

0  00 

13.60 

3  00 

25  41 

1886                       .     . 

13  90 

1  40 

7  80 

6  40 

0  £5 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

3  10 

1.70 

5.75 

41  00 

1887  

6.25 

20.70 

1.40 

5.80 

0  95 

1.60 

0  10 

T 

T 

0  07 

1.50 

11.60 

.  .     - 

1888 

9  20 

1  29 

8  05 

0  30 

104 

3  72 

3  51 

0  28 

0  00 

0  00 

1  90 

5.26 

36  J5 

1889  

1.00 

1  50 

9  55 

1  GO 

6  30 

0  22 

0  00 

0  CO 

0  00 

5  65 

6.80 

18.50 

51  42 

1890 

19  20 

11  60 

14.00 

2.60 

0  25 

0  CO 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

7  40 

55  05 

1891 

1.50 

1  38 

5  10 

4  60 

1  10 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

[0  201 

0  05 

0  30 

11  90 

26  13 

1892  

4.00 

3  40 

7.40 

4.50 

6.30 

0.20 

0.00 

0  00 

0.00 

0  60 

-  - 

9.50 

44  70 

1893 

7  90 

10  (0 

14  50 

9  20 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  30 

3  60 

6.00 

52  30 

1'94             

15.50 

15  25 

3  40 

4.30 

2.40 

0  00 

0  00 

0.00 

0  50 

2  rO 

1.00 

24.50 

69  75 

1S95 

25  80 

4  20 

4  70 

2.50 

0  40 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  20 

0  00 

1  40 

8.30 

49  5C 

1896 

10  50 

0  70 

9  70 

18.20 

5  40 

0  00 

ro  <ri\ 

ro  021 

0  40 

0  90 

12.30 

4.10 

62  43 

1897  

4.05 

14.35 

18.00 

1.25 

0.00 

0.70 

0.00 

0.00 

0.03 

2.50 

26.50 

4.20 

71.58 

1898 

4.00 

7  10 

5  20 

0  80 

2.90 

0  90 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

4  40 

2.50 

3.60 

31  40 

1899 

12.70 

5  20 

15  75 

1.75 

3.60 

0.70 

0.00 

1.00 

0.00 

16.05 

9.15 

7.90 

73.80 

1900 

5  25 

4  75 

8.15 

4  80 

3  97 

0  50 

0  25 

T 

0  95 

3  50 

6  90 

3.50 

42.52 

Mean  (30  vears)  

-    • 

7.01 

8.05 

5.19 

2.14 

0.58 

0.20 

0.50 

0.*' 

2.52 

4.52 

7.88 

46.58 

SCSANVILLE,  LASSEX  COUNTY. 
[Elevation,  4,195  feet.] 


1 

1889                                                          0.03 

0.60  '      4.81 

1.07 

6.26 

1.55  |      0.06 

0.00        0.00 

4.18        2.74        8.55 

29.84 

1890.             8.72 

4.71  '      4.60 

1.06 

1.51 

0.14        0.00 

0.15        0.15 

T.         0.35        3.47 

24.86 

1891                                         -                  1.  00 

7.84        2.49 

0.80 

2.41 

1.65        0.55 

T.         0.65 

0.45        1.10        4.91 

23.85 

1MB.                                                         1  77 

2.96        2.80 

2.80 

1.35 

0.98        0.00 

0.00       [0.86] 

0.83       10.66        6.80 

31.81 

1893                                                          4.82 

3.53        1.55 

1.83 

0.67 

0.00           T. 

T.         1.65 

0.60        1.80        0.95 

17.40 

1894                                                ...       6.10 

3.53        2.35 

0.95 

1.55 

0.75        0.00 

0.20        0.30 

1.96        0.40        8.66 

26.75 

1895.        .                 10.29 

3.00        1.26 

0.50 

1.50 

T.            T. 

0.20        3.00 

0.10        1.95        2.91 

24.71 

1896                                                          6.94 

0.05        3.23 

5.10 

2.  "" 

T.         0.20 

0.20        1.33 

0.50        3.88        2.96 

26.61 

1897                                            5.  99 

4.25        2.66 

0.30 

0.90 

0.42        0.00 

0.08  >      0.55 

2.45        3.13        2.22 

22.95 

1898                                                          0  45 

2.38        0.35 

0.24 

0.54 

1.02        0.00 

0.08        0.10 

0.80        1.74        0.65 

8.35 

1899                                                          2.90 

0.31        3.32 

0.92 

1.42 

0.00        0.00 

0.46        0.00 

5.21        2.70  !      3.59 

20.83 

1900.                        1.50 

1.22        2.97 

0.90 

0.64 

0.40        0.63 

0.  02        0.  25 

2.67  j      3.29  1      2.00 

16.49 

Mean  (12  vears)  4.21 

2.86  :      2.70 

1.37 

1.75 

0.58        0.12 

0.12  1      0.74 

1.65         2.81  i      3.97 

22.87 

206 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 

PRECIPITATION  OF  CALIFORNIA  (INCHES  AND  HUNDREDTHS) — Continued. 

TEHACHAPI,  KERN  COUNTY. 

[Elevation,  3,964  feet.] 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1877                    

0.56 

0.14 

0.89 

0.60 

0.12 

0.00 

0.02 

0.00 

0.00 

T. 

0.50 

2.91 

5.74 

1&78                                

2.59 

6.32 

1.76 

1.93 

0.28 

0.09 

0.00 

T. 

0.00 

0.30 

0.04 

0.64 

13.95 

1879             

2.62 

0.45 

0.19 

1.39 

0.09 

0.12 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.52 

1.03 

5.52 

11.93 

1880                         

2.81 

1.94 

1.47 

2.24 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.75 

0.10 

2.01 

11.32 

1881                                  

1.79 

2.05 

2.94 

0.50 

0.06 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.32 

0.10 

0.60 

1.12 

8.48 

1882               

0.65 

2.91 

1.40 

0.63 

0.20 

0.15 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.74 

0.18 

0.50 

7.36 

1883                            

0.15 

4.47 

1.51 

2.72 

1.73 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.81 

0.14 

0.72 

12.25 

1884                                           

1.54 

7.26 

3.46 

1.85 

1.26 

1.05 

0.00 

0.64 

0,00 

0.13 

0.29 

3.96 

21.44 

1885                

0.10 

0.00 

0.26 

1.48 

0.30 

0.00 

0.05 

0.31 

0.00 

0.00 

3.70 

0.52 

6.72 

1886                              

1.58 

6.06 

4.10 

4.57 

0.00 

0.00 

0.10 

0.00 

0.00 

T. 

1.15 

0.60 

18.16 

1887           

0.50 

8.88 

0.24 

1.95 

0.26 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.86 

0.26 

1.44 

14.39 

1888                     

2.67 

2.60 

1.20 

1.25 

0.25 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

3.65 

11.52 

1889                            

0.40 

0.60 

3.66 

3.96 

1.07 

0.00 

0.00 

0.80 

0.00 

2.70 

0.70 

5.30 

19.05 

1890        

1.75 

0.70 

0.30 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

o.oo 

0.50 

0.00 

0.00 

3.48 

6.73 

1891                      

0.03 

3.45 

0.80 

0.90 

0.70 

0.00 

0.00 

o.oo 

1.17 

0.00 

0.00 

3.10 

10.15 

1892                                       

0.92 

[2.68] 

2.72 

0.61 

0.55 

•  o.oo 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.40 

7.88 

1893           

0.85 

3.61 

5.00 

0.65 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.50 

0.50 

5.25 

16.36 

1894                         

2.80 

1.68 

0.00 

[1.24] 

0.32 

0.27 

0.00 

0.00 

[0.10] 

0.00 

0.00 

3.75 

10.16 

1895 

3.21 

0.69 

1.08 

0.50 

0.75 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.44 

0.60 

0.26 

7.53 

18%                    

1.57 

0.00 

2.80 

0.63 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.85 

0.00 

1.45 

0.53 

1.13 

8.% 

1897                                   

1.78 

2.03 

0.18 

0.25 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.02 

0.38 

0.00 

1.00 

5.64 

1898        

1.20 

0.34 

1.35 

0.10 

0.82 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

T. 

0.20 

4.01 

1899                                            

0.68 

0.60 

1.62 

0.00 

0.22 

0.38 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.57 

1.53 

0.61 

6.  21 

1900  

0.64 

0.39 

0.29 

1.29 

0.50 

0.23 

T. 

0.00 

0.00 

0.46 

1.53 

0.00 

5.33 

1.39 

2.49 

1.63 

1.30 

0.40 

0.10 

0.01 

0.11 

0.09 

0.45 

0.56 

1.96 

10.47 

TEH  AM  A,  TEHAMA  COUNTY. 
[Elevation,  220  feet.] 


1871 

3.00 

1.60 

0.81 

1.83 

0.80 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

T. 

0.00 

0.00 

8.04 

1872  

0.00 

3.63 

1.38 

0.99 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.10 

1.10 

0.07 

0.00 

2.83 

10.10 

1873                  

1.46 

4.64 

0.77 

0.08 

T. 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

6.63 

13.58 

1874 

3.64 

2.16 

1.84 

0.33 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.61 

0.00 

9.58 

1875  

3.87 

0.00 

0.47 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

T. 

0.00 

0.95 

5.15 

2.00 

12.44 

1876.. 

4.80 

4.44 

2.87 

0.98 

T. 

T. 

0.75 

T. 

0.01 

1.59 

0.71 

0.00 

16.15 

1877 

1  87 

1  45 

1  89 

0  04 

1.84 

0.42 

0  10 

0  02 

0  00 

2  05 

1  59 

1  64 

12  91 

1878  

11.35 

7.00 

4.31 

1.34 

0.44 

0.10 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.65 

1.30 

0.39 

26.78 

1879 

2.07 

0.94 

1.25 

1.55 

1.20 

0.10 

0  01 

0  70 

0  00 

0  92 

3.00 

4  58 

16  32 

1880 

0  78 

1  35 

0  50 

3  62 

0  19 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  05 

0  10 

5  42 

12  01 

1881...          

1.65 

0.75 

0.36 

0.82 

0.40 

0.86 

T 

0  00 

0  35 

1  25 

0  35 

3  09 

9  87 

1882 

1.03 

2  93 

2  17 

1  32 

0  05 

0  28 

0  00 

0  00 

0  08 

2  72 

3  77 

0  62 

14  97 

1883  

0.73 

0.39 

2.14 

1.33 

2  75 

0.00 

0  00 

0  00 

1  03 

1  70 

0  50 

0  44 

11  01 

1884  

3.15 

2.08 

4.94 

2  61 

0  20 

1  55 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  69 

0  00 

6  16 

21  38 

1885 

1  67 

0  60 

0  05 

0  70 

0  73 

0  72 

0  00 

0  00 

0  48 

T 

10  4° 

3  00 

18  37 

1886 

4  08 

T 

0  98 

4  00 

0  18 

0  00 

0  00 

T 

0  00 

T 

o  00 

1887.. 

0  33 

4  29 

1  10 

1  56 

0  45 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1  56 

2  69 

11  91 

1888 

4  70 

2  40 

4  10 

0  25 

0  25 

0  30 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

3  61 

8  33 

1889  

0.20 

0.30 

10  41 

0  62 

0  34 

0  95 

0  00 

n  on 

0  00 

11  58 

3  41 

11  45 

39  26 

1890  

4  68 

1  05 

3  79 

0  75 

1  45 

0  oo 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

2  88 

1891  

1.08 

9  00 

1.50 

2  26 

1  96 

0  39 

1  00 

0  00 

0  06 

0  50 

0  50 

4  79 

03  Q4 

1892  

5  35 

1  59 

1  41 

3  00 

4  47 

0  67 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  23 

16  58 

1893  

4  68 

4  99 

8  03 

3  76 

0  75 

0  00 

1894  

5.92 

1  82 

1  00 

0  60 

1  01 

0  52 

0  00 

0  25 

0  28 

0  00 

7  25 

1895  

11  23 

2  85 

0  32 

0  48 

0  80 

0  00 

1896 

11  15 

0  10 

2  35 

3  90 

1  23 

1897  

2  53 

5  97 

1  91 

1  11 

0  08 

0  86 

0  00 

1898..  . 

0  55 

3  20 

0  00 

0  25 

0  98 

1899 

6  11 

0  00 

4  54 

0  37 

1900  

3  59 

1  35 

1  42 

2  85 

1  19 

0  53 

3  68 

2  43 

2  35 

GENERAL    PRECIPITATION   TABLES. 


207 


PRECIPITATION  OK  CALIFORNIA  (INCHES  AND  HUNDREDTHS) — Continued. 

TRACY,  SAX  JOAQUIN  COUNTY. 

[Elevation,  64  feet.] 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

2.32 

2.07 

2.15 

0  96 

0.66 

0.27 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.32 

1.55 

1.97 

12.27 

1880 

0.69 

1  03 

0  62 

2.77 

0  25 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0.00 

0.43 

5  08 

10  87 

1881     

1.85 

1.61 

0.95 

0  76 

0  00 

0  00 

0.00 

0  00 

T. 

0.15 

0.70 

0.85 

6.87 

1882 

0  70 

0  50 

2.43 

1  48 

0  46 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  20 

0  75 

0.70 

0  20 

7.42 

1883                         .  . 

1.90 

0.40 

1.83 

0  30 

1  82 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.20 

0.40 

0.30 

0.55 

7.70 

1884 

0.90 

3  43 

3.27 

1  65 

0  10 

2  05 

0  00 

0  10 

0  00 

0  82 

0.00 

2  49 

14.81 

1885 

0.93 

0.10 

0.10 

0  37 

0  00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

5.60 

0.85 

7.95 

1886 

2.55 

0  35 

1  40 

1  55 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  40 

0  10 

0.50 

6.85 

1887 

0.03 

2  93 

0  29 

3  02 

0  00 

0  00 

0.00 

0  00 

T. 

0.00 

0.05 

2.43 

8.75 

1888  

1.99 

0.84 

0.61 

0.00 

0.54 

0.19 

0.00 

0.00 

0.35 

0.00 

2.85 

1.71 

9.08 

1889 

0  60 

0  55 

3  20 

0  30 

0  75 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0.00 

3.02 

2.59 

6.85 

17.86 

1890             

4.76 

1.98 

1.58 

0.97 

0.19 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.45 

0.00 

0.00 

1.83 

12.74 

1891 

0  35 

1.75 

1  70 

1  54 

0  57 

0  15 

0  00 

0  00 

0  27 

0.00 

0.10 

3.57 

10.00 

1892                       .  .     .         

0.43 

0.95 

1.90 

0.71 

1  00 

0.05 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

7.21 

12.25 

1893 

1  22 

1  14 

1  51 

0  55 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  04 

0  00 

0.87 

0.87 

6.20 

1894 

2.13 

2.09 

0.00 

0  03 

2.00 

1.14 

0.00 

0.00 

1.28 

0.43 

0.36 

4.46 

13.92 

1895  

2.82 

1.22 

0.48 

0.50 

0.56 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.10 

0.40 

0.77 

0.76 

7.61 

1896 

3.89 

0.00 

0  61 

1  98 

0  35 

0.00 

0  12 

0.17 

F0.201 

0.80 

1.45 

1.13 

10.70 

1897  

L38 

1.77 

2.37 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.24 

[2.98] 

0.72 

8.46 

1898 

0  70 

0  35 

0  00 

0  60 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0.15 

0.20 

1.26 

3.87 

1899        

2.16 

0.02 

4.89 

0.14 

0.29 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

3.78 

2.24 

1.47 

14.97 

1900 

1  88 

0  18 

1  45 

1  42 

2  00 

T 

0  00 

0  00 

0  03 

0.52 

.  3.45 

0.65 

11.58 

1  64 

1  16 

1  53 

0  95 

0  55 

0  18 

0  01 

0  01 

0  19 

0  60 

1  15 

2.16 

10.12 

TCLARE  (NEAR),  TULARE  COUNTY. 
[Elevation.  274  feet.] 


1893                                                               0  64 

1.20 

3.02 

0.33 

0  00 

0.00        0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.50 

1.07 

6.76 

1894                                                .   ...        1.28 

0.34 

1.16 

0.13 

0.36 

1.15        0.00 

0.00 

0.50 

0.11 

0.06 

2.99 

8.08 

1895                                                          3.52 

1  23 

0.86 

0  60 

0.60 

0.00        0.00 

0.00 

0.20 

0.43 

0.98 

0.36 

8.78 

1896                                                 ..]      L78 

0.01 

0.72 

1.03 

0.14 

0.  00        0.  14 

0.06 

0.03 

0.74 

1.11 

0.46 

6.22 

1897           2.40 

1.61 

L29j 

0.35 

0.00 

O.OC  J      0.00 

0.00 

0.58 

0.59 

0.26 

0.79 

7.87 

1898                                                          0.63 

0.97 

0.72 

T. 

0.59 

0.00        0.00 

0.00 

3.75 

0.01 

0.16 

0.19 

7.02 

1899                                                               0  92 

0  14 

2.28 

0  17 

0  02 

0  45        0  00 

0.00 

T. 

1.35 

1.32 

1.28 

7.93 

1900                                                               1.02 

0.10 

0.77 

1.78 

2.03 

0.00           T. 

T. 

0.18 

0.04 

2.41 

0.19 

8.62 

Mean  (8  years)                           1.  52 

0.70 

1.35 

0.55 

0.47 

0.20         0.02 

0.01 

0.66 

0.41 

0.85 

0.92 

7.6S 

UKIAH,  MENDOCINO  COUNTY. 
[Elevation,  620  feet.] 

1877                                                          7.38 

4.70 
17.24 
6.17 
2.17 
4.96 
7.87 
1.25 
3.32 
1.91 
0.23 
7.85 
2.07 
0.84 
5.00 
10.38 
3.70 
6.75 
9.41 
5.17 
1.50 
10.35 
7.08 
0.43 
2.49 

2.14 
7.60 
14.47 
4.45 
0.70 
4.06 
3.62 
5.42 
0.25 
2.96 
1.74 
3.84 
9.94 
9.47 
2.44 
3.56 
8.36 
3.03 
4.80 
3.95 
6.87 
0.68 
7.53 
3.99 

0.59 
1.27 
3.36 
11.78 
1.08 
1.92 
3.21 
5.16 
0.43 
6.43 
3.21 
0.10 
1.36 
2.56 
2.59 
3.83 
4.12 
2.36 
1.36 
5.97 
0.91 
0.80 
0.56 
1.91 

0.35 
0.27 
2.36 
1.84 
0.08 
0.50 
2.71 
0.43 
0.36 
0.98 
0.41 
0.23 
4.25 
0.86 
1.10 
2.61 
1.63 
1.21 
1.96 
2.94 
0.09 
1.03 
2.05 
0.51 

0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
1.01 
0.14 
0.00 
0.00 
2.18 
0.15 
0.00 
0.32 
0.00 
0.00 
1.27 
0.00 
T. 
1.70 
0.65 
0.00 
0.36 

0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.18 
0.00 
0.00 
0.28 
0.00 
0.02 
T. 
0.11 
0.02 
T. 
0.00 
0.00 
T. 

0.00 
0.00 
0.12 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.01 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.00 
0.04 
0.00 
T. 
0.02 
0.00 

0.00 
1.05 
0.60 
0.00 
0.22 
0.73 
1.15 
0.40 
0.15 
0.00 
0.30 
1.51 
0.00 
0.49 
1.00 
0.00 
1.85 
0.77 
1.70 
0.37 
0.10 
0.82 
0.00 
0.35 

1.50 
3.70 
0.87 
0.00 
1.00 
2.70 
1.85 
0.76 
0.53 
1.27 
0.00 
0.00 
8.05 
0.05 
1.00 
1.80 
0.64 
2.45 
0.21 
1.14 
1.87 
1.24 
4.06 
5.00 

4.38 
0.00 
5.92 
0.15 
1.00 
3.95 
0.64 
0.17 
19.24 
0.86 
1.52 
4.07 
4.17 
0.20 
0.86 
7.19 
8.81 
1.37 
2.81 
7.00 
3.02 
2.02 
i.« 
5.42 

3.59 
0.68 
10.08 
12.27 
6.72 
2.88 
1.31 
12.94 
5.43 
4.43 
4.89 
7.48 
15.63 
4.80 
8.60 
8.93 
3.65 
15.47 
4.98 
10.60 
2.77 
2.41 
6.94 
4.98 

24.63 
50.84 
48.39 
37.69 
26.01 
28.02 
18.62 
33.74 
30.95 
26.90 
22.48 
31.95 
45.43 
38.17 
30.70 
35.67 
40.58 
53.02 
42.30 
50.21 
31.93 
17.96 
40.99 
29.56 

1878  19.03 

1879                                                          4.44 

1889                                                          5  03 

1881                                                         10.25 

1882  3.41 

1883                                                          2.88 

1884  4.12 

1885                                                          2.51 

1886  .  ..             9.74 

1887                                                          2  56 

1888...                                                    10  <*> 

1889..                                                            1.04 

1890                                  .             .             14.74 

1891                                                               2.13 

1892                                               .       .       4.05 

1893                                                               4  75 

1894                                                       .      15.68 

1895                                                             19  20 

1896  .                .                                         16.68 

1897                                                               4.25 

1898.   .                      1.23 

1899                                                             10:54 

1900  4.55 

Mean  (24  vears1.  ..                       7.52 

5.12         4.  S3         2.79         1.28 

0.33 

O.C3         0.01         0.57 

1.74 

3.90        6.77           34.86 

208 


CLIMATOLOGY  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

PRECIPITATION  OP  CALIFORNIA  (INCHES  AND  HUNDHEDTHS) — Continued. 
UPPER  LAKE,  LAKE  COUNTY. 

[Elevation,  1,360  feet.] 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Deo. 

Annual. 

1886                       

6.20 

0.00 

1.05 

4.20 

1.30 

0.00 

0.00 

O.CO 

0.00 

0.55 

0.25 

2.85 

16.40 

1887  

1.20 

7.10 

1.00 

1.85 

0.00 

,0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

3.85 

15.00 

1888          

7.30 

1.40 

1.75 

0.00 

0.80 

0.35 

T. 

O.CO 

0.85 

0.00 

3.20 

3.95 

19.00 

1889                    

0.05 

0.25 

6.  75 

0.55 

2.20 

0.00 

0.  25 

0.00 

0.00 

6.35 

3.40 

10.65 

30.  45 

1890                              

10.60 

3.00 

6.25 

1.40 

0.80 

0.00 

0.00 

C.OO 

0.60 

0.00 

0.00 

6.00 

28.65 

1891  

1.50 

8.70 

1.08 

2.93 

0.43 

0.15 

0.13 

0.00 

0.95 

0.62 

0.71 

7.35 

24.  55 

1892                      

3.93 

2.50 

2.32 

2.81 

3.71 

0.49 

O.CO 

0.00 

T. 

1.17 

5.53 

6.93 

29.  42 

1893                              

4.08 

3.19 

5.47 

2.37 

1.04 

0.00 

T. 

0.00 

0.85 

0.47 

4.83 

2.82 

25.12 

1894.            

10.43 

6.21 

1.80 

1.46 

1.02 

1.12 

0.00 

T. 

0.53 

2.05 

1.13 

11.62 

37.37 

1895                    

14.89 

4.15 

3.20 

1.41 

1.39 

0.00 

0.05 

T. 

1.23 

T. 

2.09 

3.83 

32.24 

1896                                

11.18 

0.80 

2.39 

6.01 

2.07 

0.00 

T. 

0.87 

0.42 

1.04 

5.07 

6.47 

36.32 

1897                                      

3.45 

6.35 

4.5» 

0.42 

0.22 

0.97 

0.05 

0.00 

0.08 

1.67 

2.38 

2.61 

22.  7X 

1898      .               

0.93 

4.57 

0.36 

0.43 

1.90 

0.58 

0.00 

T. 

0.60 

1.01 

1.66 

1.34 

13.38 

1899                                

8.16 

0.25 

5.59 

0.90 

1.00 

0.05 

0.00 

0.03 

0.00 

3.49 

6.33 

9.79 

35.59 

1900  

3.98 

1.31 

3.53 

2.13 

0.81 

0.35 

T. 

0.00 

0.03 

3.96 

5.08 

3.63 

24.  81 

5  86 

3.32 

3.14 

1.93 

1.25 

0.27 

0.03 

0.06 

0.41 

1.49 

2.78 

6.58 

26.11 

UPPER  MATTOLE,  HUMBOLDT  COUNTY. 
[Elevation,  244  feet.] 


1887               9.61 

11.  HI 

3.34 

9.80 

[4.90] 

0.59 

[0.12] 

[0.06] 

0.09 

0.18 

6.44 

11.24 

58.28 

1888                  41.63 

4.13 

8.96 

1.51 

0.48 

4.19 

0.11 

T. 

0.00 

1.06 

4.86 

13.62 

80.55 

1889                                                 ...        4.99 

2.57 

20.73 

5.25 

9.45 

0.45 

0.00 

0.00 

0.39 

18.92 

9.14 

29.36 

101.25 

1890                     33.40 

20.36 

17.83 

4.38 

0.40 

0.74 

0.07 

T. 

1.52 

0.81 

0.67 

9.88 

90.06 

1891                                            .       .       5.66 

17.18 

7.85 

11.22 

6.95 

2.00 

0.29 

T. 

2.30 

4.94 

4.55 

17.31 

80.25 

1892                       10.  37 

5.58 

8.08 

9.52 

5.80 

0.39 

0.00 

0.00 

1.61 

4.75 

13.69 

24.48 

84.27 

1893                                            6.  01 

8.25 

18.05 

10.96 

4.18 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

3.09 

3.65 

14.93 

9.50 

78.  62 

1894  27.56 

11.97 

8.45 

3.80 

2.05 

3.09 

0.00 

0.00 

2.75 

6.12 

5.52 

27.77 

99.08 

1895                     23.37 

8.88 

10.20 

6.81 

7.20 

0.00 

0.86 

0.00 

9.57 

0.00 

4.73 

9.58 

81.20 

1896                                                            26.22 

3.59 

8.03 

17.02 

9.91 

0.50 

0.00 

0.65 

0.74 

3.93 

13.44 

18.49 

102.52 

1897                       6.88 

17.86 

13.29 

1.83 

0.53 

1.48 

0.00 

0.00 

0.93 

4.75 

5.93 

7.58 

61.06 

1898                                                              3.  34 

22.25 

1.55 

2.88 

6.93 

3.32 

0.00 

0.00 

2.66 

1.56 

4.86 

5.08 

54.43 

1899  14.30 

4.24 

11.25 

1.47 

2.84 

0.12 

0.00 

0.22 

1.00 

9.54 

32.85 

17.84 

95.67 

1900                       .                             .       12.27 

8.20 

9.37 

6.51 

3.61 

1.84 

0.00 

0.00 

0.32 

15.02 

6.56 

12.31 

76.01 

Mean  (14  years)    16.12 

10.50 

10.50 

fi.iil 

4.  IX 

1.34 

0.10 

0.07 

1.93 

5.37 

9.16 

15.29 

81.66 

VACAVILLE,  SOLANO  COUNTY. 
[Elevation,  175  feet.] 


1880  

3.48 

2.28 

2.73 

8.26 

7.58 

1.78 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.07 

21.25 

47.  43 

1881  

15.61 

4.58 

1.13 

2.36 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.28 

1.93 

5.36 

31.25 

1882 

2  76 

3  38 

4  17 

2  37 

0  19 

0.80 

0.00 

O.CO 

1  10 

3  11 

3.77 

1.15 

y  oo 

1883    ..       

2.45 

2.11 

6.26 

2.03 

6.63 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

o.co 

2.24 

0.49 

1.63 

22.84 

1884 

6.02 

7  19 

11  45 

7  48 

0.24 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0  41 

1.20 

0.00 

16.18 

50  17 

1885  

1.89 

0.28 

0.28 

1.54 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.30 

15.98 

5.68 

25.  95 

1886 

8.74 

0  17 

1.32 

4.84 

0.05 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0  27 

0  14 

2  26 

17  79 

1887 

1  34 

9  40 

1  06 

2  65 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

C  00 

0  16 

0  00 

1  01 

5  62 

"1  °4 

1888  .... 

6.34 

0.45 

4.21 

0.08 

0  04 

0.11 

0.00 

0.00 

0  71 

0.00 

5  77 

5  35 

23  OS 

1889 

0  44 

0  98 

7  92 

0  80 

3  04 

0  15 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

7  98 

4  26 

1'  48 

38  05 

1890  

11.74 

5.49 

5.74 

0.96 

1  40 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0  28 

0  04 

0  00 

•  >  i|-> 

28  57 

1891 

0.79 

12  93 

0  57 

2  13 

0  67 

0  17 

0  00 

T 

0  50 

0  18 

0  41 

6  91 

".">  "i; 

l.sif 

2  36 

3  45 

2  44 

2  31 

3  16 

0  08 

0  00 

0  00 

0  07 

1  45 

(»  75 

7  11 

"9  IS 

1893  

4.50 

3.13 

4  54 

0  80 

0  55 

0  00 

T 

0  00 

0  18 

0  20 

:i  7<) 

2  55 

"0  "1 

1894 

8.70 

4  50 

1  18 

0  62 

1  55 

0  84 

0  00 

0  00 

1  13 

3  33 

0  63 

12  80 

35  28 

1895  

12.81 

3.04 

2  07 

2  08 

1  02 

0  00 

T 

0  00 

0  80 

0  06 

•>  15 

1  S7 

"5  '111 

1896 

14.46 

0  15 

4  31 

7  03 

1  25 

0  00 

T 

0  57 

0  40 

1  30 

0  ''3 

3  54 

T>9  24 

1897  

6.36 

4.96 

5.23 

0  24 

0  27 

0  09 

0  00 

0  02 

0  07 

2  32 

1  03 

2  08 

22  67 

1898 

1.59 

3  01 

0  19 

0  52 

1  94 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  49 

1  06 

0  44 

1  30 

10  54 

1899 

7  11 

0  20 

10  26 

0  79 

1  25 

•  0  32 

0  00 

0  16 

0  00 

3  61 

3  6° 

3  67 

30  99 

1900  

3.82 

0  52 

"  -Hi 

1  39 

0  34 

T 

0  00 

0  00 

0  07 

1  32 

6  1J6* 

1  68 

17  86 

Mean  (21  vi-:irs)  

5.87 

3  44 

3  79 

2  44 

1  44 

0  17 

T 

0  04 

0  30 

1  44 

3  08 

5  S8 

•>7  88 

GENERAL    PRECIPITATION    TABLES. 


209 


PRECIPITATION  OF  CALIFORNIA  (INCHES  AND  HTXDREDTHS) — Continued. 
VALLEY  SPRINGS,  CALAVERAS  COUNTY. 

[Elevation.  673  feet] 


Year.                        ,    Jan. 

I    > 

Feb.       Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July.       Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct.       Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1888.  .                                                 I      B.3Z 

0  49         1  74 

1  94 

0  23 

0  00 

1889  0.28 

0  77        4.22 

1  42 

2.69 

0  00 

0  00        0  00 

0  00 

4.24  '      4  34 

1890.                                                         7  28 

3  62        5  03 

1  75 

2.35 

0  00 

0.00         0  00 

9-M 

1891  058 

3  15        7  45 

0  60 

0  70 

0  74 

0  00        0  00 

0  23 

1892.  .                                                       1  00 

1  75        4.15 

1  80 

2.93 

0  15 

0  00        0  00 

0  12 

1893  3  24 

3.46        7  32 

L87 

0  10 

0  00 

0  00        0  00 

1  13 

1894  .                                                       6  91 

5  86        0.91 

0  95 

4  09 

1  28 

1895  8.98 

2.70        2.65 

3  00 

1  72 

0  00 

0  00        0  00 

0  50 

1896                                                          6.43 

0  °4        3  13 

6  59 

0  90 

0  00 

1897  2  97 

7  77        6  00 

1.53 

0  39 

0  69 

0  00        0  00 

0  00 

1898.                                                         0  98 

3  34        0  88 

0  46 

1  41 

0  14 

1899  2.78 

0  21         7  04 

0  55 

0  G9 

0  8° 

0  00        0  09 

0  00 

1900.                                                   •     1  46 

0  96        2.62 

3  19 

1  41 

0  04 

Mean  (13  years)  3.78 

2  64         4.09 

2  13 

1  50 

0  30 

0  03         0  01 

0  41 

VEXTURA.  VENTURA  COUXTY. 

[Elevation,  50  feet.] 


1892..             ..                                        1.01 

4-54 

2.25 

0  57 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00        0  70 

1893                                                          3  17 

3  02 

8  19 

0  42 

0  04 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1894                                                          0  81 

0  50 

0  27 

0  17 

0  50 

0  00 

0  13 

T 

0  95   -     0  10 

T 

1895  :  6.11 

1.00 

3  17 

0  47 

0  07 

0  00 

0  00 

T 

T         0  10 

0  74 

1896                                                          5  13 

T 

2  16 

1  10 

T 

0  20 

T 

1897.  .                                                       4  07 

4.83 

1  77 

0  05 

0  04 

0  00 

0  00 

0  01 

0  50        1  50 

0  07 

1898.                                                         1  54 

0  74 

. 

0  00 

1  40 

0  00 

1899..                                                       4  89 

0  00 

1  73 

0  42 

T 

0  71 

0  00 

0  00 

T         1  56 

1900  1.90 

0.10 

1.19 

0.38 

1  40 

T 

T 

0  00 

T         0  25 

A  47 

0  03 

Mean(9vears)  3.18 

1.64 

2.38 

0  40 

0  38 

0  08 

0  04 

T 

0  28        0  67 

1   1ft 
1.18 

1  88 

VIXA,  TEH  AM  A  COUNTY. 
[Elevation,  213  feet.] 


1889 

0  09 

0  29 

6  95 

1  19 

1  94 

0  50 

0  00        0  00 

0  00 

7  24 

1890... 

6.05 

3.58 

4.26 

0.00 

2.11 

0  00 

0  00        0  00 

0  51 

0  00 

0  00        2.21 

1891 

0  9" 

9  29 

0  50 

2  06 

0  80 

0  50 

0  08        0  00 

0  00 

0  4fl 

1892. 

4.13 

1.13 

1.50 

2.30 

1  67 

0  19 

0  00        0  00 

0  00 

1  06 

3  41        5  88 

1893  

'  99 

3.24 

4.62 

2.21 

0.70 

0.00 

0  00        0.00 

0  63 

0  02 

I  99  |      2.15 

18  55 

1894 

4.18 

2.51 

1.41 

0.89 

0  96 

0  51 

0  00        0  00 

1  05 

1  13 

0.65  '      8  28 

1895.. 

8.24 

2.39 

•2  60 

0.94 

1.47 

0.00 

0.26        0  00 

2.18 

0  00 

1  20  '      1  71 

20  99 

1896 

9  01 

0  17 

2  16 

3.72 

1  C3 

0  00 

0  00        0  40 

0  96 

0  70 

1897.. 

4.43 

4.28 

2.05 

1.30 

0.00 

0  25 

0  00        0  00 

0  20 

P321 

0  88        1  88 

1898  

0.85 

3.28 

[2.89] 

[L62] 

[L19] 

0.00 

0  00        0  00 

ro  en 

fl  321 

0  04        1  05 

12.85 

l'*99 

6  68 

0  00 

3.78 

0  59 

0.96 

1  13 

0  00        0  00 

0  00 

n  *?2i 

2.62  '      2.45 

1900.. 

3.07 

0.77 

1.55 

3.30 

1.65 

0.35 

0.00        0  05 

T 

1  96 

4.45        1.65 

-  -  ^ 

MP^TI  (12  ypftrs)  ,, 

4.22 

2.58 

2.86 

1.68 

1.21 

0.29 

0  03        0  04 

0  51 

1  37 

1  81        4  08 

20  66 

VOLCAXO  SPRIXGS,  SAN  DIEGO  COUNTY. 

[Elevation,  —220  feet.] 


1889  0.82 

0.00 

0.67 

0.00 

0.00        0.00        0.00        0.00 

0  00 

013        0  40 

2.74 

1890                                                          0  09 

- 

0  00 

0  03 

000        000        003        007 

0  00 

0.00        0  00 

0  47 

*-'° 

1891..            0.00 

2.62 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00        0.00        0.00        0  33 

0  00 

0  00         0.00 

0  00 

1892                                                          0  16 

0  59 

0  04 

0  00 

001        0.  00        000        000 

0  00 

0.  02        0  00 

0  00 

1893..                                                       0.02 

0  00 

0.00 

0  00 

T.  |      0.00        1  20        0  45 

0  00 

0  00        0.30 

0  00 

1894                                                          0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00        0  00        0  00           T 

0  00 

1  08        0  00 

1  00 

1895.                                                         1.42 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0.00        000        000        000 

0  00 

0.00        0  00 

0  00 

1896  0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00        0.00        0.00           T 

0  00 

0  00        0  00 

ro  5*>i 

0  5° 

1897                                                          0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00        0.00           T    |      0  03 

0  00 

0  00        0  00 

T 

1898  T. 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00        0.00        0.00  <     [0  09] 

0  00 

0  00  1      0  00 

0  47 

0  56 

1899.                                                         0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

000        000        004        007 

0  13 

0  19        0  20* 

T 

1900..              ....                               0  55 

0.00 

0.63 

T 

0.  00        000        008        000 

0  03 

0.60        0  05 

0  00 

Mean  (12  vears)  0.26 

0  32 

0.11 

T. 

T.        000        Oil        009 

0  01 

0  17  '      0  08 

0  43 

1  59 

1176— Bull.  L— 08 


210 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 

PRECIPITATION  OF  CALIFORNIA  (INCHES  AND  HUNDREDTHS)— Continued. 

WESTLEY,  STANISLAUS  COUNTY. 

[Elevation,  90  feet.] 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual 

1889           

0.38 

0.33 

2.60 

0.41 

0.88 

T. 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

2.65 

1.92 

4.92 

14.09 

1890                

3.48 

1.69 

0.89 

1.13 

0.33 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.75 

9.27 

1891                       

0.12 

2.27 

1.46 

1.21 

0.18 

0.10 

0.00 

0.00 

0.21 

0.11 

0.07 

3.25 

8.98 

1892  

0.44 

1.32 

1.91 

0.82 

o:s5 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.46 

1.74 

1.77 

4.11 

13.42 

1893           

1.38 

1.57 

2.56 

0.74 

0.32 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.08 

0.00 

0.64 

1.00 

8.29 

1894                              

1.93 

1.78 

0.11 

0.04 

1.19 

0.85 

0.00 

0.00 

0.80 

0.65 

0.23 

4.67 

12.25 

1895      

4.16 

0.87 

1.15 

0.91 

0.48 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.12 

0.04 

0.90 

0.51 

9.14 

1896             

5.62 

0.00 

1.42 

1.45 

0.38 

0.00 

0.35 

T. 

0.31 

1.95 

4.16 

1.01 

16.65 

1897                                 

1.60 

2.46 

2.03 

0.00 

0.11 

0.08 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.86 

0.13 

0.75 

8.02 

1898      

0.53 

0.58 

0.68 

0.00 

0.65 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.12 

0.39 

0.20 

0.89 

4.04 

1899                  .  

2.37 

0.00 

3.17 

0.20 

0.50 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.50 

2.31 

0.88 

10.93 

1900  

1.77 

0.00 

0.55 

1.09 

2.04 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.65 

0.10 

4.38 

1.38 

11.96 

Mean  (12  years)  

1.98 

1.07 

1.54 

0.67 

0.66 

0.09 

0.03 

T. 

0.23 

0.83 

1.39 

2.09 

10.59 

WHEATLAND,  YUBA  COUNTY. 
[Elevation,  84  feet.] 


1888      

4.13 

1.06 

2.42 

0.16 

0.38 

0.35 

0.02 

0.00 

0.32 

0.00 

2.69 

5.06 

16.59 

1889 

0.12 

0.37 

5.52 

0.80 

1.98 

0.32 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

6.41 

3.16 

7.51 

26.  19 

1890 

4.75 

4  17 

4  45 

1.40 

1.84 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.01 

0.00 

0.00 

2.19 

19.81 

1891      

0.52 

5.72 

1.41 

1.72 

2.10 

0.16 

0.08 

0.00 

0.02 

0.14 

0.75 

3.14 

15.76 

1892 

3  12 

2.55 

4.16 

2.29 

2.96 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.07 

1.04 

5.81 

4.32 

26.  32 

1893     

3.16 

3.17 

3.90 

1.14 

0.72 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.46 

0.28 

2.82 

1.85 

17.50 

1894 

5  71 

3.82 

1  09 

0.66 

2.58 

0.85 

0.00 

0.14 

0.4- 

1.62 

0.77 

10.75 

28.46 

1895  

8.95 

2.06 

1.63 

1.34 

1.29 

0.00 

0.05 

0.00 

2.63 

0  10 

1.59 

1.51 

21.  15 

1896 

8.54 

0.29 

2.37 

6.21 

1.14 

0.00 

0.00 

0.28 

1.12 

1.18 

4  91 

2.40 

28.44 

1897 

3  13 

5  00 

1  78 

0  92 

0.26 

0  24 

0.00 

0.01 

0.12 

2.23 

1.64 

1.89 

17.22 

1898  

0.85 

4.25 

0.02 

0.24 

1.03 

0.17 

0.00 

0.00 

0.27 

0.84 

1.35 

1.78 

10.80 

1899 

4  38 

0  10 

5  45 

0  29 

1  08 

0.29 

0.00 

0.14 

0.00 

5.73 

4.26 

3.83 

25.55 

1900  

4.67 

0  69 

1.90 

1.58 

2.18 

T. 

T. 

0.00 

0.11 

2.19 

3.98 

1.66 

18.  9f 

4  00 

2  56 

2  78 

1  44 

1  50 

0  18 

0  01 

0  04 

0.51 

1.67 

2.59 

3.68 

20.98 

•    WHITTIER,  LOS   ANGELES  COUNTY. 
[Elevation,  239  feet.] 


1889                                                          0  15 

0  28 

3  65 

0  15 

0  93 

0  00 

0.00 

0.95 

0.00 

3.21 

1.39 

[1.  78] 

12.  49 

1890                                                    '      5  13 

1  58 

0  50 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0.19 

0.00 

0.15 

1.60 

9.15 

1891     .              .   ..                                  0.00 

8  37 

0  40 

0  85 

0  30 

0  00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.50 

11.42 

1892  0.90 

2.15 

2.25 

0.21 

1.69 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.11 

1.40 

2.87 

11.58 

1893           3.25 

2  43 

7.35 

0  23 

0.20 

0.00 

0.00 

0  00 

0.00 

1.00 

0.20 

2.36 

17.02 

1894        0.65 

0.55 

0.63 

0.10 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

T. 

T. 

0.00 

5.03 

6.96 

1895                        6.71 

0  77 

3  30 

0.43 

0  33 

0.00 

0  00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.89 

0.39 

12.82 

18%          S.37 

0.00 

3.60 

0.01 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.45 

2.85 

1.52 

12.80 

1897                              4.13 

4.90 

3  57 

0.00 

0  00 

0  00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

3.50 

0.00 

0.00 

16.10 

1898                                                    '      1  10 

0  30 

1  41 

0  18 

2  22 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0.75 

5.96 

1899                           3.45 

0.10 

1.84 

0.24 

0  05 

0  70 

0  00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.45 

1.05 

0.96 

9.84 

1900        1.75 

0.00 

1.20 

0.48 

2.20 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

8.00 

0.00 

13.63 

Mean  (12  years)             ...       255 

1  79 

2  48 

0  24 

0  66 

0  06 

0  00 

0  08 

0  02 

0  89 

1.33 

1.56 

11.65 

GENERAL    PRECIPITATION    TABLES. 

PRECIPITATION  OF  CALIFORNIA  (INCHES  AND  HUNDREDTHS) — Continued. 
WILLIAMS.  COLCSA  COUNTY. 

[Elevation.  89  feet.] 


211 


Year.                            Ian.       Feb.       Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1877  2.16        115        033 

0  05 

0  25 

T 

T 

0  00 

1878  8.79        6  75        2.29 

0  64 

0  50 

1879  1  80        1  43        "37 

1  48 

0  85 

0  13 

0  00 

1880  0  78        0  77        0.43 

3  67 

0  82 

1881  402        115        050 

1  65 

0  17 

0  20 

1882  L32        137        121 

1  15 

0  05 

0  17 

0  00 

0  00 

0  20 

1883  0  73        0  18        1  29 

0  38 

1  75 

0  00 

1884  301         133        3.93 

1  96 

T 

2.96 

0  00 

0  00 

0  33 

1885  1  38        0  53        0  15 

1  26 

0  00 

1886  3.83        000        089 

3.01 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1887                                                          0  35        4.35        1  30 

1888  2.22        070        172 

0  00 

0  08 

1889  032        050        3.  42 

0  15 

0  95 

0  05 

0  00 

0  00 

rn  Wl 

1890  3.20        2.90        3.30 

0  65 

1  77 

1891  0.24         9.62         0  35 

1  44 

0  30 

0  12 

0  00 

u.w 

1892  2.33        1  34        1  54 

1  10 

1  74 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1893  3.07        2.80        'A  S6 

0  go 

1  14 

0  00 

1894  327        107        086 

0  15 

1  59 

0  60 

0  00 

0  00 

1895  6.32        1  28        1  34 

0  75 

0  13 

0  00 

T 

0  00 

0  88 

0  13 

1  25 

1896  '      7  47        0  18        1  65 

2.90 

0  36 

0  00 

T 

]  10 

o  1* 

1897  .*.  2.90        2.74        1  48 

0  25 

0  20 

0  31 

0  OQ 

0  00 

T 

1898.....                                                  0  35        2.3°        0  00 

0  20 

0  90 

0  00 

0  00 

1899  4.77        0  00        3  38 

0  22 

0  15 

T 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

u.« 

1900  i      2.24        020        080 

1  13 

0  58 

0  05 

0  00 

0  00 

T 

Mean  (24  years)  '      2.79'      186        159 

1  09 

0  62 

0  25 

T 

0  05 

0  28 

0  68 

r-  1 

WILLOWS,  GLEKX  COCXTY. 
[Elevation,  136  feet.] 


1879                       1  68 

0  83 

1.16 

1  35 

0  56 

- 

0  02 

0  05 

0  00 

0  05 

1880  0.63 

0.60 

0.74 

3  83 

0  42 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  10 

6  33 

1881                       3  75 

1  12 

0  56 

1  64 

0  17 

0  18 

0  00 

0  00 

0  44 

0  47 

0  10 

1882.                       0  67 

2  00 

1.47 

0  63 

0  00 

0  27 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

1  10 

2.30 

0  49 

8  93 

1883..                      0  43 

0.23 

1.40 

0.86 

1.64 

0.00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  41 

1  30 

0  15 

0  05 

6,47 

1884                       5  42 

3.11 

4.80 

-.- 

0  12 

0  90 

0  00 

0  00 

0  13 

0  69 

0  00 

1M                      1  19 

0.24 

0  05 

0  94 

0  20 

0  18 

0  00 

0  00 

0  30 

0  30 

7  28 

3  37 

14  05 

1886                       4  04 

1  36 

0  35 

2.45 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

T 

1  19 

1887                       0  17 

2.77 

1  16 

2.78 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  95 

2.17 

10  00 

1888.                       ?  99 

1.38 

1.82 

0.08 

0.24 

0.29 

0.00 

0  10 

0  10 

0  00 

•'  43 

3  61 

13  04 

1889                       0  54 

0  66 

1  58 

0  27 

0  71 

0  30 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

,  - 

2  30 

8  52 

1890  5.36 

1  98 

3.85 

0  55 

0  55 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

,  ,. 

0  00 

3  45 

16  62 

1891                     i   0  67 

9  03 

0  96 

•  -- 

1  99 

0  05 

0  00 

0  00 

0  04 

0  °4 

0  51 

3  59 

1892...                     3  45 

3  20 

2.93 

1.71 

2.95 

0  20 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  55 

5  75 

6  45 

27  19 

1893  i   4  80 

4.30 

4.05 

0.95 

0.45 

0.00 

0.00 

0  00 

0  14 

0  00 

2.40 

0  °8 

18  07 

1894  3.65 

0.95 

1.03 

0.40 

1.10 

0.80 

0.00 

0.00 

0.75 

0  98 

0  07 

9  39 

19  12 

1895  9  97 

1.65 

1.55 

0.90 

0.78 

-  0.00 

0.08 

0.08 

1  21 

1  29 

2  48 

0  82 

20  81 

1896                       9  96 

0  10 

2.06 

3  22 

0  88 

0  00 

0  00 

0  62 

0  75 

0  85 

2.55 

5  19 

26  18 

1897...                     2.81 

4.26 

0.62 

0.47 

0.40 

0  30 

0.00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  98 

0  54 

0  47 

10  85 

1898.                       0  70 

2.46 

T. 

0.26 

L17 

T. 

0.00 

0.00 

0.36 

0  70 

0  30 

0  99 

6  94 

1899.  .                     6  58 

0  00 

3  20 

0  50 

0  20 

0  24 

0  00 

T 

0  00 

*>  40 

3  31 

2  74 

19  15 

1900                       2.95 

0  15 

1  10 

1  33 

1  15 

0  10 

0  00 

0  00 

T 

2.13 

4  37 

1  00 

Mean  (•»  years)  3.29 

1.93 

1.66 

1.34 

0.72 

0.18 

T. 

0.04 

0  21 

0  99 

1  86 

3  26 

15  47 

212 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 

PRECIPITATION  OP  CALIFORNIA  (INCHES  AND  HUNDREDTHS)— Continued. 

WINTERS,  YOLO  COUNTY. 

[Elevation,  136  feet.] 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Ap, 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1889                                      

0.36 

0.50 

8.40 

0.58 

1.92 

0.15 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

5.95 

4.58 

12.74 

35.18 

1890                

12.  17 

5.03 

4.63 

0.97 

1.48 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.23 

0.00 

0.00 

3.71 

28.22 

1891                       

0.00 

13.52 

1.10 

2.05 

0.75 

0.30 

0.00 

0.00 

0.50 

0.00 

0.34 

3.57 

22.13 

1892                              

2.77 

3.13 

1.89 

0.82 

2.08 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.61 

0.00 

13.68 

24.98 

1893                                     

4.47 

3.87 

4.93 

0.93 

0.37 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.03 

2.07 

2.02 

18.69 

1894                  

8.07 

3.53 

0.73 

0.60 

1.20 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.85 

1.39 

0.44 

14.70 

31.51 

1895                          

13.37 

1.95 

1.26 

1.38 

0.92 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.04 

0.00 

1.85 

0.86 

22.63 

18%                                     

14.81 

0.25 

3.26 

5.69 

0.50 

0.00 

0.00 

0.58 

0.07 

0.41 

3.50 

2.60 

31.67 

1897                  

6.59 

5.54 

3.96 

0.02 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.55 

0.02 

1.76 

19.44 

1898                            

0.40 

2.59 

0.00 

0.26 

1.45 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.42 

1.20 

0.29 

1.35 

7.% 

1899                              

6.81 

2.59 

4.98 

O.G9 

0.76 

0.28 

0.00 

0.04 

0.00 

2.32 

2.43 

3.02 

23.92 

1900  

4.87 

0.38 

1.23 

0.97 

0.75 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.41 

6.18 

1.46 

16.25 

6.22 

3.57 

3.03 

1.25 

1.02 

0.06 

0.00 

0.05 

0.26 

1.16 

1.81 

5.12 

23,55 

WIRE  BRID(iE,  PLACER  COUNTY. 
[Elevation,  565  feet.] 


1894                                       

9.18 

9.07 

2.19 

1.27 

2.65 

1.02 

0.00 

T. 

0.74 

2.60 

1.17 

13.31 

43.20 

1895 

14.44 

3.15 

3.34 

3.46 

2.  21 

0.00 

T. 

0.25 

1.81 

0.14 

1.27 

2.74 

32.81 

18%                         

11.40 

0.58 

6.38 

8.00 

2.46 

0.00 

0.30 

0.18 

0.91 

1.04 

8.75 

3.04 

43.04 

1897                                             .  .   . 

2.20 

9.% 

7.13 

1.60 

0.17 

0.28 

0.00 

0.10 

0.29 

2.43 

2.47 

3.26 

29.89 

1898                    

1.17 

6.58 

0.40 

0.48 

2.09 

0.88 

0.00 

0.00 

0.60 

1.90 

3.47 

2.63 

20.20 

1899                                 

6.22 

0.20 

13.18 

0.55 

1.34 

1.30 

0.00 

0.12 

0.00 

6.53 

8.32 

6.06 

43.  82 

1900  

5.22 

1.68 

4.82 

3.44 

2.  34 

T. 

0.00 

0.00 

0.43 

4.00 

5.87 

1.95 

29.75 

7.12 

4.46 

5.35 

2.69 

1.89 

0.50 

0.04 

<i.  09 

0.6S 

2.66 

4.47 

4.71 

34.67 

WOODLAND,  YOLO  COUNTY. 
[Elevation,  63  feet.] 


Ig73                           

1.25 

2.84 

0.56 

0.18 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.20 

1.15 

10.44 

16.62 

1874 

5.99 

1.33 

2.85 

0.64 

0.40 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

3.26 

2.79 

0.16 

17.42 

1875               

5.22 

0.35 

0.66 

0.00 

0.  15 

1.59 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.44 

3.87 

2.49 

14.77 

1876                                        

4.40 

4.85 

4.24 

1.40 

0.45 

0.00 

0.16 

0.00 

0.17 

3.37 

0.27 

0.00 

19.31 

1877 

3.95 

1.42 

0.77 

0.03 

0.53 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.94 

1.10 

1.29 

10.03 

1878               

11.52 

7.61 

2.30 

1.25 

0.68 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.25 

0.34 

0.88 

0.01 

24.84 

1879 

2.62 

3.25 

4.48 

2.40 

1.70 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.22 

7.15 

3.66 

25.48 

1880 

1.33 

1.22 

0.97 

6.84 

0.28 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

8.73 

19.37 

1881                      

4.50 

1.93 

0.97 

1.39 

0.00 

0.35 

0.00 

0.00 

0.50 

0.25 

1.87 

2.37 

14.13 

1882 

1.24 

1.87 

2.34 

1.51 

0.03 

0.07 

0.00 

0.00 

0.82 

2.04 

2.42 

1.05 

13.39 

1883           

0.91 

0.60 

3.24 

1.22 

4.65 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.54 

1.04 

0.30 

0.54 

13.04 

1884 

3.67 

4.07 

6.53 

4.03 

0.00 

3.02 

0.00 

0.00 

0.22 

1.61 

0.00 

5.57 

28.72 

1885 

1.62 

0.15 

0.15 

1.50 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.06 

0.05 

8.70 

2.73 

14.96 

1886               

5.81 

0.00 

1.71 

4.14 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.59 

0.00 

1.39 

13.64 

1887 

0.88 

7.56 

0.75 

1.90 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.60 

3.67 

15.36 

1888 

3.88 

0.97 

2.80 

0.10 

0.77 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.56 

0.00 

6.25 

4.51 

19.84 

1889               

0.19 

0.49 

6.14 

0.84 

2.01 

0.43 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

5.54 

3.54 

8.16 

27.34 

1890 

5.10 

2.40 

3.35 

1.00 

1.60 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.60 

0.00 

0.00 

2.35 

16.40 

1891  

0.82 

8.08 

0.35 

1.17 

0.43 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.40 

3.10 

14.35 

1892               

2.05 

2.73 

2.14 

1.28 

2.22 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.57 

5.47 

6.  10 

22.56 

1893 

2.88 

2.78 

2.00 

0.62 

0.61 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.08 

1.71 

1.80 

12.48 

1894               

3.99 

2.00 

0.80 

0.33 

1.45 

0.64 

0.00 

0.00 

0.82 

1.01 

0.85 

10.69 

22.58 

1895 

9.63 

1.18 

0.83 

0.47 

0.40 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.33 

0.00 

1.56 

0.87 

16.27 

1896 

11.40 

T 

2.37 

6  48 

0.64 

0.00 

0.00 

0.36 

0.44 

1.27 

3.74 

1.78 

28.48 

1897               

3.10 

4.85 

2.18 

0.19 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

T. 

1.69 

0.58 

0.00 

12.  59 

1898 

0.41 

2.08 

0.00 

0.23 

1.23 

0.21 

0.00 

0.00 

0.35 

1.08 

0.  52 

1.57 

7.68 

1899               

5.02 

0.00 

4.87 

0.26 

0.50 

0.98 

0.00 

0.00 

o.oo 

3.55 

3.29 

3.45 

21.92 

1900                

2.14 

0.40 

1  20 

0  96 

0.54 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.46 

5.  17 

1.22 

13.09 

Mean  (28  years)  

3.77 

2.39 

2.  20 

1.51 

0.76 

0.26 

0.01 

0.01 

0.24 

1  09 

2.29 

3.  20 

17.74 

GENERAL    PRECIPITATION    TABLES. 

PRECIPITATION  OF  CALIFORNIA  (INCHES  AND  HUNDREDTH*)— Continued. 

YREKA.  SISKIYOU  COUNTY. 

[Elevation.  2.635  feet.] 


213 


Year.         -  Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

*Ang. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1KB  3.83 

1  91 

1  67 

0  24 

0  44 

0  00 

0  14 

o  oo 

0  25 

1  55 

1  43 

1873        .             i   1  28 

1  77 

0  40 

0  90 

0  60 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  44 

0  So 

1874  3.78 

1  62 

1  49" 

0  74 

0  34 

0  44 

. 

0  00 

0  00 

1  29 

•>  |g 

1S75  4  35 

0  19 

1  23 

0  17 

0  51 

0  30 

0  07 

0  00 

0  00 

1876                         •>  00 

1  93 

0  07 

0  42 

0  65 

1877       .                  1  20 

3.24 

1  48 

0  74 

1  56 

0  65 

0  18 

0  00 

0  00 

1878                         6  12 

3  91 

•-'  SO 

0  37 

0  56 

1879                       1  53 

1  41 

3  96 

1  56 

1  42 

0  39 

0  22 

1880                         ?  43 

0  61 

1  20 

2  23 

0  41 

0  00 

0  15 

0  00 

0  00 

0  13 

0  10 

1881                       11  78 

2.58 

0  19 

1  48 

0  00 

1  65 

1882  1.81 

1  96 

0  42 

1  20 

1  0° 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  90 

1  88 

1  89 

1883                       1  38 

0  47 

0  53 

1  26 

0  25 

1884     '10 

1  20 

4  44 

1  41 

1  40 

1  78 

1  33 

0  51 

0  33 

1885                       1  16 

9  94 

0  00 

1  12 

3  65 

1886                       4  03 

0  91 

0  74 

1  78 

1  05 

1  51 

0  00 

0  30 

1W                       ?  '1 

3  01 

0  41 

2.35 

1  42 

0  84 

1  28 

0  31 

0  21 

0  00 

1  04 

1  99 

1888.                       4  90 

1  19 

1  16 

0  11 

1  12 

0  24 

0  87 

1889  1.30 

1  30 

2  12 

1  32 

1  70 

0  10 

0  94 

0  00 

0  00 

3  53 

2  23 

4  08 

1890a  

1891                   *     0.45 

3  59 

1  15 

0  93 

1  48 

1  36 

0  41 

0  00 

0  8** 

0  43 

•>  50 

1892  1.65 

0.15 

1  02 

[1  06] 

P291 

x- 

0  31 

0  00 

0  61 

0  05 

3  37 

3  64 

1888.                       1  20 

2.53 

1  53 

o  jo 

0  87 

0  31* 

0  58 

1  12 

0  54 

7  83 

1894  :  7.5J 

3  22 

3  32 

0  10 

3  31 

0  70 

0  77 

0  41 

0  01 

1  60 

0  57 

5  40 

1895                       5  30 

1  03 

•>  26 

0  81 

1  59 

0  43 

T 

1896.  .  ..      7  37 

1  08 

1  89 

0  28 

°  75 

0  81 

0  73 

1  01 

0  5° 

0  89 

5  02 

3  TO 

1897                         0  42 

3  89 

•>  18 

0  39 

0  ~S 

1896...                     0  83 

1  44 

0  42 

0  48 

•>  os 

0  10 

0  02 

0  05 

0  14 

0  51 

•>  74 

1899  2.75 

1  95 

1  77 

0  21 

0  62 

0  61 

0  03 

0  12 

0  07 

o  34 

5  00 

3.80 

19  27 

1900...                      1.35 

2  13 

1  12 

0  42 

0  37 

1  36 

0  00 

1  35 

0  43 

3  66 

2  CO 

3.23 

17  42 

Mean  (28  vears)           3  11 

1  90 

1  46 

1  01 

1  24 

0  64 

0  41 

YUBA  CITY,  SCTTER  COUNTY. 
[Elevation  70  feet.] 


1892  1   3  28    3  48 

3  54 

1  91 

3  03 

T 

0  00 

T 

0  20 

1  17 

6  75 

T  52 

-  ,. 

1893                         2  99    3  22 

3  75 

1  01 

1  07 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  31 

0  25 

1894.  .                        4  95    2  32 

0  89 

0  46 

2.26 

0  70 

T 

0  00 

0  80 

1  99 

0  86 

11  15 

26.38 

1895  9.58    1  75 

1  12 

1  00 

0  58 

0  00 

T 

T 

•>  79 

0  06 

1  85 

1  25 

19  9g 

UBS.  .                     10  07    0  32 

2.21 

5  69 

0  90 

T 

T 

0  30 

0  97 

0  76 

5  43 

•>  7i 

29  35 

1897  4.94    4  13 

2.13 

1  00 

0  42 

0  07 

0  00 

0  03 

0  23 

2.23 

1  30 

1  78 

18  23 

1898.                         0  66    4  36 

T 

0  35 

L47 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  41 

0  50 

0  92 

1  42 

10  09 

1899  i   5.07    0  11 

- 

0  63 

1  54 

0  43 

0  00 

0  18 

0  00 

4  42 

4  82 

3  62 

27  49 

1900                         5  20    0  45 

1  91 

2  67 

1  06 

0  16 

0  00 

0  10 

0  10 

2  17 

4  27 

1  71 

19  go 

Mean  i9  vears)  5.19    2,24 

2  47 

1  64 

1  37 

0  15 

T 

0  07 

0  65 

1  51 

3  19 

3  48 

°1  94 

No  data. 


SNOWFALL. 


At  the  beginning  of  the  year  1901  the  weather  bureau  office  at  San  Francisco  made  an  effort 
to  collect  reports  concerning  the  amount  of  snowfall  in  the  mountains  chiefly  for  the  purpose  of 
affording  some  data  upon  which  forecasts  of  the  probable  supply  of  water  available  for  irrigating, 
mining,  and  other  purposes  might  be  based.  Not  for  many  years  had  the  snowfall  been  so  heavy 
in  central  and  southern  California  as  during  the  winter  of  1900-1901  and  the  outlook  for  an 
abundant  supply  of  water  so  promising.  It  does  not  necessarily  follow  that  a  winter  of  heavy 
snowfall  Ls  succeeded  by  a  season  of  bountiful  water  supply.  In  some  States  it  has  been  found 
that  dry  ground  absorbs  so  large  a  proportion  of  snowfall  under  certain  favorable  conditions 
that  the  anticipated  run-off  is  not  reached.  Again,  the  melting  of  the  snow  may  not  occur 
rapidly  enough  and  the  evaporation  prove  excessive,  especially  if  high  north  winds  or  mountain 
winds  of  the  ''Chinook"  type  prevail.  Finally  the  manner  in  which  the  snow  packs  as  it  falls 
will  determine  largely  the  rate  of  flow  during  the  ensuing  warm  months.  During  the  month  of 
February,  1901,  the  snowfall  generally  in  the  mountains  of  California  was  heavy.  Particularly 
in  the  southern  half  of  the  Sierra  Nevada  and  Sierra  Madre  was  this  the  case.  The  following 
forecast  was  made  at  the  close  of  February  and  was  amply  verified: 

There  is  every  prospect  of  an  abundant  supply  of  water  during  the  coming  spring  and  summer  months.  In  the 
mountains  of  the  central  and  southern  portions  of  the  State  there  is  stored  a  sufficient  quantity  of  well-packed  snow, 
probably  in  excess  of  the  amounts  for  any  season  for  four  or  five  years  past.  In  northern  California,  while  there 
will  be  an  ample  supply  of  water,  the  snowfall  has  not  been  as  heavy  as  might  have  been  expected  during  the  wet 
winter. 

Following  are  the  notes  made  by  different  observers  who  were  kind  enough  to  make 
snowfall  reports: 

JANUARY,  1901. 
NORTH ERX   CALIFOHSIA. 

Bear  Valley  (near  Emigrant  Gap). — Snowfall  heavier  than  last  year,  but  considerably  less  than  average.  The 
weather  has  been  too  warm  for  snow,  but  have  had  plenty  of  rain.  Until  four  years  ago  the  snowfall  was  from  8  to 
14  feet  on  a  level,  but  since  then  it  has  not  been  more  than  4  feet,  (James  Rose. ) 

Bodie. — Snowfall  last  season,  to  January  26,  42  inches;  this  season,  to  same  date,  139  inches.  (Benjamin 
Robinson. ) 

Edmonton  (Meadow  Valley). — Average  snowfall,  70  inches;  this  season,  to  January  26,  136  inches;  last  season, 
to  same  date,  47  inches;  total  precipitation  this  season,  same  date,  50.34  inches;  last  season,  51.35  inches.  (J.  A. 
Edman. ) 

Greenville. — Average  snowfall,  about  36  inches;  this  season,  to  January  3,  43  inches.  The  snow  is  melting 
slowly  and  will  be  of  much  benefit  to  crops.  (C.  H.  Higbie.) 

lou'a  Hill. — The  snowfall  in  1890  was  about  100  inches.  It  has  been  decreasing  every  season;  last  season,  8 
inches.  (C.  F.  Macy.) 

Laporte. — Snowfall  las<t  January,  98  inches;  this  year,  to  January  26,  94.5  inches.  The  average  snowfall  from 
July  1  to  June  31,  for  five  seasons,  is  288  inches.  The  average  January  snowfall  is  76  inches.  (C.  W.  Hendel. ) 

Xorth  Bloomfield. — The  supply  of  water  is  probably  not  greater  than  last  season,  but  depends  upon  February  and 
March  storms.  Average  snowfall,  about  24  inches;  above  timber  line,  84  inches.  (L.  L.  Myers.) 

X'u-th  .S«/i  Juan. — Average  snowfall,  2  to  3  inches;  at  timber  line,  6  to  8  feet;  above  timber  line,  10  to  14  feet. 
(Dr.  A.  Fouch.) 

Quincy. — Average  snowfall,  about  42  inches;  will  have  best  water  season  since  1897.     fW.  J.  Edwards.) 

Red  Bluff. — More  snow  than  usual;  greater  supply  of  water.     (Maurice  Connell.) 

Reddiny. — Average  snowfall,  about  7  inches.  In  mountains  to  the  west,  snow  very  heavy  and  much  above 
average;  to  the  east  (Sierras),  much  lighter.  (L.  F.  Bassett.) 

215 


216  CLIMATOLOGY  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

Rosewood.— Average  snowfall,  about  8  inches;  for  1899,  22  inches;  1900,  none.     (C.  F.  Stivers.) 

Shasta. — Average  snowfall,  8  inches;  this  year  above  average.     (Dr.  T.  J.  Edgecomb. ) 

Sisson. — From  appearance  of  surrounding  mountains  there  is  double  the  amount  of  snow  to  same  date  last  year. 

Mount  Eddy  and  Mount  Shasta  are  covered  and  canyons  are  full.     (C.  F.  Galbreath.) 

Susanville.—  Snowfall  to  January  31,  1894,  23  inches;  1895,  117  inches;  1896,  16  inches;  1897,  36  inches;  1898,  9 

inches;  1899,  50  inches;  1900,  45  inches.     (James  Branham.) 

Truckee. —Average  snowfall,  95  inches;  at  timber  line,  13  feet;  above  timber  line,  16  feet.     Snowfall  for  this 

season  above  average.     (C.  B.  White.) 

Yreka. — The  snowfall  this  season,  63  inches,  is  greater  than  in  any  year  since  1890  and  the  heaviest  for  one 

storm  ever  known.     (Robert  Rankin. ) 

COAST   AND   BAY    SECTIONS. 

Eureka. — In  the  mountains,  at  an  altitude  of  4,000  feet,  the  snow  is  deep.  It  is  reported  that  the  snowfall  is 
unusually  heavy  in  Trinity  and  Siskiyou  counties.  (A.  H.  Bell.) 

laqua,  Humboldt  County. — Average  snowfall;  about  18  inches;  this  season  above  average.  More  precipitation  this 
year  than  in  any  year  since  1862.  (W.  E.  Williams.) 

Simmler,  San  Luis  Obispo  County. — No  snow  to  date;  average  fall  about  4  inches.  Rainfall  to  January  26,  10 
inches;  total  last  season,  5.70  inches.  (A.  F.  Hubbard.) 

SAN   JOAQUIN    VALLEY. 

Bigtrees,  Calaveras  County  (elevation  4,700  feet). — Snowfall,  November  19  to  January  10,  50  inches;  rainfall  to 
January  11,  29  inches.  (J.  M.  Hutchings. ) 

Bishop. — Snowfall  more  than  for  several  years;  rainfall  in  Owens  Valley  greater  than  usual.     (W.  A.  Chalfant.) 

Fort  Tejon,  Kern  County. — Snowfall  not  above  average,  which  is  about  3  feet,  and  from  4  to  5  feet  above  timber 
line.  (J.  G.  Stitt.) 

Independence. — Snowfall  at  station,  7  inches — about  double  that  of  last  year  and  more  than  average  for  past  four 
years.  The  water  supply  will  be  very  much  greater  than  last  season.  (John  J.  McLean.) 

Summerdale. — This  season's  snowfall  (to  January  31)  is  about  12  inches  more  than  last  season's,  but  less  than 
average.  The  average  at  timber  line  is  3  to  4  feet  and  above  timber  line  10  to  15  feet,  The  rainfall  has  been  the 
heaviest  on  record.  (J.  H.  Lowry. ) 

Tehachapi. — Snowfall  exceeds  that  of  last  season.  Average,  about  3  feet;  in  the  higher  mountains,  12  feet. 
(W.  H.  Knapp.) 

Tejon  Rancho,  Kern  County. — Creeks  and  springs  are  lower  than  I  have  known  them  for  twenty  years  past. 
(E.  M.  Pogson.) 

Thebe,  Inyo  County. — Snowfall  greater  than  last  season's.  Average,  about  12  inches;  at  timber  line,  probably  8  to 
10  feet.  (C.  Kispert.) 

West  Point. — Snowfall  about  the  same  as  last  season's  and  considerably  less  than  average.     (T.  A.  Wilson.) 

SOUTHEEN    CALIFORNIA. 

Beaumont. — Snowfall  greater  than  last  season's,  but  less  than  average;  at  timber  line  the  average  is  15  feet. 
(J.  W.  Elder.) 

Campo,  San  Diego  County. — Snowfall  exceeds  last  season's,  but  is  less  than  average;  the  same  is  true  of  rainfall. 
(A.  Campbell. ) 

Cuyamaca. — Average  snowfall  for  thirteen  years,  33  inches;  this  season  (to  January  26),  1  inch.  Owing  to 
heavy  rains,  the  water  supply  will  probably  be  greater  than  last  season.  (G.  H.  Nelson.) 

North  Ontario. — Average  snowfall  in  the  mountains,  8  to  12  feet;  the  fall  exceeds  last  season's,  and  the  water  sup- 
ply will  be  greater.  (A.  P.  Harwood.) 

San  Jacinto. — Snowfall  in  the  upper  valley  on  the  27th  and  28th  of  January,  from  6  to  10  inches.      (C.  A.  Harper.) 

FEBRUARY,  1901. 
NORTHERN    CALIFORNIA. 

Bear  Valley  (near  Emigrant  Gap). — This  season's  snowfall  is  about  75  inches  greater  than  last  season's.  Snow  on 
ground  February  9,  over  5  feet;  February  25,  30  inches;  at  the  summit  February  10,  14  feet.  Heavy  warm  rain 
reduced  snow.  (James  Rose. ) 

Blue  Canyon. — Very  little  snow  left  here  now  (February  23).  The  snowfall  has  been  4  feet  greater  than  last 
season's.  (J.  Knapp.) 

Bodie. — Snowfall  greatly  exceeds  last  season's;  48  inches  on  ground  February  20.     (Benjamin  Robinson.) 

Boivman's  dam. — Snowfall  much  greater  than  last  season's;  54  inches  on  ground  February  28;  8  feet  February  10, 
which  was  reduced  by  warm  rains.  (A.  F.  Hippert. ) 

Castle  Crag. — Snow  on  ground  February  28,  10  inches;  snowfall  greatly  exceeds  last  season's.  The  water  supply 
will  be  much  greater  than  last  season.  (H.  O.  Wickes. ) 


SNOWFALL.  217 

Cedarritte. — Snowfall  to  February  25  has  been  29  inches  in  excess  of  last  season's;  now  on  ground,  about  12  inches. 
(T.  H.  Johnstone.) 

Dunsmuir.— Snowfall  greatly  exceeds  that  of  last  season;  on  ground  February  6,  60  inches.  (R.  K.  Mont- 
gomery. ) 

El  Dorado. — Snow  on  ground  February  23,  4  inches;  average  fall  at  timber-  line,  12  feet;  above  timber  line,  16 
feet;  snowfall  greatly  exceeds  last  season's.  (C.  E.  Deuden. ) 

Elder  (Hwnboldi  County). — Snowfall  greater  than  last  season's;  on  ground  February  25,  6  inches.  (William 
Lyons. ) 

Eureka. — On  South  Fork  Mountains,  100  miles  east,  snow  is  reported  20  feet  deep.  Warm  rains  are  melting  snow- 
rapidly.  (A.  H.  Bell.) 

Georgetown. — Snowfall  exceeds  last  season's;  27  inches  fell  during  February,  but  there  is  none  on  the  ground  now 
(C.  M.  Fitzgerald.) 

Grass  Valley. — Snowfall  exceeds  last  season's;  none  on  ground  at  present.     ( B.  F.  Berriman.) 

Greenville. — Eight  inches  of  snow  on  ground  March  1,  and  much  heavier  in  timber;  snowfall  exceeds  last  season's 
(C.  H.  Higbie.) 

Lyomville  (Tehama  County). — This  season's  snowfall,  4  feet,  has  been  the  heaviest  in  three  years,  but  there  is 
none  on  ground  at  present.  (J.  C.  Hillhouse,  P.  M.) 

Manton  (Tehama  County). — The  snowfall  is  above  average;  on  ground  February  25,  12  inches.     (W.  E.  Hazen. ) 

Markleemlle. — The  seasonal  snowfall  is  more  than  double  that  of  last  season  and  the  water  supply  will  be  much 
greater.  (H.  F.  Musser,  P.  M.) 

Montague. — The  snowfall  exceeds  that  of  last  season;  on  ground  February  23,  42  inches.     (H.  A.  Roterman.) 

Oleta. — Snowfall  this  season,  4  inches,  which  melted  the  following  day;  last  season,  none.  At  elevations  of  5,000 
feet  the  snow  has  nearly  all  disappeared.  ( Isaac  Cooper. ) 

Hicerville. — More  snow  has  fallen  this  winter  than  for  many  years,  but  there  is  none  on  ground  at  present.  The 
average  seasonal  snowfall  at  timber  line  is  10  inches;  this  season,  4  feet.  ( J.  Leigh  Rowley. ) 

Quincy. — This  season's  snowfall,  over  90  inches,  is  greater  than  last.  On  ground  February  27,  12  inches.  Aver- 
age at  timber  line,  12  feet;  above,  20  feet.  ( W.  J.  Edwards.) 

Rosewood. — Snowfall  last  season,  1  inch;  this  season,  12J  inches;  none  on  ground  at  present.  At  4,000  feet 
elevation  the  average  seasonal  is  about  3  feet;  in  January,  this  year,  6  feet.  (H.  F.  Stivers.) 

SuMnrifle. — This  is  the  best  season  since  1895;  snowfall  double  that  of  last  season.  None  on  ground  at  present. 
(James  Branham.) 

Tnxkee. — Snowfall  greater  than  last  season's;  on  ground  February  23,  9  inches;  average  seasonal  at  timber  line 
13  feet;  above,  16  feet.  (C.  B.  White.) 

Weaverrille. — Snowfall  greater  than  last  season's;  none  on  ground  here  February  27;  at  timber  line,  about  3  feet; 
average  at  timber  line,  8  feet;  above,  10  feet.  (A.  S.  Paulson.) 

CENTRAL   AND   SOCTHEHX   CALIFORNIA. 

Bishop. — The  season's  snowfall  exceeds  that  of  last  season  and  the  water  supply  will  be  much  greater. 
(W.  A.  Chalfant.) 

Independence. — Greatest  seasonal  snowfall  to  date  for  nine  years.  At  11,000  feet  elevation  the  approximate 
depth  February  26,  is  7  feet;  average  seasonal  at  timber  line,  10  feet.  ( John  J.  McLean.) 

Mokelumne  Hill. — Season's  snowfall  greater  than  last;  6  inches  fell  during  February.  In  the  mountains  the 
fall  during  February  was  greater  than  for  several  years.  Creeks  and  springs  are  full.  The  water  supply  will 
be  much  greater  than  last  season.  (C.  E.  Prindle. ) 

Summerdale. — The  season's  snowfall  to  March  1  is  18  inches  more  than  last  season's;  28  inches  now  on 
ground.  The  snow  is  packed  like  ice  and  the  ground  is  very  wet.  (J.  H.  Lowry. ) 

Tehachapi. — Seasonal  snowfall  greater  than  last;  on  ground  February  24,  12  inches.  Water  supply  will  be 
greater  than  last  season.  (W.  H.  Knapp. ) 

Campo. — The  snowfall  exceeds  last  season's — in  the  valleys  February  10,  6  feet;  on  the  26th,  over  a  foot  on 
the  levels,  with  drifts  8  to  9  feet  deep.  Rainfall  for  season,  22  inches.  (A.  Campbell.) 

Cuyamaca. — Snowfall  to  February  28,  49  inches,  nearly  all  melted.  Cuyamaca  Lake  is  now  at  24-foot  level; 
last  season  it  reached  only  the  13-foot  level.  (G.  H.  Nelson.) 

San  Jacinto. — More  snow  this  season  than  for  past  four  years;  on  ground  near  Strawberry  Valley  February  25, 
42  inches.  (C.  A.  Harper.) 

Snow  rarely  falls  ?long  the  coast  of  California;  thus  at  San  Francisco  snow  has  fallen  only 
on  the  dates  following  since  March  1,  1871. 


218  CLIMATOLOGY  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

DATES  OF  SNOWFALL  IN  SAN  FRANCISCO  SINCE  MARCH  1,  1871. 

January  31,  1876. — Light  snow  fell  for  10  minutes. 

December  SI,  188%. — Heavy  snow  fell  from  11.30  a.  m.  to  4.20  p.  m.;  amount,  3.5  inches. 
February  6,  1883. — A  few  flakes  of  snow  fell  during  the  day. 

February  7,  1884.— Snow  fell  at  intervals  during  the  day,  depth  varying  from  1  to  2  inches. 

February  5,  1887. — Snow  fell  during  the  day;  depth  at  office  3.7  inches,  while  in  the  western  portion  of  the  city 
it  was  fully  7  inches  deep. 

January  4,  1888. — A  few  flakes  of  snow  fell  during  the  day. 

January  16,  1888. — Light  snow  fell  to  the  depth  of  0.1  inch. 

March  2,  1894. — A  few  flakes  of  snow  fell  during  the  day. 

March  2,  1896. — Snow  mixed  with  rain  fell  at  intervals  during  the  day. 

March  3,  1896. — Heavy  snow  fell  during  the  night;  depth  at  office  at  8  a.  m.,  1  inch. 

Yet  during  nearly  every  winter  snow  may  be  seen  upon  the  summit  of  Diablo,  Mount 
Tamalpais,  the  Berkeley  Hills,  and  ranges  of  Contra  Costa  County.  Similarly  in  the  southern 
part  of  the  State  during  the  months  of  January  and  February  one  may  walk  from  the  orange 
groves  a  comparatively  short  distance  up  the  mountian  sides  and  find  snow.  At  Los  Angeles, 
for  example,  in  two  or  three  hours  one  may  pass  from  almost  semitropical  conditions  into  alpine 
conditions.  Nearly  every  pronounced  southeast  storm  during  the  winter  months  leaves  a  generous 
snowfall  in  the  mountains  of  the  entire  State.  The  amount  of  snow  varies  naturally  with  the 
elevation,  and  also  varies  greatly  with  different  storms.  Heavy  snow  often  falls  on  the  ranges 
in  the  extreme  southern  portion  of  the  State.  In  general  the  heaviest  snowfall  is  found  in  the 
Sierra  Nevada  and  the  northern  portion  of  the  Coast  Eange.  Elevations  of  from  3,500  to  5,500 
feet  apparently  have  a  heavier  snowfall  than  greater  elevations. 

Tables  of  snowfall  in  the  Sierra  for  the  last  twenty -three  years  show  that  from  20  to  40  feet 
are  not  unusual  annual  snowfalls.  At  Summit  there  is  a  record  of  nearly  60  feet  of  snow  during 
the  year  1894.  It  is  a  matter  of  some  difficulty  to  obtain  reliable  snowfall  measurements.  The 
ratio  of  10  to  1,  which  is  used  by  the  Weather  Bureau  in  reducing  snow  to  rain,  is  but  an  approxi- 
mation, and  the  ratio  may  be  as  large  as  20  to  1  in  the  case  of  dry,  fine  snow  at  great  elevation, 
and  as  small  as  3  to  1  in  the  case  of  damp  snow  mixed  with  rain.  A  careful  measurement  at 
Fordyce,  Cal.,  by  Mr.  E.  E.  Roeming,  on  February  8,  1901,  showed  a  depth  of  snow  as  being  36 
inches,  but  when  melted  it  amounted  to  only  1.70  inches.  It  is  plain  that  when  the  temperature 
is  low  it  takes  a  large  amount  of  snowfall  to  make  an  inch  of  water.  In  the  case  mentioned  the 
ratio  of  snow  to  water  was  21  to  1,  and  the  writer  has  been  told  by  reliable  observers  that  in  the 
mountains  of  California  a  ratio  of  17  to  1  often  prevails.  On  the  other  hand,  at  certain  points  a 
proper  average  ratio  of  snowfall  to  water  would  be  about  6  to  1.  In  an  article  in  the  Monthly 
Weather  Review  for  May,  1901,  Mr.  W.  A.  Bentley,  of  Nashville,  Vt.,  who  has  made  a  study  of 
snow  crystals  for  over  twenty  years  and  has  more  than  800  photographs,  no  two  alike,  states  that 
"the  temperature  and  humidity  of  the  air  at  the  earth's  surface  is  a  much  less  important  factor 
than  is  generally  supposed  in  determining  the  form  and  size  of  the  crystal." 


SNOWFALL. 


219 


Much  has  been  learned,  however,  of  the  conditions  tending  to  modify  their  forms  after  the 
nuclear  form  is  once  recognized.  These  conditions  are  chiefly  the  character  of  the  cloud  strata, 
the  character  of  the  storm  and  the  initial  and  subsequent  movement  of  the  crystal  within  the 

cloud. 

SNOWFALL  IN  THE  SIERRA  (is  INCHES  AND  TENTHS). 

BOCA. 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

NOT. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1878 

35.7 

65.0 

8.6 

13.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.5 

1.5 

1.8 

0.0 

126.0 

1879                                  

27.0 

4.0 

35.5 

9.0 

3.5 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

2.0 

0.0 

20.0 

101.0 

1880 

30  0 

29  0 

62.0 

1  0 

0  0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

1881 

0.0 

1.0 

12.0 

10.0 

1882         

39.0 

36.0 

102.0 

10.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

9.0 

6.0 

202.0 

1883 

3.5 

22.0 

7.0 

9.0 

6.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

13.5 

5.0 

6.0 

72.0 

1884                  

46.0 

63.0 

22.0 

19.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

2.0 

0.0 

8.0 

160.0 

1885 

10.0 

1.0 

0.0 

15.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

11.0 

0.5 

37.5 

1886                                

43.5 

7.0 

44.0 

13.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

7.0 

7.0 

4.0 

125.5 

1887 

16.0 

127.0 

0.0 

18.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

3.0 

27.0 

191.0 

-  ~* 

«  | 

20  0 

4.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

4.0 

9.5 

1889      

10.5 

6.0 

25.5 

3.0 

39.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

9.0 

148.5 

241.5 

1890 

146.0 

54.0 

26.0 

6.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

7.0 

0.0 

34.5 

273.5 

1891 

12  5 

45  0 

18.0 

17.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.5 

0.0 

0.5 

1892 

7.0 

26.0 

17.0 

11.0 

12.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

16.0 

28.0 

117.0 

1893                                

22.0 

79.0 

18.0 

16.0 

9.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.5 

3.2 

16.0 

163.7 

1894 

46  0 

75.5 

0.0 

10.0 

0.8 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

5.0 

118.0 

255.3 

1895                                

83.0 

7.0 

4.5 

7.0 

1.0 

0,0 

0.0 

0.0 

T. 

0.0 

7.0 

15.5 

125.0 

1896 

1.5 

5.0 

31.5 

62.0 

6.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

1.0 

11.0 

118.0 

1897 

22.0 

63.5 

83.5 

1.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

3.0 

5.0 

15.0 

193.0 

1898 

15.0 

29.0 

25.0 

12.0 

3.5 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

8.0 

7.0 

7.0 

106.5 

1899 

68.0 

18.5 

40.0 

8.0 

21.5 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

29.0 

6.0 

33.0 

224.0 

1900 

34.0 

6.0 

33.0 

26.0 

6.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

2.0 

38.0 

37.0 

182.0 

EMIGRANT  GAP. 


1878 

95.0   123.5 

17.5 

27.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.5 

5.0 

1.0 

65 

276.0 

1879 

72.0    36.5 

121.0 

77.3 

8.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

24.0 

24.0 

63.5 

426.3 

1880 

101.0    98.8 

97.5 

201.0 

34.2 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

3.0 

113.5 

649.0 

1881      

35.0    11.0 

54.0 

3.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

6.5 

24.0 

17.0 

150.5 

1882 

55.8    94.0 

166.0 

26.0 

1.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

6.0 

60.0 

21.5 

30.0 

460.3 

1883              

4.ii    40.0 

25.0 

14.0 

33.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

9.0 

12.0 

24.2 

161.2 

1884  

82.2  ;  102.0 

64.0 

48.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

6.0 

0.0 

36.8 

339.0 

1885 

14.5    0.0 

0.0 

1,2.0 

2.0 

2.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

36.0 

1.0 

67.5 

1886  

63.0    16.0 

69.0 

75.0 

0.5 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

15.0 

4.0 

6.0 

148.5 

1887 

21.5  !  188.0 

7.0 

24.0 

3.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

15.0 

77.0 

335.5 

1888      

38.0    1.0 

48.0 

19.0 

1.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

25.0 

132.0 

1889 

11.0    11.0 

29.0 

12.0 

50.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

6.5 

175.0 

294.5 

1890               

169.0    98.0 

68.0 

14.0 

14.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

2.0 

0.0 

44.0 

409.0 

1891 

170 

20.0 

28.0 

7.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

77.0 

1892 

41.5    15.0 

57.0 

12.0 

35.0 

2.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

3.0 

70.0 

24.0 

259.5 

1893  

35.0    54.0 

73.0 

56.0 

6.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

12.0 

0.0 

236.0 

1894 

101.0   155.0 

18.0 

26.0 

16.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

9.0 

0.0 

325.0 

1895  

179.0    14.0 

5.0 

16.0 

12.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

17.0 

35.0 

278.0 

1896 

14.0     T 

80.0 

115.0 

12.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

10.0 

T. 

16.0 

247.0 

1897 

27  0    73  0 

128  0 

14.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

10.0 

1898 

16  0    41  0 

12.0 

11.0 

2.0 

0.0 

0.0 

o.O 

0.0 

14.0 

15.0 

4.5 

115.0 

1899  

105.0    25.5 

106.0 

30.0 

12.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

10.1 

12.0 

47.0 

347.6 

1900  

20    20.0 

58.0 

33.0 

T. 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

4.0 

33.0 

25.0 

175.0 

220 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 


SNOWFALL  IN  THE  SIERRA  (IN  INCHES  AND  TENTHS) — Continued. 

SUMMIT. 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1878                         

100.0 

115.0 

30.0 

24.0 

16.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

4.2 

12.1 

8.0 

6.0 

315.3 

1879                                  

77.5 

57.0 

209.0 

45.2 

25.5 

1.0 

0.0 

T. 

0.0 

42.0 

56.0 

133.0 

646.2 

1880 

66.0 

'  75.0 

89.0 

298.0 

24.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

5.0 

62.0 

619.0 

1881                 .  .          

45.0 

16.0 

15.0 

10.0 

0.5 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

6.0 

26.0 

30.5 

43.0 

192.0 

1882                                   

65.5 

90.0 

193.0 

32.5 

6.0 

0.0 

•  o.o 

0.0 

7.6 

27.5 

39.5 

49.5 

511.0 

1H83 

10.0 

26.0 

72.0 

34.0 

33.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

9.5 

12.0 

32.0 

228.5 

1884                              

76.0 

127.0 

91.0 

126.0 

2.0 

6.0 

0.0 

0.0 

11.0 

21.0 

0.0 

94.0 

654.0 

1885 

14.0 

5.0 

1.0 

38.0 

10.0 

8.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

136.0 

30.0 

242.0 

1886                    

131.0 

14.0 

78.0 

64.0 

9.5 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

31.0 

17.0 

34.0 

378.5 

1887                                   

56.0 

207.0 

14.0 

58.0 

5.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

T. 

15.0 

116.0 

471.0 

1888                                                 -   .- 

92.0 

7.0 

80.6 

21.0 

4.0 

9.5 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

16.5 

39.0 

269.5 

1889                                    

10.0 

15.0 

95.5 

19.0 

63.0 

3.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

24.0 

61.0 

186.0 

475.5 

1890                                                 

192.0 

116.0 

147.0 

26.0 

25.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

74.0 

680.0 

1891                  

15.0 

138.0 

51.0 

46.0 

11.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.5 

3.0 

119.0 

383.5 

1892                                       

40.0 

34.0 

74.0 

45.0 

63.0 

2.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

6.0 

88.0 

95.0 

447.0 

3893 

79.0 

108.0 

145.0 

92.0 

21.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

3.5 

3.0 

36.0 

60.0 

547.5 

1894                            

155.0 

152.5 

34.0 

43.0 

24.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

5.0 

29.0 

10.0 

245.0 

697.  5 

1895 

258.0 

42.0 

47.0 

25.0 

24.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

2.0 

0.0 

14.0 

83.0 

495.0 

1896                  

105.0 

7.0 

97.0 

182.0 

54.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

4.0 

9.0 

123.0 

41.0 

622.0 

1897                                        

40.6 

143.5 

180.0 

12.5 

0.0 

7.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.5 

25.0 

26.5 

42.0 

477.  5 

1898 

40.0 

30.0 

52.0 

8.0 

29.0 

9.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

34.0 

25.0 

36.0 

263.0 

1899                                 

127.0 

52.0 

157.5 

17.5 

32.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

89.0 

29.0 

79.0 

583.0 

1900 

41.0 

38.0 

79.0 

42.0 

9.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

1.5 

21.0 

60.0 

15.0 

306.5 

TRUCKEE. 


1878        

46.0 

110.0 

16.0 

8.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

1.0 

2.0 

8.0 

5.0 

196.0 

1879 

53.0 

2.0 

32.5 

20.0 

4.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

14.0 

16.8 

45.5 

187.8 

1880 

29.5 

46.5 

46.5 

124.0 

6.5 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

4.5 

80.0 

337.5 

1881 

31  5 

18  0 

3  0 

0  5 

0  0 

0  0 

0  0 

2.0 

5.0 

27.0 

20.5 

1882 

62.0 

49.5 

120.5 

18.5 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

6.0 

8.0 

264.5 

1883        

10.5 

30.5 

10.0 

21.0 

9.5 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

15.0 

25.0 

16.0 

137.5 

1884 

66.5 

112.0 

44.5 

37.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

1.0 

0.0 

4.0 

0.0 

24.0 

289.0 

1885     

18.0 

2.0 

0.0 

14.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

34.0 

0.0 

68.0 

1886 

47.0 

5.0 

29.0 

14.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

8.5 

11.0 

8.0 

122.5 

1887  ' 

23  0 

122  5 

2  0 

20  0 

0  0 

0  0 

0  0 

0  0 

0  0 

0.0 

3.0 

48.0 

218.5 

1888           

23.5 

0.0 

31.5 

3.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

15.0 

73.0 

1889 

8  0 

14  0 

25.0 

10  0 

45  0 

0  0 

0  0 

0  0 

0  0 

0  0 

10.8 

132.0 

244.8 

1890     

162.0 

89.0 

38.0 

2.5 

5.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

33.0 

332.6 

1891 

12.2 

67  2 

28  0 

20  5 

4  0 

0  0 

0  0 

0  0 

0  0 

0  0 

0  0 

50.2 

182.1 

1892  

26.5 

12.0 

30.0 

19.5 

22.0 

1.5 

0.0 

0.0 

0.0 

T 

27.0 

23.0 

161.  5 

1893 

23.0 

75  0 

43.0 

33  0 

13  5 

0  0 

0  0 

0  0 

0  0 

0  2 

5.0 

17.0 

209.5 

1894 

77  0 

109  5 

22  5 

20  0 

0  0 

T 

0  0 

nn 

0  0 

0  0 

6  0 

139  5 

374  5 

1895  

107.0 

16.0 

15.0 

5  0 

10  0 

0  0 

0  0 

0  0 

on 

0  0 

5  0 

29.0 

187.0 

1896 

16  6 

4  0 

39  0 

90  0 

3  0 

0  0 

0  0 

0  0 

0  0 

4  0 

3  5 

18  0 

178  0 

1897  

23.6 

68.0 

95.0 

3.0 

0  0 

0  0 

0  0 

0  0 

0  0 

0  0 

4  0 

19  5 

213.0 

1898  .  . 

10  5 

34  0 

20  5 

2  5 

3  0 

0  0 

0  0 

0  0 

4  0 

0  0 

20  0 

15  0 

109  5 

1899 

78  0 

27  0 

54  0 

0  0 

0  0 

0  0 

0  0 

0  0 

0  0 

56  0 

13  0 

18  0 

246  0 

1900 

6  0 

8  0 

42  0 

12  0 

8  o 

0  0 

0  0 

0  0 

0  0 

4  o 

25  0 

27  0 

132  0 

SNOWFALL.  221 

NORTHERN  SIERRA  NEVADA. 
By  Mr.  J.  A.  EDMAX,  E.  M. 

The  relation  of  snowfall  to  water  .supply  can  not  be  predicated  upon  the  bare  statement  of 
precipitation  and  depth  of  snow  alone,  as  so  many  other  factors  must  be  taken  into  consideration. 
To  refer  to  the  reports  of  observers  to  the  Weather  Bureau:  What  does  an  inch  of  snow  stand 
for  \  It  may  mean  all  the  way  from  one-ninth  to  one-fourth  of  an  inch  of  water.  Again,  the 
absolute  water  contents  of  the  settled  snow  depends  not  alone  on  its  depth,  but  its  relative 
compactness  at  the  time  of  measurement,  and  may  vary  from  one-seventh  to  one-third  of  an 
inch  of  water  for  one  inch  of  snow. 

The  only  conditions  in  the  northern  part  of  the  Sierra  Nevada  under  which  a  heavy  snow- 
fall insures  a  steady  water  supply  are  as  follows:  First,  early  rains  beginning  in  October  and 
gradual  enough  to  soak  into  the  surface  without  running  off  in  sudden  floods;  second, 
abundant  snows  in  December  and  January,  with  occasional  rains,  so  that  the  snow  may  settle 
and  become  compact,  and  freezing  of  the  surface  soil  prevented:  third,  occasional  snow- 
storms during  February  and  March,  and  an  early  but  not  too  warm  spring.  Heavy  precipitation 
and  snowfall  under  other  conditions  do  not  insure  an  abundant  water  supply,  as  was  well 
illustrated  during  the  season  1889-90.  when  the  precipitation  at  Edmanton  reached  137.35 
inches,  and  the  depth  of  solid  snow  on  the  15th  of  March  attained  14  feet.  Elaborate  computa- 
tions of  the  precipitation  for  that  season  in  the  Feather  River  basin,  in  connection  with  a  record 
of  flow  at  the  Golden  Gate  mine  near  Oroville,  showed  that  only  30  per  cent  of  the  water 
estimated  passed  off  by  the  river  during  the  spring  and  summer  months.  In  this  instance  the 
spring  of  1890  was  marked  by  a  very  high  temperature,  and  the  first  deep  snows  of  1889  fell  on 
bare  and  frozen  ground.  The  general  water  supply  during  that  season  was  but  little  above 
the  average.  At  this  altitude  (4.750  feet)  and  section  of  country  it  takes  nearly  20  inches  of 
water  to  fill  the  surface  soil  and  start  the  deeper  springs  running,  and  even  more  after  a  very 
hot  and  dry  summer. 

The  above-mentioned  facts  are  well  illustrated  by  the  weather  conditions  during  the  seasons 
1899-1900  and  1900-1901,  as  will  appear  from  the  subjoined  tables: 


1899-1900. 

Total 
precipi- 
tation. 

Snow. 

1900-1901. 

Total 
precipi-      Snow, 
tation. 

October 

.  ..         15.38 

19.0  ! 

August  an<1  September            ,                 

0.25                   0 

13.09 

6.0 

October  

12.51                   0 

11.89 

22.0 

November  

13  13             20  0 

10.99 

0  1 

December  

7.70             22.0 

January  (to  26th  I  

16  75             94  0 

51.  & 

47.0 

1 

50.34            136.0 

An  inspection  of  the  above  table  will  show  the  precipitatioirabout  equal  for  the  two  seasons, 
but  the  snowfall  of  January.  1901,  far  in  excess  of  that  of  the  corresponding  month  of  1900. 
The  table,  however,  does  not  show  that  the  conditions  precedent  during  this  season  were  specially 
favorable  in  contrast  with  the  previous  season,  as  the  storms  of  October.  1899,  were  concentrated 
in  a  few  days  and  the  water  passed  off  rapidly  in  injurious  floods,  while  the  rainfall  of  October. 
1900,  was  well  distributed  over  the  whole  month  and  largely  seeped  into  the  ground.  The  rains  of 
December,  1899.  fell  on  frozen  ground  and  largely  ran  off,  while  in  December.  1900,  the  thor- 
oughly saturated  ground  received  a  cover  of  snow,  to  be  reenforced  in  January.  1901,  by  heavy 
snows,  now  (January  26)  averaging  4  feet  in  depth  at  this  station,  which  acted  upon  by  the  warm 
surface  soil  feeds  the  streams  independent  of  the  general  temperature  conditions.  Given  a  fair 
supply  of  snow  during  February  and  March  it  is  reasonable  to  predict  a  good  water  supply 
during  the  summer  of  1901. 


222 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFOENIA. 


AT  EDMANTON  STATION. 
By  Mr.  J.  A.  EDMAN,  Voluntary  Observer. 

The  months  of  February  and  March,  1901,  present  a  marked  contrast  to  each  other  in  regard 
to  precipitation  and  also  in  snowfall,  the  record  being  as  follows: 


Precipitation 

(inches). 

February. 

March. 

9.47  ' 
5.89 

0.68 
4.26 

Total                                                     

15.36 

4.94 

The  preponderance  of  rain  during  February  is  notable,  as  the  mean  temperature  for  the 
month  was  35.2°,  as  compared  with  40.1°  for  March.  The  rains  of  February  having  been  almost 
continuous  for  eight  days,  and  accompanied  b}'  strong  winds  and  a  mean  temperature  during  the 
storm  period  of  40.3°,  induced  a  rapid  melting  of  the  snow,  and  as  a  result  the  depth  of  snow  (70 
inches)  at  the  beginning  of  the  rainstorm  was,  at  its  close,  reduced  to  an  average  of  40  inches. 
This  reduction  in  the  volume  of  the  snow  I  have  estimated  as  equivalent  to  7  inches  of  water, 
making  a  run-off  during  a  little  more  than  ten  days  of  16.47  inches  of  water,  and  causing 
proportionate  floods  in  the  mountain  streams. 

The  precipitation  during  March  was  much  below  the  normal,  and  being  mainly  in  snow, 
added  10  inches  to  the  depth  up  to  the  15th,  which,  although  reenforced  by  a  light  snowstorm  on 
the  27th,  was  reduced  during  the  prevailing  clear  and  comparatively  mild  weather  of  the  latter 
half  of  the  month  to  an  average  of  30  inches  by  the  1st  of  April.  This  depth  of  snow  is  roughly 
estimated,  as  great  variation  occurs  according  to  exposure  to  sun  and  wind,  many  southern  slopes 
now  presenting  large  bare  spaces,  while  drifts  5  feet  deep  may  be  seen  on  northern  declivities 
and  in  sheltered  spots  in  the  canyons. 

Ever  since  the  high  water  of  February  the  streams  in  this  section  of  the  Sierra  have  furnished 
a  constant  and  but  slightly  varying  water  supply,  which  is  being  utilized  by  the  miners,  and 
which  is  apt  to  continue,  and  even  to  increase,  during  April  and  May,  dependent  on  the  temper- 
ature. The  precipitation  for  the  season,  up  to  date,  at  this  station,  is  70.68  inches. 

The  depth  of  snow  on  April  1,  within  a  radius  of  6  miles  from  this  station,  may  be  estimated 
as  follows:  In  the  zone  below  3,500  feet  altitude,  little  or  no  snow  is  found.  From  3,500  to  4,000 
feet,  but  little  is  seen  on  southern  exposures,  but  an  average  of  20  inches  on  northern  slopes  and 
in  the  hollows.  From  4,000  to  5, 000  feet,  about  one-half  of  southern  exposures  are  bare,  and  the 
snow  there  remaining  does  not  exceed  20  inches  in  depth,  while  the,  northern  slopes  average  fully 
35  inches  in  depth.  From  5,000  to  6,000  feet,  bare  spots  occur  on  wind-swept  southern  exposures 
to  an  extent  of  25  per  cent  in  area,  while  the  average  depth  of  the  whole  zone  may  be  given  at 
50  inches.  From  6,000  to  7,000  feet,  a  few  bare  spots  occur  on  windy  points,  while  over  the 
whole  zone  the  snow  probably  averages  fully  70  inches  in  depth.  Three  inches  of  the  old  snow 
may  be  estimated  equivalent  to  1  inch  of  water.  The  rains  of  February  extended  above  the  7,000 
feet  zone  in  this  region.  The  later  snows  have  not  reached  below  the  3,500  feet  limit. 

So  far  the  outlook  for  a  long-continued  and  regular  water  supply  within  the  Feather  River 
drainage  area  is  very  promising,  providing  normal  temperatures  prevail  during  April  and  May. 


SNOWFALL. 


223 


CALAVERAS  COUNTY. 
By  Mr.  C.  E.  PRINDLE,  Voluntary  Observer. 

The  snowfall  in  the  mountains  of  eastern  and  northern  Calaveras  County  is  several  feet 
short  of  the  average  up  to  five  and  six  years  ago.  The  snows  this  winter  have  been  light,  and 
the  rains  have  extended  higher  into  the  mountains  than  usual.  The  earth  contains  more  springs 
and  water  at  this  date  than  it  has  for  five  years  past.  There  is  more  water  in  the  Calaveras  River 
and  all  branches  of  the  Mokelumne  River  (except  the  North  Fork,  which  heads  in  Blue  Lakes) 
than  for  several  years  past  at  this  date,  it  being  mostly  rain  water  and  not  water  from  the  snows. 
Dependence  is  not  placed  as  much  on  the  snowfall  for  a  summer  supply  of  water  as  in  former 
years,  for  the  reason  that  great  forest  fires  have  been  so  destructive  to  timber  and  undergrowth 
of  late  years  that  the  snows  do  not  remain  on  the  ground  long,  but  disappear  from  a  month  to  six 
weeks  earlier  than  formerly.  Spring  rains  are  more  to  be  depended  upon  than  snow  for  a  summer 
supph-  of  water. 

Parties  who  have  to-day  returned  from  the  higher  range  of  mountains  state  that  the  snowfall 
is  very  light,  in  many  localities  there  being  none  at  all,  where  last  year  at  this  date  there  was  -i 
feet.  Snow  has  fallen  several  times,  but  being  followed  by  rain  it  did  not  remain  long  on  the 
ground. 

LAPORTE. 

The  following  record  of  snowfall  at  Laporte,  Plurnas  County  (elevation  5,000  feet),  was  made 
by  Mr.  Charles  W.  Hendel,  voluntary  observer.  The  record  shows  a  yearly  average  of  299 
inches.  The  snowfall  for  January,  1901,  was  96.5  inches: 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Total. 

Year.        •  Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Total 

1895 

176.0 

17.5 

43  0 

21  0 

19  0 

0  0 

28  0 

43  0 

350  5 

1899                 114  1 

26  9 

117  8 

25  3 

12  7 

27  3 

22  0 

52.9 

399  0 

1896  

57.0 

8.0 

73.0 

141.0 

25.5 

23  0 

12.0 

31  0 

370.5 

1900                   18  0 

22  9 

59  9 

28  9 

1  0 

6  5 

37  1 

28  2 

195  5 

1897  
1898  

45.0 
25.5 

90.0 
61.5 

111.0 
16.0 

18.0 
11.5 

0.0 
3.5 

19.5 
16.4 

6.0 
15  5 

16.0 
13  5 

305.5 
a!72  9 

Average  -    72.  6 

37.8 

69.0 

41.4 

10.3 

15.4 

20.1 

30.8 

299.0 

"  Includes  7  inches  in  June  and  2.5  in  September. 

CUYAMACA,  1888-1900. 
By  Mr.  G.  H.  NELSON',  Voluntary  Observer. 


Year.         Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Total. 

Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Total. 

1888                   36.0 

4.5 

17.0 

0.5 

58.0 

1895 

25.5 

2  0 

27  5 

1889  6.5 

23.0 

2.0 

0.5 

32.0 

1896  

48.0 

48  0 

1890                   14.0 

38.0 

0.5 

42.5 

1897. 

24  0 

8.0 

32.0 

1891 

1  5 

2  0 

5  0 

8.5 

1898 

''4  0 

9  0 

16  0 

49  0 

1892 

1.0 

1.0 

1899 

1  0 

12  0 

4  8 

17  8 

1893  

12.0 

36.0 

11.0 

59.0 

1900  

3  0 

3  0 

1894                    23  0 

a  0 

26.0 

0.5 

54.5 

1 

Average  tor  thirteen  years,  33  inches. 


224 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 


PRECIPITATION  AT  HIGH  LEVELS. 

[From  records  of  U.  S.  Geological  Survey.] 

CAMPO,  SAN  DIEGO  COUNTY. 
[Latitude,  32°  37';  longitude,  116°  30'.    Elevation,  2,543  feet.] 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1877 

2.29 

1.08 

0.91 

0.00 

0.50 

0.00 

0.00 

0.35 

2.44 

1878                                 

1.79 

5.45 

1.84 

5.75 

0.41 

0.00 

2.32 

0.01 

0.00 

0.31 

0.55 

1.29 

19.72 

1879 

2.18 

1.32 

0.60 

2.01 

0.00 

0.00 

O.Ov 

00 

0.00 

0.00 

3.00 

2.23 

11.34 

1880                            

3.00 

2.15 

3.56 

4.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.12 

0.    ' 

0.01 

0.68 

0.85 

4.85 

19.63 

1881 

1.74 

0.53 

5.00 

1.52 

0.12 

0.04 

0.07 

1.2, 

0.02 

0.73 

0.11 

0.24 

11.39 

1882 

3.10 

4.57 

1.01 

1.10 

0.18 

0.26 

0.53 

0.02 



1889                                               .   .    . 

4.65 

4.00 

0.45 

0.10 

2.50 

0.60 

1.10 

1.67 

9.34 

2  40 

7  25 

1  69 

0  90 

2  26 

2  67 

1  80 

0  95 

1891                                       .       .   -- 

0.00 

13.30 

0.50 

1.20 

0.75 

0.00 

0.00 

<i  16.  10 

0.00 

0.00 

0.25 

[3.  211 

[35.  31] 

1892 

4  55 

3  30 

1  25 

2  75 

1893                            

3.55 

3.65 

7.19 

1.54 

0.41 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.57 

0.11 

3.38 

2.08 

22.48 

1894 

5.89 

5.83 

1.01 

0.80 

4.38 

1.26 

0.00 

0.00 

1900                            

2.65 

0.10 

0.55 

2.07 

1.04 

0.10 

0.00 

0.00 

0.06 

0.28 

4.47 

0.00 

1901 

2.03 

8.22 

0.69 

0.51 

1.18 

0.00 

0.61 

0.63 

0.00 

1.02 

0.43 

0.23 

2.42 

4.74 

2.37 

1.90 

0.% 

0.15 

0.53 

1.86 

0.25 

0.46 

1.57 

2.59 

19.80 

CROCKERS,  TUOLUMNE  COUNTY. 
[Latitude,  37°  48';  Longitude,  119°  53'.    Elevation,  4,453  feet.] 


1896 

3.10 

0.14 

2.30 

9.18 

5.41 

1897 

6.56 

15.97 

21.80 

1.33 

0.00 

0.75 

0.00 

0.00 

0.45 

6.09 

2.70 

3.80 

59.45 

1898.      

2.60 

7.15 

3.74 

1.50 

3.74 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.58 

1.87 

1.85 

2.12 

26.15 

1899 

8.32 

1.00 

15.89 

1.50 

0.15 

1.65 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

8.10 

7.45 

11.38 

55.54 

1900  

5.98 

1.18 

4.28 

3.56 

1.80 

0.47 

0.00 

0.00 

0.62 

9.71 

17.43 

1.39 

46.42 

1901 

16  99 

15.  71 

3.03 

6.35 

3.81 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

3.28 

4.59 

3.90 

2.50 

60.16 

9.29 

8.20 

9.75 

2.85 

1.90 

0.57 

0.00 

0.52 

1.01 

5.44 

7.08 

4.43 

50.84 

CUYAMACA,  SAN  DIEGO  COUNTY. 
[Latitude,  32°  58';  longitude,  115°  35'.    Elevation,  4,800  feet.] 


1897..                .  ... 

6.32 

8.14 

8.56 

0.22 

0.38 

O.GO 

0.00 

0.00 

0.36 

5.09 

1.07 

2.46 

32.60 

1898 

5  47 

1  97 

4  06 

1  24 

5  97 

0  00 

0  00 

1.32 

0.00 

0.00 

0.88 

0.96 

21.87 

1899  

7.02 

1.53 

7.23 

0.98 

0.47 

2.96 

0.04 

T. 

0.00 

4.51 

3.45 

2.49 

30.68 

1900 

3  62 

0  26 

2  51 

6  69 

4  03 

0  10 

0  28 

T. 

0.92 

0.74 

11.97 

0.04 

31.16 

1901     

8.17 

13.26 

2.32 

1.24 

3.87 

0.00 

T. 

0.09 

0.08 

1.94 

1.48 

0.52 

32.97 

1887 

0  00 

0.78 

3.64 

6.00 

1888 

3  35 

3  12 

4  12 

0  21 

0  00 

0  00 

0  93 

0  04 

0  21 

3  82 

8  33 

13  30 

1892 

2.87 

3.76 

1893 

5  55 

9  13 

15  60 

1  00 

1  00 

0  00 

1  20 

0  30 

0  00 

1  90 

3  30 

2  75 

1894  

2  05 

2  05 

0  00 

0  00 

1  00 

0  50 

0  00 

0  50 

0  30 

0  00 

0.00 

12.80 

1895 

28  43 

4  60 

5  89 

1  10 

1  16 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

3  CO 

1  03 

6  01 

1  66 

18%  

5  77 

0  20 

3  01 

1  78 

0  92 

0  00 

1  <(9 

0  87 

1  06 

4  93 

3.45 

3.74 

Mean  

4  98 

4  43 

5  33 

1  45 

1  88 

0  36 

0  37 

0  31 

0  54 

2  25 

3  87 

4.21 

09  98 

DESCANSO,  SAN  DIEGO  COUNTY. 
[Latitude,  32°  50';  longitude,  116°  40'.     Elevation,  3,500  feet.] 


1896 

2  93 

0  10 

8  04 

1  14 

0  17 

0  00 

0  30 

1  38 

jO  03 

0  71 

2  12 

2  43 

21.35 

1897  

6  48 

6  27 

6  21 

0  16 

0  21 

0  01 

0  62 

0  04 

0  56 

2  83 

0.40 

2.90 

25.69 

1898. 

5  28 

0  89 

4  11 

0  90 

2  35 

0  00 

0  15 

0  83 

0  00 

0  00 

0  35 

1  00 

1899 

3  49 

1  69 

2  73 

0  25 

1  45 

0  15 

0  38 

0  25 

1  06 

1900  .  . 

4  00 

0  75 

1  25 

4  25 

2  69 

0  06 

0  00 

T 

0  25 

0  63 

6  50 

0  15 

20.53 

1901 

3  25 

11  00 

1  40 

0  57 

1  53 

0  00 

T 

0  78 

T 

1  25 

0  87 

0  12 

Mean  . 

4  24 

3  45 

3  79 

1  21 

1  40 

0  01 

0  °0 

0  57 

0  17 

1  48 

1  75 

1  28 

19.55 

("Cloud-burst;  rain  gauge  washed  away  and  record  incomplete. 


SNOWFALL. 


225 


PRECIPITATION  AT  HIGH  LEVELS— Continued. 

HOLfOMB  CREEK.  SAX  BERNARDINO  COUNTY. 
[Latitude.  34°  18';  longitude.  116°  58'.     Elevation.  5,220  feet.] 


Year. 

,  J.n. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

Ju»e. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1896                            

10  06 

0  61 

4.86 

0  62 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.66 

0.41 

18.22 

1896                           

1.56 

T. 

3.24 

1.02 

0.25 

0.00 

0.00 

0.47 

0.00 

1.70 

1.05 

1.82 

11.11 

1897 

3  35 

7  89 

3  42 

0  00 

0.11 

0.20 

0.00 

0.00 

0.38 

3.32 

1896       

3.05 

0.52 

1.27 

0.10 

1.46 

0.00 

0.00 

0.66 

0.00 

0.00 

0.57 

0.48 

8.11 

0  38 

o  '•'• 

ft 
I  14 

1  25 

1  20 

3.68 

L.<5 

2.79 

0.60 

0.60 

0.05 

0.00 

0.28 

0.10 

1.26 

1.13 

0.90 

13.24 

LITTLE  BEAR  VALLEY,  SAX  BERXARDINO  COUNTY. 
[Latitude,  34°  15";  longitude,  117°  10-.    Elevation,  5.150  feet.] 


1893 

1.21 

1.49 

2.55 

7.61 

1894                                         

2.48 

2.25 

3.16 

0.62 

1.34 

0.12 

0.04 

0.31 

0.52 

0.38 

0.00 

20.12 

31.34 

1895                

15.27 

2.01 

8.82 

1.31 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

2.65 

1.75 

31.81 

1896        

2.38 

T. 

4.21 

1.72 

0.47 

0.00 

0.00 

0.10 

0.00 

2.  •? 

1.38 

1.96 

14.54 

1897               

5.16 

11.74 

10.17 

0.03 

0.15 

0.20 

0.00 

0.00 

0.46 

4.10 

0.76 

1.20 

33.97 

1898 

3.80 

1.38 

2.49 

0.25 

4.56 

0.00 

T. 

0.62 

0.74 

1900 

1  39 

0  43 

3  42 

3.11 

4  63 

Mean              

5.08 

2.97 

5.38 

1.17 

1.86 

0.08 

0.01 

0.10 

0.44 

1.36 

1.33 

5.57 

25.35 

MORSE'S  HOUSE,  SAN  BERXARDINO  COUNTY. 
[Latitude,  34°  12';  longitude.  117°  12*.     Elevation,  5,350  feet.] 


1893                                                                   ' 

0.25 

2.44 

2.75 

14.73 

1894                                                 -         4.78  j      3.93        5.00 

1.37 

2.08 

0.60 

0.02 

0.74 

0.67 

0.47 

0.00 

26.77 

46.43 

1895                            18.00        5.85       12.74 

2.91 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

4.18 

3.11 

46.59 

1896        5.95        0.08        7.90 

2.63 

0.89 

0.00 

0.00 

0.46 

0.00 

3.83 

1.96 

2.73 

26.43 

1897                                                          9  34       20  14       15  61 

0  15 

0  18 

0  40 

0.00 

0.00 

0.73 

5  08 

1  85 

1898                                                          6.37        2.%        4.22 

0.70 

8.27 

0.08 

0.34 

a  74 

1.28 

1900                                                          2  20        0  44        3  83 

5.81 

8  64 

Mean                                             7.77        5.57        8.  •» 

2.26 

3.34 

0.25 

0.02 

0.30 

0.33 

2.03 

1.93 

8.41 

40.43 

i               1 

MOUNT  LOWE,  LOS  ANGELES  COUNTY. 
[Latitude,  34°  15':  longitude,  118°  07'.     Elevation,  3,200  feet.] 


1896                       

2.85 

0.10 

4.10 

0.60         0.30 

0.00 

0.00         0.10 

0.00        2.38 

1.51 

2.11 

14.05 

1897 

6.42 

7.47 

6.67 

0.19        0.87 

0.10 

0.15         0.00 

0.00        2.57 

0.40 

0.22 

25.06 

1898                       

1.55 

2.22 

1.65 

2.  70  "      2.  17 

0.00 

0.00        0.00 

0.25        0.30 

0.00 

0.98 

11.82 

1899 

3.29 

0.00 

3.40 

0.20         1.90 

0.40 

0.00        0.00 

3.00        2.85 

1900                       

2.90 

2.15        4.05 

0.40 

T.        0.00 

0.25        1.40 

11.71 

0.00 

Mean             

3.53 

2.45 

3.74 

1.17        1.86 

0.18 

0.03  i      0.02 

0.10         1.90 

3.40 

0.83 

19.21 

MUTAH  FLAT.  LOS  ANGELES  COUNTY. 
[Latitude,  34°  38';  longitude,  119°  03'.     Elevation,  4,850  feet.] 


1893                                               ..    

1.70 

0.00 

4.10 

1894                       0.54 

0.54 

0.30 

0.13 

0.79 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.85 

0.00 

7.33 

10.48 

1895                                                 9.  80 

0.78 

2.95 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.65 

1.60 

1.10 

16.88 

1896                       

0.00 

4.79 

3.50 

0.52 

0.00 

0.30 

0.00 

0.00 

1.75 

1.50 

2.80 

1897                                                     -         9.  10 

3.50 

3.59 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.30 

0.00 

0.00 

1.75 

0.00 

0.15 

18  39 

1898                           0.  60 

1.00 

0.80 

0.00 

1.02 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

2.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.40 

5.82 

1899                                       2.30 

0.00 

2.70 

0.50 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

2.00 

1.30 

2.25 

1900                 2.  80 

0.00 

1.95 

0.40 

1.80 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

5.00 

0.00 

1901                                7.  00 

4.60 

0.25 

i.eo 

O.J8 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

2.85 

0.65 

0.00 

Mean                     4.  59 

1.30 

2.17 

0.77 

0.59 

0.00 

0.08 

0.00 

0.25 

1.28 

1.12 

2.01 

14.16 

1176— Bull.  L— 03- 


-15 


226 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 

PRECIPITATION  AT  HIGH  LEVELS— Continued. 

PALMDALE  HEAD  WORKS,  LOS  ANGELES  CODNTY. 
[Latitude,  34°  25';  longitude,  118°  03'.    Elevation,  3,299  feet.] 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Annual. 

1896 

0.00 

0.25 

1.35 

0.32 

1.42 

0.43 

0.98 

1897 

3.78 

3.71 

1.31 

0.04 

0.32 

0.00 

0.03 

1.57 

T. 

0.86 

0.00 

0.14 

1898                                   

2.38 

0.07 

0.90 

0.00 

0.21 

0.00 

0.02 

0.05 

0.00 

0.00 

T. 

0.87 

1899 

1.00 

0.31 

0.97 

0.00 

0.00 

o.co 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.28 

0.27 

0.32 

4.15 

1900                       

0.65 

0.00 

0.80 

0.57 

0.76 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.20 

1.79 

0.00 

4.77 

1901                                   

1.34 

4.50 

0.38 

0.15 

T. 

0.00 

0.00 

0.33 

T. 

0.32 

0.04 

0.00 

1.83 

1.72 

0.87 

0.15 

0.26 

0.00 

O.OB 

0.55 

0.05 

0.68 

0.42 

0.38 

6.96 

SECOND  GARROTTE,  TUOLUMNE  COUNTY. 
[Latitude,  37°  49';  longitude,  120°  12'.     Elevation,  2,900  feet.] 


1883    

1.25 

4.52 

8.27 

2.00 

3.60 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.63 

0.75 

0.75 

1.00 

23.67 

1884         

8.00 

14.00 

16.00 

9.00 

1.00 

1.48 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

2.00 

0.00 

18.50 

59  98 

1885 

4.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.50 

0.00 

3.50 

0.00 

0.00 

0.25 

0  00 

18  00 

5  00 

32  25 

1886        

10.00 

1.00 

5.50 

6.25 

0.50 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

1.00 

1.75 

2.75 

28.75 

1887 

1.00 

13.75 

1.25 

5.50 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

r.  oo 

0  00 

2  00 

7  00 

31  50 

1888      

7.75 

1.50 

3.00 

1.25 

1.25 

0.25 

0.00 

0.00 

0.50 

0.00 

5.00 

4.25 

24  75 

1889           .  .. 

0.50 

1.00 

9.75 

0.50 

5.75 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0  00 

6  50 

5  75 

22  00 

51  75 

1890 

15.00 

6  75 

7  25 

2.00 

1  75 

0  00 

0  00 

0  25 

2  27 

0  00 

0  00 

9  00 

54  27 

1891              

2.00 

14.00 

5.00 

3.50 

0.25 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0  00 

0  25 

0.00 

11  25 

36  25 

1892 

2.26 

3  25 

7.00 

2  00 

6  25 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  25 

1  25 

10  00 

8  75 

41  00 

1893       

6.00 

7.25 

11.25 

2.50 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0  50 

0  25 

3  00 

4  00 

34  75 

1894 

10.50 

10  75 

2.25 

1.25 

3  75 

1  00 

0  00 

0  00 

2  00 

2  00 

0  50 

18  00 

52  00 

1895     

13.00 

4.25 

8.75 

2.00 

1.50 

0.00 

0.00 

0.00 

0  00 

0  00 

1  75 

2  75 

34  00 

1896 

12.00 

0.00 

5.50 

7  25 

0  25 

0  00 

0  00 

2  50 

0  00 

3  00 

6  00 

4  50 

41  00 

1897  

4.00 

10.75 

9.01 

0.53 

T. 

T. 

o.co 

0.00 

T 

2  75 

1  00 

2  50 

30  54 

1898 

2.75 

6.00 

2.50 

0  25 

2  50 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

2  00 

1  60 

1  50 

1  00 

''O  00 

1899 

6  75 

1  00 

14  00 

0  50 

1  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

6  75 

6  75 

6  00 

42  75 

1900  

5.25 

1.25 

3.75 

4  00 

1  50 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  25 

5  00 

14  00 

1  50 

36  50 

1901 

11  00 

17  75 

1  25 

4  00 

1  00 

0  00 

0  00 

0  00 

2  25 

2  25 

2  00 

2  00 

33  50 

6  28 

5  85 

2  94 

1  67 

0  33 

0  00 

0  14 

0  63 

1  86 

4  20 

6  93 

37  33 

UPPER  LAKE.a  VENTURA  COUNTY. 
[Latitude,  34°  41';  longitude,  119°  03'.    Elevation,  4,900  feet,] 


1891  

0  00 

0  95 

0  62 

0  71 

7  35 

1892  

3.93 

2.60 

2  84 

3  71 

0  49 

0  00 

0  00 

T 

1  17 

1893        

4  08 

5  19 

5  47 

2  37 

1  04 

0  00 

T 

0  00 

0  85 

0  47 

4  83 

2  82 

27  12 

1894 

10  43 

6  21 

1  80 

1  46 

1  02 

1  12 

0  00 

T 

0  53 

2  05 

1  13 

37  37 

1895  

14  92 

4  15 

3  20 

1  41 

1  33 

0  00 

0  05 

T 

T 

1896 

11  18 

0  80 

2  39 

6  01 

2  07 

0  00 

T 

0  87 

0  42 

1  04 

5  07 

6  47 

1897  

3.45 

6  35 

4  58 

0  42 

0  22 

0  97 

0  05 

0  00 

0  08 

1  67 

o  38 

2  61 

22  78 

1898  . 

0  93 

4  57 

0  36 

0  43 

1  90 

0  58 

0  00 

T 

0  60 

1  01 

1  66 

1899 

8  16 

0  25 

5  59 

0  90 

1  00 

0  05 

0  00 

0  03 

1900  

3  98 

1  31 

3  53 

2  13 

0  81 

0  35 

T 

0  00 

0  03 

3  96 

5  08 

3  93 

1901 

6  44 

4  75 

1  06 

2  43 

0  70 

o  oo 

T 

T 

Mean... 

6  75 

3  61 

3  11 

2  04 

1  39 

0  36 

"Upper  Lake  is  also  the  name  of  a  station  in  Lake  County. 


FROST.' 


With  the  possible  exception  of  the  loss  occasioned  by  insect  pests,  there  is  probably  no  one 
cause  of  loss  so  seriously  affecting  crops  in  California  as  frost.  Notwithstanding  statements 
sometimes  published  that  certain  areas  are  in  the  so-called  frostless  belt,  there  does  not  appeal- 
good  reason  for  believing  that  any  portion  of  the  State  may  not  be  visited  by  frost. 

The  losses  to  the  fruit  crop,  both  citrus  and  deciduous,  through  frost  have  been  so  large 
that  special  attention  has  been  given  to  methods  of  protecting  orchards,  and  these  methods  are 
discussed  in  detail  in  the  following  pages.  With  citrus  fruits  the  frosts  of  December.  January, 
and  February  are  to  be  guarded  against,  the  frtiit  being  ripe  and  ready  for  shipment.  With 
deciduous  fruits  the  late  spring  frosts  do  the  damage.  Almonds,  apricots,  grapes,  peaches,  and 
prunes  are  hurt  while  in  bud.  or  while  the  fruit  is  just  setting,  by  the  frosts  of  March  and  April. 
The  damage  depends,  in  all  probability,  as  much  upon  the  condition  of  the  tree  as  the  degree 
and  duration  of  the  cold.  For  example,  a  sharp  frost  during  the  first  or  second  week  of  April 
sometimes  does  less  damage  if  the  trees  are  fairhT  past  the  blossoming  period  than  the  same 
frosts  would  have  caused  occurring  about  the  middle  of  March. 

Attention  is  invited  to  the  excellent  table  prepared  by  Mr.  Samuel  H.  Gerrish,  of  Sacra- 
mento, giving  the  dates  of  first  and  last  light  and  killing  frosts,  also  the  dates  of  blooming  fruit 
trees  in  Sacramento  from  1869  to  1901. 

The  protection  of  gardens,  both  vegetable  and  flower,  is  also  important.  The  particular 
frosts  affecting  gardens  are  the  frosts  of  February.  March,  and  April,  and  it  is  pointed  out  in 
the  succeeding  pages  that  the  same  general  principles  used  to  protect  orchards  should  be  followed 
in  the  protection  of  gardens.  A  clear,  still  night  following  thirty-six  or  forty-eight  hours  of 
boisterous  north  wind  is  likely  to  be  followed  by  frost,  particularly  if  the  movement  of  the  air 
in  the  given  locality  ha-s  been  such  as  to  cause  a  settling  of  cold,  relatively  dry  air  strata  in  the 
hollows  or  depressions  of  the  land.  The  formation  of  frost  is  essentially  a  problem  in  air  drainage. 
and  if  by  any  means  we  can  prevent  streaks,  pools,  or  basins  of  stagnant,  cold,  dry  air  we  can 
largely  prevent  frost.  Frost  is  the  water  vapor  of  the  air  deposited  upon  the  plant  at  a  tempera- 
ture below  32C  F.  The  damage  to  plant  life  is  caused  by  the  falling  temperature.  The  water  vapor 
plays  the  part  of  an  index  only.  Indeed,  the  action  of  the  water  vapor  is  preventive.  Dry  air 
at  a  temperature  of  32°  F.  weighs  563  grains  per  cubic  foot.  Vapor  of  water  at  32 :  F.  weighs  ± 1 
grains  per  cubic  foot  at  a  saturation  of  100  per  cent.  Air  :it  a  temperature  of  25 :  F.  weighs  .">7i' 
grains  per  cubic  foot.  Given  a  little  time,  therefore,  on  a  still,  clear  night  the  loss  of  heat  Ir- 
radiation from  the  plant  surfaces  and  the  ground  will  bring  about  a  settling  of  the  colder  air  to 
the  bottom.  The  ground  will  be  covered  with  frost,  while  thermometers  6  feet  above  the  ground 
will  record  34  or  35-  F.  Vegetables  and  flowers,  therefore,  unless  grown  upon  sloping  or  ter- 
raced ground,  are  at  a  decided  disadvantage  compared  with  tree  fruit  in  the  matter  of  frosts. 

NATURE    OF    FROST. 

It  can  not  be  emphasized  too  clearly  that  it  i>  the  low  temperature  and  not  the  solidification 
of  the  water  which  does  the  damage.  If  there  be  but  little  vapor  in  the  air  there  will  be  but  a 
light  frost  apparent,  and  yet  the  temperature  may  be  so  low  as  to  cause  great  injury.  The 
so-called  hard,  dry  frost,  also  called  black  frost,  does,  as  is  well  known,  even  more  injury  than 

"Since  this  article  was  written  a  number  of  orchard-heating  devices  have  been  patented  by  various  frost 
prevention  companies  in  California.  Oil  fire  pots  have  been  tested  and  it  is  claimed  given  very  satisfactory  results. 
Gravity  oil  distillate  is  used  as  fuel  and  about  eighty  oil  pots  to  the  acre  will  insure  protection. 

227 


228  CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 

heavy  frosts.  Water  vapor  at  25°  F.  completely  saturated  weighs  1.6  grains  per  cubic  foot. 
In  the  fall  from  32°  to  25°  nearly  half  a  grain  per  cubic  foot,  if  the  saturation  were  100  per  cent, 
would  be  condensed,  appearing  in  visible  form  as  a  frost  flake.  A  certain  amount  of  heat  was 
given  off  in  the  transformation  of  this  invisible  water  vapor  into  ice,  and  an  exactly  equal  amount 
of  heat  (known  as  the  latent  heat  of  vaporization)  will  be  in  turn  required  to  change  this  frost 
flake  back  into  vapor.  We  give  special  attention  to  this  point  because  it  would  appear  theoretic- 
ally that  the  secret  of  successful  protection  of  garden  truck  and  delicate  flowers  will  be  found  in 
this  action  of  water,  both  in  setting  free  heat  at  the  time  when  the  temperature  is  falling,  and 
on  the  other  hand  in  using  up  heat  and  thus  acting  as  a  retard  or  brake  when  the  temperature 
begins  to  rise  quickly. 

It  is  now  quite  generally  believed  that  as  much  injury  results  from  the  sudden  warming  up 
of  the  dormant  and  thoroughly  chilled  flower  or  vegetable  as  from  the  chilling  itself.  In  the 
work  of  protecting  fruits  from  frost  it  has  been  found  very  necessary  to  interpose  some  screen 
early  in  the  morning  between  the  sun's  rays  and  the  frosted  fruit.  With  flowers  and  garden  truck 
this  can  be  much  more  easily  accomplished  than  with  fruit.  In  this  respect  the  gardener  has  a 
decided  advantage  over  the  orchardist.  The  following  is  an  excellent  statement  of  how  the  plant 
is  injured: 

HOW    FROST    INJURES   PLANTS. 

Low  temperature  congeals  the  watery  part  of  the  cell  sap  and  also  the  intercellular  water  content  of  the  plant. 
Within  certain  limits  this  is  not  or  may  not  be  injurious,  providing  the  protoplastic  contents  of  the  cell  are  able  to 
absorb  the  water  and  do  this  before  the  cell  structure  collapses  as  a  result  of  insufficient  cell  turgor.  Frequently  the 
frosting  of  plants  is  followed  by  a  sudden  rising  of  temperature,  in  which  case  much  of  the  water  which  was  part  of 
the  cell  sap  in  the  normal  condition  of  the  plant  escapes  through  the  cell  wall  into  intercellular  spaces,  or  even  from 
the  plant  entirely,  and  thus,  the  protoplasm  of  the  cell  being  unable  to  assume  its  normal  condition,  becomes 
disorganized  and  decomposition  follows.  (Prof.  E.  R.  Lake  in  the  Oregon  climate  and  crop  bulletin,  July,  1900.) 

PROTECTION  OF  ORCHARDS  FROM  FROST. 

During  the  past  five  years  the  Weather  Bureau  office  at  San  Francisco  has  been  called  upon 
to  give  particular  attention  to  the  problem  of  lessening  the  injury  to  fruits  by  frost.  I\v  direction 
of  the  Chief  of  the  Weather  Bureau,  during  the  year  1900  the  forecast  official  for  the  southern 
half  of  the  Pacific  slope  made  an  extensive  journey  through  California  with  the  special  purpose 
of  studying  the  methods  of  protecting  deciduous  fruits  from  frost.  This  journey  was  the  natural 
outgrowth  of  the  excellent  work  inaugurated  by  Mr.  W.  H.  Hammon,  formerly  professor  in  the 
Weather  Bureau,  while  in  charge  of  the  San  Francisco  office.  During  the  years  1897,  1898,  and 
1899  the  unusually  dry  winter  conditions,  with  frequent  and  prolonged  frosts  and  lower  tempera- 
tures than  had  been  previously  reported  in  many  of  the  chief  fruit-growing  centers  of  southern 
California,  made  it  imperative  that  some  steps  should  be  taken  to  minimize  .the  injury  to  citrus 
fruits  by  frost.  The  problem  as  presented  to  the  forecast  official  was  of  a  twofold  nature:  First, 
a  study  of  the  conditions  preceding  frost,  so  that  he  might  with  reasonable  certainty  give  timely 
warning  to  the  fruit  growers;  second,  a  study  of  the  methods,  means,  and  devices  for  protecting 
fruit  from  injury  by  low  temperatures.  The  first  has  been  solved  with  a  fair  measure  of  success. 
In  the  second  problem  the  Weather  Bureau  had  the  valuable  assistance  of  certain  practical  fruit 
growers,  who  willingly  and  readily  tested  the  various  devices  proposed  for  smudging  and  cheer- 
fully gave  this  office  the  benefit  of  the  man}-  practical  experiments  made  by  them  in  smudging, 
irrigating,  heating,  and  covering.  A  bulletin  on  frost  fighting,  by  Alexander  G.  McAdie  (Bulle- 
tin No.  29),  was  issued  on  March  13,  1900,  and  nearly  3,000  copies  distributed  to  those  most 
interested  in  fruit  growing.  A  previous  bulletin  (No.  23)  upon  frost,  when  to  expect  it  and  how 
to  lessen  the  injury  therefrom,  by  Prof.  W.  H.  Hammon,  had  been  issued  on  November  10, 1898, 
while  a  Farmers'  Bulletin,  No.  104,  by  Prof.  E.  B.  Garriott,  Notes  on  Frost,  was  issued  June  15, 
1899,  which  treated  of  frost  protection  in  general. 

It  has  become  evident  in  California  that  the  fruit  grower  must  possess  a  degree  of  intelli- 
gence certainly  as  high  as  is  demanded  in  any  one  of  the  usual  vocations  of  life.  The  successful 


FROST.  229 

orchardist  must  be  a  skilled  farmer  and  a  good  business  man  and,  at  the  same  time,  be  familiar 
with  the  chief  principles  of  modern  science.  He  must  be  chemist,  entomologist,  and  physicist, 
a>  well  as  fruit  grower.  In  the  matter  of  protecting  his  crops  from  frost,  for  example,  he  must 
know  exactly  what  method  is  best  suited  for  his  crop,  for  the  locality,  and  for  the  season,  and 
be  prepared  to  act  promptly,  or  else  the  greater  portion  of  the  year's  profits  will  vanish  in  the 
course  of  a  few  hours. 

In  what  follows  extensive  use  will  be  made  of  Bulletin  No.  29,  since  experience  has  shown 
that  the  principles  of  frost  fighting  laid  down  therein  are  essentially  correct.  While  this 
bulletin  was  written  chiefly  with  a  view  of  protecting  the  citrus  fruit  crops  of  California,  partic- 
ularly of  the  section  south  of  the  Tehachapi,  from  frost,  the  principles  hold,  as  a  general  rule, 
for  the  protection  of  deciduous  fruits  also. 

In  October  and  November,  1900,  an  attempt  was  made  to  extend  the  benefits  of  the  Weather 
Bureau  work  in  connection  with  frost  to  the  fruit  growers  of  central  and  northern  California, 
particularly  to  the  growers  of  almonds,  apricots,  peaches,  prunes,  pears,  apples,  grapes,  and  figs. 
Many  fruit  ranches  were  visited,  and  the  details  of  losses  by  frost  gathered  from  ranch  super- 
intendents and  others,  together  with  all  data  available  relative  to  the  exposure  of  the  fruit,  the 
lay  of  the  land,  and  th0  lowest  temperatures.  The  following  facts  stand  out  prominent!}'  from 
the  general  mass  of  statements.  First,  that  in  California  the  greatest  injurj*  is  done  deciduous 
fruits  by  the  late  spring  frosts  occurring  as  late  as  the  23d  of  May,  when  fruit  is  well  formed, 
frequently  resulting  in  the  loss  of  three-fourths  of  the  crop  in  the  case  of  the  more  tender  fruits, 
as  for  example,  almonds  and  apricots.  Second,  in  all  the  fruit  ranches  visited  rough  maps  of  the 
localities  showed  conclusively  that  the  frost  occurred  chiefly  in  the  low  places,  basins,  and  bot- 
toms, or  where  the  cold  air  had  drained  down  and  settled.  The  principle  laid  down  in  Bulletin 
No.  29,  that  frost  was  primarily  a  problem  in  air  drainage,  was  conclusively  upheld.  Wherever 
the  air  was  stagnant  the  injury  from  frost  was  most  marked;  and,  conversely,  wherever  the  air 
was  in  motion  there  was  little  damage  from  frost.  Fruit  on  open  benches,  hillsides,  and  ten-aces 
escaped.  The  streakiness  of  frost  and  the  many  apparent  irregularities  in  its  formation  can  be 
explained  easily  if  we  remember  that  there  are  currents  and  stream  lines  in  the  air,  and  that  these 
currents  mav  have  rather  sharply  defined  limits.  A  slow-moving  current  of  air  on  a  still  night 
in  an  orchard  that  appears  to  be  nearly  level  may  result  in  an  absence  of  frost  along  its  path, 
while  close  by,  where  the  air  is  stagnant,  frost  will  be  formed. 

A  third  particular  point  resulting  from  this  visit  to  the  ranches  was  the  confirmation  of  the 
belief  that  the  damage  from  frost  could  be  greatly  lessened  if  some  means  were  provided  whereby 
the  chilled  fruit  could  be  protected  from  the  sudden  warming  at  sunrise.  Some  rough  tempera- 
ture observations  made  in  ranches  at  about  the  time  of  sunrise  on  frosty  mornings  showed  a  rise 
of  as  much  as  10=  in  the  air  temperature  within  thirty  minutes.  It  was  also  noted  in  several 
ranches  that  the  areas  of  greatest  loss  by  frost  were  those  where  the  sun's  heat  came  suddenly 
upon  the  trees.  It  is  believed  that  much  fruit  can  be  saved  even  when  chilled  or  frozen  if  some 
screen  is  interposed  between  the  fruit  and  the  sun,  so  that  the  warming  may  be  gradual.  It  is 
even  admissible  to  thoroughly  wet  the  fruit  with  cold  water,  and  there  are  numerous  instances 
of  fruit  escaping  serious  injury  even  when  it  has  been  covered  with  a  thin  coating  of  ice. 
It  is  of  the  utmost  importance  that  the  thaw  for  an  hour  or  two  following  sunrise  be  gradual. 

The  following  methods  of  protecting  fruit  from  frost  are  taken  from  Bulletin  No.  29: 

METHODS   OF   PROTECTING. 

Every  fruit  grower  should  put  himself  in  communication  with  the  nearest  center  of  distribution  of  weather  fore- 
casts. If  possible  he  should  be  in  daily  communication  with  some  \Veather  Bureau  office.  Whenever  frost  warnings 
are  issued  for  his  locality  he  should  carefully  determine  the  temperature  and  dew-point,  as  elsewhere  described,  fre- 
quently during  the  late  afternoon  and  night.  A  good  outfit  consists  of  a  metallic  thermometer  so  arranged  as  to 
automatically  close  an  electric  circuit  and  ring  an  alarm  whenever  the  temperature  of  the  air  reaches  32°.  In  addi- 
tion to  a  reliable  sling  psychrometer  there  should  be  some  small  device  for  testing  the  motion  of  the  gentle  air  cur- 
rents in  the  orchard.  Too  much  attention  can  not  be  given  to  this  question  of  air  motion.  Many  smudging  devices 
have  failed  to  be  effective  V>ecause  of  a  slow  movement  of  the  smoke  awav  from  the  orchard. 


230 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 


PROTECTIVE    METHODS   BASED    ON    MIXING   THE   AIR. 


It  is  well  known  that  lowlands  are  visited  with  frost  while  hillsides  and  hilltops  escape.  Every  fruit  grower 
should  study  the  topography  of  his  land  and  plant  accordingly.  Wind-breaks  are,  as  a  rule,  considered  detrimental. 
No  hard  and  fast  rule,  however,  can  be  laid  down.  On  a  well-known  lemon  and  orange  ranch  at  Santa  Paula,  the 


FIG.  13.— Wire  baskets  in  citrus  grove. 


property  of  Mr.  N.  W.  Blauchard,  there  are  several  large  wind-breaks  which  have  proven  themselves  to  be  of  the 
greatest  benefit  in  protecting  fruit  from  frost.  It  would  almost  seem  as  if  the  citrus  trees  within  a  distance  of  50 
feet  were  directly  protected  by  these  wind-breaks.  By  planting  a  wind-break  in  the  proper  place,  defects  in  the 


' 


ffia  t 


FIG.  14.— Wire  baskets  hung  from  limbs  of  orange  trees. 


topography  may  be  overcome  and  air  currents  established  where  otherwise  pools  of  quiet  air  would  have  formed. 
A  wind-break  dense  enough  and  so  situated  as  to  interfere  with  any  natural  circulation  and  facilitating  the  formation 
of  still  areas  or  pools  would,  of  course,  prove  injurious. 


FROST. 


231 


PROTECTIVE   METHODS   BASED   OX   WAKMIXG   THE   AIR. 

A  large  number  of  small  fires,  advantageously  placed,  will  raise  the  temperature  of  the  air  several  degrees. 
The  Riverside  Horticultural  Club,  testing  the  various  methods  which  were  in  use  in  California,  came  to  the  conclu- 
sion that  wire  baskets  suspended  a  few  feet  above  the  ground,  and  holding  several  pounds  of  coal  or  charcoal,  made 
an  efficient  protector.  This  method  was  described  by  Mr.  Edward  Copely,  of  Riverside,  Cal.,  in  several  articles 
published  in  the  Riverside  Press  of  April,  1896.  The  cost  of  the  wire  basket  is  about  10  cents,  and  if  40  baskets  be 
used  to  the  acre,  the  cost  of  fuel  will  hardly  exceed  $2.50.  To  this  must  be  added  the  cost  of  labor  during  the  night 
and  succeeding  day  in  refilling  the  baskets.  In  the  accompanying  figs.  13,  14,  and  15,  the  baskets  are  shown  in 
position.  This  method  meets  with  most  favor  in  southern  California.  The  temperature  can  be  raised  certainly  3° 
or  4°  with  from  20  to  40  of  these  baskets  to  the  acre.  It  has  been  suggested  that  a  number  of  small  oil  lamps  be 
used  with  success  for  this  purpose.  Oil  pots  have  been  used  and  make  a  hotter  fire,  but  the  deposit  of  lamp  black 
upon  the  fruit  is  objectionable.  Some  cheap  modification  of  the  ordinary  plumber's  furnace  might  possibly  be 
devised,  which,  by  means  cf  a  moderate  blast,  would  produce  a  high  temperature. 

PROTECTIVE   METHODS   BASED   OX   CLOUD   OR   FOG   FORMATION. 

Damp  straw,  old  wood,  prunings,  manure,  etc.,  when  burned  briskly  furnish  an  effective  smoke,  and  if  the 
material  while  burning  is  doused  with  water  the  result  is  a  dense  steamy  smoke,  which,  while  trying  to  human 
lungs,  serves  as  a  screen  to  prevent  loss  of  heat  by  radiation,  and  as  a  barrier  between  the  chilled  fruit  and  a  sudden 


FIG.  15. — Wire  baskets  in  lemon  and  orange  grove. 

application  of  heat  at  the  time  of  sunrise.  Wet  smudging  has  been  tried  in  many  ways  with  varying  results.  There 
are  many  reports  of  failure  and,  on  the  other  hand,  some  definite  results,  showing  the  good  accomplished  by  this 
method.  Here,  as  in  all  other  methods  of  protection,  much  will  depend  upon  a  careful  study  of  the  local  conditions. 
Many  a  farmer  smudges  so  that  some  neighbor  get*  the  benefit  of  his  work,  while  his  own  fruit  remains  unprotected. 
All  motion  of  the  air  should  be  noted  carefully,  and  this  is  sometimes  difficult  where  the  smoke  is  very  dense.  In 
some  orchards  sacks  of  old  straw  soaked  with  oil  are  so  distributed  as  to  be  available  for  quick  lighting.  Portable 
smudges  have  also  been  devised.  Fig.  16  illustrates  a  portable  device  by  Mr.  Priestley  Hall. 

Mr.  Hall  has  made  an  efficient  form  of  sled  operating  on  the  wet-smudge  principle.  Upon  a  sheet-iron  sled  he 
has  placed  a  small  fire  box,  consisting  of  a  grate  4  or  5  inches  above  the  bed  of  the  sled,  over  which  pass  iron  rods 
bent  in  the  form  of  an  arch,  leaving  a  space  for  the  fire  about  14  inches  in  diameter.  This  fire  box  is  inclosed  in 
a  large  corrugated  iron  box,  which  has  the  bed  of  the  sled  (about  3  or  4  feet  in  size)  for  a  bottom,  and  sides  30  inches 
high.  A  door  is  made  in  front  of  the  corrugated  box  to  admit  fuel  to  the  fire.  The  box  is  filled  with  wet  straw 
or  manure,  and  a  fire  is  maintained  in  the  fire  box  when  the  machine  is  in  operation.  The  cost  is  about  $12;  one 
will  do  for  10  acres. 

PROTECTIVE   METHODS   BASED   OX    IRRIGATION'. 

Of  all  methods  proposed  for  the  protection  of  fruit,  excepting  wire  baskets,  irrigation  has  the  largest  amount  of 
evidence  in  its  favor.  It  has  been  tried  in  many  different  places  with  different  crops  and  has  generally  given  satis- 
faction. Where  water  is  not  very  plentiful,  ::n,l  thi?  is  the  case  strangely  enough  in  some  fruit  sections,  the  method 


232 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 


may  not  always  be  practicable,  but  with  this  exception  there  are  many  decided  advantages  in  the  generous  use  of 
water.  Injury  from  frost  depends  almost  as  much  upon  the  condition  of  the  tree  as  upon  the  severity  of  the  weather. 
Critical  periods  in  the  life  of  the  tree  can  be  controlled  to  some  degree  by  the  use  of  water. 

Some  fruit  growers  hold  that  heat  is  the  one  thing  that  is  desired  at  times  of  frost,  and  that  the  best  method  is 
that  which  produces  heat  by  the  simplest  and  least  expensive  process.     Water,  owing  to  its  high  specific  heat,  forms 


FIG.  16.— Mr.  Priestley  Hall's  device  for  smudging. 

an  excellent  agency  for  the  temporary  storage  of  heat  energy.  We  have  seen  that  in  the  wet  smudge  an  attempt  is 
made  to  utilize  the  latent  heat  of  vaporization,  and  theoretically  this  has  always  seemed  the  most  advantageous 
method.  A  modification  of  the  wet  smudge  is  steam  piped  through  an  orchard.  This  experiment  was  made  by  the 
Wright  Brothers  at  Riverside,  Cal.,  with  a  35-horsepower  boiler  and  a  main  pipe  2  inches  in  diameter,  from  which, 


FIG.  17. — Eight  miner's  inches  of  warm  water  in  orange  grove  at  Meaehaui  Ranch. 

at  right  angles  every  40  feet,  pipes  three-quarters  of  an  inch  in  diameter  were  extended.  It  is  claimed  that  the  tem- 
perature was  raised  3°  whenever  the  steam  was  turned  on.  It  is  also  said  that  the  coal  consumed  would  not  be  more 
than  the  amount  used  by  the  basket  method.  The  estimated  expense  per  acre  would  be  about  $75. 

The  latest  device  for  the  protection  of  citrus  fruit  against  frost  combines  the  good  effects  of  irrigation  with  heat- 
ing.   This  is  a  method  known  as  the  warm-water  method,  tried  at  Riverside.     An  account  of  the  experiment  follows. 


FROST. 


233 


EXPERIMENT  OF   MR.    ERNEST    A.   MEACHAM,    RIVERSIDE,    CAL. 

"On  the  morning  of  February  9,  1900,  at  the  Meacham  Ranch,  a  test  was  made  of  the  Meacham  warm-water 
method  of  protecting  citrus  fruits  against  frost  The  experiment  began  at  3.45  a.  m.  and  was  conducted  in  the  pres- 
ence of  a  number  of  gentlemen  belonging  to  the  Riverside  Horticultural  Club,  nearly  all  of  whom  were  orange  growers. 

"At  6.30  a.  m.  the  temperature  of  the  ground  100  feet  or  more  away  from  the  boiler  was  32°.  The  temperatures 
given  herewith  are  those  obtained  by  Mr.  McAdie,  of  the  Weather  Bureau,  with  sling  psychrometer  Xo.  70;  the 
number  of  the  dry  thermometer  was  4487  and  of  the  wet  4486.  The  plant  consists  of  a  12-horsepower  tubular  hori- 
zontal boiler,  laid  in  a  brick  furnace  and  arranged  to  deliver  water  with  or  without  pressure.  Cold  water  enters  the 
bottom  of  the  boiler  and  is  delivered  from  the  top  orifice  directly  into  the  flume.  The  fuel  used  was  crude  petroleum, 
of  which  about  50  gallons  were  used  in  three  and  one-half  hours.  At  the  rate  of  14  gallons  an  hour  and  an  estimated 
cost  of  a  little  over  4  cents. per  gallon,  the  actual  expense  of  fuel  for  the  experiment  was  about  60  cents  per  hour.  The 
oil  is  burned  with  a  steam  jet  under  pressure.  A  secondary  6-horsepower  boiler,  carrying  70  pounds  of  steam,  was 
used.  The  oil  is  thus  entirely  consumed  and  makes  but  little  smoke.  The  whole  arrangement  is  such  that  not  more 
than  two  men  would  be  required  to  attend  to  all  the  details. 

"Fifty  minutes  from  the  time  of  beginning,  the  water  which  had  an  initial  temperature  of  55.4°  was  raised  30°. 
Two  sets  of  temperature  records  were  made,  one  by  Mr.  Priestley  Hall  and  the  other  by  Mr.  McAdie.  In  Mr.  Hall's 
test  8  inches  of  water  was  run  in  50  furrows,  which  barely  ran  the  water  past  the  ends  of  the  furrows.  In  the  second 
case  8  miners'  inches  of  water  was  delivered  into  25  furrows,  thus  carrying  the  heat  farther  down  the  furrows  than 


FIG.  18.— Lath  screen  at  ranch  of  M  r.  A.  J.  Everest,  Riverside,  Cal.  (view  from  above). 

iu  the  first  experiment.  According  to  the  present  laws  of  California,  a  miner's  inch  is  -<?$  cubic  foot  per  second;  the 
'second-foot'  is  the  quantity  represented  by  a  stream  1  foot  wide  and  1  foot  deep,  flowing  at  the  average  rate  of  1  foot 
per  second.  A  cubic  foot  of  water,  maximum  density,  weighs  62.4  pounds;  a  gallon  contains  10  pounds  of  distilled 
water  at  62°.  The  data  obtained  by  Mr.  Hall  were  as  follows:  5.30  a.  m.,  normal  temperature,  34°;  normal  temper- 
ature of  water,  00°;  temperature  of  heated  water,  92°;  at  the  flume,  92°;  20  rods  from  the  flume,  58°;  40  rods,  52°; 
temperature  of  unheated  water  -40  rods  from  the  flume,  41.5°;  vapor  condensed  on  trees  early  in  the  morning  and 
more  condensed  on  the  trees  in  the  heated  plat. 

"Mr.  McAdie's  records  are  as  follows:  Time,  6.30  a.  m.,  air  temperature  varying  from  34°  to  36°;  temperature 
on  the  ground,  32°;  frost  was  observed  on  grass  blades;  initial  temperature  of  water,  55.4°;  heated  water  delivered 
to  flume  at  85.2°;  in  a  straight  line  down  a  furrow  200  feet  from  the  boiler  in  the  direction  of  the  wind  (motion  of 
the  air  was  very  gentle)  there  was  a  fall  in  temperature  of  14.2°;  water  vapor  was  observed  rising  to  a  height  of 
about  4  feet;  200  feet  from  flufne,  as  stated,  the  temperature  of  the  water  was  71°;  the  temperature  of  the  surface  soil 
4  inches  right  and  left  of  the  water  was  43C ;  temperature  of  the  soil  16  inches  from  the  water  or  in  the  middle  of  the 
ridge,  42.2°.  It  is  presumed  that  the  temperature  of  the  ground,  had  no  water  been  flowing,  would  have  been  33°, 
and  it  would  seem  as  if  the  soil  itself  was  warmer  by  nearly  10°.  At  the  end  of  a  furrow,  600  feet,  the  temperature 
of  the  water  was  54°,  or  there  had  been  a  fall  of  31°  in  40  rods;  the  temperature  of  the  ground  4  inches  from  the 
water,  38°;  16  inches  from  the  water,  36°;  temperature  of  unheated  water  50  rods  from  the  flume,  40°. 

"The  approximate  value  of  the  plant  was  $200,  and  it  is  estimated  that  for  a  plant  all  equipped  sufficient  for  a 
10-acre  grove  $600  would  cover  all  expenses."  (See  fig.  17.) 


234 


CLIMATOLOGY  OF  .CALIFORNIA. 


SPRAYING. 


After  frost,  or  rather  just  before  a  frost  has  ended,  a  spraying  device  can  be  used  to  advantage.  Its  chief  function 
is  to  prevent  a  too  rapid  warming  of  the  chilled  fruit.  It  is  said  by  horticulturists  that  even  the  light  coating  of  ice 
formed  in  this  way  does  not  seriously  damage  the  fruit.  It  is  very  likely  that  the  latent  heat  of  solidification  set 
free  by  the  change  from  water  to  ice  may  play  a  helpful  part;  but  the  chief  effect  is  to  prevent  a  too  rapid  thawing. 
In  other  words,  both  heat  and  water  should  be  supplied  to  the  chilled  plant  slowly  and  according  to  the  plant's 
ability  to  make  good  use  of  the  same.  At  the  A.  J.  Everest  Ranch  at  Riverside,  Cal.,  a  portion  of  the  grove  is  pro- 
tected by  sprinklers  at  the  top  of  50-foot  masts. 


FIG.  19.— Lath  screen  at  ranch  of  Mr.  A.  J.  Everest,  Riverside,  Cal.  (under  view). 
PROTECTIVE   METHODS   BASED   UPON   SCREENING   OR   COVERING. 

All  screening  or  covering  devices  are  in  effect  modified  hothouses,  and  there  is  no  question  but  that  a  thorough 
protection  can  be  accomplished.  The  expense  is  the  one  objection.  Screens  are  made  of  light  materials,  namely, 
canvas,  muslin,  or  light  wood  work,  and  have  been  used  with  considerable  success.  At  the  A.  J.  Everest  Ranch  an 
elaborate  structure  of  lath  screens  is  in  use,  illustrations  of  which  are  given  herewith  (see  figs.  18  and  19).  There 
is  no  question  as  to  the  value  of  the  protection,  but  the  expense  is  considerable,  averaging  perhaps  $400  to  the  acre. 
This  lath  covering  may  be  considered  as  forming  a  well- ventilated  hothouse. 


FROST. 


235 


KILLING    FROSTS. 


The  following  table  gives  the  dates  on  which  occurred  killing  frosts  during  the  year  1899 — 
the  last  in  spring  and  first  in  autumn — at  stations  recording  and  reporting  frosts.  The  blank 
spaces  in  the  table  indicate  that  there  were  no  killing  frosts  at  those  stations  for  the  period 
shown,  or,  in  some  few  cases,  that  the  record  is  incomplete. 


US00. 


Killing  frost. 

Killing  frost. 

Killing  frost. 

Station. 
Last  in 
spring. 

First  in 
autumn. 

Station. 
Last  in      First  in 
spring,     autumn. 

Station. 
Last  in     First  in 
spring,    autumn. 

Acton  Mar.  10 

Dec.     2 

Nov.  23 
Do. 
Oct.      6 
Dec.   12 
Dec.     3 

Oct.    31 
Oct.    15 

Dec.     9 
Dec.     6 
Dec.  18 

Oct.      2 
Oct.    24 
Nov.  16 
Oct.    28 
Dec.  18 
Dec.    2 
Oct.    25 
Oct.     1 
Dec.  18 
Nov.    8 
Dec.  20 
Oct.     2 
Dec.   12 

Dec.     5 

Oct.     9 

Oct.    14 
Dec.     9 
Dec.     1 
Dec.  19 
NOT.  27 

Dec.   19 
Dec.     9 
Oct.    15 
Oct.    11 
Dec.   10 
Dec.     6 
Dec.  20 

Oct.    26 
Dec.  10 
Dec.     7 
Dec.  13 

Dec.     6 

Florence                               "V 

[ar.  12     Dec.   10 
eb.     8     Dec.  18 
[ar.  18     Oct.    15 
[ar.  21     Dec.  18 
eb.     7 
[ar.    9     Nov.  23 
lay     1     Oct.    15 
[ar.  11     Dec.     6 
eb.     7 
pr.   29     Oct.     1 
[ar.  18    Oct.    15 
[ay     1     Dec.     9 
pr.   29 
[ar.   13     Dec.     9 
pr.    17     Oct.    13 
eb.     5     Dec.    6 
[ar.  18    Oct.    12 
[ar.  17     Dec.     9 
pr.   28     Oct.    15 
pr.   23     Dec.     1 
[ar.   19     Oct.    15 
[ay    11     Oct.      7 
pr.    28 
eb.     5     Dec.     9 
pr.   23     SepJ.    6 
[ar.   12     Oct.    24 
[ar.  18     Nov.  22 
eb.   22 
[ar.  11 
[ay   25     Oct.    15 
[ar.     7 
tar.  10     Dec.     9 
tar.    8          Do. 
Dec.  10 

Oroville                                Feb      4     Dec    19 

Agnew  

Folsom                                  F 

Palermo                                Mar   10         Do 

Alhambra  Feb.     7 

Fort  Bragg  .                      .      S 

Palo  Alto                               Feb     8         Do 

\lvarado  Slav     2 

Fort  Ross                                 N 

Paso  Robles                            Apr    23     Dec    20 

Alviso  Mar.  18 

Fresno                                   F 

Peachland                            Mar   10     Dec.  18 

Anada             Slav   15 

Frato                                     S 

Anaheim  Apr.  17 

Georgetown  .                        > 

Pomona  (near)                     Mar    14     Dec     9 

Anderson         Apr.   30 

Gilrov                                    \ 

Porterrille                            Mar   10     Dec    10 

Angiola  Feb.  10 

Grand  Island                        F 

Powav                                   Feb      7         Do. 

Aptos                    Mar.  10 

Greenville                             A 

Puente                                                        Do 

Auburn    May     2 

Quincv                                  Mav  •'0     Aug.  •» 

Banning  Feb.     6 

Guinda  S 

Raymond                                Mav  •"**     Dec.     1 

Bavles  Slav     1 

Hanford  .A 

Red  Bluff                                      Dec.  19 

Ben  Lomond  Mar.  10 

Hayward  .        .                       S 

Redding                               Mav     1     Dec.  14 

Berkelev  Jan.     5 

Healdsburg  -\ 

Redlands                              Feb.    5 

Biggs  Mar.  10 

Hollister                F 

Reedlev                               'Apr    28 

Boca  Slav     1 

Independence  S 

Repressa                               Feb     9 

Boulder  Creek  

Iowa  Hill                               S 

Riverside                              Mar     3 

Bowman's  Dam  Mav     1 

Jackson  A 

Rocklin                                 Mar    13 

Buena  Park  Mar.    4  < 

Jolon                                      A 

Romie                                      Mav  16     Dec.     6 

Burlingame  

Keene              S 

Rosewood                             Mar   r?         Do. 

Bvron          Feb.  12 

Kernville                                ^ 

<*acramento                          Feb     5     Dec.  18 

Cahto    Mav     9 

Salinas                                                       Dec.     6 

C'alistoga  May     1 

La  Grange  F 

San  Ardo                                               Dec.     9 

Campbell  Mar.  10 

La  Porte                               .A 

Capitola  do  ... 

Laurel      S 

Castroville  ... 

Cedarville  Mav   18 

Lemon                          .     .    F 

San  Luis  Obispo                   Feb      4     Dec.  27 

Chieo                    .           .     Mar.  30 

San  Mateo                            Feb      7 

Claremont  Feb.     6 

•  Lick  Observatorv         & 

San  Miguel                           Feb     9     Dec.  18 

Colfax                                    Mav     1 

Lincoln                                 ^ 

Santa  Clara                            Mar    17     Dec.     7 

Colton    Feb.     7 

Lodi                                      N 

Santa  Cruz                              Feb      6 

Los  Gatos                              ^ 

Santa  Margarita                   Apr     3  '  Xov.  27 

Covote  Mav  10 

Santa  Paula                          Feb     7 

Craftonville  Feb     6 

eb.     7 
eb.    6     Dec.  18 
tar.  11     Dec.  10 
eb.     7     Dec.  17 
Dec.     1 

Santa  Rosa                           Mar    17     Dec    19 

Crescent  Citv  June  19 

Menlo  Park  I 

Sargent                                        Dec.  20 

Cuvamaca  Star.  23 

Merced  > 

Selma                                    Feb     7 

Danville  Mav   20 

Milbrae  F 

Shasta                                   Mar   13     Dec    14 

Davisville  Feb      7 

Mills  College  

Soledad                                 Feb      6 

Dinuba  Mav     ° 

Milo    1 

pr.  10     Dec.  20 
pr.   2S     Nov.  30 
.     ..         Dec.  20 

Duarte  .     .          Feb      7 

Mokelumne  Hill  1 

Dunnigan  do  . 

Monterev  

Susanville                             Mav  25     Oct      ° 

Durham  Mar    13 

Moreno  Dam  A 

lay  16 
tar.  10     Dec.  10 
eb.    6     Dec.  17 
tar.  13     Dec.  19 
eb.     5 
lay     1     Oct.    15 
tar.  10     Dec.   18 
pr.  29 
lay     2     Oct.    24 
tar.  13     Dec.     9 
[ar.  IS 
lay     2     Oct.    30 
eb.     5 
pr.  20     Oct.    15 

Edgewood  Apr    29 

Me  .unt  Eden  \ 

Edmanton  Mav      •' 

Mount  Tamalpais..  ..        F 

El  Cajon  Feb      7 

Napa  > 

Ukiah                                    Feb      5     Dec    13 

El  Ca.«co  Apr    26 

Needles                                   F 

Upper  Mattole  do...    Dec.    9 
Vacaville                              Feb     9     Dec    19 

El  Dorado  do 

Nevada  Citv                .           \ 

Elk  Grove  Mar   10 

Vallev  Spring*                      Apr    28     Dec    18 

Elmira  

NUes  i 
North  Bloomfield  ....        \ 

\Vat«onville                                              Dec    19 

Elsinore  Mar    1'' 

We«t  Point                            Mav  '*9     Oct    1Q 

E-rondido  Mar    18 

North  Hill  Vineyard  N 
North  Ontario                        \ 

\\Y-t  ^aticov                         Feb     3 

Exeter  Feb.     6 

North  San  Juan  .\ 

Willows                                    Apr    26     Dec    13 

Fall  Brook               .              Feb.    8 

Oakland  F 

Woodland                              Apr      °     Dec      4 

Farmington                            Mar    13- 

Oleta  A 

Yreka                                       Mav  °0     ^pt     6 

NOTE.— Killing  frosts  occurred  in  every  month  of  the  year  at  Bodie.  Mono  County.  The  observer  at  Los  Angeles  reports  that  there 
were  no  killing  frosts  at  that  station  during  the  year:  the  first  heavy  frost  occurred  December  11.  damaging  vegetables  in  exposed  placet 
At  San  Diego  the  most  severe  frost  for  five  years  occurred  February  6.  but  did  not  damage  orchards  or  fruit  in  citrus  region. 


236 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 
1000. 


Stations. 

Eleva- 
tion. 

Last  in 
spring. 

First  in 
autumn. 

Stations. 

Eleva- 
tion. 

Last  in 
spring. 

First  in 
autumn. 

Feet. 
134 

Mar.  13 

Dec.  29 

North  Hill  Vineyard  

Feel. 
660 

Feb.     7 

Dec.  30 

208 

Feb.  10 

Dec.  27 

North  Ontario  

1,800 

Dec.   29 

Feb.     8 

Dec.  81 

North  San  Juan  

2,130 

Mar.  20 

Oct.    29 

4,600 

May  15 

Oct.   12 

Oakland  

14 

Dec.   30 

Apr    23 

Sept  26 

Oleta                            ..                 

1,510 

Apr.     8 

Dec.     1 

320 

Feb.  19 

Dec.  30 

Oroville  

188 

Jan.   24 

Dec.   30 

Bodie 

8,248 

June    2 

Aug.    7 

Palermo  

185 

Dec.  23 

5  500 

May  25 

Sept  20 

723 

Apr.  26 

Oct     30 

194 

Apr.     8 

Dee.  28 

Peachland  

220 

Dec.  28 

Apr.   10 

Sept.  26 

Pilot  Creek  

4,000 

June  21 

Sept.  20 

4,675 

Apr.   27 

Sept.  18 

Placerville  

1,820 

Feb.     7 

Nov-.  28 

Chico 

193 

Apr.   10 

Dec.  28 

Pollasky  

1,200 

....do... 

Dec.  28 

423 

Mar.  28 

Nov.  27 

Pomona  (near)  

857 

Feb.  12 

Dec.  17 

1  759 

Feb.     4 

Dec.   29 

Porterville  

461 

Feb.  11 

Dec.  28 

50 

Apr    26 

Nov    20 

3  350 

May  28 

Apr.     6 

Dec.     4 

Redbluff  

307 

Dec.  29 

4  543 

Apr    30 

Sept  26 

Redding 

557 

Feb.     9 

Dec      3 

Delta 

1,138 

Feb.     9 

Sept.    6 

Redlands  

1,335 

Apr.     9 

Dec.  31 

790 

Feb.     6 

Dec.  28 

Rosewood  

865 

Apr.   10 

Dec.  23 

180 

Mar    28 

Dec    23 

35 

Dec    31 

4  750 

Apr    24 

Oct.    29 

San  Ardo 

236 

Apr.   10 

Dec.  22 

1  609 

Apr      9 

1  054 

Dec    31 

126 

Jan      9 

Dec    27 

San  Francisco 

183 

Dec    30 

Elmira                                                  

75 

Feb.     8 

Nov.  30 

San  Jacinto  •  

1,500 

Apr.    ]2 

Oct.    28 

1  271 

Apr     8 

Dec    29 

San  Leandro 

84 

Dec    30 

111 

Apr.     4 

Oct.    29 

San  Luis  Obispo  

201 

Apr.     8 

Dec.  29 

182 

Dec    30 

San  Miguel  ... 

616 

Feb.   10 

7  1)50 

Apr    10 

Oct     24 

137 

Dec    28 

293 

Dec    31 

anta  Clara.             .                        . 

83 

Apr.     9 

Dec.  31 

May     1 

Dec    "8 

18 

Mar   27 

Dec    23 

2,750 

Apr      8 

Nov.  19 

Santa  Maria  

220 

Apr.   10 

Dec.   13 

Gilrov 

193 

Apr      9 

Dec    23 

286 

Dec    30 

65 

Jan.   25 

Dec    30 

Santa  Rosa  

181 

Apr.     9 

Oct.    29 

3  600 

Mav  28 

Oct      1 

Shasta 

1  148 

Nov    21 

249 

Feb.  26 

Oct.    25 

Sonoma  

30 

Apr.     9 

Dec.   30 

100 

Oct     29 

70 

Apr    10 

Dec    31 

Hollister  

284 

Apr.   10 

Dec.     4 

Stockton  

33 

Do. 

3  907 

Mar     7 

Oct     30 

20 

Feb    12 

Dec    23 

lone  

287 

Feb      8 

Dec.  28 

Summerdale  

5,270 

May  28 

Sept.  25 

Iowa  Hill  

2  825 

Mar     5 

Dec    31 

4  195 

Apr    27 

Sept  24 

Jackson  (near)  

1,975 

Apr.     8 

Oct.   29 

Tequisquita  Rancho.  . 

Apr.   10 

Dec.  23 

Jolon  

do 

Oct     23 

Thebe 

Mar    15 

Oct      1 

2  600 

May     9 

Sept  27 

Thermalito 

236 

Dec    30 

Kono  Tayee  

1,325 

Dec    28 

Tulare 

274 

Mar   28 

Oct    30 

Laporte  

5,000 

May  28 

Sept.    6 

Ukiah  

620 

Apr.     9 

Dec.  26 

Le  Grand  

255 

Apr      4 

Dec    27 

175 

Feb      7 

Dec    29 

Lick  Observatory  

4  209 

Oct       2 

Vallev  Springs 

C73 

Mar    27 

Do 

Lodi  

35 

Apr      9 

Dec    29 

213 

Apr      2 

Man  ton  

Apr    26 

Nov    15 

Visalia 

334 

Apr    10 

Dec    28 

173 

Mar    28 

23 

Apr      8 

Mokelumne  Hill  

1  550 

Apr      8 

Dec      2 

West  Point 

•>  3"6 

\pr      4 

Oct      7 

Moreno  Dam  

3,100 

Apr.   29 

Oct.    30 

H 

do 

Dee    28 

20 

Feb      6 

Dec    30 

565 

do 

Dec    23 

Nevada  City  

2,580 

Apr.   27 

63 

Mar     5 

Nov    29 

Niles  (near)  

87 

Apr.     9 

Dec    30 

2  635 

Mar    °9 

Sept   30 

North  Bloomfield  

3,000 

Apr.  14 

Oct.    29 

Yuba  Citv  

70 

Jan    24 

Dec.  29 

FROST. 
AVERAGE  DATES  OP  KILLING  FROSTS. 


237 


Stations. 

Counties. 

-^^ 

Eleva- 
tion. 

Average  date. 

Stations. 

Counties. 

Eleva- 
tion. 

Average  date. 

Last  in 
spring. 

First  in 
autumn. 

Last  in 
spring. 

First  in 
autumn. 

Anaheim 

Orange  . 

Fret. 

134 

320 

5,500 

194 

4,675 
1,200 
50 
180 
4,750 
1,271 
61 
293 
100 
284 
3,907 
2,825 
1,975 
35 
1,550 
20 
3,000 
660 

Apr.    4 
Jan.   28 
Apr.  26 
Mar.  25 
May  15 
Mar.  17 
May  10 
Apr.    5 
May  10 
Mar.  23 
Mar.  29 
Mar.    1 
Apr.     8 
....do... 
Mar.  23 
Mar.  15 
Apr.  15 
Mar.  12 
Mar.  21 
Mar.  20 
Apr.  17 
Feb.  20 

Dec.  20 
Dec.  15 
Oct.  25 
Xov.25 
Oct.   6 
Dec.   5 
Nov.  7 
Do. 
Oct.  22 
Xov.26 
Nov.29 
Nov.lo 
Nov.16 
Nov.21 
Oct.  25 
Dec.  16 
Oct.  25 
Nov.16 
Dec.  15 
Nov.15 
Do. 
Dec.  13 

San  Bernardino  .  . 

Feet. 
1,800 
2,130 
14 
1,510 
723 
220 
857 
3,350 
307 
1,000 
865 
35 
183 
201 
220 
5,270 
4,195 
620 
175 
84 
2,635 

Mar.  14 
Apr.  11 
Jan.     7 
Mar.  20 
Apr.     1 
Apr.   14 
Apr.     2 
May  15 
Mar.  27 
Mar.  17 
Apr.     8 
Feb.  16 
Jan.  25 
Mar.    5 
Mar.  10 
May    7 
May  10 
Apr.  14 
Mar.  12 
Feb.  20 
May   24 

Dec.  14 
Oct    15 
Dec.  20 
Nov.  19 
Nov.    5 
Nov.  21 
Nov.  20 
Sept  14 
Dec.  16 
Dec.  20 
Nov.    7 
Nov.  15 
Dec.  10 
Nov.  18 
Nov.  25 
Oct.    17 
Sept.  22 
Nov.    1 
Dec.  21 
Nov.  26 
Sept.  26 

Berkeley  

Alameda  

Bowman's  Dam  

Nevada  

Oakland 

Campbell  

Santa  Clara  

Oleta 

Cedarville  . 

Modoc 

Paso  Robles  (near)  .  .  . 

San  Luis  Obispo  .  . 

Claremont  

Los  Angeles  .  . 

Crescent  Citv  .  . 

T)pl  Knrtp 

Dnrhflm      ,                          Rnttf 

Edmanton  Plumas  

i  Redbluff 

Tehama 

Elsinore  Riverside.. 

Riverside 

Riverside 

Tviirpbfi                                  HiimhnlHt 

Tphftinrt 

Fresno  

Fresno  . 

Sonoma 

San  Francisco  
San  Luis  Obispo  .  . 
Santa  Barbara  
Mariposa 

Hollister  

San  Benito 

Independence  
Iowa  Hill  .  . 

Inyo  

Placer 

Santa  Maria  

Jackson  (near)  

Amador  

Lodi  

San  Joaquin  

T-ki»h 

Mokelumne  Hill  
Napa(S.  H.)  

North  Bloomfield  
North  Hill  Vineyard. 

Calaveras  

Vacaville  

Solano.  . 

Napa  
Nevada  

Wheatland 

Yuba 

Yreka... 

"siskivou 

FOG. 


One  of  the  most  marked  atmospheric  conditions  with  which  the  forecaster  has  to  deal  on 
the  coast  of  California  is  fog.  Particularly  in  the  vicinity  of  San  Francisco  are  the  effects 
of  the  fog  noticeable.  Owing  to  the  peculiar  topography  of  this  section,  there  are  certain 
well-marked  stream  lines  in  the  general  movement  of  the  air  from  west  to  east;  and  in  these 
streams  great  masses  of  the  condensed-water  vapor  lying  beyond  the  heads  and  along  the  coast 
are  carried  in  through  the  Golden  Gate.  There  are  times  when,  judging  from  such  reports  as 
are  available,  fog  prevails  along  the  entire  Pacific  coast.  On  the  daily  weather  map  which  is 
issued  at  San  Francisco  attention  has  been  called  several  times  within  the  last  few  years  to  the 
fact  that  nearly  every  coast  station  reported  fog,  thus  indicating  the  presence  of  a  bank  of  fog  at 
sea  from  1,100  to  1,600  miles  in  length.  The  distance  seaward  to  which  this  fog  extended  is 
not  known,  but  from  the  records  contained  in  logs  of  vessels  sailing  from  San  Francisco  it  is 
thought  that  an  average  value  would  be  about  50  miles.  Now,  fog,  whether  it  appears  for  a 
few  hours  at  certain  seasons,  as  in  the  harbors  of  the  Atlantic  coast,  or  regularly  on  summer 
afternoons  and  winter  mornings  along  the  Pacific  coast,  and  whether  it  lies  in  sharply  defined 
.streams  and  strata,  as  at  San  Francisco,  or  in  ill-defined  general  banks,  as  off  Newfoundland, 
indicates  certain  sharp  contrasts  of  temperature  and  air  motion.  On  the  Pacific  coast  there  are 
several  well-marked  types  of  fog — the  summer  afternoon  fog,  moving  from  the  sea  to  the  land: 
the  morning  winter  land  or  tule  fogs,  which  move  seaward,  and  occasional  nondescript  smoke 
fogs  near  the  larger  cities.  / 

At  Mount  Tamalpais  we  are  able  to  look  down  upon  the  fog  streaming  through  the 
Golden  Gate.  On  one  side  the  ocean  maintains  a  temperature  of  about  55C  F.,  while  inland 
the  temperature  is  much  higher.  Some  illustrations  of  the  fog  effects  as  photographed  at 
the  Weather  Bureau  Observatory  were  published  in  the  Monthly  Weather  Review  for  July 
and  November.  1900.  and  January.  February,  and  March,  1901,  and  are  here  reproduced. 

The  differences  in  temperature,  humidity,  and  air  motion  are  so  marked  within  comparatively 
small  distances,  both  horizontally  and  vertically,  in  the  bay  district  that  it  seemed  advisable 
to  tabulate  in  comparative  form  the  meteorological  elements  for  a  year  at  the  higher  station 
(elevation  approximately  half  a  mile)  and  the  station  at  sea  level.  The  present  paper  aims 
to  present,  with  some  photographic  evidence  of  fog  forms  and  drifts,  a  rough  study  of  the 
air  drainage  of  the  locality  in  which  fog  streams  and  counter  streams  are  of  such  frequent 
occurrence  that  they  serve  excellently  as  exponents  of  air  motion.  The  topography  of  the 
section  is  remarkable,  because  of  the  close  juxtaposition  of  ocean,  bay.  mountain,  and  foothill. 
A  valley,  level  as  a  table,  450  miles  long  and  50  miles  wide,  having  afternoon  temperatures  of  100° 
or  over,  is  connected  by  a  narrow  water  passage  with  the  Pacific  Ocean,  the  mean  temperature 
of  the  water  in  this  locality  being  55°.  Thus  within  a  distance  of  50  miles  in  a  horizontal 
direction  there  is  frequently  a  difference  of  45-  in  temperature,  while  in  a  vertical  direction  there 
is  often  a  difference  of  GOC  in  an  elevation  of  half  a  mile.  High  bluffs,  ridges,  and  headlands  are 
at  such  an  angle  to  the  prevailing  strong  westerly  surface  air  currents  that  an  air  stream  is  forced 
with  increased  velocity  through  the  Golden  Gate,  and  there  must  of  necessity  be  considerable 
piling  up  of  both  air  and  water  vapor  at  this  point.  The  locality  may  indeed  be  considered  as  a 
natural  laboratory  in  which  experiments  connected  with  cloudy  condensation  of  water  vapor  are 
daily  wrought,  and  it  is  therefore  of  more  than  passing  interest  to  the  meteorologist. 

239 


240 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 


Much  faithful  work  has  been  done  in  physical  laboratories  on  the  behavior  of  water  vapor  at 
varying  volumes,  pressures,  and  temperatures.  Regnault,  Thomson,  Broch,  Aitken,  Kiessling, 
K.  von  Helmholtz,  Hertz,  Rayleigh,  Von  Bezold,  Barus,  Marvin,  and  others  have  worked  upon 
the  change  of  state  from  vapor  to  liquid  and  from  liquid  to  solid;  and  while  man}^  irregularities 
are  noted  in  the  behavior  of  water  vapor,  the  general  problems  of  decreasing  volumes  and 
increasing  pressures  until  condensation  points  are  reached  have  been  solved,  and  it  is  well 
understood  that  the  vapor-liquid  and  liquid-solid  condensations  are  in  themselves  but  two  phases 
in  a  chain  of  condensation  phenomena.  The  problem  of  fog  is  therefore  a  limited  one.  It  may 
be  considered  as  a  special  case  of  cloud  development,  occurring  in  the  first  and  second  stages  of 
Hertz,  viz,  the  unsaturated  and  saturated  stages.  Condensation  in  the  free  air,  as  in  these  fog 
formations,  takes  place  under  conditions  different  from  those  obtaining  in  the  laboratory.  There 
are  no  fixed  restraining  walls,  though  the  strongly  stratified  outlines  suggest  sharply  limited  air 
streams.  Again,  saturation  as  it  occurs  in  free,  constantly  changing  air  and  true  adiabatic 
saturation  are  not  identical.  Saturation  in  the  free  air  must  be  studied  under  disadvantageous 
circumstances,  for  the  work  must  be  done  at  a  distance,  with  instruments  neither  sufficiently 
delicate  nor  accurate,  and  there  is  no  control  of  conditions  possible.  In  passing  it  may  be  noted 
that,  except  for  traces  of  salt,  the  air  of  the  section  under  consideration  is  partially  filtered,  as 
it  presumably  comes  from  off  the  broad  ocean  and  is  as  free  from  land  dust  and  smoke  as  normal 
air  can  be.  Offshore  winds  are  infrequent  and  light. 

An  attempt  has  been  made  at  the  Mount  Tamalpais  station  to  correlate  the  surface 
pressure  conditions  with  fog.  A  typical  pressure  distribution  accompanying  sea  fogs  has  been 
recognized.  In  general,  a  movement  southward  along  the  coast  of  an  area  of  high  pressure  in 
summer  means  fresh  northerly  winds  and  high  temperature  in  the  interior  of  the  State,  with 
brisk  westerly  winds,  laden  with  fog,  on  the  coast. 

An  excellent  illustration  of  a  successful  forecast  of  fog  may  be  found  in  connection  with  the 
daily  weather  map  of  June  30,  1899,  and  also  July  1,  1899.  It  should,  however,  be  stated  that 
fog  does  not  always  occur  with  these  typical  fog  maps.  For  example,  on  June  28,  1899,  the 
pressure  distribution  was  such  as  to  lead  to  the  expectation  of  fog,  but  no  fog  was  reported  on 
this  date. 

COMPARATIVE    DATA    FOR   SAN    FRANCISCO    AND   MOUNT   TAMALPAIS. 

In  Bulletin  No.  28  issued  by  the  Weather  Bureau,  entitled  "The  Climate  of  San  Francisco," 
meteorological  data  pertaining  to  the  city  of  San  Francisco  are  given  up  to  the  beginning  of 
1899.  It  is  not  necessary  to  repeat  here  these  records;  but  the  data  for  1899,  being  available, 
possess  special  interest: 


Year  and  month. 

Mean  monthly  tem- 
peratures. 

Year  and  month. 

Mean  monthly  tem- 
peratures. 

Year  and  month. 

Mean  monthly  tem- 
peratures. 

Mount 
Tamalpais. 

San  Fran- 
cisco. 

Mount 
Tamalpais. 

San  Fran- 
cisco. 

Mount       San  Fran- 
Tamalpais.       Cisco. 

1899. 
January  

47.8 
47.6 
44.6 
51.6 
51.2 

53.0 
51.6 
52.2 
54.6 
52.6 

1899. 

66.8 
71.0 
61.4 
73.2 
55.3 

56.9 
55.9 
58.3 
58.2 
59.3 

1899. 

49.4                  56.8 
47.7                  49.6 

February  

July  .  . 

December 

April  

55.  6                  54.  9 

May  

These  temperatures,  compared  with  those  of  1898,  show  that  the  annual  mean  temperature 
of  both  stations  for  the  two  years  is  practically  55°,  which  is  also  the  mean  annual  temperature, 
so  far  as  we  can  judge  from  somewhat  scattered  data,  of  the  ocean  in  the  vicinity  of  San  Fran- 
cisco. The  temperature  of  the  lower  station  naturally  approximates  sea  conditions  throughout 
the  year,  while  the  departures  at  the  more  elevated  station  are  marked  in  both  winter  and 
summer. 


FOG.  241 

The  highest  temperature  recorded  on  the  mountain  during  the  year  was  96°,  on  July  18: 
the  maximum  temperature  on  the  same  date  at  San  Francisco  being  66C,  and  at  Point  Reyes  52°. 
It  is  worthy  of  note  than  within  so  short  a  distance  as  25  miles,  between  Mount  Tamalpais  and 
Point  Reyes,  there  should  be  a  difference  of  44C.  The  highest  temperature  recorded  at  San 
Francisco  during  1899-was  94°  on  October  8,  while  on  this  date  the  maximum  temperature  on 
Mount  Tamalpais  was  88C,  and  at  Point  Reyes  74C.  The  lowest  temperature  recorded  during 
the  year  on  the  mountain  was  23C,  on  February  4,  and  on  the  same  date  34°  at  San  Francisco 
and  at  Point  Rej^es.  The  minimum  temperature  was,  therefore,  11°  lower  at  the  higher  station. 
As  has  been  elsewhere  stated,  during  summer  months  there  is  very  frequently,  owing  to  the  fog, 
a  cooling  of  llc  at  the  lower  station.  In  all  of  these  instances  the  retarding  influence  of  the 
water  is  apparent,  in  summer  the  temperature  near  the  sea  remaining  cool,  and  comparatively 
warm  in  winter. 

Including  every  day  in  the  month  of  June  there  was  found  to  be  a  mean  daily  difference  of 
11.4",  or  in  other  words  from  the  data  obtained  by  means  of  this  mountain  station,  checked  by 
data  from  Point  Reyes  and  Mount  Hamilton, 'the  temperature  rose  at  the  rate  of  1°  for  every 
203  feet  of  elevation.  This  increase  held  at  least  up  to  2,380  feet. 

If  we  consider  only  those  days  in  the  month  (twenty-four)  when  there  was  a  rise  with  eleva- 
tion, we  have  for  the  mean  daily  difference  in  temperature  between  Mount  Tamalpais  and  San 
Francisco  15.3°,  i.  e.,  the  temperature  rises  lc  for  every  155  feet  elevation.  This  may  be 
adopted  as  a  working  normal  summer-day  gradient. 

For  days  when  there  was  a  decrease  in  temperature  with  elevation,  six  in  all,  we  find  a  differ- 
ence of  5.9°,  or  there  was  1°  fall  for  every  402  feet,  which,  it  may  be  noted,  is  not  quite  as  steep 
a  gradient  as  values  generally  given  in  text-books,  1°  for  every  300  feet. 

We  notice  first  that  periods  of  rainy  or  cloud}-  and  cold  weather  occur  when  the  surface 
temperatures  are  higher  than  those  of  the  upper  level.  It  would  seem  as  if  at  these  times  the 
different  air  strata  from  sea  level  to  2,500  feet  had  been  intermingled  to  some  degree  and  the  cold 
layer  usually  existing  close  to  the  surface  had  been  ternporaril\T  displaced. 

Fogs  seem  to  occur  at  times  of  steep  inverted  gradients;  in  other  words,  when  the  tempera- 
ture of  the  2,500-foot  level  is  considerably  higher  than  at  sea  level. 

The  conclusion  to  be  drawn  from  what  precedes  is  that  the  summer  fogs  of  San  Francisco 
result  from  the  chilling  of  the  upper  warm  air  over  the  ocean  by  the  water,  particularly  the  cold 
current  close  to  the  shore.  The  strong  indraft  through  the  Golden  Gate  on  summer  afternoons  (see 
charts  of  hourly  wind  velocity,  3  to  7  p.  m.,  fig.  6)  carries  with  it  the  fog.  The  movement  of 
the  lower  fog-laden  air  eastward  and  into  the  valley  is  compensated  by  a  westward  air  movement 
at  higher  levels.  The  great  difference  of  temperature  between  the  valley  and  the  ocean,  often 
50°  within  as  many  miles,  is  probably  the  prime  factor  in  controlling  the  circulation. 

The  mountain,  as  might  be  supposed,  is  the  drier  station,  the  mean  relative  humidity  being 
59  per  cent,  while  it  is  83  per  cent  at  San  Francisco.  Especially  during  the  summer  months  is 
the  difference  noticeable,  and,  doubtless,  it  is  this  dryness  which  causes  such  an  agreeable 
"change  of  climate''  to  visitors  at  this  season.  The  difference  may  perhaps  be  stated  more 
clearly  in  this  way:  The  weight  of  water  vapor  per  cubic  foot  varies  from  1.9  grains  to  3.5  grains 
on  the  mountain  during  the  year,  while  at  San  Francisco  it  varies  from  3.3  grains  to  4.4  grains. 
The  average  hourly  wind  velocity  seems  to  increase  with  elevation,  the  values  for  the  mountain 
station  far  exceeding  those  of  the  lower  station.  The  maximum  velocities  recorded  are.  respec- 
tively. 91  and  47  miles  per  hour.  The  total  wind  movement  was  177,017  miles  at  Mount 
Tamalpais  and  96,602  miles  at  San  Francisco. 

1176— Bull.  Lr— 03 16 


242 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 


COMPARATIVE  DATA. 

MOUNT  TAMALPAJS,  1899. 


Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

An- 
nual. 

27.  62 

*27.65 

27.53 

27.54 

27.53 

27.51 

27.50 

27.49 

27.56 

27.52 

27.55 

27.62 

27.55 

51.8 

53.3 

49.5 

58.6 

58.1 

73.9 

78.2 

68.5 

79.9 

CO.  7 

52.9 

52.3 

6h5 

43.8 

41.9 

39.6 

44.7 

44.3 

59.6 

63.7 

54.2 

66.6 

49.9 

45.9 

43.1 

49.8 

47.8 

47.6 

44.6 

51.6 

51.2 

66.8 

71.0 

61.4 

73.3 

56.3 

49.4 

47.7 

55.7 

69 

71 

69 

77 

82 

86 

96 

79 

92 

88 

61 

64 

96 

32 

23 

32 

32 

33 

41 

46 

45 

47 

. 

40 

34 

23 

34 

29 

36 

35 

35 

39 

33 

39 

32 

37 

46 

41 

36 

70 

56 

77 

68 

62 

43 

30 

50 

29 

63 

91 

80 

59 

5.92 

0.28 

10.38 

1.89 

1.70 

0.29 

0.00 

0.01 

0.00 

4.2'' 

7.48 

4.65 

36.86 

1.54 

0.14 

2.51 

0.53 

1.39 

0.24 

0.00 

0.01 

0.00 

l.: 

2.51 

0.83 

2.51 

6.0 

3.4 

6.7 

4.7 

4.1 

1.8 

1.2 

2.3 

2.0 

-|. 

8.0 

4.6 

4.1 

24  0 

23.2 

22.8 

19.8 

22.9 

19.8 

17.6 

16.5 

17.1 

18.'- 

16.7 

23.9 

20.2 

NW. 

NW. 

W. 

N. 

NW. 

NW. 

NW. 

W. 

NW.' 

NW. 

NW. 

NK. 

NW. 

86 

84 

76 

84 

78 

86 

61 

91 

66 

71 

56 

76 

.91 

W. 

NW. 

:-w. 

NW. 

NW. 

NW. 

N. 

NW. 

NW. 

NW, 

W. 

N. 

NW. 

8 

14 

7 

13 

17 

24 

29 

24 

26 

16 

2 

16 

196 

9 

13 

7 

8 

9 

5 

2 

4 

4 

5 

10 

4 

80 

14 

1 

17 

9 

5 

1 

0 

3 

0 

10. 

18 

11 

at 

Davs  with  0  01  inch  rainfall  

14 

4 

17 

7 

3 

3 

0 

1 

0 

1 

19 

13 

92 

14 

2 

16 

6 

3 

1 

0 

0 

0 

8 

15 

12 

77 

174.9 

263.8 

162.  6 

300.7 

344.6 

404.5 

445.4 

373.4 

354.7 

234.0 

105.9 

177.7 

3,342 

57 

87 

44 

76 

78 

91 

99 

88 

95 

67 

35 

60 

73 

Mean  daily  range  of  temperature  
Mean  daily  change  of  temperature  .  .  . 

8.0 
2.8 
17,  821 

11.4 
3.8 
15  608 

9.9 
4.1 

16,  9S6 

13.9 
6.3 
14,234 

13.8 
4.7 
17,074 

14.3 
6.1 
14,257 

14.5 
5.9 
13,108 

14.3 
4.7 
12,283 

13.3 
3.4 
12,307 

10.8 
4.2 
13,  561 

7.0 
2.1 
11,996 

9.3 
3.1 

17,782 

11.7 
4.3 

177,017 

SAN  FRANCISCO,  1899. 


29.98 

30.00 

29.  89 

29.87 

29.87 

29.78 

29.78 

29.78 

29.83 

29.83 

29.88 

29.98 

29.87 

58.3 

58.0 

57.3 

61.2 

58.3 

63.4 

61.5 

63.5 

65.1 

66.1 

61.0 

54.8 

60.7 

47.6 

45.3 

47.1 

47.9 

46.9 

50.4 

50.3 

53.1 

51.3 

52.5 

52.6 

44.4 

49.1 

Mean  monthly  temperature  

53.0 

51.6 

52.2 

54.6 

52.6 

56.9 

55.9 

58.3 

58.2 

59.3 

56.8 

49.6 

.54.9 

78 

80 

74 

80 

80 

75 

73 

78 

73 

94 

65 

63 

94 

Lowest  temperature  

40 

34 

42 

43 

43 

47 

48 

50 

48 

46 

48 

37 

34 

46 

45 

48 

45 

45 

49 

50 

52 

52 

50 

52 

44 

48 

80 

82 

86 

76 

79 

83 

87 

84 

89 

78 

86 

83 

83 

Total  rainfall  

3.67 

0.10 

7.61 

0.62 

0.86 

0.01 

0.00 

T. 

0.00 

3.92 

3.79 

2.65 

23.23 

O.S8 

0.08 

2  15 

0  46 

0  77 

0  01 

0.00 

T. 

0.00 

1.94 

1.51 

1.17 

2.15 

Mean  cloudiness  

6.7- 

4.6 

6.5 

3  0 

2  6 

2.0 

3.6 

3.3 

3.0 

3.0 

5.8 

3.8 

4.0 

7.9 

9  8 

11  7 

13  9 

14  2 

15.3 

14.4 

12.6 

8.5 

6.6 

8.6 

11.0 

Prevailing  wind  direction  

SE. 

W. 

W. 

W 

W 

\V. 

SW. 

SW. 

S\V. 

W. 

SE. 

N. 

W. 

Maximum  wind  velocity  ..     . 

47 

39 

36 

38 

37 

44 

41 

39 

40 

n 

30 

30 

47 

sw 

W 

W 

W 

W 

\V 

W 

W 

W  - 

w 

SW 

SW. 

SW 

5 

11 

g 

18 

21 

23 

16 

18 

•'O 

°i 

g 

18 

185 

Partly  cloudv  days 

11 

10 

9 

10 

5 

11 

11 

8 

5 

11 

g 

104 

15 

7 

16 

2 

3 

2 

4 

2 

o 

11 

7 

76 

Days  with  0.01  rainfall 

11 

2 

15 

5 

2 

1 

0 

0 

0 

9 

12 

10 

67 

Davs  with  0.04  rainfall 

9 

1 

10 

3 

2 

ft 

o 

o 

0 

g 

11 

10 

62 

Actual  hours  sunshine  

152.1 

215.7 

19°  9 

327  7 

365  1 

38°  4 

294  1 

308  4 

292  5 

yr>  5 

129  1 

190  5 

".12  :! 

Percentage  of  sunshine 

50 

71 

52 

83 

83 

86 

65 

73 

78 

73 

42 

64 

69 

Mean  daily  range  of  temperature  
Mean  daily  change  of  temperature  .  .  . 
Total  wind  movement 

10.7 
2.0 
5  864 

12.7 
3.1 
5  860 

10.2 
2.6 
7  316 

13.3 
4.3 
8  394 

11.4 
2.2 
10  346 

13.0 
3.1 
1  019 

11.3 
2.1 
11  356 

10.4 
2.0 
10  722 

13.8 
'2.2 
9  066 

13.6 
3.4 

6  (>98 

8.4 
1.9 
4  757 

10.4 
2.3 
g  430 

11.6 
2.6 
96  60° 

FOG. 

sr.VSHINE  AT  MOrST  TAMALPA1S  FOR  1899  AND  1900. 
[X.  lat.  37°  56'.] 


243 


Percentage  of  sunshine  recorded  during  hours  ending  (  local  time)— 

Per- 
centage 

:'  :     - 
sible. 

1. 
January 

a5m.      6^      7* 

8k 

9' 

10* 

11' 

Noon. 

2' 

3» 

4' 

5» 

6' 

7» 

loiai 
(hours). 

60 
85 
46 
78 
81 
87 
98 
87 
-- 
58 
30 
54 

57 
-- 
48 
77 
83 
• 
100 
92 
96 
64 
31 
56 

56 
90 
47 
76 
81 
87 
100 
94 
98 
61 
33 
62 

62 
90 
43 
76 
79 
87 
100 
91 
96 
66 

63 

60 
85 
41 
80 
72 

100 
88 
100 
69 
35 
62 

57 

" 
45 

84 
95 
ICO 
88 

71 
36 
64 

57 
90 
55 
85 

QQ 

100 
91 
98 
76 
40 
63 

54 
91 

50 

-- 
97 
99 
92 
97 
76 
35 
58 

57 
93 
49 
91 
" 
97 
100 

AA 

93 
96 
75 
39 
59 

49 
81 
50 
89 
92 
97 
99 
95 
94 
65 
39 
55 

72 
77 
27 
83 
90 
98 
100 
94 
-•• 
64 
100 

- 

57 
87 
44 
76 
78 
91 
99 
" 
95 
67 
35 
60 

February  

78 
26 
50 
72 
87 
97 

87 
94 

CQ 

31 
82 

263  8 

March  ...                                            25 

4 
48 
64 
96 
100 
76 
85 

162.6 
300.7 
11         344.6 
78         404.5 
96         445.4 
29        373.4 
354.7 
234  0 

April 

'....1      21 
47         4o 
84         84 
93         94 

tV. 

Mav                   

Julv 

September                         '                 96 

October  •    100 

November  .    . 

tee.  a 

December  

Sum 

•ZK      531 

763 

852 
71 

878       885 
73        74 

893 
74 

881 
73 

912 
76 

939 
78 

926 
77 

937 

78 

-    .- 

75 

890 

173 

214     3,342.3 
<rxt  * 

877 
73 

Percentage  of  pos- 
sible   

1900. 
januarv 

""" 

44 

69 
71 
56 
71 
69 
94 
81 
69 
61 
46 
56 

48 
72 
72 
62 
70 
67 
94 
83 
69 
71 
46 
59 

50 
67 
77 
66 
73 
73 
95 
86 
75 
74 
52 
60 

49 
62 
76 
69 
71 
79 
97 
-- 
72 
76 
51 
65 

55 
60 
72 
66 
69 
73 
93 
-• 
66 
72 
50 
54 

56 
74 
73 
65 
72 
81 

91 
/o 
74 
49 
59 

63 
73 
77 
69 
75 
86 
•- 
94 
79 
75 
48 
66 

65 
69 
74 
70 
77 
86 
95 
93 
76 
72 
59 
62 

62 
69 
74 
69 

81 
«• 
91 
90 
76 
74 
59 
60 

52 
62 
66 
61 
80 
86 
91 
87 
77 
65 
49 
60 

46 
61 
62 
58 
72 
85 
91 
84 
71 
59 
0 

ifi?;  7 

55 
67 
73 
63 
73 
76 
93 
• 
73 
70 
51 
60 

-  •- 
February  

67 
79 
56 
67 
62 
95 
81 
69 
60 
64 
100 

°03  3 

March        100 

76 
56 
70 

76 
88 
85 
60 

•      270.4 

\pril                                                    sa 

Mav                     

88        68 
66        62 
96        94 
80 

96        322.2 
78  j      338.0 
89        419.7 
100        364.9 
1      270.5 
ojs  3 

Julv 

September  

..     -       59 

October  

0 

November 

155  9 

December  

178  7 

Sum 

250      516 

soo 

787 
66 

813 

- 

HI 

71 

855      816 
71        68 

864 
72 

903 
75 

898 
75 

890 
74 

83t 
70 

689 

510 

363     3,  181.  7 
265  1 

840 
70 

Percentage  of  pos- 
sible   

244 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 


The  following  notes  on  "  Fog  at  Mount  Tamalpais  "  are  reprinted  from  the  Monthly  Weather 
Review,  November,  1900,  and  January,  February,  and  March,  1901: 

In  fig.  21,  Plate  I,  is  shown  perhaps  the  most  common  type  of  fog.  It  may  be  of  interest  to  compute  roughly 
the  weight  of  water  vapor  existing  under  such  conditions.  From  a  number  of  records,  a  fair  average  dew-point 
temperature  is  51°  F.  (10.6°  C.) .  It  is  estimated  that  an  area  10  miles  east  and  west  and  an  equal  distance  north  and 
south  is  covered  with  fog  The  upper  level  of  the  fog  may  be  taken  as  half  a  mile.  If  the  fog  were  solidly  packed, 
we  could  not  be  much  in  error  if  we  estimated  its  bulk  at  50  cubic  miles. 

There  are,  therefore,  5280s  X  50  cubic  feet  of  water  vapor  at  a  mean  temperature  of  51°  F.  A  cubic  foot  of  vapor 
at  this  temperature  weighs  4.222  grains,  and  we  therefore  have  as  a  gross  weight  2,219,535  tons  of  2,000  pounds  each. 
But  most  generally  the  fog  disappears  between  sea  level  and  1,200  to  1,500  feet  altitude,  and  there  are  also  wide 
swaths  or  channels  fog  free.  The  amount  given  above,  therefore,  would  need  to  be  cut  in  two,  and  a  liberal  estimate 
of  the  weight  of  the  water  vapor  in  a  fog  outside  the  Heads  is  1,000,000  tons.  This  is  carried  through  the  Golden 
Gate  by  westerly  winds,  blowing  22  miles  per  hour,  from  1  to  5  p.  m. 

For  each  square  mile  of  surface  there  would  be  about  10,000  tons  of  water  vapor  and  for  each  acre  about 
15.63  tons.  This  is  equivalent  to  a  rainfall  of  0.14  inch. 

In  Waldo's  Modern  Meteorology  <*  an  example  in  the  use  of  Hertz's  graphical  tables  for  following  the  changes  in 
a  given  quantity  of  water  vapor  under  varying  conditions  is  given.  With  little  change,  the  problem  will  apply  in 
this  case. 


FIG.  20.— Fog  service  at  San  Francisco.  Corner  of  large  map  standing  in  main  corridor  of  Ferry  Building.  By  means  of  frequent 
reports  from  Point  Reyes  and  Mount  Tamalpais  the  extent  and  character  of  fog  over  Drakes  Bay,  the  roadstead,  and  the  Gate  itself 
are  known  in  the  city. 

At  San  Francisco  the  mean  actual  pressure  is  29.87  inches  (758.7mm.)  and  at  Tamalpais  27.55  inches  (699.8 
mm. ) ;  the  elevation  of  the  latter  station  is  724  meters,  and  the  former  is  practically  at  sea  level. 

With  a  prec-rure  of  750  mm.  and  a  temperature  of  27°  C.  (80°  F. ),  a  given  mass  of  air,  half  saturated,  lifted 
upward  under  adiabatic  conditions,  will  not  change  its  initial  11  grams  of  water  contents  per  kilogram  until  at  an 
elevation  of  640  meters,  when  condensation  would  begin.  At  an  elevation  of  700  meters,  the  pressure  being  687 
mm.,  the  temperature  would  be  19.3°  C.  (67°  F.). 

At  640  meters  the  dew-point  would  be  13.3°  C.  (56°  F.)  or  2.5°  C.  lower  than  the  initial  dew-point  15.8°  C.  (60° 
F. ),  the  difference  being  due  to  the  increased  volume.  At  1,000  meters  the  temperature  would  be  8.2°  C.  (49°  F. ), 
or  at  a  rate  of  0.51°  C.  decrease  per  100  meters  elevation. 

It  is  pointed  out,  however,  that  in  all  theoretical  values  the  assumption  is  made  that  the  kilogram  of  mixed  air 
and  water  vapor  retains  its  mass  unchanged,  but  this  can  not  be  the  case  with  a  mixture  in  free  air  performing  a 
journey  of  any  extent.  It  is  also  to  be  remembered  that  in  the  actual  case  before  us  the  horizontal  movements  of 
the  given  mass  would  be  of  far  more  significance  than  the  vertical  movements. 

a  Page  236.  The  paper  in  full  is  translated  in  Professor  Abbe's  Mechanics  of  the  Earth's  Atmosphere,  No.  XIV, 
pp.  198-211.  [Improved  methods  are  given  by  Professor  Bigelow  in  his  Report  on  the  International  Cloud  Observa- 
tions. Washington.  1900.] 


to 
pi 

'l 

Tl 


cc 


H 
I 


DD 


2 
o 

c 
z 

H 


o 


: 
a 


p 
N> 

'| 

I 


O 

c 
z 

H 


O 

> 


I'lAlt    V, 


Fw.  28.  -Foo  BILLOW*. 


FOG.  245 

In^Von  Bezold's  third  paper  on  the  "Thermodynamics  of  the  atmosphere"  (see  Mechanics  of  the  Atmosphere, 
pp.  257-288)  the  effect  of  mixing  different  air  masses  is  considered.  If  two  masses  of  saturated  air  at  0°  C.  and 
20°  C.,  respectively,  and  at  700  mm.  pressure  are  thoroughly  mixed,  the  greatest  amount  of  rainfall  that  can  occur  is 
0.75  gram  per  kilogram  of  air  and  water  vapor.  The  temperature  of  the  mixture  will  be  11°  C.  (52°  F.).  The 
warmer  mixture  would  have  yielded  the  same  amount  of  rainfall  by  raising  it  310  meters  or  cooling  it  1.6°  C.  by 
elevation  and  0.8°  C.  by  contact. 

Direct  cooling  by  contact  or  radiation  is  shown  by  Von  Bezold  to  be  more  efficient  as  a  cause  of  rainfall  than  cool- 
ing by  mixture,  but  in  the  production  of  fog  it  is  probable  that  cooling  by  mixture  (except  in  the  case  of  ground 
fogs)  is  the  most  important  factor  to  be  considered.  It  is  to  be  noted  that  reverse  pressures  should  also  be  studied, 
for  perhaps  a  close  watch  upon  the  conditions  prevailing  when  fog  is  rapidly  dissipating  might  conversely  throw  light 
upon  the  order  and  relative  importance  of  the  three  ways  of  cooling,  viz,  mixture,  expansion,  and  radiation. 

Von  Bezold's  deductions  may  be  thus  summarized:  More  vapor  condenses  when  a  stream  of  air  and  vapor  at  low 
temperature  impinges  on  a  mass  of  warmer  air  than  with  reversed  conditions.  Ocean  fogs  as  a  rule  form  when  cool 
air  flows  over  warm,  moist  surfaces,  but  in  the  case  under  discussion,  where  the  ocean  surface  temperature  is  13°  C. 
(55°  F.)  and  the  air  temperature  may  reach  27°  C.  (80°  F. ),  it  is  evident  that  the  above  does  not  hold.  It  is  more 
probable  that  condensation  is  the  result  of  the  sharp  temperature  contrasts  at  the  boundaries  of  certain  air  currents 
having  different  temperatures,  humidities,  and  velocities,  and  that  the  contours  of  the  land  play  an  important  part 
in  originating  and  directing  these  air  currents.  The  summer  afternoon  fogs  of  the  San  Francisco  Bay  region,  then,  are 
probably  due  to  mixture  more  than  radiation  or  expansion.  The  winter  tule  fogs  of  the  Sacramento  and  San  Joaquin 
valleys  are  probably  pure  types  of  radiation  fog,  where  the  process  of  cloud  building  is  from  the  cooled  ground 
upward.  Occasionally  in  summer,  when  the  warm  air  has  been  pumped  out  of  the  valleys  and  there  is  rapid  radia- 
tion, ground  fog  forms.  An  illustration  of  this  is  given  in  fig.  22,  Plate  I,  where  fog  covers  a  number  of  valleys. 
Summer  sea  fog  is  shown  in  fig.  23,  Plate  II,  and,  as  said  above,  is  probably  due  to  mixture.  The  wave  motions  or 
Luft  AVogen  of  Von  Helmholtz  are  shown  in  fig.  24,  Plate  II,  and  also  the  surgings  or  splashings,  where  a  certain 
condensation  results  from  the  mechanical  uplifting. 

In  several  papers  presented  to  the  Royal  Academy  of  Sciences  of  Prussia,  Prof.  H.  von  Helmholtz  has  discussed 
the  conditions  which  must  occur  in  the  atmosphere  where  strata  of  different  densities  lie  close  together,  with  par- 
ticular reference  to  the  billow  and  wave  effects  near  the  limiting  surfaces  of  the  strata. 

"It  apppars  to  me  not  doubtful,""  says  Helmholtz,  "that  such  systems  of  waves  occur  with  remarkable  fre- 
quency at  the  bounding  surfaces  of  strata  of  air  of  different  densities,  even  although  in  most  cases  they  remain 
invisible  to  us.  Evidently  we  see  them  only  when  the  lowest  stratum  is  so  nearly  saturated  with  aqueous  vapor  that 
the  summit  of  the  wave,  within  which  the  pressure  is  less,  begins  to  form  a  haze." 

It  is  probable,  as  Helmholtz  states,  that  conditions  favorable  for  the  origin  and  propagation  of  air  waves  often 
exist,  but  with  the  exception  of  certain  cloud  forms  it  is  seldom  that  the  meteorologist  has  an  opportunity  to  see  this 
wave  action  clearly  defined.  It  therefore  seems  of  importance  to  present  a  few  photographs  showing  the  actual  wave 
effects  produced  probably  by  the  sharp  contrasts  of  air  currents  of  different  densities  in  the  vicinity  of  Mount 
Tamalpais. 

It  is  thought  that  in  the  photographs  of  fog  billows  (Plates  III  and  IV)  there  is  evidence  of  the  movement  of 
rectilinear  waves  propagated,  with  little  change  of  form  and  velocity,  along  the  bounding  surfaces  of  the  different  air 
strata. 

AVith  a  wind  velocity  of  10  meters  per  second,  which  nearly  corresponds  with  the  mean  velocity  of  the  inflowing 
colder  current  (the  average  summer  afternoon  velocity  of  the  wind  through  the  Golden  Gate  is  about  22  miles  per 
hour),  the  wave  length,  A,  is  determined  by  Von  Helmholtz  to  be  about  900  meters  (2,950  feet).  The  wave  lengths 
shown  in  the  various  fog  photographs  herewith  are  of  corresponding  magnitude  and  vary,  it  is  estimated,  from  100  to 
2,000  meters.  Helmholtz  states  further: * 

"  Since  the  moderate  winds  that  occur  on  the  surface  of  the  earth  often  cause  water  waves  of  a  meter  in  length, 
therefore  the  same  winds  acting  upon  strata  of  air  of  10°  difference  in  temperature  maintain  waves  of  from  2  to  5 
kilometers  in  length/' 

Equations  for  the  velocity  of  propagation  and  the  diminution  of  the  speed  with  a  change  of  the  depth  of  the 
lower  stratum  and  a  discussion  of  the  energy  of  the  waves  are  given  for  special  cases.  It  is  also  pointed  out  that  the 
elevations  of  the  air  waves  can  amount  to  many  hundred  meters,  and  that  precipitation  could  thus  be  inechanically 
brought  about.  The  same  wind  can  excite  waves  of  different  lengths  and  velocities,  and  the  interference  and  reen- 
forcement  may  perceptibly  modify  the  wave  form.  One  of  the  processes  by  which  waves  of  great  height  can  be 
formed  is  thus  pointed  out  by  Helmholtz,  namely,  where  two  wave  summits  of  different  groups  of  waves  reenforce 
each  other.  The  wave  height  may  be  so  great  that  foaming  is  produced.  Such  long  and  deep  waves  may  have  a 
tearing  on  the  explanation  of  certain  local  and  nonperiodic  disturbances. 

The  demonstrated  existence  of  these  air  billows  and  waves  is  important  also  in  connection  with  the  transmission 
of  other  air  waves.  It  is  well  known  that  sound  waves  are  reflected  and  refracted  in  a  marked  degree  in  the  vicinity 
of  fog  banks,  fog  walls,  and  fog  billows.  The  inaudibility  of  fog  signals  from  sirens  is  one  of  the  greatest  sources  of 
danger  and  anxiety  in  navigation.  Any  increase  in  our  knowledge  of  the  dispersion  and  aberration  of  these  fog 
signals  will  be  hailed  with  joy  by  many  thousand  travelers.  In  the  vicinity  of  San  Francisco,  as  evidenced  by  the 

"  See  Abbe's  Mechanics  of  the  Earth's  Atmosphere,  p.  94. 
*See  Mechanics  of  the  Earth's  Atmosphere,  p.  103. 


246  CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 

series  of  photographs  accompanying  these  papers,  the  opportunities  for  studying  the  general  aberration  of  sound 
waves  in  fog  are  excellent.  It  is  our  earnest  hope  that  in  due  time  some  experimental  work  in  this  direction  may  be 
undertaken  at  the  observatory  on  Mount  Tamalpais.  Some  very  strange  effects  have  already  been  noticed  with 
regard  to  the  noise  of  a  train  when  traversing  different  air  strata. 

Zones  of  audibility  appear  to  be  quite  sharply  marked,  even  after  making  allowance  for  the  many  canyons  and 
"mesas"  (tablelands).  On  foggy  days  these  zones  are  greatly  modified.  In  addition  to  changes  in  density  and 
temperature  which  sound  waves  would  experience,  there  are  changes  due  to  the  movement  of  the  sound-conveying 
medium.  The  strong  air  currents  moving  toward  the  listener  increase  the  frequency  of  vibration  and  raise  the  pitch; 
conversely  the  air  currents  moving  away  from  the  listener  flatten  the  note. 

There  have  been  several  instances  on  nights  without  fog  where  ordinary  sounds  have  been  heard  distinctly  a 
distance  of  nearly  two  miles.  On  other  occasions  it  has  been  possible  to  obtain  echoes  from  hills  distant  one-half 
mile  or  more  when  the  intervening  valley  was  covered  with  fog.  The  echoes  could  not  be  heard  when  the  fog  was 
absent. 

The  accompanying  photographs  may  throw  light  upon  the  much-discussed  question  of  the  abnormal  aberration 
of  fog  signals.  It  will  be  remembered  that  Prof.  Joseph  Henry,  who  for  twelve  years  served  as  chairman  of  the 
Light-House  Board,  thought  that  the  wind  played  a  more  important  part  in  the  abnormal  aberration  of  sound  waves 
than  the  so-called  acoustic  clouds  described  by  Professor  Tyndall.  It  is  probable  that  up  to  a  certain  point  both 
explanations  may  hold,  but  the  wind  is  seemingly  the  more  active  factor  in  most  cases.  Sound  moving  with  the 
wind  is  refracted  downward  and  moving  against  the  wind  refracted  upward. « 

From  the  great  mass  of  conflicting  evidence  it  appears  that  a  homogeneous  atmosphere  without  the  internal 
stream  lines  (see  reference  to  this  under  "Air  drainage,"  in  previous  pages)  conveys  sound  waves  very  well;  but  this 
is  not  the  usual  condition.  Under  normal  conditions  the  mass  of  air  within  a  mile  or  two  of  a  light-house  and 
extending  upward  half  a  mile  is  neither  still  nor  homogeneous.  One  of  the  main  purposes  of  the  accompanying 
fog  photographs  is  to  show  the  stratification,  faulting,  and  upheaval  effects  due  to  differences  of  temperature  and 
density  caused  by  extensive  and  rapidly  moving  currents.  Of  course  the  aberration  of  audibility  of  fog  signals 
due  to  changes  of  the  sound-conveying  medium  is  not  to  be  confounded  with  the  aberration  in  audibility  due  to 
topographical  features  and  the  normal  reflection  and  refraction  of  sound  waves.  Probably  within  a  short  distance 
of  every  light-house  there  are  zones  or  points  of  inaudibility  due  to  the  latter  causes.  An  excellent  illustration  of 
this  can  be  found  in  a  paper  on  Fogs  and  Fog  Signals  of  the  Pacific  Coast,  by  Ferdinand  Lee  Clarke.  c  It  is  there 
shown  that  the  sirens  around  the  Golden  Gate  and  in  San  Francisco  Bay  are  inaudible  at  certain  points.  Here 
there  is  an  interference  of  sound  waves  due  to  numerous  natural  reflections. 

It  has  been  suggested  that  if  the  fog  signals  at  Lime  Point  and  at  Point  Bonita  were  properly  attuned  a  resulting 
harmonic  might  be  heard  at  certain  points  instead  of  the  weakened  noise  now  heard.  We  need  measurements  of 
the  energy  producing  the  air  pulsation,  the  proportionate  energy  reaching  the  ship  or  given  point,  and  the  rate  of 
expenditure  with  different  conditions  of  density  and  air  movement.  By  the  employment  of  suitable  resonators  the 
pulsations  reaching  the  ship  might  be  more  easily  detected.  With  the  introduction  of  etheric  telegraphy  it  would 
almost  seem  practicable  to  obtain  by  this  same  principle  of  resonance  electromagnetic  signals,  and  by  comparing  the 
time  intervals  between  these  and  the  sound  waves  in  air  or  transmitted  through  water  the  distance  apart  of  the  vessels 
or  the  distance  from  the  shore  might  be  determined  within  a  few  feet. 

The  velocity  of  sound,  it  is  generally  stated,  is  within  wide  limits  practically  independent  of  both  intensity  and 
pitch.  In  dry  air  at  0°  C.,  according  to  Rowland,  the  velocity  of  sound  propagation  is  331.78  meters  (1,090  feet)  per 
second.  In  water  vapor  at  10°  C.,  according  to  Masson,  the  velocity  is  about  402  meters  (1,318  feet)  and  at  96°  C. 
410  meters  (1,345  feet)  per  second.  In  water  at  10°  C.  the  velocity  is  about  1,435  meters  (4,708  feet) ,  in  copper  about 
3,560  meters,  and  in  glass  from  5,000  to  6,000  meters. 

The  velocity  is  proportional  to  the  square  root  of  the  absolute  temperature,  as  given  by  the  formula: 


a  =»OB-/  1    h  273 

where  a  =  velocity  of  sound 

o0  =  velocity  of  sound  at  0°  C. 

The  velocity  of  sound  propagation  in  dry  air  is  therefore  about  37  times  more  rapid  than  that  of  the  average 
summer  afternoon  winds  (20  miles  per  hour),  which  blow  through  the  Golden  Gate  with  such  regularity  and  which 
are  the  prime  disturbing  factors  in  the  circulation  of  the  air  in  this  vicinity.  The  question  of  refraction  of  sound  in 
free  air  has  been  independently  studied  by  Stokes, «  Taylor,  &  Henry,  c  Tyndall,^  and  Reynolds, «  and  many  of  the 
puzzling  phenomena  connected  with  the  aberration  of  sound  can  be  demonstrated  to  be  caused  by  the  bending  of 
the  sound  beams  in  traversing  air  strata  of  varying  temperatures  and  motions.  The  most  efficient  cause  of  loss  of 
audibility  is  wind.  The  loss  is  not  due  to  an  actual  retardation  of  the  sound  waves  by  the  movement  of  the  air  so  much 
as  to  a  refraction  of  the  wave  front  upward  from  the  earth.  Sound  traveling  with  the  wind  is  bent  downward 
and  traveling  against  the  wind  is  bent  upward.  Knowing  this,  we  are  able,  by  lifting  the  position  of  the  hearer, 


«  Report  British  Association,  1857.  <<  Philosophical  Transactions,  1874. 

6  Smithsonian  Report,  1875.  *  Philosophical  Transactions,  1876. 

<•  Smithsonian  Report,  1877. 


FOG.  .  247 

sometimes  to  make  sound  audible  against  the  wind.  Thus  Henry  shows  that  a  sound  moving  against  the  wind, 
inaudible  to  the  ear  on  the  deck  of  a  vessel,  could  be  heard  at  the  masthead.  Reynolds's  experiments  even 
more  conclusively  demonstrate  the  bending  of  the  wave  front  downward  as  a  rule  when  moving  with  the  wind 
and  upward  when  moving  against  the  wind. 

The  accompanying  photographs,  Plate  V,  figs.  27  and  28,  show  air  strata  moving  with  varying  velocities.  As  a 
rule  the  upper  currents  have  the  greater  velocity,  but  not  infrequently  this  condition  is  reversed.  In  such  cases 
audibility  should  be  favored  even  by  an  opposing  wind,  and  this  is  sometimes  found  to  be  the  case.  Thus  far  We 
have  alluded  only  to  the  refraction  of  the  wave  fronts  due  to  varying  air  velocities;  but  the  varying  temperatures  of 
the  different  air  masses  will  also  affect  the  relative  audibility.  Reynolds  instances  a  marked  case,  where,  owing  to  a 
thorough  cooling  of  the  lower  air  strata,  and  presumably  a  marked  inverted  temperature  gradient,  the  audibility  was 
excellent,  the  sound  being  refracted  downward,  and  all  objects  "  looming,"  as  it  were.  It  is  even  possible  to  work 
out  the  retardation  or  acceleration  of  the  wave  front  with  the  degree  of  variation  in  temperature.  Finally,  it  may  be 
that  the  temperature  and  the  air  motion  may  act  together  to  refract  downward  the  sound  wave,  and  it  may  also 
happen  that  the  one  influence  may  oppose  the  other.  Thus  Reynolds  gives  an  example  where,  with  a  heavy  dew 
on  the  ground,  sound  could  be  heard  equally  well  against  a  light  wind  as  with  the  wind— 

' '  Showing  that  the  upward  refraction  by  the  wind  was  completely  counteracted  by  the  downward  refraction  from 
the  diminution  of  temperature.  This  was  observed  not  to  be  the  case  when  cloudiness  at  night  prevented  terrestrial 
radiation."  (Proc.  R.  8.,  1874.) 

The  presence  of  large  quantities  of  condensed  water  vapor  brings  us  to  the  question  of  refracting  surfaces  and 
the  reverberation  of  the  sound  rather  than  its  velocity. 

When  a  sound  wave  travels  over  a  perfectly  smooth  surface,  such  as  a  glassy  sea,  or  a  sharply  outlined  plane  of 
condensation,  the  intensity  of  the  sound  does  not  diminish  with  the  usual  rapidity.  In  discussing  the  propagation 
of  sound  in  whispering  galleries,  Rayleigh"  shows  that  the  abnormal  loudness  is  not  confined  to  a  point  diametrically 
opposite  that  occupied  by  the  speaker,  but  that  there  is  a  bending  or  clinging  of  the  sound  waves  to  the  surface  of 
the  concave  wall.  Sonorous  vibrations  at  fog  surfaces  and  cloud  surfaces  may  behave  in  a  somewhat  similar  way, 
and  it  is  probable  that  the  curvature  of  the  surface  is  not  of  as  great  importance  as  the  comparative  smoothness  of  the 
surface.  Probably  the  roll  of  thunder  is  an  excellent  illustration  of  continued  reverberation  at  cloud  surfaces. 


Any  memoir  upon  the  fog  of  San  Francisco  Bay  would  be  incomplete  without  a  reference  to 
one  of  the  most  remarkable  of  marine  accidents.  On  the  morning  of  Friday,  February  22, 1901, 
the  Pacific  Mail  steamship  Bio  de  Janeiro  ran  upon  the  Fort  Point  Reef  during  a  fog.  Within 
fifteen  or  twenty  minutes  from  the  time  of  striking  the  vessel  sank,  and  of  the  210  persons  on 
board  130  were  lost.  Another  statement,  purporting  to  be  official,  makes  the  total  number 
aboard  207  and  the  lost  127. 

The  following  facts  are  obtained  chiefly  from  the  statements  of  Pilot  F.  VV.  Jordan.  The 
ship's  master.  Capt.  William  Ward,  went  down  with  the  vessel.  The  pilot  boarded  the  Rio  de 
Janeiro  in  the  vicinity  of  the  9-fathom  buoy,  near  the  bar  buoy,  and  anchored  in  13  fathoms  at 
a  little  before  6  o'clock  Thursday  night,  February  21.  The  weather  being  foggy,  the  ship 
remained  at  anchor  till  about  4  a.  m.,  one  hundred  and  twentieth  meridian  time,  when  the  fog 
lifted  and  the  Cliff  House  light  could  be  seen,  but  not  the  Point  Bonita  light.  Preparations 
were  in  progress  to  steam  into  the  harbor,  when  a  dense  fog  came  out  from  the  Golden  Gate, 
obscuring  everything.  There  is  some  difference  of  testimony  as  to  whether  the  captain  or  the 
pilot  gave  the  orders  to  proceed  in  the  fog,  but  the  vessel  was  started  on  a  northeast  course  with 
Lime  Point  straight  ahead,  steering  by  the  whistle.  The  pilot  expected  to  get  an  echo  of  the 
ship's  whistle  from  Point  Diablo,  but  heard  none.  The  course  was  changed  north-northeast  with 
the  intention  of  running  close  to  Lime  Point.  The 'vessel  was  not  moving  at  full  speed  and  was 
subject  to  a  strong  cross  current,  which,  apparently  acting  at  right  angles  to  the  length  of  the 
vessel,  carried  the  ship  to  the  south,  far  out  of  the  proper  course.  The  first  officer  was  standing 
on  the  starboard  side  listening  for  the  Fort  Point  belL  No  soundings,  however,  were  taken. 
The  vessel  struck  a  short  distance  to  the  southwest  of  the  Fort  Point  light.  At  the  moment  of 
striking  the  pilot  saw  the  white  flash  at  Fort  Point  and  heard  the  Fort  Point  bell. 

The  pilot  had  had  eleven  years"  experience  in  the  harbor  and  was  considered  one  of  the  most 
capable  pilots  in  San  Francisco.  He  had  never  previously  met  with  an  accident.  There  appears 
to  be  no  doubt  of  the  existence  of  the  strong  cross  current,  inasmuch  as  other  vessels  entering 

« Theory  of  Sound,  vol.  \>,  *er.  l'*7. 


248  CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 

the  harbor  about  the  same  time  on  the  same  morning  came  near  going  on  the  rocks.  The  Pacific 
Mail  Steamship  Company  has  a  rule  that  vessels  must  not  enter  or  leave  a  harbor  when  fog 
prevails.  On  the  morning  in  question  the  fog  lifted  for  a  few  moments  and  then  settled  down 
again;  but  by  9  a.  m.,  local  time,  the  fog  had  dissipated.  The  rest  of  the  day  was  clear  and 
balmy  and  the  water  as  smooth  as  a  mill  pond. 

The  vessel  struck  about  5.30  a.  m.,  with  the  pilot  and  captain  on  the  bridge,  the  first  officer 
on  the  starboard  side  of  the  bridge  listening  for  the  bell,  and  the  second  officer  at  the  telegraph. 
When  the  vessel  struck,  the  captain  blew  the  danger  whistle,  a  long  blast.  Ordinary  fog  blasts 
(long  enough  to  count  six  or  seven)  had  been  blown  previously. 

The  details  of  the  accident,  particularly  with  reference  to  the  whistles,  the  course  steered, 
and  the  motion  of  the  current,  are  given,  because  from  such  evidence  as  can  be  obtained  at  this 
writing  it  appears  that  even  after  the  vessel  struck  the  sound  of  the  whistle  was  not  heard 
plainly  at  Fort  Point,  not  more  than  half  a  mile  distant,  where  a  lookout  of  the  life-saving  station 
was  on  duty  and  where  a  life-saving  crew  could  have  hurried  to  the  rescue  and  probably  reached 
the  ship  within  five  minutes,  without  doubt  saving  many  of  those  whose  lives  were  lost.  There 
was  also  a  sentry  walking  post  within  a  short  distance  of  the  lookout.  It  is  stated  that  some 
soldiers  heard  voices  and  also  a  whistle,  but  the  evidence  is  very  conflicting,  and  it  seems 
improbable  that  if  the  long  danger  blast  was  clearly  heard  it  should  pass  without  notice  and 
subsequent  action. 

The  Weather  Bureau  records  show  that  about  ,the  time  of  the  accident  a  mongrel  tule  fog 
prevailed  over  the  Baj'  of  San  Francisco.  At  Mount  Tamalpais  the  weather  was  clear,  with  a 
wind  of  13  miles  per  hour  from  the  northwest.  At  San  Francisco  dense  fog  prevailed,  with  little, 
if  any,  wind.  The  wind  vane  at  the  Mills  Building  indicated  a  southwest  wind  blowing  about  1 
mile  per  hour.  From  1  a.  m.  to  6  a.  m.  but  9  miles  of  wind  were  recorded. 

When  all  is  said  and  done  it  appears  that  the  fog  was  the  prime  factor  in  causing  the  loss  of 
the  vessel.  Owing  to  the  aberration  of  the  sound  waves  in  the  fog  the  pilot  was  unable  to  hear 
the  fog  signals  from  either  Point  Bonita  or  Lime  Point  to  the  north,  or  the  tolling  of  the  bell  at 
Fort  Point  to  the  east  and  north.  It  has  not,  however,  been  shown  that  the  bell  was  certainly 
ringing.  The  Lime  Point  whistle  has  great  penetrative  power.  The  fog  bell  at  Fort  Point  is  40 
feet  above  the  water,  and  should  be  heard  for  at  least  a  mile.  It  is  supposed  to  be  struck  every 
ten  seconds.  It  is  a  strange  fact  that  in  a  paper  upon  the  Fogs  and  Fog  Signals  of  the  Pacific 
Coast,  by  Ferdinand  Lee  Clark,  published  in  1888,  there  should  occur  this  statement  concerning 
the  fog  bell  at  Fort  Point: 

In  point  of  fact  it  is  said  to  be  hardly  ever  heard  except  when  too  late  to  be  of  use.  *  *  *  If  mariners 
depended  upon  its  sound  to  tell  them  how  near  they  were  to  the  point,  they  would  generally  have  no  time  after 
hearing  it  tg  clear  the  danger. 

The  loss  of  the  Bio  de  Janeiro  proves  that  the  bell  at  Fort  Point  in  its  present  position  is 
sometimes  of  little  value. 

The  temperature  at  the  time  of  the  accident  was  50°  F.  at  sea  level  and  52°  at  a  height  of 
2,500  feet.  The  thickness  of  the  fog  probably  did  not  exceed  a  few  hundred  feet;  and,  as 
indicated  above,  it  was  a  land  fog  rather  than  a  sea  fog. 

As  a  general  thing  the  reflected  sounds  from  Point  Bonita  and  Lime  Point  are  heard  better 
on  the  south  side  of  the  channel.  On  the  accompanying  rough  sketch  of  the  channel  the  lines  of 
natural  reflection  are  drawn  and  also  the  zones  of  inaudibility. 

It  is  not  difficult  to  account  for  the  failure  of  the  echo  of  the  ship's  whistle  from  some 
portion  of  the  northern  shore,  as  the  distance  of  the  vessel  from  Point  Diablo  was  too  great. 
The  sound  waves  from  the  fog  whistle  at  Lime  Point,  however,  should  have  been  heard,  and  as 
the  moderate  southwest  wind  would  tend  to  cause  a  deflection  of  the  sound  wave  upward  it  is 
possible  that  while  the  sound  was  inaudible  on  the  deck  of  the  vessel  it  might  have  been  heard 
by  a  lookout  at  the  masthead. 


FOG. 


249 


The  catastrophe  furnishes  a  remarkable  illustration  of  the  utter  helplessness  of  a  vessel  in 
fog,  despite  lights  and  fog  whistles.  It  would  seem  that  under  such  conditions  nothing  short  of 
some  method  of  fog  dissipation  will  suffice. 

It  has  occurred  to  the  writer,  although  the  suggestion  may  prove  of  no  value  in  practice, 
that  if  a  strong  sound  had  been  made  under  water  by  some  automatic  contrivance  at  either  Lime 
Point  or  Point  Diablo,  and  the  Rio  d-  Janeiro  been  provided  with  some  suitable  device  rendering 
audible  the  sound  wave  through  the  water,  the  strong  cross  current  would  have  facilitated  the 
passage  of  the  sound  and  a  zone  of  audibility  would  have  been  established  in  the  water,  while  in 
the  atmosphere  above  the  fog  signals  would  have  been  inaudible. 


E/eraf/on  rang/try 

/voo  to  zsoo  rr 


:.  •- 


FIG.  31. — Probable  conditions  at  time  of  wreck,  February  22,  1901. 

The  accompanying  photographs.  Plate  A7!,  are  submitted  to  show  that  to  a  certain  degree  the 
captain  and  the  pilot  were  justified  in  assuming  that  they  might  soon  run  into  areas  free  from 
fog.  As  a  matter  of  fact  on  the  day  in  question  the  fog  soon  disappeared  and  a  delay  of  perhaps 
two  hours  would  have  prevented  the  accident.  It  should  not  be  forgotten,  however,  that  the 
captain  was  unwilling  to  enter  the  harbor  during  the  fog  Thursday  night,  and  that  the  vessel 
remained  at  anchor  for  a  period  of  nearly  twelve  hours  and  was  thereby  exposed  in  a  large 
degree  to  the  danger  of  collision. 


THUNDERSTORMS. 


It  is  sometimes  stated  that  thunderstorms  are  exceedingly  rare  in  California  and  that  light- 
ning is  almost  unknown  along  the  coast.  And  it  is  general!}"  believed  that  the  Pacific  coast, 
or  at  least  the  southern  half  of  it,  is  a  region  free  from  thunderstorms  and  the  damage  by 
lightning  is  practically  an  unknown  quantitj'.  In  the  eastern  part  of  the  United  States  consid- 
erable damage  is  done  by  thunderstorms  between  the  months  of  April  and  September.  In 
California  thunderstorms  may  occur  during  any  part  of  the  year.  In  a  discussion  of  356 
reports  of  thunderstorms  in  California  from  July,  1895,  to  August,  1896,  we  found  that  there 
were  3  dates  in  July  on  which  storms  occurred,  6  in  August,  8  in  September,  10  in  October, 
none  in  November,  3  in  December,  5  in  January,  2  in  February,  3  in  March,  9  in  April.  15  in 
May,  6  in  June,  22  in  July,  and  17  in  August. 

Some  of  the  storms  covered  very  large  areas  and  were  quite  generally  reported,  such,  for 
example,  as  October  14^15,  1895;  May  29  and  August  28-29,  1896.  Examining  certain  marine 
reports,  it  appears  that  on  January  25,  1896,  thunderstorms  prevailed  in  the  Pacific  Ocean,  and 
it  is  not  surprising  to  find  that  a  dav  or  two  later  thunderstorms  were  reported  in  California. 
These  storms  apparently  moved  inland  from  the.  ocean.  There  is  another  class  of  storms, 
however,  apparently  connected  with  the  general  low-pressure  movements  from  the  southwest. 
A  condition  favorable  for  thunderstorms  in  the  valley  of  the  Colorado  in  July  and  August  is 
frequently  followed  within  ten  or  twenty  hours  by  thunderstorms  along  the  Sierra. 

The  following  table  shows  the  distribution  of  thunderstorms  in  California  during  the  year 

of  1895-96: 

DISTRIBUTION  OP 


1895. 


1896. 


Station. 

County. 

Eleva- 
tion. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 
20 

Oct. 

I 

| 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar.           Apr.              May.           June. 

Fed. 

8,248 
51 
87 
1.759 
50 
180 
3  400 

18-21 

12 

oo  23 

Briggs  

Yolo  
Alameda  
San  Bernardino 
DelNorte  

14-15 
14-15 

15 



8 

23 

Crescent  City  

14           21 

15    .. 

29 

q                          •.,, 

29    .. 

29 

17  "ll 

IS 

Plumas  

Santa  Clara  
Los  Angeles  .  .  . 
Mendooino  
Sacramento  ... 

4,750 

150 
800 

74 
182 



17-18 

1     14_£« 

1 



6    .. 

Follow's  Camp  



20     18-26 

Fo)som  City  
Grass  Valley  

20 

.'7                  '-'4                    C-21    

29 

a 

9  24                                 

3,600 
350 

26 

17-28 
13 

15-20 
14-15 

J. 

9 



5,000 
293 

i  ono 

..- 

-- 
18 

19 
19 

.... 

.... 

17-29 

17 

24    

Plumas  
Stanislaus  

25 

Lagrange  
Lick  Observatory.. 
Lime  Kiln... 

14-15 
IB-IS 

6    

Tulare...                 600 

29     25-2t!-27    

251 


252 


CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 

DISTRIBUTION  OF  THUNDERSTORMS — Continued. 


1895. 

1896. 

Station. 

County. 

Eleva- 
tion. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

I 

u 

& 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

Lodi             

San  Joaquin.  .  . 

Feet. 
32 

29 

27 

26 

Los  Angeles 

293 

7 

Santa  Clara.  .  .  . 

600 

28 

McVullen 

Fresno  

229 

15 

18 

26 

g 

Middletown 

Lake  

1,300 

22  23 

Milton 

Calaveras  

650 

29 

Mokelumne  Hill  .. 

do  

1,550 

28-29 

Santa  Cruz  

950 

15 

Napa  

95 

13-15-16 

15 

Placer  

956 

24 

Niles  

Alameda  

87 

26 

15 

\orth  Bloomfleld 

Nevada  

3,000 

18 

Oleta 

1  610 

12-18-19-20 

29 

26 

24 

28 

Sacramento  . 

300 

29 

27 

Ontario  

San  Bernardino 

1,750 

9 

Los  Angeles  .  .  . 

875 

26-27 

Paso  Robles  

San  Luis  Obispo 

880 

6 

Sonoma  

200 

26 

6-29 

Pichaco  

San  Diego  

220 

28 

Pilot  Creek  

I'lumas  

4,000 

7  29 

Placerville  

Eldorado  

1,820 

15-16-17 

29 

29 

26-27 

16-21 

Plumas 

3,350 

26 

17  21 

28-29 

Reedlev        

Fresno  

347 

| 

Rio  Vista 

Solano 

11 

6 

Roseville  

Placer  

162 

16  24 

8-9-18 

Tehama 

865 

17  20 

29 

18-19 

5-9-1  3_<»3 

1  °6 

Sacramento  

Sacramento  .  .. 

35 

15 

28 

San  Francisco  

San  Francisco  . 

155 

15 

26 

16-24 

29 

San  Jose  

Santa  Clara  

95 

14 

/ 

29 

San  Miguel  Island 

Santa  Barbara 

500 

19 

San  Leandro  

Alameda  

48 

15 

26 

29 

Santa  Clara  

Santa  Clara  

83 

14 

Santa  Cruz  

Santa  Cruz  

25 

29 

Shasta  

Shasta 

1  148 

19 

17  20 

28 

26-27 

18-21  29 

2  3-93  28-°9 

Snedden's  Ranch.  . 

Ventura  

4,900 

27 

10 

Summerdale  

Mariposa  

5,270 

24 

Snsanville  

Lassen  

4,195 

17 

8-29 

Turlock  

Stanislaus  .  . 

106 

Ukiah  

Mendocino  

620 

17 

••fl 

6-'>9 

Upper  Soda  Lake.. 

Lake  

1,300 

28-29 

Ventura  

Ventura  

50 

27 

Washington  

Nevada  

2,140 

29 

Wcstpoint  

Calaveras  

2,  326 

29 

Wire  Bridge  

Placer  

565 

•>4 

Yreka  

Siskiyou  

2,635 

3 

28-29 

23-29-31 

1  2  30 

During  the  summer  months  in  the  great  valleys  and  canyons  of  the  eastern  and  southern 
portions  of  the  State  thunderstorms  frequently  occur  during  the  afternoon  and  evening  hours. 

John  Muir,  writing  in  the  Atlantic  Monthly  for  September,  1901,  on  the  Big  Trees,  makes 
the  following  statement:  "  Most  of  the  Sierra  trees  die  of  disease.  Thus  the  magnificent  silver 
firs  are  devoured  by  fungi,  and  comparatively  few  of  them  live  to  see  their  three  hundredth  birth 
year.  But  nothing  hurts  the  Big  Tree.  I  never  saw  one  that  was  sick  or  showed  the  slightest 
sign  of  decay.  It  lives  on  through  indefinite  thousands  of  years,  until  burned,  blown  down, 
undermined,  or  shattered  by  some  tremendous  lightning  stroke.  No  ordinary  bolt  ever  seriously 
hurts  Sequoia.  In  all  my  walks  I  have  seen  only  one  that  was  thus  killed  outright. 

"  Lightning,  though  rare  in  California  lowlands,  is  common  on  the  Sierra.  Almost  every  day 
in  June  and  July  small  thunderstorms  refresh  the  main  forest  belt.  Clouds  like  snowy  moun- 
tains of  marvelous  beauty  grow  rapidly  in  the  calm  sky  about  midday  and  cast  cooling  shadows 


THUNDERSTORMS.  253 

and  showers  that  seldom  last  more  than  an  hour.  Nevertheless,  these  brief,  kind  storms  wound 
or  kill  a  good  man}'  trees.  I  have  seen  silver  firs  200  feet  high  split  into  long  peeled  rails  and 
slivers  down  to  the  roots,  leaving  not  even  a  stump,  the  rails  radiating  like  the  spokes  of  a  wheel 
from  a  hole  in  the  ground  where  the  tree  stood.  But  the  Sequoia,  instead  of  being  split  and 
slivered,  usually  has  40  or  50  feet  of  its  brash,  knotty  top  smashed  off  in  short  chunks  about  the 
size  of  cord  wood,  the  beautiful  rosy -red  ruins  covering  the  ground  in  a  circle  100  feet  wide  or 
more. 

'*!  never  saw  &ny  that  had  been  cut  down  to  the  ground,  or  even  to  below  the  branches, 
except  one  in  the  Stanislaus  Grove,  about  12  feet  in  diameter,  the  greater  part  of  which  was 
smashed  to  fragments,  leaving  only  a  leafless  stump  about  75  feet  high.  It  is  a  curious  fact  that 
all  the  very  old  Sequoia  nave  lost  their  heads  by  lightning.  'All  things  come  to  him  who  waits,' 
but  of  all  living  things  Sequoia  is  perhaps  the  only  one  able  to  wait  long  enough  to  make  sure  of 
being  struck  by  lightning.  Thousands  of  years  it  stands  ready  and  waiting,  offering  its  head  to 
every  passing  cloud  as  if  inviting  its  fate,  praying  for  heaven's  fire  as  a  blessing,  and  when  at 
last  the  old  head  is  off  another  of  the  same  shape  immediately  begins  to  grow  on." 

During  the  months  of  July  and  August,  1896,  thunderstorms  were  unusually  frequent. 
During  July  storms  occurred  at  Bodie  on  the  4th,  5th,  21st,  23d,  and  25th;  at  Graf  ton  on  the 
4th;  at  Descanso  on  the  8th,  10th,  12th,  13th,  and  24th;  at  Edmanton  on  the  5th,  15th,  and  16th; 
at  Greenville  on  the  5th,  16th,  24th,  and  25th;  at  Guinda  on  the  5th:  at  Laporte  on  the  5th  and 
15th;  at  Lodi  on  the  25th;  McMullen  on  the  3d,  4th,  7th,  12th,  17th,  and  24th;  at  Middletown, 
29th;  Paso  Robles,  4th;  Peachland,  10th;  Pichaco,  9th,  12th,  13th,  14th,  15th,  18th,  and  24th: 
Pilot  Creek,  5th,  15th,  16th,  25th,  and  26th;  Placerville,  25th;  Quincy,  15th;  Reedley,  4th,  5th, 
22d,  and  24th;  Rio  Vista,  10th;  Rosewood,  5th,  15th,  25th,  27th,  and  28th;  Santa  Cruz,  22d; 
Shasta,  17th,  26th,  27th,  and  28th;  Turlock,  4th  and  25th;  Ukiah,  10th  and  29th;  Upper  Silver 
Lake,  10th,  27th,  28th,  and  29th;  Washington,  15th;  West  Point.  25th:  Wire  Bridge,  Yreka, 
25th,  26th,  27th,  and  28th. 

August,  1896.—  Bodie,  12th,  17th,  18th,  19th,  and  22d;  Crafton,  16th;  Crescent  City,  29th; 
Durham,  30th;  Descanso,*14th,  15th,  and  27th;  Edmanton,  22d,  28th,  and  30th;  Follows  Camp,  16th; 
Folsom.  22d  and  30th;  Grass  Valley,  22d  and  30th;  Greenville,  22d,  23d.  24th,  28th,  and  29th; 
Iowa  Hill,  29th;  Laporte,  22d,  28th,  and  29th;  Los  Gatos,  19th;  McMullen,  20th  and  29th;  Mid- 
dletown, 29th  and  30th ;  Newcastle,  18th and 22d:  Niles.l9th;  North Bloomfield.22d;  Orangevale. 
22d;  Peachland,  19th  and  20th;  Pichaco,  14th,  19th,  26th,  27th,  and  28th;  Pilot  Creek.  17th, 
22d,  and  29th;  Placerville,  22d;  Roseville,  21st;  Rosewood,  19th,  20th,  23d,  28th,  29th,  and  30th: 
Sacramento,  22d;  San  Jose,  19th;  Santa  Clara,  20th;  Santa  Cruz,  18th;  Shasta,  20th  and  27th: 
Susanville,  19th  and  23d;  Ukiah,  22d;  Ventura.  17th:  Wire  Bridge.  22d;  Yreka,  19th,  20th, 
and  21st. 

September,  1896. — Edmanton  (distant)  on  the  20th  and  28th;  at  Grass  Valley  on  the  28th;  at 
Iowa  Hill  on  the  28th;  at  Los  Gatos  on  the  21st;  at  Lime  Kiln  on  the  5th:  at  Laporte  on 
the  2d,  3d,  6th,  20th,  22d,  and  28th;  at  Upper  Lake  (Ma.  Tel.  Vineyard)  on  the  22d:  at  McMullen 
on  the  20th;  at  North  San  Juan  on  the  28th;  at  Pilot  Creek  on  the  5th  and  28th;  at  Rio  Vista  on 
the  22d;  at  Reedley  on  the  5th:  at  Rosewood  on  the  22d;  at  San  Jacinto  on  the  4th,  5th,  and 
29th;  at  Shasta  on  the  7th;  at  Snedden  on  the  5th:  at  Tulare  on  the  5th,  19th,  and  22d:  at  Turlock 
(distant)  on  the  5th;  at  Yreka  on  the  6th,  and  22d;  at  Isabella  on  the  5th. 

October,  1896.— On  the  20th,  at  Bodie;  on  the  25th,  at  Briggs  Vineyard:  on  the  27th,  at 
Descanso;  on  the  16th,  at  Famosa:  on  the  25th,  at  Guinda:  on  the  27th.  at  Las  Fuentes  Rancho: 
on  the  25th,  at  Peachland;  on  the  16th,  at  Paso  Robles:  on  the  27th.  ;it  Claremont:  on  the  16th, 
at  Reedley;  on  tne  25th,  at  Sacramento;  on  the  25th,  at  Ukiah;  on  the  25th.  at  Winter-. 

During  November  and  December  there  were  few,  if  any.  thunderstorms  in  California. 

The  following  notes  relative  to  the  character  of  the  storms  may  be  of  interest: 

On  January  26,  1896,  the  plant  of  the  Haywoods  Electric  Light  Company  was  struck  by 
lightning.  The  electrician.  Mr.  J.  Putnam,  is  reported  as  .saying: 

I  was  not  more  than  20  feet  away  from  the  dynamo  when  the  crash  came,  and  it  seemed  as  if  the  lightning  filled 
the  whole  building.  The  flames  shot  out  from  the  dynamo  about  8  feet,  and  the  wires,  magnets,  and  mica  were 
thrown  all  over  the  place.  I  instantly  ran  to  the  switchboard  and  disconnected  the  wires,  and  there  was  no  more 


254  CLIMATOLOGY  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

light  that  night.  The  accident  was  a  very  simple  one,  and  one  that  will  be  guarded  against  in  future.  The 
lightning  was  conducted  to  the  machine  by  one  of  the  wires,  and  of  course  the  dynamo  was  instantly  overcharged 
and  burnt.  *  *  *  There  is  one  hole  and  no  trace  of  the  missing  metal.  The  wires  that  surrounded  the  magnets 
were  so  highly  charged  that  they  flew  in  all  directions,  and  when  the  mica  was  free  it  fell  around  in  showers.  It 
will  take  several  days  to  fix  the  wrecked  machine.  If  I  had  been  oiling  that  dynamo  when  the  lightning  struck  I 
would  have  been  charred  to  a  cinder  as  rapidly  as  that  piece  of  iron  was  burned. 

At  Folsom,  on  the  24th  of  April,  lightning  struck  the  lines  of  the  Electric  Light  and  Power 
Company  five  times,  and  the  machines  went  out  of  step  at  each  stroke.  The  lightning  arresters 
were  burned  and  discolored.  On  April  9,  at  Ontario,  two  strokes  of  lightning  entered  the  electric 
power  house.  Wires  were  burned  and  a  coat  belonging  to  one  of  the  employees  set  on  fire. 

The  first  stroke,  it  is  stated,  came  from  overhead,  while  the  second  struck  the  wires  miles  away  and  came  in 
when  the  sky  was  clear  overhead.  Lightning  conductors  were  under  the  floor,  but  had  not  been  connected,  as  it 
was  thought  there  would  be  no  use  for  them.  After  the  first  stroke  they  were  connected.  Notwithstanding,  the 
second  stroke  did  more  damage  in  the  power  house  than  the  former,  showing  that  it  was  much  the  heavier  charge. 

The  Fresno  Republican  of  October  17  reports  that — 

A  heavy  thunderstorm  in  the  hills  caused  a  shutting  down  last  evening  of  the  entire  electric  plant  of  the  San 
Jqaquin  Electric  Company  for  twenty  minutes.  The  lightning  passing  over  the  lightning  arresters  caused  the  points 
to  become  welded  together,  forming  a  short  circuit  across  the  two  lines.  Occurring  at  a  time  when  the  city  was  in 
darkness  the  delay  in  repairing  was  greater  than  it  would  have  been  during  the  day.  No  great  damage  was  done  to 
the  machinery. 

In  the  city  of  San  Francisco  houses  and  barns  have  been  struck  and  some  damage  done.  A 
large  cypress  tree  on  the  southeast  corner  of  Broderick  and  Green  streets  was  riven  from  branch 
to  root.  A  very  large  branch  was  torn  off  and  thrown  some  little  distance.  On  August  19,  1896, 
the  signal-flag  pole  at  Point  Lobos  was  struck  by  lightning  and  badly  damaged.  The  pole  was 
60  feet  high,  and  the  upper  20  feet  were  so  torn  that  a  new  pole  was  necessary.  Large  splinters 
of  wood  were  thrown  over  150  feet  away.  Lights  were  burned  out  at  the  terminus  of  the  Sutro 
Electric  Railroad,  and  other  damage  done  in  the  vicinity. 

On  November  7,  1900,  four  distinct  flashes  of  lightning,  accompanied  by  loud  thunder,  were 
recorded  at  the  Weather  Bureau  office  at  San  Francisco.  The  first  fla>sli  was  at  10.15  a.  111.  and 
the  others  at  10.27,  10.30,  and  10.42  a.  m.  The  average  interval  between  the  flash  and  the 
thunder  was  about  six  seconds.  On  December  14,  1900,  during  a  sharp  thunderstorm  a  flash  of 
lightning  struck  the  relief  gasometer  at  Bay  and  Buchanan  streets,  containing  260,000  cubic  feet 
of  gas.  The  tank  was  demolished  and  the  gas  ignited.  The  flame  was  carried  by  the  gale  a  dis- 
tance of  250  feet,  and  the  roar  could  be  heard  above  the  noise  of  the  storm.  The  officials  of  the 
gas  company  estimated  the  loss  at  $6,000. 

On  Oct<  Vr  3,  1901,  at  Houghton  ranch,  near  Thomas  Creek,  about  12  miles  west  of  Corn- 
ing, Cal. ,  during  a  heavy  thunderstorm  Coutea  Jobe,  aged  20  yeai  s,  was  struck  b_y  a  flash  of 
lightning  and  killed. 

The  light-house  on  the  Southeast  Farallon  Island  was  once  struck  and  a  small  amount  of 
damage  resulted. 

January,  1898.— At  Hill  Ranch  on  the  31st. 

February,  1898.— At  Fort  Bragg  on  the  20th,  Grass  Valley  7th,  Iowa  Hill  27th,  Lodi  7th, 
Rosewood  7th,  20th,  and  27th,  Sacramento  7th,  Shasta  24th  and  27th,  Wire  Bridge  7th  and  27th. 

March,  1898.— At  Folsom  and  Grass  Valley  on  the  9th,  Hill  Ranch  25th,  Iowa  Hill  9th  and 
17th,  Limekiln,  Oleta,  Placerville,  and  Pilot  Creek  9th,  Rosewood  16th,  West  Point  9th,  Wire 
Bridge  9th  and  26th. 

April,  1898.— At  Bowmans  Dam  29th  and  30th,  Descanso  14th,  Durham  30th,  Edmanton 
29th,  Elsinore  14th,  Fohcm  oOth,  Grass  Valley  29th,  Laporte  29th  and  30th,  North  Hill 
vineyard  6th,  Oleta  and  Pilot  Creek  30th,  Quincy  29th,  Shasta  27th,  Susanville  and  West  Point 
30th,  Yreka  20th  and  22d. 

May,  1898.— At  Bodie  on  the  llth  and  12th,  Cedarville  5th,  llth,  and  13th,  Grass  Valley 
19th,  Rosewood  12th,  17th,  and  18th,  Shasta  17th  and  18th,  Susanville  14th,  Yreka  5th,  llth, 
12th,  and  13th. 

June,  1898.— At  Bodie  on  the  6th,  Bowmans  Dam  7th  and  8th,  Cedarville  7th,  llth,  and  22d, 
Edmanton  8th  and  9th,  Manzana  10th,  Rosewood  1st,  7th,  8th,  9th,  10th,  and  llth,  Shasta  1st 
and  8th,  Ukiah  th. 


THUNDERSTORMS.  255 

July,  1898.— M  Bodie  on  the  6th  and  29th,  Descanso  10th,  Edmanton  8th,  Los  Angeles  4th, 
San  Jacinto  3d  and  4th,  West  Saticoy  4th.  Yreka  8th  and  21st 

August,  1898.— At  Bodie  on  the  6th,  12th,  and  13th,  Cedarville  8th  and  13th.  Crescent  City 
28th,  Descanso  10th,  loth,  20th,  21st.  22d,  24th,  and  28th,  Edmanton  28th,  Elsinore  9th,  10th. 
12th,  and  20th,  Fallbrook  9th,  Greenville  6th  and  7th,  Laporte  6th,  Oleta  7th,  Quincy  29th, 
Rosewood  6th,  13th,  14th,  and  31st,  San  Jacinto  9th  and  21st,  Shasta  28th,  Sierra  Madre  9th. 
Susanville  13th  and  29th,  Ukiah  and  Upper  Lake  13th,  Yreka  6th,  7th,  14th,  28th,  and  31st. 

September,  1898.— At  Anada  on  the  1st,  Descanso  8th,  Georgetown,  Grand  Island,  Oleta, 
and  Pilot  Creek  26th,  Rosewood  1st,  Susanville  30th,  Turlock  26th,  Yreka  1st. 

October,  1898.— At  Crescent  City  on  the  1st,  Durham  3d,  Grand  Island  3d  and  7th,  Greenville 
7th  and  8th,  Lodi  2d  and  8th,  Oakland  and  Peachland  7th,  Rosewood  3d,  Turlock  1st  and  8th. 
Wire  Bridge  2d. 

November,  1898. — At  Crescent  City,  Del  Xorte  County,  on  the  19th. 

December,  1898.— At  Escondido  on  the  9th,  Fallbrook  8th  and  9th,  Long  Beach  14th. 
Poway  9th. 

January,  1899. — At  Fallbrook.  Irvine,  Paso  Robles,  Ranch  House.  Santa  Barbara,  and 
West  Saticoy  on  the  llth,  Oleta  on  the  20th. 

February,  1899. — At  Berkeley  on  the  1st  and  Mills  College  on  the  2d. 

March,  1899.— At  Goldrun  on  the  12th,  Grass  Valley  13th,  Iowa  Hill  12th,  Kennedy  Gold 
Mine  28th,  Lodi  16th,  Oleta  26th,  Pilot  Creek  12th  and  28th.  Rosewood  and  Shasta  24th  and  28th, 
Wire  Bridge  13th  and  18th,  Yreka  28th. 

April,  1899. — At  Grand  Island  on  the  25th,  Greenville  21st,  Guadaloupe  26th,  Laporte  21st, 
Napa  24th,  North  Bloonitiold  27th.  North  San  Juan  24th,  25th,  and  30th.  Oleta  23d,  Pilot  Creek 
and  Raymond  30th,  Rosewood  1st  and  24th,  Thermalito  24th  and  30th. 

May,  1899. — At  Bodie  on  the  5th.  Bowmans  Dam  4th  and  18th,  Cisco  12th  and  18th, 
Cuyamaca  8th,  Delta  5th,  Floriston  18th,  Folsom  14th,  Goldrun  6th,  Grand  Island  5th  and  24th, 
Greenville  5th  and  14th,  Iowa  Hill  18th  and  24th,  Lodi  6th,  Moreno  Dam  8th,  North  Bloomfield 
5th  and  14th,  North  San  Juan  6th,  Oleta  24th,  Placerville  24th,  Sacramento  14th,  Tehama, 
Thermalito.  and  Wheatland  5th.  Yreka  24th. 

June,  1899. — At  Folsom,  Pilot  Creek,  and  Wire  Bridge  on  the  2d,  Susanville  on  the  1st. 

July,  1899. — At  Cedarville  on  the  14th.  Cuyamaca  and  Volcano  Springs  20th  and  21st.  Yreka 
14th  and  15th. 

August,  1899. — The  central  and  northern  portions  of  the  State  experienced  unusual  electrical 
storms  during  the  first  patrt  of  the  month,  that  of  the  3d  being  the  most  severe  in  the  month  of 
August  for  many  years:  it  was  accompanied  by  rain  at  some  places  and  by  heavy  1  ilstorms  at 
others,  but  no  extensive  damage  was  reported.  In  the  San  Joaquin  Valley,  where  the  storm  was 
most  severe,  telegraph  and  telephone  lines  were  interfered  with,  fuses  were  burned  out  and  a 
few  poles  were  struck  by  lightning,  and  at  North  Hill  vineyard  two  horses  were  instantly  killed. 
During  the  storm  of  the  6th.  in  the  vicinity  of  Chico  six  persons  were  stunned  by  lightning 
while  riding  in  a  wagon  and  a  jToung  colt  was  killed.  On  the  10th,  at  Susanville,  Lassen  County, 
several  sheep  were  killed  by  lightning.  The  following  stations  report  thunderstorms  on  the  3d: 
Auburn,  Bodie.  also  on  the  1st,  2d,  4th  and  7th:  Elkgrove.  Folsom,  also  on  the  4th;  Goldrun, 
Grand  Island.  Guinda,  Iowa  Hill,  also  2d,  4th.  5th,  6th;  Lagrange,  Lankershim,  Lathrop,  Lick 
Observatory.  Lodi.  Merced.  Milton.  Minturn.  Napa.  North  Bloomtield,  North  Hill  vineyard, 
North  San  Juan,  also  4th  and  6th:  Palermo,  also  5th  and  6th;  Pilot  Creek,  also  4th.  5th,  6th; 
Raymond,  Riovista.  Sacramento.  Shasta,  also  16th;  Stockton,  Upper  Lake.  Vacaville,  Wheat- 
land.  Wire  Bridge.  Woodland.  Other  thunderstorms  were  reported  as  follows:  At  Boulder 
Creek  on  the  4th  and  5th,  Chico  6th,  Covelo  20th,  Edmanton  17th,  Fort  Ross  and  Grass  Valley 
4th.  Greenville  4th  and  6th,  Healdsburg  2d,  Kono  Tayee  1st.  Laporte  4th,  6th.  17th.  Los  Angeles 
9th.  Oleta  6th,  7th.  Orange  9th,  Quincy  6th.  Rosewood  6th.  7th.  Santa  Ana  9th.  Susanville  4th. 
5th.  6th,  10th,  17th,  Yreka  13th.  19th. 

September,  1899. — At  Arcadia.  Buena  Park.  Compton.  Downey.  Irvine.  North  Ontario,  Palm 
Springs.  Ranch  House,  and  Sierra  Madre  on  the  9th.  There  were  also  thunderstorms  in  the 
mountains  near  Bakersfield,  Downey,  Huron,  and  Tejon  Rancho  on  the  llth. 


256  CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 

October,  1809.—  At  Arcadia  on  the  7th,  Crescent  City  19th,  Cuyamaca  and  Lamesa  6th,  Lodi 
llth  and  12th,  North  Bloomfield  12th,  North  Hill  vineyard  llth,  North  Ontario  6th,  Oleta  llth 
and  12th,  Pilot  Creek  llth,  12th,  and  20th,  Ranch  House  6th,  Reedley  13th,  Represa  llth,  Rose- 
wood 12th,  21st,  and  22d,  Shasta  19th  and  22d,  Stockton  1st,  Summit  10th  and  llth,  Wire  Bridge 
llth  and  12th. 

November,  1899.—  At  Crescent  City  on  the  21st,  Fall  Brook  17th,  Lamesa  14th,  Oleta  12th 
and  15th,  Placerville  15th,  Rosewood  10th. 

December,  1899. — At  Berkeley  and  Fort  Ross  on  the  8th  and  Crescent  City  on  the  14th,  30th, 
and  31st. 

January,  1900.. — At  Crescent  City  on  the  7th. 

February,  1900. — At  Porterville,  Rosewood,  Santa  Maria,  and  Yreka  on  the  18th. 

March,  1900. — At  Bellevue  on  the  3d,  Claremont  and  Follows  Camp  20th,  Crescent  City  26th, 
Delta  2d,  Edmanton  22d  and  25th,  Folsom,  Grass  Valley,  Greenville,  Laporte,  Mokelumne  Hill, 
North  Hill  vineyard,  Oleta,  Porterville,  Westpoint,  and  Wire  Bridge  22d,  Lagrange,  Raymond, 
Redding,  Represa,  Rosewood,  Thermalito,  and  Wheatland  4th,  Moreno  Dam  14th,  North  San  Juan 
7th,  Pilot  Creek  21st,  Susanville  30th. 

April,  1900. — At  Bellevue,  Bodie,  Shasta,  Susanville,  and  Yreka  30th,  Bowmans  Dam  15th, 
Branscomb,  Durham,  Edmanton,  Grass  Valley,  Iowa  Hill,  Johnsville,  Lagrange,  Lankershim, 
Laporte,  Le  Grand,  Lodi,  Merced,  Nevada  City,  Palermo,  Redding,  Rosewood,  Vina,  Visalia, 
and  Wire  Bridge  2d,  Elsinore  28th,  Greenville  25th,  28th,  and  30th,  Irvine  3d  and  27th,  Moreno 
Dam  27th,  Oleta  23d,  Pilot  Creek  2d  and  28th,  Raymond  3d. 

May,  1900. — At  Bellevue  on  the  31st,  Crescent  City,  Edmanton,  Greenville,  Laporte,  and 
Pilot  Creek  2d,  Folsom,  Irvine,  Represa,  Sacramento,  Shasta,  Tracy,  and  Wire  Bridge  4th, 
Rosewood  9th  and  10th,  Susanville  3d. 

June,  1900. — At  Antioch,  Brentwood,  Campbell,  Danville,  Jackson,  Laporte,  Lick  Observa- 
tory, Lodi,  Los  Gatos,  Milton,  Mokelumne  Hill,  North  Hill  vineyard,  Oleta,  Riovista,  San 
Luis  Obispo,  San  Ramon,  and  Wire  Bridge  on  the  13th,  Auburn,  Georgetown,  and  Iowa  Hill  on 
the  12th,  Cedarville  lltb,  Cottonwood,  Red  Bluff,  and  Shasta  15th,  Edmanton  9th,  Greenville  9th 
and  15th,  Paso  Robles  8th,  Pilot  Creek  12th  to  15th,  Rosewood  8th,  13th,  and  loth,  Susanville  8th 
and  9th,  Tejon  Rancho  8th,  Yreka  2d,  llth,  15th,  17th,  and  22d. 

July,  1900. — At  Bodie  on  the  31st,  Bowmans  Dam  21st,  Cedarville  20th,  21st,  and  29th, 
Elsinore  20th,  Greenville  2d,  21st,  and  22d,  Laporte  and  North  San  Juan  21st,  Palm  Springs 
20th  and  31st,  Pilot  Creek  21st,  22d,  and  23d,  Rosewood  1st,  Summit  20th  and  24th,  Susanville 
2d,  20th,  21st,  and  29th,  Yreka  20th  and  29th. 

August,  1900.—  At  Bellevue  on  the  7th,  14th,  18th,  20th,  22d,  and  28th,  Bodie  1st,  Cedarville 
10th,  14th,  and  20th,  Edmanton  30th,  Elsinore  and  Fall  Brook  1st,  La  Porte  29th,  Mammoth 
Tank  1st,  Manzana  31st,  Moreno  Dam  1st,  Oleta  30th,  Placerville  30th,  Redding  20th,  Rosewood 
7th  and  28th,  Shasta  24th,  Susanville  19th,  Yreka  14th  and  21st. 

September,  1900.—  At  Branscomb  on  the  7th,  llth,  and  13th,  Cedarville  7th  and  10th,  Cuya- 
maca 2d,  Folsom  and  Grand  Island  12th,  Greenville  3d,  10th,  llth,  and  12th,  Jackson  12th,  Lodi 
13th,  North  Bloomfield  llth,  12th,  and  13th,  North  Hill  Vineyard  12th,  Pilot  Creek  and  Placer- 
ville 13th,  Redding  4th,  5th,  12th,  and  13th,  Rosewood  4th,  7th,  llth,  and  12th,  Sacramento  12th, 
Santa  Barbara  1st,  Shasta  4th,  Summit  12th,  Susanville  3d,  Tejon  Ranch  1st  and  2d,  Visalia  2d  and 
3d,  West  Point  3d  and  12th,  Wire  Bridge  12th,  Yreka  7th,  10th,  and  12th. 

October,  1900.  —At  Branscomb  on  the  3d,  Crescent  City  18th  and  23d,  Grand  Island  28th, 
Iowa  Hill  2d,  Keeler,  La  Porte,  and  Moreno  Dam  llth,  Pilot  Creek  2d,  llth,  and  28th,  Redding 
llth,  Summit  4th,  Wheatland  18th,  West  Point  2d. 

November,  1900. — At  Berkeley  on  the  7th  and  16th,  Branscomb  20th,  Claremont  and  Cuyamaca 
17th,  Grand  Island,  Grass  Valley,  and  Los  Gatos  7th,  Los  Angeles  16th,  Mills  College  7th  and 
16th,  Niles  7th,  North  Ontario  17th,  Oakland  and  San  Francisco  7th  and  16th,  Oleta  19th,  Rio 
Vista  21st,  Rosewood  7th,  Sacramento  21st,  San  Bernardino  and  Soledad  17th. 


THUNDERSTORMS.  257 

December,  1900. — The  following  stations  reported  severe  storms,  accompanied  by  thunder, 
lightning,  high  wind,  and  rain,  on  the  14th:  Berkeley,  Campbell,  Fort  Ross,  Grand  Island,  Jack- 
son, Lick  Observatory,  Merced,  Mills  College,  Modesto,  Oakland,  Oleta,  Peachland,  Pilot  Creek, 
Rio  Vista,  San  Francisco,  San  Leandro,  Sonoma,  Suisun,  Vacaville,  West  Point,  and  Wire  Bridge; 
also  at  Crescent  City  and  Tequisquita  Rancho  on  the  16th,  and  Le  Grand  on  the  17th. 

LOCAL    STORMS. 

With  nearly  even*  general  disturbance  there  are  reports  of  individual  disturbances  with 
more  or  less  damage  in  limited  areas.  As  a  rule  the  State  of  California  is  exempt  from  marked 
tornadic  disturbances.  Severe  local  storms,  however,  sometimes  occur,  but,  as  stated  above, 
these  are  chiefly  straight-line  wind  storms.  The  following  illustration,  however,  seems  to  show 
more  of  the  violent  gyratory  action  of  the  whirlwind  than  of  an  ordinary  storm,  and  is  therefore 
given. 

STORM   OF   DECEMBER   14,    1900. 
By  J.  C.  STAN-TON,  voluntary  observer. 

The  storm  of  December  14  in  the  vicinity  of  Rio  Vista  somewhat  resembled  a  tornado,  accompanied  by  thunder 
and  lightning.  The  first  manifestation  seema  to  have  been  at  Lodi,  about  10  miles  to  the  southeast,  where  consider- 
able damage  was  done.  It  then  took  somewhat  of  a  southwesterly  course  to  Collinsville,  where  a  hay  barn  was 
taken  up  bodily,  carried  several  hundred  feet,  dropped,  and  entirely  demolished.  The  building  must  have  been 
raised  perpendicularly,  as  a  large  quantity  of  baled  hay  which  it  contained  remained  intact  and  unmolested.  From 
this  point  the  storm  took  a  northeasterly  course,  arriving  at  Rio  Vista  about  10.45  a.  m.,  sweeping  through  the 
northwest  part  of  the  town,  unroofing  a  carpenter  shop,  blowing  down  a  high  board  fence,  and  overturning  two 
windmills  at  St.  Gertrude's  Academy.  These  were  strongly  constructed,  with  iron  towers,  and  from  their  appear- 
ance seem  to  have  been  twisted  off  and  so  badly  damaged  as  to  be  entirely  worthless.  About  300  yards  from  this 
point  the  storm  demolished  another  iron  windmill,  and  picked  up  a  heavy  handcart,  carrying  it  600  feet,  dropping 
and  breaking  it  to  pieces.  By  this  time  the  wind  was  blowing  from  the  west.  Half  a  mile  farther  on  another  barn 
was  demolished  by  being  carried  a  short  distance  and  dropped.  From  this  point  the  storm  traveled  easterly,  and  at 
a  distance  of  less  than  a  mile  unroofed  a  large  warehouse  on  the  bank  of  the  Sacramento  River.  It  then  crossed  the 
river  in  a  southeasterly  direction,  doing  some  damage.  During  the  storm,  which  lasted  but  a  few  minutes,  the  wind 
blew  from  all  points  of  the  compass,  commencing  from  the  southeast  and  returning  to  the  same. 

SAXD    STORMS. 

Sand  storms  and  dust  storms  occur  quite  frequently  in  man}-  portions  of  the  State.  Partic- 
ularly on  the  southeastern  slope  of  the  Sierra  and  in  some  of  the  valleys  of  southern  California 
do  these  storms  occur.  The  presence  of  an  area  of  high  pressure  over  Nevada  and  Utah,  causing 
strong  northerly  winds,  is  probably  the  prime  factor  in  the  formation  of  these  dust  storms.  As 
might  be  expected,  the  air  is  highly  electrified  at  such  times.  Like  the  "northers"  of  the  great 
valleys  these  dust-laden  winds  are  very  trying  upon  people  and  injurious  to  stock  and  crops. 
Many  illustrations  could  be  given,  but  the  following  will  probably  suffice: 

SAND   STORM    IN   SAX    LCIS   OBISPO   COrXTY. 

The  following  report  of  a  remarkable  sand  storm  near  Creston,  San  Luis  Obispo  County,  is  furnished  by  John 
G.  W.  and  Wilhelmina  A.  Schulte.  The  severity  of  this  storm  was  also  noted  by  many  other  observers  in  their 
monthly  reports  for  June: 

"On  June  30,  1898,  there  was  an  unusually  heavy  sand  storm  from  10  a.  m.  to  8  p.  m.  The  early  morning  had 
the  appearance  of  light  fog,  although  no  moisture  was  felt,  and  it  was  soon  realized  that  a  sand  storm  was  approach- 
ing. The  clouds  of  fine  dust  became  so  dense  that  large  oak  trees  50  yards  away  could  be  but  indistinctly  seen. 
The  air  was  very  still  ami  sultry.  The  little  sunlight  visible  at  times  through  the  dust  was  white  in  appearance  and 
much  resembled  moonlight.  In  a  little  while  all  things  had  a  gray  or  yellowish  coating.  Animals  seemed  affected 
and  were  quiet.  Not  a  sound  was  to  be  heard;  not  even  the  chirping  of  birds.  There  was  an  unpleasant  odor  with 
the  dust,  which  resembled  buhach. 

"This  was  said  to  be  the  severest  storm  known  in  the  middle  section  of  San  Luis  Obispo  County.  It  appeared 
at  Paso  Robles,  in  the  northern  part  of  the  county,  about  8  a.  m.,  but  was  not  felt  at  Creston,  16  miles  southeast, 
until  9.30  a.  m.  In  Creston  there  was  a  slight  northerly  breeze.  Maximum  temperature,  91°;  minimum,  46°; 
temperature  at  noon,  86°." 

1176— Bull.  L-03 17 


EARTHQUAKES. 


It  may  be  open  to  question  whether  the  subject  of  earthquakes  should  properly  be  included 
in  a  memoir  upon  climatology.  The  subject  belongs  rather  to  geology.  In  the  absence, 
however,  of  any  systematic  record  of  seismic  phenomena  in  the  State  of  California,  a  brief  record 
of  the  quakes  has  been  kept  by  the  Weather  Bureau.  There  is  a  well-defined  belief  among  the 
older  residents  of  California  that  earthquakes  are  preceded  by  a  spell  of  sultry  weather,  and  this 
is  even  known  by  the  name  of  ''earthquake  weather."  There  is,  however,  no  known  relation 
between  earthquakes  and  the  weather.  As  shown  by  the  following  table,  some  of  the  most 
severe  earthquakes  have  occurred  when  the  conditions  of  weather  were  in  nowise  those  which  are 
said  to  be  characteristic.  The  true  causes  of  earthquakes  must  be  sought  elsewhere  than  in 
meteorological  conditions. 

January,  1897. — At  Niles  on  the  29th,  San  Leandro  17th  and  23d. 

February,  1897.— At  Descanso  on  the  16th  and  25th. 

May,  1897.— At  Crescent  City  on  the  loth.  23d,  and  29th.  Edmanton  loth. 

June,  1897.— On  the  2nth  at  Campbell,  Centerville,  Hollister.  North  Hill  Vineyard,  Rio 
Vista.  Sacramento.  San  Francisco,  San  Jose,  San  Leandro,  Santa  Cruz,  and  Stockton. 

July,  1897.— At  Castle  Pinckney  on  the  18th. 

August,  1897.—  At  Ukiah  on  the  19th. 

Sept.1,,1,,-.  1897.— At  Descanso  on  the  6th  and  22d,  Hollister  2d. 

October,  1897.— At  Campl>ell  on  the  2d  and  17th,  Descanso  27th.  Niles  2d.  San  Francisco 
and  San  Jose  17th. 

Xoi-,-,,,1,,  /-.  1897.— At  Descanso  on  the  12th  and  22d,  Escondido  and  Fall  Brook  22d. 

Dtc,-i«l»i:  1897.— At  Niles  on  the  26th. 

1898. — The  only  severe  shock  experienced  was  on  the  30th  of  March,  when  considerable 
damage  resulted  at  San  Francisco,  Vallejo,  and  other  points  in  the  central  and  northern  portions: 
and  at  Centerville.  Alameda  County,  it  was  reported  the  most  severe  since  October  21. 1868. 

J<in  miry.  1898. — At  Peachland.  Sonoma  County,  at  5.15  a.  m.  on  the  1st. 

Ftlrmiry.  1898. — At  Bishop.  Invo  County,  a  light  shock  on  the  6th.  and  live  distinct  shocks 
between  3.30  and  5.30  a.  m.  on  the  15th. 

M'.in.-h.  1898. — At  Descanso  on  the  3d.  Upper  Lake  17th:  and  the  following  stations  reported 
unusually  severe  shocks  on  the  30th.  at  about  11.42  p.  m. :  Agnews.  Berkeley.  Campbell,  Fort 
Ross.  Georgetown.  Hollister.  Iowa  Hill.  Lytton  Springs.  Napa.  Niles.  North  San  Juan.  Oakland. 
Oleta.  Peachland.  Rio  Vista.  Siu-ramento.  San  Francisco,  San  Leandro.  Santa  Cruz.  Stockton. 
Upper  Lake.  Vacaville.  Vallejo.  and  West  Point. 

Aj>r!l.  1898.— At  Claremont  on  the  30th.  Descanso  21st:  Fort  Bragg.  Mills  College,  Oak- 
land. Peachland  14th.  Pomona  3<>th.  Upper  Lake  14th  and  loth. 

JA'.y.  1898.— At  Cedarville  on  the  17th  and  19th.  Hollister  28th.  There  were  frequent  shocks 
during  the  month  at  Fort  Bragg. 

Jim.-.  189*. —At  Descanso  on  the  23d  and  24th,  Ukiah  8th,  9th,  and  llth.  Upper  Lake  9th. 

259 


260  CLIMATOLOGY    OF    CALIFORNIA. 

August,  1898.— At  Oakland  on  the  7th,  San  Leandro  28th  and  31st. 

October,  1898.— At  Bishop  on  the  13th,  Descanso  30th,  San  Bernardino  23d,  [Tkiah,  15th. 

November,  1898. — At  Centerville  on  the  14th,  Sunimerdale  5th. 

December,  1898. — At  Centerville  and  San  Leandro  on  the  7th. 

January,  1899. — Light  shocks  occurred  at  Napa  and  Sonoma  on  the  13th,  ant.va.t  S  Bernar- 
dino on  the  24th. 

March,  1899. — Light  shock  at  Ukiah  on  the  7th. 

April,  1899. — Light  shocks  at  Oakland  on  the  5th  and  30th,  Cuyamaca  14th, ^yd  ville  16th 
and  18th.  On  the  30th  quite  heavy  shocks  were  reported  at  Alvarado,  Campbell,  Capitola, 
Coyote,  Gilroy,  Glenwood,  Hollister,  Los  Gatos,  Niles  (Centerville),  Pacific  Grove,  San  Francisco, 
San  Leandro,  Santa  Cruz,  Soledad,  Stanford  University,  and  Stockton.  ^ 

M/iy,  1899. — There  was  a  light  shock  at  Bishop  on  the  13th.  ^ 

June,  1899. — On  the  1st,  at  11.20  p.  m.,  severe  shocks  occurred  at  San  '"isco,  Niles, 

Oakland,  Stanford  University,  Capitola,  Mills  College,  Napa,  and  Livermore.  T  shocks 

were  also  reported,  as  follows:  On  the  1st  at  Campbell,.  Moreno  Dam,  Peachhu  )aklai.d; 

5th,  Bradle}';  llth,  Keeler,  Porterville,  and  Milo;  13th,  San  Francisco,  San  Jo  'M-keley; 

25th  San  Miguel. 

July,  1899. — At  12.10  p.  m.  on  the  6th  light  shocks  occurred  at  Berkelc;  Creek, 

Campbell,  Capitola,  Coyote,  Elmwood,  Gilroy,  Glenwood,  Gonzales,  HOJ,  ^athrop, 

Le  Grand,  Los  Gatos,  Merced,  Milbrae,  Modesto,  Mount  Eden,  Napa,  Niles.  d,  Pacific 

Grove,  Salinas,  San  Francisco,  San  Jose,  Santa  Cruz,  and  Stockton.  Sevena  severe  shocks 
occurred  in  the  southern  portion  of  the  State  on  the  21st  and  22d,  followed  \>\  li  "  u>s  on  the 

23d,  28th,  and  29th;  reports  were  received  from  Anaheim,  Arcadia,  Colton,  i  r  •,  El  Cajon, 
Elsinore,  Escondido,  Fall  Brook,  Florence,  Los  Angeles,  North  Ontario,  Pas  dera,  Pomona, 
Redlands,  Riverside,  San  Bernardino.  San  Diego,  San  Dimas,  San  Pedro,  Sar.ra  Ana,  Spadra, 
and  Ventura. 

August,  1899. — The  following  stations  reported  light  shocks  on  the  4th  and  5th:  Ben 
Lomond,  Boulder  Creek,  Campbell,  Capitola,  Glenwood,  Lathrop,  Los  Gatos,  Napa,  Niles,  Oak- 
land, San  Francisco,  San  Jose,  Santa  Cruz,  and  Tequisquita.  There  was  also  a  slight  shock  at 
San  Diego  on  the  21st. 

September,  1899. — There  was  a  severe  shock  at  San  Miguel  on  the  16th;  two  light  shocks  at 
Needles  on  the  20th. 

October,  1899. — Light  shocks  occurred  at  Cuyamaca,  Peachland,  and  Santa  Rosa  on  the  12th; 
Moreno  Dam,  llth  and  28th. 

November,  1899. — There  was  a  light  shock  at  Napa  on  the  16th. 

December,  1899.  —  On  the  25th  sharp  shocks  were  experienced  throughout  southern  Califor- 
nia; many  observers  reported  the  shocks  the  most  severe  ever  known.  Lisrhter  shocks  were 
also  experienced  frequently  from  the  25th  to  the  31st.  Reports  were  reccu  /rom  the  follow- 
ing stations:  Arcadia,  Banning,  Claremont,  Crafton,  Cuyamaca,  Duarte,  Ei  Cajon,  Elsinore, 
Escondido,  Fall  Brook,  Follows  Camp,  Girard,  Hemet,  Indio,  La  Mesa,  Long  Beach,  Los 
Angeles,  Monte,  Moreno  Dam,  Needles,  North  Ontario,  Norwalk,  Ontario,  Palm  Springs, 
Pomona,  Ravenna,  Riverside,  San  Bernardino,  San  Diego,  San  Dimas,  San  Jacinto.  Sierra 
Madre,  Tehachapi,  Tustin,  and  Whittier.  Lighter  shocks  were  reported  at  Ciiico  on  the  12th, 
13th,  19th,  20th,  and  at  Napa  on  the  25th. 

.  January,  1900. — At  Campbell,  Niles,  and  San  Leandro  on  the  14th,  Los  Gatos  6th,  Moreno 
Dam  28th,  Napa  5th,  Palm  Springs,  '•  frequently  during  the  first  part  of  the  month,"  Peachland 
31st,  San  Jacinto  1st,  2d,  4th,  9th,  13th,  15th,  and  27th. 

February,  1900. — At  Claremont  on  the  2d,  Cuyamaca  13th,  Petaluma  9th,  San  Jacinto  7th 
and  9th. 

March,  1900.—  At  Claremont  on  the  2lst,  Napa,  Vacaville,  and  Vallejo  26th,  Peachland  20th, 
San  Jacinto -18th. 


EARTHQUAKES.  261 

Jyv.v.  //><"/.—  At  Cuyamaca  on  th.>  i'3d.  Fall  Brook  9th.  Napa   Itith,  San  Jacinto  15th  and 

If.th. 

M<iy.  19<A  v —At  Mount  Eden  on  the  20th  and  San  Jacinto  on  the  10th. 

-At  Cuyamaca  on  the  19th  and  I'oth.  Keeler  26th,  San  Ardo  9th. 

July,  19(      -At  Branscomb  on  the  12th  and  13th,  San  Diego  ltd.  San  Jose  28th. 

A"ff™*>  1900-—^  Elsinore  on  the  18th,  Ferndale  16th;  Mills  College,  Nil.-s.  and  Oakland 
31st.  San'  !ac!     o  19th,  San  Jose.  Stanford  University  and  Tequisquita  Rancho  31st. 

*,j>i,  ,,J>er,  '1900.—  At  Oakland  on  the  19th  and  Tequisquita  Rancho  on  the  28th. 

October,  1900.—  There  was  a  light  shock  at  Tequisquita  Rancho  on  the  24th. 

November     'W.— Light  shocks  occurred  at  Branscomb  on  the  8th,  Cuyamaca  5th  and  19th, 
Fallbrook  14,      Moreno  Dam  19th.  Napa  25th,  Oakland  24th,  Penn  Grove  13th. 
00.— There  was  a  light  shock  at  San  Jose  on  the  30th. 


r.. 


I  NDEX. 


Page. 

CLIMATOLOGY  OF  CALIFORNIA 7 

Controlling  factors ^ 7 

Pressure  distribution 7 

Monthly  precipitation  at  San  Francisco  (inches  and  hundredth^) 9 

Movement  of  areas  of  high  pressure 12 

Movement  of  areas  of  low  pressure 12 

Storms  of  the  West  Pacific  Ocean 12 

Typhoons  of  the  Pacific  Ocean 13 

Low  areas  on  the  Pacific  coast 14 

Track  of  Pacific  storm  of  November  20,  1895 14 

Prevailing  air  drift  and  ocean  effect '..  15 

Topography 16 

Table  of  elevations  exceeding  1,000  meters  (3,281  feet)  in  California 17 

CLIMATE  OF  NORTH  AND  CENTRAL  COAST 25 

Climatology  of  Eureka,  and  weather  conditions  along  the  coast  of  northern  California — 

Mean  monthly  and  annual  temperatures 25 

Summary  of  monthly  mean  temperature 26 

Weather 26 

Rainfall  at  Eureka,  from  January  1,  1887,  to  December  31,  1898  (inches»and  hundredths) 26 

Dates  of  first  and  last  light  and  killing  frosts,  with  lowest  temperature  at  Eureka 28 

Monthly  precipitation,  greatest  and  least  and  dates 28 

A  verage  hourly  wind  velocity  at  Eureka 28 

Highest  wind  velocity,  direction  and  date  for  each  month  at  Eureka,  from  January  1,  1888 29 

Average  humidity  (percent)  at  Eureka 29 

Number  of  foggy  days  and  thunderstorms  in  fourteen  years  at  Eureka 29 

Total  number  of  days  on  which  precipitation  has  fallen  at  Eureka  since  January  1 ,  1887 29 

Greatest  precipitation  in  twenty-four  hours  for  each  month  at  Eureka 29 

Annual  meteorological  summary  of  Eureka  for  the  years  1899,  1900 30 

Sunshine  at  Eureka  during  the  years  1898,  1899,  and  1900 32 

Climate  of  San  Francisco 33 

Seasonal  rainfall 35 

Monthly  mean  temperatures 35 

Me mthly  mean  temperatures  summary 36 

Weather 36 

Average  temperature  for  each  hour,  seventy-fifth  meridian  time 36 

Average  pressure  (inches  and  thousandths)  for  each  hour  of  seventy-fifth  meridian  time 37 

Sunshine  for  the  years  1898,  1899,  and  1900 38 

Annual  meteorological  summary  for  the  years  1899,  1900 39 

Some  maximum  ami  minimum  temperatures 41 

Notes  from  the  record  of  G.  H.  Gibbons,  M.  D.,  1847,  1848,  1849,  1850 42 

Total  number  of  days  on  which  precipitation  has  fallen  from  March  1,  1871,  to  March  1,  1901 43 

Number  of  high  winds.  September,  1881,  to  December  31,  1900 43 

Highest  wind  velocity,  direction  and  date  for  each  month  to  December  31,  1900 43 

Average  velocity  of  afternoon  winds 43 

Greatest  precipitation  in  twenty-four  hours  for  each  month 44 

Greatest  monthly  precipitation  and  date 44 

Least  monthly  precipitation  and  date 45 

Number  of  times  monthly  precipitation  has  exceeded  the  normal  for  fifty  years 45 

Average  hourly  wind  velocity  (miles  per  hour) 45 

•    Monthly  relative  humidity  (per  cent) 46 

Dates  of  snowfall  in  San  Francisco  since  March  1,  1871 46 

The  great,  rainstorm  of  1866 46 

Rainfall  as  measured  by  John  Pettee  January  1,  1865,  to  March  19,  1902 48 

263 


264  INDEX. 

Page. 

CLIMATE  OP  SOUTHERN  COAST 59 

San  Luis  Obispo — 

Rainfall  (inches  and  hundredths)  for  the  past  twenty-eight  years 59 

Precipitation  in  inches  and  hundredths 60 

Wind  velocity  and  direction 60 

Snowfall.     The  only  snowfall  at  the  station,  one-half  inch,  occurred  March  3,  1896 60 

Mean  monthly  and  annual  temperature 

Maximum  and  minimum  temperatures 61 

Weather 61 

Annual  Meteorological  Summary  for  the  year.*  1899  and  1900 62 

Santa  Barbara 64 

Climate 65 

Precipitation  (inches  and  hundredths) 

Climate  of  Santa  Barbara  Foothills,  Pine  Crest  Station . 67 

Los  Angeles - 68 

Mean  monthly  and  annual  temperature 69 

Maximum  temperature 

Minimum  temperature 70 

Mean  daily  range  in  temperature 70 

•  Greatest  and  least  daily  range  in  temperature 71 

Number  of  days  temperature  was  above  90°  F 71 

Number  of  days  temperature  was  below  32°  F 72 

Mean  relative  humidity 72 

Highest  and  lowest  mean  relative  humidity  (per  cent) 73 

Total  number  of  hours  of  actual  sunshine 73 

Total  number  of  hours  of  possible  sunshine 73 

Percentage  of  sunshine - _ 73 

Number  of  clear,  partly  cloudy,  and  cloudy  days 74 

Number  of  days  with  frost 75 

Number  of  days  with  thunderstorms 75 

Numbei  of  days  with  0.01  inch  or  more  rainfall 76 

Monthly  precipitation  (inches  and  hundredths) , 76 

Total  precipitation  by  seasons. 77 

Greatest  precipitation  (inches  and  hundredth^)  in  twenty-four  hours 77 

Prevailing  wind  direction 78 

Highest  velocity  of  wind  (miles  per  hour)  and  direction 78 

Average  daily  wind  movement  (miles  per  hour) 79 

Average  hourly  wind  velocity  (miles  per  hour) 79 

Monthly  seasonal  and  annual  summaries 80 

San  Diego 81 

Mean  monthly  and  annual  temperature 82 

Maximum  and  minimum  temperature 83 

Mean  monthly  relative  humidity  (per  cent) 85 

Number  of  high  winds  in  twenty-eight  years 85 

Summary  of  monthly  means  and  extremes  of  temperature 85 

Weather 85 

Monthly,  seasonal,  and  annual  precipitation 86 

Monthly  extremes  of  precipitation 87 

Greatest  precipitation  (in  inches  and  hundredths)  in  twenty-four  hours 87 

Total  number  of  days  with  precipitation  since  November  1 ,  1871 87 

Dates  when  precipitation  equaled  or  exceeded  2.50  inches  in  any  consecutive  twenty-four  hours 88 

No  snow  reported  to  have  fallen  at  San  Diego  since  beginning  of  record  in  1850 88 

Highest  wind  velocity,  direction,  and  date  for  each  month  during  the  past  twenty -seven  years 88 

Average  hourly  wind  velocity  (miles  per  hour) 88 

Number  of  days  with  one  hour  or  more  of  fogs  and  number  of  thunderstorms  in  eleven  years 89 

Average  pressure  (in  inches  and  thousandths)  for  each  hour  of  seventy-fifth  meridian  time 89 

Average  temperature  each  hour  seventy-fifth  meridian  time 90 

Sunshine  for  the  years  1898,  1899,  and  1900 90 

F.xcessive  precipitation 91 

CLIMATOLOGY  OF  THE  GREAT  VALLEY 93 

Red  Bluff 93 

Monthly  and  annual  mean  temperature 93 

Summary  of  monthly  means  and  extremes  of  temperature   94 


INDEX.  265 

CLIMATOLOGY  OF  THE  GREAT  VALLEY — Continued. 

Red  Bluff— Continued.  P,^ 

Precipitation  exceeding  2.50  inches  in  any  consecutive  twenty-four  hours 94 

Monthly  and  annual  precipitation  (inches  and  hundredth*- ) 94 

Greatest  amount  of  precipitation  (inches  and  hundredth?)  in  twenty-four  hours 95 

Weather *  95 

Number  of  days  with  thunderstorms 95 

Dates  of  first  and  last  killing  f rosts  from  1882  to  1899,  inclusive 96 

Annual  meteorological  summary  for  the  years  1899,  1900 96 

Sacramento 97 

Mean  monthly  and  annual  temperatures ; 98 

Maximum  and  minimum  temperatures 99 

Summaries  of  monthly  means  and  extremes  of  temperatures 99 

Weather 100 

Dates  of  first  and  last  light  and  killing  frosts,  with  lowest  temperature  and  snowfall,  and  dates-of 

blooming  fruit  trees  from  1869  to  1901 100 

Monthly,  annual,  and  seasonal  precipitation  (inches  and  hundredths) 101 

Greatest  precipitation  (inches  and  hundredths)  in  twenty-four'. hours 103 

Dates  when  precipitation  equaled  or  exceeded  2.50  inches  in  any  consecutive  twenty-four  hours 103 

Monthly  extremes  of  precipitation 103 

Average  hourly  wind  velocity  ( miles- per  hour) 104 

Number  of  days  with  precipitation  from  July  1,  1877,  to  December  31, 1900 104 

Number  of  clear,  partly  cloudy,  cloudy,  rainy,  and  foggy  days,  and  total  number  of  thunderstorms  and 

auroras  from  July  1,  1877,  to  December  31,  1900 104 

Number  of  high  wind?  from  July  1,  1877,  to  December  31,  1900 105 

Highest  wind  velocity,  direction,  and  date  from  July  1, 1877,  to  April  30, 1901 105 

Greatest  precipitation  in  the  shortest  periods  of  time  from  July,  1877,  to  April,  1901 105 

Fresno — 

Mean  monthly  and  annual  temperature 106 

Summaries  of  monthly  means  and  extremes  of  temperature 106 

Dati-s  of  frost 107 

Monthly,  annual,  and  seasonal  precipitation  (inches  and  hundredths) • 107 

Greatest  precipitation  t  inches  and  hundredths)  hi  twenty-four  hours. .: 107 

Monthly  extremes  of  precipitation  (inches  and  hundredths) 108 

Weather 108 

Foggy  days  and  days  with  thunderstorms  in  twelve  years 108 

Highest  wind  velocity  (miles  per  hour)  and  direction  for  twelve  years 108 

Average  monthly  relative  humidity  for  twelve  years 109 

Sunshine  for  the  years  1898,  1899,  and  1900 110 

CLIMATE  OF  SANTA  CLABA  VALLEY Ill 

Mean  monthly  and  annual  temperature Ill 

Monthly  and  annual  precipitation  (inches  and  hundredths) „ 112 

Menlo  Park 112 

Monthly  and  annual  mean  temperature 113 

Monthly  and  annual  precipitation 113 

Maximum  teni|>eratures 114 

Minimum  temperatures 114 

San  Mateo 115 

Monthly  ami  annual  mean  temperature 115 

Maximum  temperatures 116 

Monthly  and  annual  precipitation  (inches  and  hundredths) 116 

Minimum  temperatures 117 

San  Jose 117 

Maximum  temperatures 118 

Minimum  teni|>eratures 118 

Monthly  and  annual  mean  temperature 119 

Monthly  and  annual  precipitation 119 

Mount  Hamilton  i  Lick  Observatory) 120 

Maximum  temperatures 120 

Minimum  temperatures 121 

M<  mthly  and  annual  mean  temj>erature 121 

Mi >nthly  and  annual  precipitation  (inches  and  hundredths) 121 

Mean  relative  humidity 122 

Total  monthly  wind  movement  ( miles) ^ 122 


266  INDEX. 

LOCAL  CLIMATOLOGY: 

AptOS —  Page. 

Monthly  and  annual  mean  temperature •. 123 

Monthly  and  annual  precipitation  ( inches  and  himdredths ) 124 

Auburn 124 

Maximum  temperatures 125 

Minimum  temperatures 125 

Monthly  and  annual  mean  temperatures 126 

Monthly  and  annual  precipitation  (inches  and  hundredths) 126 

Berkeley — 

Atmospheric  pressure 127 

Temperature 127 

Precipitation 128 

Relative  humidity 128 

Weather  in  general 128 

Boca 128 

Monthly  and  annual  mean  temperature 129 

Monthly  and  annual  precipitation  (inches  and  himdredths) 129 

Chico— 

Maximum  temperature 130 

Minimum  temperature 131 

Monthly  and  annual  mean  temperature 131 

Monthly  and  annual  precipitation  (inches  and  hundredths) 132 

Coronado 132 

Average  and  extreme  data  for  a  period  of  thirteen  years 133 

Gilroy 133 

Monthly  and  annual  mean  temperature 134 

Monthly  and  annual  precipitation  (inches  and  hundredths) 134 

Hollister 134 

Monthly  and  annual  mean  temperature 135 

Monthly  and  annual  precipitation  (inches  and  hundredths) 136 

Independence — 

Monthly  mean  temperature 136 

Summary  of  monthly  means  and  extremes  of  temperature 137 

Weather 137 

Monthly  and  annual  precipitation  (inches  and  hundredths) 137 

Greatest  monthly  precipitation  (inches  and  hundredths) 138 

Least  monthly  precipitation  and  data  (inches  and  hundredths) 138 

Number  of  times  monthly  precipitation  has  exceeded  the  normal  for  four  years .- 138 

Total  number  of  days  with  precipitation  since  December  1,  1894 138 

Foggy  days  and  thunderstorms 138 

Number  of  high  winds 138 

Highest  wind  velocity,  direction,  and  date  for  each  month  (miles  per  hour) 139 

Average  velocity  of  afternoon  winds 139 

Average  hourly  velocity 139 

Mean  monthly  relative  humidity  (per  cent) 139 

Average  snowfall  since  December  1,  1894 140 

Annual  meteorological  summary  for  the  years  1899  and  1900 141 

Livennore — 

Monthly  and  annual  mean  temperature 142 

Monthly  and  annual  precipitation  (inches  and  hundredths) 143 

Mammoth  Tank 143 

Maximum  temperature 144 

Minimum  temperature 144 

Monthly  and  annual  mean  temperature 145 

Monthly  and  annual  precipitation  (inches  and  hunnredths) 145 

Oakland 145 

Monthly  and  annual  mean  temperature 14ti 

Monthly  and  annual  precipitation  (inches  and  hundredths) 146 

Redlands 147 

Monthly  and  annual  mean  temperature 147 

Monthly  and  annual  precipitation  (inches  and  hundredths) 147 


INDEX.  267 

LOCAL  CLIMATOLOGY — Continued.  P»ge. 

Riverside 1-1" 

Monthly  and  annual  mean  temperature 148 

Monthly  and  annual  precipitation  (inches  and  hundredths) 148 

Salinas '- 148 

Mean,  monthly,  and  annual  temperature 149 

Maximum  temperature 150 

Minimum  temperature 150 

Monthly  and  annual  precipitation  (inches  and  hundredths) 151 

Salton — 

Monthly  and  annual  mean  temperature 151 

Monthly  and  annual  precipitation  (inches  and  hundredths) 152 

San  Bernardino — 

Mean,  monthly,  and  annual  temperature 152 

Highest  and  lowest  temperature 152 

Relative  humidity 153 

Monthly  and  annual  precipitation  (inches  and  hundredthg) 153 

Clear,  fair,  cloudy,  rainy  days;  winds 154 

Santa  Cruz 154 

Monthly  and  annual  mean  temperature 155 

Monthly  and  annual  precipitation  (inches  and  hundredths) 155 

Stockton 156 

Mean  temperature,  1871  to  1900 156 

Monthly  and  annual  precipitation,  1850-1900  (inches  and  hundredths)  157 

Truckee — 

Monthly  and  annual  mean  temperature 158 

Monthly  and  annual  precipitation  (inches  and  hundredths) 159 

Yisalia — 

Temperature 159 

Weather 160 

Greatest  precipitation  in  twenty-four  hours  for  each  month  (inches  and  hundredths) 160 

Mean  monthly  and  annual  temperature - 160 

Summary  of  means  and  extremes  of  temperature 161 

Mi  mthly ,  annual,  and  seasonal  precipitation  (inches  and  hundredths) 161 

Extremes  of  precipitation 161 

Total  number  of  days  with  precipitation 162 

Normal  monthly  and  annual  temperature - 162 

Minimum  winter  temperature  of  the  high  Sierra 164 

Places  for  which  precipitation  data  are  given : 

Anaheim,  Orange  County - 167 

Antioch,  Contra  Costa  County 167 

Aptos,  Santa  Cruz  County 124 

Auburn.  Placer  G >unty 126 

Bakersfield,  Kern  County 168 

Berkeley,  Alameda  County 128, 168 

Bishop,  Inyo  County 168 

Boca,  Nevada  County 129 

Byron,  Contra  Costa  County 169 

Caliente,  Kern  County 169 

Calistoga,  Napa  County 170 

Chico.  Butte  County 132 

Colfax,  Placer  County 170 

Colton.  San  Bernardino  County 171 

Corning,  Tehama  County 171 

Coronado,  San  Diego  County 113 

Davisville,  Yolo  County 172 

Delano,  Kern  G mnty 1 72 

Delta,  Shasta  County 1"3 

Dunnigan,  Yolo  County 173 

Dunsuiuir,  Siskiyou  County 174 

Eldorado,  Eldorado  County - 1  <  4 

Eluiira.  Solano  County 1  <  4 


268  INDEX. 

Places  (or  which  precipitations  are  given — Continued.  Page. 

Eureka,  Hum  bold  t  County 26,  2£ 

Fallbrook,  San  Diego  County 175 

Farmington,  San  Joaquin  County 

Fernando,  Los  Angeles  County 

Folsom,  Sacramento  County 176 

Fort  Ross,  Sonoma  County 177 

Fresno,  Fresno  County 107, 108, 109 

Fruto,  Glenn  County 

Gait,  Sacramento  County 178 

Georgetown,  Eldorado  County 178 

Gilroy,  Santa  Clara  County 

Hollister,  San  Benito  County 136 

Independence,  Inyo  County -   137, 138 

Indio,  Riverside  County 179 

lone,  Amador  County 179. 

Iowa  Hill,  Placer  County 180 

Irvine,  Orange  County 180 

Keeler,  Inyo  County 181 

Kennedy  Gold  Mine,  Amador  County  181 

King  City,  Monterey  County 181 

Knights  Landing,  Sutler  County 182 

Kono  Tayse,  Lake  County . '. 182 

La  Grange,  Stanislaus  County 183 

La  Porte,  Plumas  County 183 

Livermore,  Alameda  County 1-43 

Lodi,  San  Joaquin  County  184 

Los  Angeles,  Los  Angeles  County 76,  77 

Los  Banos,  Merced  County 184 

Mammoth  Tank 145 

Manzana,  Los  Angeles  County 185 

Marysville,  Yuba  County 185 

Mendota,  Fresno  County 185 

Menlo  Park,  San  Mateo  County 113 

Merced,  Merced  County 186 

Modesto,  Stanislaus  County 186 

Mokelumne  Hill,  Calaveras  County 187 

Mojave,  Kern  County 187 

Monterey,  Monterey  County 188 

Mount  Hamilton  (Lick  Observatory),  Santa  Clara  County 121 

Napa,  Napa  County 189 

Needles,  San  Bernardino  County 189 

Nevada  City,  Nevada  County 190 

Newcastle,  Placer  County •. 190 

Newhall,  Los  Angeles  County 191 

Newman,  Stanislaus  County 191 

Niles  (near),  Alameda  County 192 

North  Bloomfleld,  Nevada  County 192 

North  Hill  Vineyard,  Calaveras  County 192 

North  Ontario,  San  Bernardino  County 193 

North  San  Juan,  Nevada  County 193 

Oakdale,  Stanislaus  County ; ' 193 

Oakland,  Alameda  County 1 46 

Ogilby,  San  Diego  County 193 

Oleta,  Amador  County 194 

Orland,  Glenn  County 194 

Oroville,  Butte  County 194 

Palermo,  Butte  County 195 

Palm  Springs,  Riverside  County , 195 

Pasadena,  Los  Angeles  County 195 

Paso  Robles,  San  Luis  Obispo  County 195 

Peachland,  Sonoma  County 196 

Placervi lie,  Eldorado  County 196 


INDEX.  269 

Places  for  which  precipitations  are  given — Continued.  Page. 

Point  Lobos 196 

Point  Reyes  Lisiht ,  Marin  County 196 

Pomona  ( near) ,  Los  Angeles  County 197 

Porterville,  Tulare  County 197 

Poway,  San  Diego  County 197 

Quincy ,  Pluinas  County 197 

Red  Bluff,  Tehama  County 94, 95 

Redding,  Shasta  County 198 

Redlands,  San  Bernardino  County 147 

Repressa,  Sacramento  County 198 

Rio  Vista,  Solano  County 198 

Riverside,  Riverside  County 148 

Rosewood,  Tehama  County 199 

Sacramento,  Sacramento  County 101, 103, 104, 105 

Salinas,  Monterey  County 151 

Salton,  Riverside  County 152 

San  Ardo,  Monterey  County 199 

San  Bernardino,  San  Bernardino  County 153 

San  Francisco,  San  Francisco  County 43, 44, 45, 46, 48 

Sanger  Junction,'  Fresno  County 199 

San  Jose,  Santa  Clara  County 119 

San  Leandro,  Alameda  County 199 

Sat.  Luis  Obispo,  San  Luis  Obispo  County 59, 60 

San  Mateo,  San  Mateo  County 1 16 

San  Miguel,  San  Luis  Obispo  County 200 

San  Miguel  Island,  Santa  Barbara  County 200 

Santa  Ana,  Orange  County 200 

Santa  Barbara,  Santa  Barbara  County : 66 

Santa  Clara,  Santa  Clara  County 201 

Santa  Cruz,  Santa  Cruz  County 155 

San  piego,  San  Diego  County 86,87,88,91 

Santa  Margarita,  San  Luis  Obispo  County 201 

Santa  Maria,  Santa  Barbara  County 201 

Santa  Paula,  Monterey  County 202 

Santa  Rosa,  Sonoma  County 202 

Sehna,  Fresno  County 202 

Shasta.  Shasta  County 202 

Sierra  Madre,  Los  Angeles  County 203 

Sisscm,  Siskiyou  County 203 

Soledad,  Monterey  County 203 

Sonoma,  Sonoma  County 204 

Stockton.  San  Joaquin  County 157 

Siiisum,  Solano  County 204 

Suinmenlaie,  Mariposa  County 204 

Summit,  Placer  County  ...*. 205 

Susan ville,  Lassen  County 205 

Tehachapi,  Kern  County 206 

Tehama,  Tehama  County .- 206 

Tracy,  San  Joaquin  County -07 

Truckee,  Nevada  County 159 

Tulare  (near),  Tulare  County 207 

Ukiah.  Mendocino  County 207 

Upper  Lake,  Lake  County 208 

Upper  Mattole,  Humboldt  County 208 

Vacaville,  Solano  County 208 

Valley  Springs,  Calaverae  County 209 

Ventura,  Ventura  County 209 

Vina,  Tehama  County 209 

\ 'i-alia,  Tulare  County 160, 161, 162 

Volcano  Springs.  San  Diego  County 209 

Westley .  Stanislaus  County 210 

Wheatiand.  Yuba  County 210 


270  INDEX. 

Places  for  which  precipitations  are  riven— Continued.  Page. 

Whittier,  Los  Angeles  County 210 

Williams,  Colusa  County 211 

Willows,  Glenn  County : 211 

Winters,  Yolo  County 212 

Wire  Bridge,  Placer  County 212 

Woodland,  Yolo  County 212 

Yreka,  Siskiyou  County , 213 

Yuba  City,  Sutter  County 213 

SNOWFALL  OF  CALIFORNIA .  215 

Precipitation  at  high  levels 224 

FROST 227 

Nature  of 227 

How  it  injures  plants 228 

Protection  of  orchards  from 228 

FOG  239 

(  'l  )M  I'AHATIVE   DATA 242 

Mount  Tamalpais 242 

San  Francisco 242 

Sunshine  at  Mount  Tamalpais 243 

Notes  on  Fog  at  Mount  Tamalpais 244 

Wreck  of  the  S.  S.  Rio  de  Janeiro 247 

THUNDERSTORMS 251 

EARTHQUAKES 259 

o 


7  DAY  USE 

RETURN  TO  DESK  FROM  WHICH  BORROWED 

ASTRONOMY,  MATHEMATICS- 
STATISTICS  LIBRARY 


RETURN  TO  the  circulation  desk  of  any 

University  of  California  Library 

or  to  the 

NORTHERN  REGIONAL  LIBRARY  FACILITY 
Bldg.  400,  Richmond  Field  Station 
University  of  California 
Richmond,  CA  94804-4698 

ALL  BOOKS  MAY  BE  RECALLED  AFTER  7  DAYS 
2-month  loans  may  be  renewed  by  calling 

(510)642-6753 
1-year  loans  may  be  recharged  by  bringing  books 

to  NRLF 
Renewals    and    recharges    may    be    made    4    days 

prior  to  due  date 

DUE  AS  STAMPED  BELOW 


7  1995 


0,000  (4/94) 


AST. 


